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Tang X, Gong J, Ren L, Wang Z, Yang B, Wang W, Wang N. Tanshinone I improves TNBC chemosensitivity by suppressing late-phase autophagy through AKT/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117037. [PMID: 38959602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of autophagy is a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the chemosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we demonstrated that a natural terpenoid tanshinone I (TAN) enhanced the effectiveness of paclitaxel (PTX), at least in part, through an autophagy-dependent mechanism against TNBC. In vitro validation demonstrated that the combined therapy resulted in a synergistic decrease in the growth of TNBC cells. The chemosensitizing impact of TAN might be attributed to its inhibition of PTX-induced autophagy in the late phase by obstructing the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, rather than by inhibiting lysosomal function. The findings from KEGG pathway analysis and molecular docking suggested that TAN might impact breast cancer chemoresistance primarily through the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. The non-canonical AKT/p38 MAPK signaling was further validated as the primary mechanism responsible for the inhibition of autophagy by TAN. In vivo study showed that the combined administration of TAN and PTX demonstrated a more significant suppression of tumor growth and autophagic activity compared to PTX monotherapy in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft nude mouse model. The safety evaluation of TAN in a zebrafish model, along with in vitro and in vivo validation, provided experimental and pre-clinical data supporting its potential as a natural adjunctive therapy in TNBC. Overall, this study suggests that the combination of TAN with PTX could provide an effective treatment option for advanced breast cancer, and targeting the AKT/p38 MAPK/late-autophagy signaling axis may be a promising approach for developing therapeutic interventions against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglinzi Tang
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqian Gong
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linlin Ren
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Neng Wang
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Shi J, Pabon K, Ding R, Scotto KW. ABCG2 and SLC1A5 functionally interact to rewire metabolism and confer a survival advantage to cancer cells under oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107299. [PMID: 38641063 PMCID: PMC11131071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
ABCG2, a member of the ABC transporter superfamily, is overexpressed in many human tumors and has long been studied for its ability to export a variety of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby conferring a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. However, several studies have shown that ABCG2 can also confer an MDR-independent survival advantage to tumor cells exposed to stress. While investigating the mechanism by which ABCG2 enhances survival in stressful milieus, we have identified a physical and functional interaction between ABCG2 and SLC1A5, a member of the solute transporter superfamily and the primary transporter of glutamine in cancer cells. This interaction was accompanied by increased glutamine uptake, increased glutaminolysis, and rewired cellular metabolism, as evidenced by an increase in key metabolic enzymes and alteration of glutamine-dependent metabolic pathways. Specifically, we observed an increase in glutamine metabolites shuttled to the TCA cycle, and an increase in the synthesis of glutathione, accompanied by a decrease in basal levels of reactive oxygen species and a marked increase in cell survival in the face of oxidative stress. Notably, the knockdown of SLC1A5 or depletion of exogenous glutamine diminished ABCG2-enhanced autophagy flux, further implicating this solute transporter in ABCG2-mediated cell survival. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a functionally significant physical interaction between members of the two major transporter superfamilies. Moreover, these observations may underlie the protective role of ABCG2 in cancer cells under duress and suggest a novel role for ABCG2 in the regulation of metabolism in normal and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kirk Pabon
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Clinical Pharmacology, Translational Medicine, Servier Pharmaceuticals LLC, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen W Scotto
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
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Zheng L, Lu J, Kong DL. Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 is positively correlated with the autophagy level in colon cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:314-330. [PMID: 38425408 PMCID: PMC10900151 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) expression and autophagy in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues has not been widely studied. CDK9, a key regulator of transcription, may influence the occurrence and progression of CRC. The expression of autophagy-related genes BECN1 and drug resistance factor ABCG2 may also play a role in CRC. Under normal physiological conditions, autophagy can inhibit tumorigenesis, but once a tumor forms, autophagy may promote tumor growth. Therefore, understanding the relationship between autophagy and cancer, particularly how autophagy promotes tumor growth after its formation, is a key motivation for this research. AIM To investigate the relationship between CDK9 expression and autophagy in CRC, assess differences in autophagy between left and right colon cancer, and analyze the associations of autophagy-related genes with clinical features and prognosis. METHODS We collected tumor tissues and paracarcinoma tissues from colon cancer patients with liver metastasis to observe the level of autophagy in tissues with high levels of CDK9 and low levels of CDK9. We also collected primary tissue from left and right colon cancer patients with liver metastasis to compare the autophagy levels and the expression of BECN1 and ABCG2 in the tumor and paracarcinoma tissues. RESULTS The incidence of autophagy and the expression of BECN1 and ABCG2 were different in left and right colon cancer, and autophagy might be involved in the occurrence of chemotherapy resistance. Further analysis of the relationship between the expression of autophagy-related genes CDK9, ABCG2, and BECN1 and the clinical features and prognosis of colorectal cancer showed that the high expression of CDK9 indicated a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION This study laid the foundation for further research on the combination of CDK9 inhibitors and autophagy inhibitors in the treatment of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Infection Management, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Da-Lu Kong
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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Ouyang X, Li K, Wang J, Zhu W, Yi Q, Zhong J. HMGA2 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and is associated with tumor resistance and poor prognosis. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1271080. [PMID: 38304037 PMCID: PMC10830841 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1271080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), as one of the most prevalent malignancies in the head and neck region, still lacks a complete understanding of its pathogenesis. Presently, radiotherapy, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapy stand as the primary modalities for treating NPC. With advancements in medicine, the cure rates for nasopharyngeal carcinoma have been steadily increasing. Nevertheless, recurrence and metastasis persist as the primary reasons for treatment failure. Consequently, a profound exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, along with the exploration of corresponding therapeutic approaches, becomes particularly imperative in the quest for comprehensive solutions to combat this disease. High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a pivotal protein capable of altering chromatin structure, regulating gene expression, and influencing transcriptional activity. In the realm of cancer research, HMGA2 exhibits widespread dysregulation, playing a crucial role in nearly all malignant tumors. It is implicated in various tumorigenic processes, including cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Additionally, HMGA2 serves as a molecular marker and an independent prognostic factor in certain malignancies. Recent studies have increasingly unveiled the critical role of HMGA2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), particularly in promoting malignant progression, correlating with tumor resistance, and serving as an independent adverse prognostic factor. This review focuses on elucidating the oncogenic role of HMGA2 in NPC, suggesting its potential association with chemotherapy resistance in NPC, and proposing its candidacy as an independent factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kangxin Li
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weijian Zhu
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Yi
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinghua Zhong
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Liu J, Fu L, Yin F, Yin L, Song X, Guo H, Liu J. Diosmetin Maintains Barrier Integrity by Reducing the Expression of ABCG2 in Colonic Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37269551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a relapsing and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Recent advances have highlighted that dysfunction of the barrier function formed by a polarized monolayer of columnar epithelial cells plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of CD. At present, we reported that diosmetin increased cell viability by reducing the levels of TNFα and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated colonic epithelial Caco-2 cells. Meanwhile, diosmetin conferred a direct effect on maintaining barrier integrity by reducing epithelial permeability and increasing the expression of proteins associated with tight junctions, including zonula occludens-l (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1, in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells and in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced CD mice. Additionally, diosmetin decreased the protein content of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette efflux transporter G2 (ABCG2) in vitro and in vivo. Over-expression of ABCG2 had an important impact on the epithelial permeability and barrier-related protein levels induced by LPS in Caco-2 cells. At the same time, Ko143, a specific ABCG2 inhibitor, dramatically enhanced the role of diosmetin in ZO-1 and occludin proteins in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells. Mechanically, diosmetin significantly attenuated the role of LPS in the phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in Caco-2 cells. The AMPK inhibitor Compound C obviously prevented the effect of diosmetin on ZO-1 and occludin expression in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that AMPK/AKT/CREB-mediated ABCG2 expression plays a crucial role in diosmetin, improving the barrier dysfunction in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, People's Republic of China
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Babayeva M, Loewy ZG. Cannabis Pharmacogenomics: A Path to Personalized Medicine. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3479-3514. [PMID: 37185752 PMCID: PMC10137111 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis and related compounds have created significant research interest as a promising therapy in many disorders. However, the individual therapeutic effects of cannabinoids and the incidence of side effects are still difficult to determine. Pharmacogenomics may provide the answers to many questions and concerns regarding the cannabis/cannabinoid treatment and help us to understand the variability in individual responses and associated risks. Pharmacogenomics research has made meaningful progress in identifying genetic variations that play a critical role in interpatient variability in response to cannabis. This review classifies the current knowledge of pharmacogenomics associated with medical marijuana and related compounds and can assist in improving the outcomes of cannabinoid therapy and to minimize the adverse effects of cannabis use. Specific examples of pharmacogenomics informing pharmacotherapy as a path to personalized medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Babayeva
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zvi G Loewy
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Seydi H, Nouri K, Rezaei N, Tamimi A, Hassan M, Mirzaei H, Vosough M. Autophagy orchestrates resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114487. [PMID: 36963361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment resistance is one of the major barriers for therapeutic strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many studies have indicated that chemotherapy and radiotherapy induce autophagy machinery (cell protective autophagy) in HCC cells. In addition, many experiments report a remarkable crosstalk between treatment resistance and autophagy pathways. Thus, autophagy could be one of the key factors enabling tumor cells to hinder induced cell death after medical interventions. Therefore, extensive research on the molecular pathways involved in resistance induction and autophagy have been conducted to achieve the desired therapeutic response. The key molecular pathways related to the therapy resistance are TGF-β, MAPK, NRF2, NF-κB, and non-coding RNAs. In addition, EMT, drug transports, apoptosis evasion, DNA repair, cancer stem cells, and hypoxia could have considerable impact on the hepatoma cell's response to therapies. These mechanisms protect tumor cells against various treatments and many studies have shown that each of them is connected to the molecular pathways of autophagy induction in HCC. Hence, autophagy inhibition may be an effective strategy to improve therapeutic outcome in HCC patients. In this review, we further highlight how autophagy leads to poor response during treatment through a complex molecular network and how it enhances resistance in primary liver cancer. We propose that combinational regimens of approved HCC therapeutic protocols plus autophagy inhibitors may overcome drug resistance in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homeyra Seydi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kosar Nouri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Niloufar Rezaei
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Atena Tamimi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Constantinescu T, Mihis AG. Two Important Anticancer Mechanisms of Natural and Synthetic Chalcones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911595. [PMID: 36232899 PMCID: PMC9570335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G and tubulin pharmacological mechanisms decrease the effectiveness of anticancer drugs by modulating drug absorption and by creating tubulin assembly through polymerization. A series of natural and synthetic chalcones have been reported to have very good anticancer activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration lower than 1 µM. By modulation, it is observed in case of the first mechanism that methoxy substituents on the aromatic cycle of acetophenone residue and substitution of phenyl nucleus by a heterocycle and by methoxy or hydroxyl groups have a positive impact. To inhibit tubulin, compounds bind to colchicine binding site. Presence of methoxy groups, amino groups or heterocyclic substituents increase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Constantinescu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Grig Mihis
- Advanced Materials and Applied Technologies Laboratory, Institute of Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, “Babes-Bolyai” University, Fantanele Str. 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Lei Y, Chen L, Liu J, Zhong Y, Deng L. The MicroRNA-Based Strategies to Combat Cancer Chemoresistance via Regulating Autophagy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841625. [PMID: 35211417 PMCID: PMC8861360 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance frequently occurs in cancer treatment, which results in chemotherapy failure and is one of the most leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Understanding the mechanism of chemoresistance and exploring strategies to overcome chemoresistance have become an urgent need. Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degraded process in cells. The dual roles of autophagy (pro-death or pro-survival) have been implicated in cancers and chemotherapy. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small non-coding molecules that regulate autophagy at the post-transcriptional level in cancer cells. The association between miRNAs and autophagy in cancer chemoresistance has been emphasized. In this review, we focus on the dual roles of miRNA-mediated autophagy in facilitating or combating chemoresistance, aiming to shed lights on the potential role of miRNAs as targets to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Lei
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junshan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinqin Zhong
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Dysregulated Autophagy Leads to Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Expression of ABC Transporters in Women with Early Miscarriage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111742. [PMID: 34829614 PMCID: PMC8614945 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early miscarriage (EMC) is a devastating obstetrical complication. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate cholesterol transfer across the placenta and enhance cell survival by effluxing substrates from target cells in the presence of stressors. Recent evidence reports an intricate interplay between autophagy and ABC transporters. We hypothesized that dysregulated autophagy and oxidative stress (OS) in the placenta leads to abnormal expression of membrane transporters contributing to poor pregnancy survival in EMC. We determined mRNA and protein expression of autophagy genes (Beclin-1/Bcl-2/LC3I/LC3II/p62) and ABC transporters (ABCA1/ABCG1/ABCG2) in placentae from EMC patients (n = 20), term controls (n = 19), first trimester (n = 6), and term controls (n = 5) controls. Oxidative/antioxidant status and biomarkers of oxidative damage were evaluated in maternal serum and placentae from EMC and healthy controls. In EMC, placental expression of LC3II/LC3I as well as of the key autophagy regulatory proteins Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 were reduced, whereas p62 was increased. Both in the serum and placentae of EMC patients, total OS was elevated reflected by increased oxidative damage markers (8-OHdG/malondialdehyde/carbonyl formation) accompanied by diminished levels of total antioxidant status, catalase, and total glutathione. Furthermore, we found reduced ABCG1 and increased ABCG2 expression. These findings suggest that a decreased autophagy status triggers Bcl-2-dependent OS leading to macromolecule damage in EMC placentae. The decreased expression of ABCG1 contributes to reduced cholesterol export to the growing fetus. Increasing ABCG2 expression could represent a protective feedback mechanism under inhibited autophagy conditions. In conclusion, dysregulated autophagy combined with increased oxidative toxicity and aberrant expression of placental ABC transporters affects materno-fetal health in EMC.
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11
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Siri M, Behrouj H, Dastghaib S, Zamani M, Likus W, Rezaie S, Hudecki J, Khazayel S, Łos MJ, Mokarram P, Ghavami S. Casein Kinase-1-Alpha Inhibitor (D4476) Sensitizes Microsatellite Instable Colorectal Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil via Authophagy Flux Inhibition. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:26. [PMID: 34536148 PMCID: PMC8449776 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) does not improve survival of patients suffering from a form of colorectal cancer (CRC) characterized by high level of microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Given the importance of autophagy and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) proteins in chemotherapy resistance, as well as the role of casein kinase 1-alpha (CK1α) in the regulation of autophagy, we tested the combined effect of 5-FU and CK1α inhibitor (D4476) on HCT116 cells as a model of MSI-H colorectal cancer. To achieve this goal, the gene expression of Beclin1 and MDR genes, ABCG2 and ABCC3 were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We used immunoblotting to measure autophagy flux (LC3, p62) and flow cytometry to detect apoptosis. Our findings showed that combination treatment with 5-FU and D4476 inhibited autophagy flux. Moreover, 5-FU and D4476 combination therapy induced G2, S and G1 phase arrests and it depleted mRNA of both cell proliferation-related genes and MDR-related genes (ABCG2, cyclin D1 and c-myc). Hence, our data indicates that targeting of CK1α may increase the sensitivity of HCT116 cells to 5-FU. To our knowledge, this is the first description of sensitization of CRC cells to 5-FU chemotherapy by CK1α inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Behrouj
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Wirginia Likus
- Department of Anatomy, School of Health Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-762, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sedigheh Rezaie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jacek Hudecki
- Laryngology Department, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Saeed Khazayel
- Department of Research and Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marek J Łos
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pathology, Unii Lubelskiej 1, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-344, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 1167, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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12
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Xu S, Zhong Y, Nie C, Pan Y, Adeli M, Haag R. Co-Delivery of Doxorubicin and Chloroquine by Polyglycerol Functionalized MoS2 Nanosheets for Efficient Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100233. [PMID: 34411417 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
2D MoS2 has shown a great potential in biomedical applications, due to its superior loading capacity, photothermal property, and biodegradation. In this work, polyglycerol functionalized MoS2 nanosheets with photothermal and pH dual-stimuli responsive properties are used for the co-delivery of doxorubicin and chloroquine and treatment of multidrug-resistant HeLa (HeLa-R) cells. The polyglycerol functionalized MoS2 nanosheets with 80 nm average size show a high biocompatibility and loading efficiency (≈90%) for both drugs. The release of drugs from the nanosheets at pH 5.5 is significantly promoted by laser irradiation leading to efficient destruction of incubated HeLa-R cells. In vitro evaluation shows that the designed nanoplatform has a high ability to kill HeLa-R cells. Confocal experiments demonstrate that the synthesized drug delivery system enhances the cellular uptake of DOX via folic acid targeting ligand. Taking advantage of the combined properties including biocompatibility and targeting ability as well as high loading capacity and photothermal release, this multifunctional nanosystem is a promising candidate for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Xu
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Yinan Zhong
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Yuanwei Pan
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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13
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Ganguly S, Finkelstein D, Shaw TI, Michalek RD, Zorn KM, Ekins S, Yasuda K, Fukuda Y, Schuetz JD, Mukherjee K, Schuetz EG. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals endogenous substrates and metabolic adaptation in rats lacking Abcg2 and Abcb1a transporters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253852. [PMID: 34255797 PMCID: PMC8277073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abcg2/Bcrp and Abcb1a/Pgp are xenobiotic efflux transporters limiting substrate permeability in the gastrointestinal system and brain, and increasing renal and hepatic drug clearance. The systemic impact of Bcrp and Pgp ablation on metabolic homeostasis of endogenous substrates is incompletely understood. We performed untargeted metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, transcriptomics of brain, liver and kidney from male Sprague Dawley rats (WT) and Bcrp/Pgp double knock-out (dKO) rats, and integrated metabolomic/transcriptomic analysis to identify putative substrates and perturbations in canonical metabolic pathways. A predictive Bayesian machine learning model was used to predict in silico those metabolites with greater substrate-like features for either transporters. The CSF and plasma levels of 169 metabolites, nutrients, signaling molecules, antioxidants and lipids were significantly altered in dKO rats, compared to WT rats. These metabolite changes suggested alterations in histidine, branched chain amino acid, purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the dKO rats. Levels of methylated and sulfated metabolites and some primary bile acids were increased in dKO CSF or plasma. Elevated uric acid levels appeared to be a primary driver of changes in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. Alterations in Bcrp/Pgp dKO CSF levels of antioxidants, precursors of neurotransmitters, and uric acid suggests the transporters may contribute to the regulation of a healthy central nervous system in rats. Microbiome-generated metabolites were found to be elevated in dKO rat plasma and CSF. The altered dKO metabolome appeared to cause compensatory transcriptional change in urate biosynthesis and response to lipopolysaccharide in brain, oxidation-reduction processes and response to oxidative stress and porphyrin biosynthesis in kidney, and circadian rhythm genes in liver. These findings present insight into endogenous functions of Bcrp and Pgp, the impact that transporter substrates, inhibitors or polymorphisms may have on metabolism, how transporter inhibition could rewire drug sensitivity indirectly through metabolic changes, and identify functional Bcrp biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit Ganguly
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Track, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Timothy I. Shaw
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Kimberly M. Zorn
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kazuto Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yu Fukuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - John D. Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Erin G. Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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He Q, Li Z, Yin J, Li Y, Yin Y, Lei X, Zhu W. Prognostic Significance of Autophagy-Relevant Gene Markers in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:566539. [PMID: 33937013 PMCID: PMC8081889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.566539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant solid tumor with an extremely low survival rate after relapse. Previous investigations have shown that autophagy possesses a crucial function in tumors. However, there is no consensus on the value of autophagy-associated genes in predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. This work screens autophagy-related markers and signaling pathways that may participate in the development of CRC, and establishes a prognostic model of CRC based on autophagy-associated genes. Methods Gene transcripts from the TCGA database and autophagy-associated gene data from the GeneCards database were used to obtain expression levels of autophagy-associated genes, followed by Wilcox tests to screen for autophagy-related differentially expressed genes. Then, 11 key autophagy-associated genes were identified through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and used to establish prognostic models. Additionally, immunohistochemical and CRC cell line data were used to evaluate the results of our three autophagy-associated genes EPHB2, NOL3, and SNAI1 in TCGA. Based on the multivariate Cox analysis, risk scores were calculated and used to classify samples into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, risk profiling, and independent prognosis analysis were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to estimate the specificity and sensitivity of the prognostic model. Finally, GSEA, GO, and KEGG analysis were performed to identify the relevant signaling pathways. Results A total of 301 autophagy-related genes were differentially expressed in CRC. The areas under the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year receiver operating characteristic curves of the autophagy-based prognostic model for CRC were 0.764, 0.751, and 0.729, respectively. GSEA analysis of the model showed significant enrichment in several tumor-relevant pathways and cellular protective biological processes. The expression of EPHB2, IL-13, MAP2, RPN2, and TRAF5 was correlated with microsatellite instability (MSI), while the expression of IL-13, RPN2, and TRAF5 was related to tumor mutation burden (TMB). GO analysis showed that the 11 target autophagy genes were chiefly enriched in mRNA processing, RNA splicing, and regulation of the mRNA metabolic process. KEGG analysis showed enrichment mainly in spliceosomes. We constructed a prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-related genes in CRC. Conclusion A prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-associated genes was constructed in CRC. The new model suggests directions and ideas for evaluating prognosis and provides guidance to choose better treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinbao Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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15
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Chiabrando D, Fiorito V, Petrillo S, Bertino F, Tolosano E. HEME: a neglected player in nociception? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:124-136. [PMID: 33545213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of pain, current management of pain syndromes is still unsatisfactory. The recent discovery of novel pathways associated with pain insensitivity in humans represents a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge on the pathophysiology of pain. Heme metabolism recently emerged as a crucial regulator of nociception. Of note, alteration of heme metabolism has been associated with pain insensitivity as well as with acute and chronic pain in porphyric neuropathy and hemolytic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms linking heme to the pain pathways still remain unclear. The review focuses on the major heme-regulated processes relevant for sensory neurons' maintenance, peripheral and central sensitization as well as for pain comorbidities, like anxiety and depression. By discussing the body of knowledge on the topic, we provide a novel perspective on the molecular mechanisms linking heme to nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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16
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Khunweeraphong N, Mitchell-White J, Szöllősi D, Hussein T, Kuchler K, Kerr ID, Stockner T, Lee JY. Picky ABCG5/G8 and promiscuous ABCG2 - a tale of fatty diets and drug toxicity. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4035-4058. [PMID: 32978801 PMCID: PMC7756502 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Structural data on ABCG5/G8 and ABCG2 reveal a unique molecular architecture for subfamily G ATP‐binding cassette (ABCG) transporters and disclose putative substrate‐binding sites. ABCG5/G8 and ABCG2 appear to use several unique structural motifs to execute transport, including the triple helical bundles, the membrane‐embedded polar relay, the re‐entry helices, and a hydrophobic valve. Interestingly, ABCG2 shows extreme substrate promiscuity, whereas ABCG5/G8 transports only sterol molecules. ABCG2 structures suggest a large internal cavity, serving as a binding region for substrates and inhibitors, while mutational and pharmacological analyses support the notion of multiple binding sites. By contrast, ABCG5/G8 shows a collapsed cavity of insufficient size to hold substrates. Indeed, mutational analyses indicate a sterol‐binding site at the hydrophobic interface between the transporter and the lipid bilayer. In this review, we highlight key differences and similarities between ABCG2 and ABCG5/G8 structures. We further discuss the relevance of distinct and shared structural features in the context of their physiological functions. Finally, we elaborate on how ABCG2 and ABCG5/G8 could pave the way for studies on other ABCG transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narakorn Khunweeraphong
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,CCRI-St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - James Mitchell-White
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dániel Szöllősi
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Toka Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jyh-Yeuan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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17
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Niu Y, Yang X, Chen Y, Jin X, Li L, Guo Y, Li X, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Wang H. EVI1 induces autophagy to promote drug resistance via regulation of ATG7 expression in leukemia cells. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:961-971. [PMID: 31593983 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) is an oncogenic transcription factor, which is abnormally expressed in myeloid leukemia and other several solid cancers. It is associated with short survival as well as anticancer drug resistance. Autophagy is a protective mechanism that promotes cancer cell growth and survival under stressed conditions including clinical drug treatment. Here evidences are provided that EVI1 induces autophagy and mediated drug resistance in myeloid leukemia cells. Both knockdown using RNAi and pharmacological inhibition of autophagy significantly increase sensitivity to cytotoxic drug treatment in EVI1high cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that EVI1 regulated autophagy by directly binding to autophagy-related gene autophagy related 7 (ATG7) promoter and transcriptionally upregulating its expression. Notably, ATG7 expression was positively correlated with EVI1 in bone marrow mononuclear cells from myeloid leukemia patients. Acute myeloid leukemia patients with high level of EVI1 are associated with unfavorable overall survival, which was aggravated by simultaneous high expression of ATG7 in these patients. Furthermore, ChIP and firefly luciferase reporter assay identified an EVI1-binding site at 227 upstream promoter region of ATG7 which regulated its transcription. In addition, enforced expression of EVI1 also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and ATG7 mRNA levels as well as autophagy activity, whereas the increase was attenuated after treatment with reactive oxygen species scavenger, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in EVI1-induced autophagy. These findings demonstrate that EVI protects myeloid leukemia cell from anticancer drug treatment by inducing autophagy through dual control of ATG7. These results might present a new therapeutic approach for improving treatment outcome in myelogenous leukemia with EVI1high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinyue Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yilin Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xuelu Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yecheng Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
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18
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The p53-53BP1-Related Survival of A549 and H1299 Human Lung Cancer Cells after Multifractionated Radiotherapy Demonstrated Different Response to Additional Acute X-ray Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093342. [PMID: 32397297 PMCID: PMC7246764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the main methods of treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the resistance of tumor cells to exposure remains the main factor that limits successful therapeutic outcome. To study the molecular/cellular mechanisms of increased resistance of NSCLC to ionizing radiation (IR) exposure, we compared A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-deficient) cells, the two NSCLC cell lines. Using fractionated X-ray irradiation of these cells at a total dose of 60 Gy, we obtained the survived populations and named them A549IR and H1299IR, respectively. Further characterization of these cells showed multiple alterations compared to parental NSCLC cells. The additional 2 Gy exposure led to significant changes in the kinetics of γH2AX and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (pATM) foci numbers in A549IR and H1299IR compared to parental NSCLC cells. Whereas A549, A549IR, and H1299 cells demonstrated clear two-component kinetics of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, H1299IR showed slower kinetics of γH2AX foci disappearance with the presence of around 50% of the foci 8 h post-IR. The character of H2AX phosphorylation in these cells was pATM-independent. A decrease of residual γH2AX/53BP1 foci number was observed in both A549IR and H1299IR compared to parental cells post-IR at extra doses of 2, 4, and 6 Gy. This process was accompanied with the changes in the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2, also designated as CDw338 and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)) protein. Our study provides strong evidence that different DNA repair mechanisms are activated by multifraction radiotherapy (MFR), as well as single-dose IR, and that the enhanced cellular survival after MFR is reliant on both p53 and 53BP1 signaling along with non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Our results are of clinical significance as they can guide the choice of the most effective IR regimen by analyzing the expression status of the p53–53BP1 pathway in tumors and thereby maximize therapeutic benefits for the patients while minimizing collateral damage to normal tissue.
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19
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Hwang SH, Yeom H, Lee M. ATG5 knockout promotes paclitaxel sensitivity in drug-resistant cells via induction of necrotic cell death. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:233-240. [PMID: 32392914 PMCID: PMC7193914 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy regulators are often effective as potential cancer therapeutic agents. Here, we investigated paclitaxel sensitivity in cells with knockout (KO) of ATG5 gene. The ATG5 KO in multidrug resistant v-Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells (Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr) was generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The qPCR and LC3 immunoblot confirmed knockout of the gene and protein of ATG5, respectively. The ATG5 KO restored the sensitivity of Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cells to paclitaxel. Interestingly, ATG5 overexpression restored autophagy function in ATG5 KO cells, but failed to rescue paclitaxel resistance. These results raise the possibility that low level of resistance to paclitaxel in ATG5 KO cells may be related to other roles of ATG5 independent of its function in autophagy. The ATG5 KO significantly induced a G2/M arrest in cell cycle progression. Additionally, ATG5 KO caused necrosis of a high proportion of cells after paclitaxel treatment. These data suggest that the difference in sensitivity to paclitaxel between ATG5 KO and their parental MDR cells may result from the disparity in the proportions of necrotic cells in both populations. Thus, our results demonstrate that the ATG5 KO in paclitaxel resistant cells leads to a marked G2/M arrest and sensitizes cells to paclitaxel-induced necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Hojin Yeom
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- INU Human Genome Research Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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20
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Nakashima A, Ichida K, Ohkido I, Yokoyama K, Matsuo H, Ohashi Y, Takada T, Nakayama A, Suzuki H, Shinomiya N, Urashima M, Yokoo T. Dysfunctional ABCG2 gene polymorphisms are associated with serum uric acid levels and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. Hum Cell 2020; 33:559-568. [PMID: 32180207 PMCID: PMC7324430 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional variants of ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), a urate transporter in the kidney and intestine, are the major causes of hyperuricemia and gout. A recent study found that ABCG2 is a major transporter of uremic toxins; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between ABCG2 gene polymorphisms and mortality. This prospective cohort study of 1214 hemodialysis patients investigated the association between serum uric acid levels and ABCG2 genotype and mortality. Genotyping of dysfunctional ABCG2 variants, Q126X (rs72552713) and Q141K (rs2231142), was performed using the patients’ DNA. During the study period, 220 patients died. Lower serum uric acid levels were associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–3.10, P ≤ 0.001). ABCG2 dysfunction, estimated by genetic variants, had a significant positive association with serum uric acid levels (full function: 7.4 ± 1.2 mg/dl, 3/4 function: 7.9 ± 1.3 mg/dl, 1/2 function: 8.2 ± 1.4 mg/dl, ≤ 1/4 function: 8.7 ± 1.3 mg/dl, P ≤ 0.001). This association remained significant on multiple regression analysis. The Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated that the ABCG2 ≤ 1/4 function type was significantly associated with higher mortality (HR 6.66, 95% CI 2.49 to 17.8, P ≤ 0.001) than the other function types. These results showed that ABCG2 plays a physiologically important role in uric acid excretion, and that ABCG2 dysfunction is a risk factor for mortality in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Nakashima
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Ichida
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Ohkido
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yokoyama
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohashi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nakayama
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nariyoshi Shinomiya
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Urashima
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Gorczyca L, Aleksunes LM. Transcription factor-mediated regulation of the BCRP/ ABCG2 efflux transporter: a review across tissues and species. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:239-253. [PMID: 32077332 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1732348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transporters. Using the energy garnered from the hydrolysis of ATP, BCRP actively removes drugs and endogenous molecules from the cell. With broad expression across the liver, kidney, brain, placenta, testes, and small intestines, BCRP can impact the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of xenobiotics.Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to summarize the transcriptional signaling pathways that regulate BCRP expression across various tissues and mammalian species. We will cover the endobiotic- and xenobiotic-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression and activity of BCRP. These include the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, nuclear factor e2-related factor 2, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.Expert opinion: Key transcription factors regulate BCRP expression and function in response to hormones and xenobiotics. Understanding this regulation provides an opportunity to improve pharmacotherapeutic outcomes by enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of drugs that are substrates of this efflux transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik Gorczyca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Division of Toxicology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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22
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Wrigley R, Phipps-Green AJ, Topless RK, Major TJ, Cadzow M, Riches P, Tausche AK, Janssen M, Joosten LAB, Jansen TL, So A, Harré Hindmarsh J, Stamp LK, Dalbeth N, Merriman TR. Pleiotropic effect of the ABCG2 gene in gout: involvement in serum urate levels and progression from hyperuricemia to gout. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:45. [PMID: 32164793 PMCID: PMC7069001 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-2136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ABCG2 Q141K (rs2231142) and rs10011796 variants associate with hyperuricaemia (HU). The effect size of ABCG2 rs2231142 on urate is ~ 60% that of SLC2A9, yet the effect size on gout is greater. We tested the hypothesis that ABCG2 plays a role in the progression from HU to gout by testing for association of ABCG2 rs2231142 and rs10011796 with gout using HU controls. Methods We analysed 1699 European gout cases and 14,350 normouricemic (NU) and HU controls, and 912 New Zealand (NZ) Polynesian (divided into Eastern and Western Polynesian) gout cases and 696 controls. Association testing was performed using logistic and linear regression with multivariate adjusting for confounding variables. Results In Europeans and Polynesians, the ABCG2 141K (T) allele was associated with gout using HU controls (OR = 1.85, P = 3.8E− 21 and ORmeta = 1.85, P = 1.3E− 03, respectively). There was evidence for an effect of 141K in determining HU in European (OR = 1.56, P = 1.7E− 18) but not in Polynesian (ORmeta = 1.49, P = 0.057). For SLC2A9 rs11942223, the T allele associated with gout in the presence of HU in European (OR = 1.37, P = 4.7E− 06), however significantly weaker than ABCG2 rs2231142 141K (PHet = 0.0023). In Western Polynesian and European, there was epistatic interaction between ABCG2 rs2231142 and rs10011796. Combining the presence of the 141K allele with the rs10011796 CC-genotype increased gout risk, in the presence of HU, 21.5-fold in Western Polynesian (P = 0.009) and 2.6-fold in European (P = 9.9E− 06). The 141K allele of ABCG2 associated with increased gout flare frequency in Polynesian (Pmeta = 2.5E− 03). Conclusion These data are consistent with a role for ABCG2 141K in gout in the presence of established HU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Wrigley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Ruth K Topless
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tanya J Major
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Murray Cadzow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philip Riches
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne-Kathrin Tausche
- Department of Rheumatology, University Clinic "Carl-Gustav-Carus", Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthijs Janssen
- Department of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tim L Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander So
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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23
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Horsey AJ, Briggs DA, Holliday ND, Briddon SJ, Kerr ID. Application of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to study substrate binding in styrene maleic acid lipid copolymer encapsulated ABCG2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183218. [PMID: 32057756 PMCID: PMC7156912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABCG2 is one of a trio of human ATP binding cassette transporters that have the ability to bind and transport a diverse array of chemical substrates out of cells. This so-called "multidrug" transport has numerous physiological consequences including effects on how drugs are absorbed into and eliminated from the body. Understanding how ABCG2 is able to interact with multiple drug substrates remains an important goal in transporter biology. Most drugs are believed to interact with ABCG2 through the hydrophobic lipid bilayer and experimental systems for ABCG2 study need to incorporate this. We have exploited styrene maleic acid to solubilise ABCG2 from HEK293T cells overexpressing the transporter, and confirmed by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) that this results in the extraction of SMA lipid copolymer (SMALP) particles that are uniform in size and contain a dimer of ABCG2, which is the predominant physiological state. FCS was further employed to measure the diffusion of a fluorescent ABCG2 substrate (BODIPY-prazosin) in the presence and absence of SMALP particles of purified ABCG2. Autocorrelation analysis of FCS traces enabled the mathematical separation of free BODIPY-prazosin from drug bound to ABCG2 and allowed us to show that combining SMALP extraction with FCS can be used to study specific drug: transporter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Horsey
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Deborah A Briggs
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nicholas D Holliday
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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24
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Kapoor P, Briggs DA, Cox MH, Kerr ID. Disruption of the Unique ABCG-Family NBD:NBD Interface Impacts Both Drug Transport and ATP Hydrolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030759. [PMID: 31979415 PMCID: PMC7037313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 is one of a triumvirate of human multidrug ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters that are implicated in the defense of cells and tissues against cytotoxic chemicals, but these transporters can also confer chemotherapy resistance states in oncology. Understanding the mechanism of ABCG2 is thus imperative if we are to be able to counter its deleterious activity. The structure of ABCG2 and its related family members (ABCG5/G8) demonstrated that there were two interfaces between the nucleotide binding domains (NBD). In addition to the canonical ATP “sandwich-dimer” interface, there was a second contact region between residues at the C-terminus of the NBD. We investigated this second interface by making mutations to a series of residues that are in close interaction with the opposite NBD. Mutated ABCG2 isoforms were expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells and analysed for targeting to the membrane, drug transport, and ATPase activity. Mutations to this second interface had a number of effects on ABCG2, including altered drug specificity, altered drug transport, and, in two mutants, a loss of ATPase activity. The results demonstrate that this region is particularly sensitive to mutation and can impact not only direct, local NBD events (i.e., ATP hydrolysis) but also the allosteric communication to the transmembrane domains and drug transport.
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25
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Autophagy: A novel mechanism of chemoresistance in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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26
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Mishra J, Simonsen R, Kumar N. Intestinal breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) requires Janus kinase 3 activity for drug efflux and barrier functions in obesity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18337-18348. [PMID: 31653704 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a member of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins whose primary function is to efflux substrates bound to the plasma membrane. Impaired intestinal barrier functions play a major role in chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI)-associated obesity, but the regulation of BCRP during obesity and its role in maintaining the intestinal barrier function during CLGI-associated obesity are unknown. In the present study, using several approaches, including efflux assays, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, paracellular permeability assay, FACS, cytokine assay, and immunofluorescence microscopy, we report that obese individuals have compromised intestinal BCRP functions and that diet-induced obese mice recapitulate these outcomes. We demonstrate that the compromised BCRP functions during obesity are because of loss of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3)-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of BCRP. Our results indicate that JAK3-mediated phosphorylation of BCRP promotes its interactions with membrane-localized β-catenin essential not only for BCRP expression and surface localization, but also for the maintenance of BCRP-mediated intestinal drug efflux and barrier functions. We observed that reduced intestinal JAK3 expression during human obesity or JAK3 knockout in mouse or siRNA-mediated β-catenin knockdown in human intestinal epithelial cells all result in significant loss of intestinal BCRP expression and compromised colonic drug efflux and barrier functions. Our results uncover a mechanism of BCRP-mediated intestinal drug efflux and barrier functions and establish a role for BCRP in preventing CLGI-associated obesity both in humans and in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas 78363.
| | | | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas 78363
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27
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Wang Z, Ma T, Huang Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Kistler HC, Ma Z, Yin Y. A fungal ABC transporter FgAtm1 regulates iron homeostasis via the transcription factor cascade FgAreA-HapX. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007791. [PMID: 31545842 PMCID: PMC6788720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is important for growth, reproduction and other metabolic processes in all eukaryotes. However, the functions of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in iron homeostasis are largely unknown. Here, we found that one ABC transporter (named FgAtm1) is involved in regulating iron homeostasis, by screening sensitivity to iron stress for 60 ABC transporter mutants of Fusarium graminearum, a devastating fungal pathogen of small grain cereal crops worldwide. The lack of FgAtm1 reduces the activity of cytosolic Fe-S proteins nitrite reductase and xanthine dehydrogenase, which causes high expression of FgHapX via activating transcription factor FgAreA. FgHapX represses transcription of genes for iron-consuming proteins directly but activates genes for iron acquisition proteins by suppressing another iron regulator FgSreA. In addition, the transcriptional activity of FgHapX is regulated by the monothiol glutaredoxin FgGrx4. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of FgHapX, mediated by the Ser/Thr kinase FgYak1, is required for its functions in iron homeostasis. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism of iron homeostasis mediated by an ABC transporter in an important pathogenic fungus. Essential element iron plays important roles in many cellular processes in all organisms. The function of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter Atm1 in iron homeostasis has been characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our study found that FgAtm1 regulates iron homeostasis via the transcription factor cascade FgAreA-HapX in F. graminearum and the function of FgHapX is dependent on its interaction with FgGrx4 and phosphorylation by the Ser/Thr kinase FgYak1. This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of iron homeostasis in an important plant pathogenic fungus, and advances our understanding in iron homeostasis and functions of ABC transporters in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - H. Corby Kistler
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZM); (YY)
| | - Yanni Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZM); (YY)
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28
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Lowrence RC, Subramaniapillai SG, Ulaganathan V, Nagarajan S. Tackling drug resistance with efflux pump inhibitors: from bacteria to cancerous cells. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:334-353. [PMID: 31248314 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1607248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a serious concern in a clinical setting jeopardizing treatment for both infectious agents and cancers alike. The wide-spread emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes from bacteria to cancerous cells necessitates the need to target resistance mechanisms and prevent the emergence of resistant mutants. Drug efflux seems to be one of the preferred approaches embraced by both microbial and mammalian cells alike, to thwart the action of chemotherapeutic agents thereby leading to a drug resistant phenotype. Relative to microbes, which predominantly employs proton motive force (PMF) powered, Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS)/Resistance Nodulation and Division (RND) classes of efflux pumps to efflux drugs, cancerous cells preferentially use ATP fuelled ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters to extrude chemotherapeutic agents. The prevalence, evolutionary characteristics and overlapping functions of ABC transporters have been highlighted in this review. Additionally, we outline the role of ABC pumps in conferring MDR phenotype to both bacteria and cancerous cells and underscore the importance of efflux pump inhibitors (EPI) to mitigate drug resistance. Based on the literature reports and analysis, we reason out feasibility of employing bacteria as a tool to screen for EPI's targeting ABC pumps of cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Christena Lowrence
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | | | | | - Saisubramanian Nagarajan
- c Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University , Thanjavur , India
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29
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The effect of medicinal plants on multiple drug resistance through autophagy: A review of in vitro studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:244-253. [PMID: 30965056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) often occurs after prolonged chemotherapy, leading to refractory tumor and cancer recurrence. Autophagy as a primarily process during starvation or stress has a bipolar nature in cancer. It can cause MDR to become more difficult or make resistant cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapeutic agents. A number of natural products have been introduced to drug discovery for many years. Some of these compounds have been shown to reverse drug resistance by different regulatory mechanisms. In this review, the focus is on the role of medicinal plants in the MDR phenomenon, primarily through the autophagy process.
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30
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ABCG2: does resolving its structure elucidate the mechanism? Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1485-1494. [PMID: 30464049 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABCG2 is one of a few human membrane transporters which display the amazing ability to transport multiple different chemicals out of cells. These multidrug pumps, which have orthologues in all organisms, are important in humans in the context of drug pharmacokinetics, especially with respect to resistance to chemotherapy. In 2016, we presented a mini-review on ABCG2 which identified many areas of exciting research progress as well as many areas of frustrating ignorance. Just 2 years on the field has advanced, particularly with respect to structural biology as the cryo-electron microscopy revolution has brought us new insights into the structure and mechanism of ABCG2. In this update, we evaluate the degree to which new data have enhanced our understanding of the structure and mechanism of ABCG2 and whether we are now in a position to translate some of these findings into inhibitor design and development.
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31
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Folkerts H, Hilgendorf S, Vellenga E, Bremer E, Wiersma VR. The multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer and the microenvironment. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:517-560. [PMID: 30302772 PMCID: PMC6585651 DOI: 10.1002/med.21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a crucial recycling process that is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in cancer initiation, cancer (stem) cell maintenance as well as the development of resistance to cancer therapy in both solid and hematological malignancies. Furthermore, it is being recognized that autophagy also plays a crucial and sometimes opposing role in the complex cancer microenvironment. For instance, autophagy in stromal cells such as fibroblasts contributes to tumorigenesis by generating and supplying nutrients to cancerous cells. Reversely, autophagy in immune cells appears to contribute to tumor‐localized immune responses and among others regulates antigen presentation to and by immune cells. Autophagy also directly regulates T and natural killer cell activity and is required for mounting T‐cell memory responses. Thus, within the tumor microenvironment autophagy has a multifaceted role that, depending on the context, may help drive tumorigenesis or may help to support anticancer immune responses. This multifaceted role should be taken into account when designing autophagy‐based cancer therapeutics. In this review, we provide an overview of the diverse facets of autophagy in cancer cells and nonmalignant cells in the cancer microenvironment. Second, we will attempt to integrate and provide a unified view of how these various aspects can be therapeutically exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Folkerts
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Hilgendorf
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie R Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Heyes N, Kapoor P, Kerr ID. Polymorphisms of the Multidrug Pump ABCG2: A Systematic Review of Their Effect on Protein Expression, Function, and Drug Pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1886-1899. [PMID: 30266733 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread expression and polyspecificity of the multidrug ABCG2 efflux transporter make it an important determinant of the pharmacokinetics of a variety of substrate drugs. Null ABCG2 expression has been linked to the Junior blood group. Polymorphisms affecting the expression or function of ABCG2 may have clinically important roles in drug disposition and efficacy. The most well-studied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Q141K (421C>A), is shown to decrease ABCG2 expression and activity, resulting in increased total drug exposure and decreased resistance to various substrates. The effect of Q141K can be rationalized by inspection of the ABCG2 structure, and the effects of this SNP on protein processing may make it a target for pharmacological intervention. The V12M SNP (34G>A) appears to improve outcomes in cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but the reasons for this are yet to be established, and this residue's role in the mechanism of the protein is unexplored by current biochemical and structural approaches. Research into the less-common polymorphisms is confined to in vitro studies, with several polymorphisms shown to decrease resistance to anticancer agents such as SN-38 and mitoxantrone. In this review, we present a systematic analysis of the effects of ABCG2 polymorphisms on ABCG2 function and drug pharmacokinetics. Where possible, we use recent structural advances to present a molecular interpretation of the effects of SNPs and indicate where we need further in vitro experiments to fully resolve how SNPs impact ABCG2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Heyes
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Parth Kapoor
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Yin Y, Wang Z, Cheng D, Chen X, Chen Y, Ma Z. The ATP-binding protein FgArb1 is essential for penetration, infectious and normal growth of Fusarium graminearum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1447-1466. [PMID: 29932228 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters act mainly to transport compounds across cellular membranes and are important for diverse biological processes. However, their roles in pathogenesis have not been well-characterized in Fusarium graminearum. Sixty F. graminearum ABC protein genes were functionally characterized. Among them, FgArb1 regulates normal growth and importantly is essential for pathogenicity. Thus, the regulatory mechanisms of FgArb1 in pathogenicity were analyzed in this study. FgArb1 interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) FgSte7, and partially modulates plant penetration by regulating the phosphorylation of FgGpmk1 (the downstream kinase of FgSte7). The FgArb1 mutant exhibited dramatically reduced infective growth within wounded host tissues, likely resulting from its increased sensitivity to oxidative stresses, defective cell wall integrity and reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) production. FgArb1 also is important for the production of sexual and asexual spores that are important propagules for plant infection. In addition, FgArb1 is involved in the regulation of protein biosynthesis through impeding nuclear export of small ribosomal subunit. Finally, acetylation modification at sites K28, K65, K341 and K525 in FgArb1 is required for its biological functions. Taken together, results of this study provide a novel insight into functions of the ABC transporter in fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danni Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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34
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Panayotopoulou EG, Müller AK, Börries M, Busch H, Hu G, Lev S. Targeting of apoptotic pathways by SMAC or BH3 mimetics distinctly sensitizes paclitaxel-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45088-45104. [PMID: 28187446 PMCID: PMC5542169 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard chemotherapy is the only systemic treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and despite the good initial response, resistance remains a major therapeutic obstacle. Here, we employed a High-Throughput Screen to identify targeted therapies that overcome chemoresistance in TNBC. We applied short-term paclitaxel treatment and screened 320 small-molecule inhibitors of known targets to identify drugs that preferentially and efficiently target paclitaxel-treated TNBC cells. Among these compounds the SMAC mimetics (BV6, Birinapant) and BH3-mimetics (ABT-737/263) were recognized as potent targeted therapy for multiple paclitaxel-residual TNBC cell lines. However, acquired paclitaxel resistance through repeated paclitaxel pulses result in desensitization to BV6, but not to ABT-263, suggesting that short- and long-term paclitaxel resistance are mediated by distinct mechanisms. Gene expression profiling of paclitaxel-residual, -resistant and naïve MDA-MB-231 cells demonstrated that paclitaxel-residual, as opposed to -resistant cells, were characterized by an apoptotic signature, with downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes (BCL2, BIRC5), induction of apoptosis inducers (IL24, PDCD4), and enrichment of TNFα/NF-κB pathway, including upregulation of TNFSF15, coupled with cell-cycle arrest. BIRC5 and FOXM1 downregulation and IL24 induction was also evident in breast cancer patient datasets following taxane treatment. Exposure of naïve or paclitaxel-resistant cells to supernatants of paclitaxel-residual cells sensitized them to BV6, and treatment with TNFα enhanced BV6 potency, suggesting that sensitization to BV6 is mediated, at least partially, by secreted factor(s). Our results suggest that administration of SMAC or BH3 mimetics following short-term paclitaxel treatment could be an effective therapeutic strategy for TNBC, while only BH3-mimetics could effectively overcome long-term paclitaxel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna-Katharina Müller
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Melanie Börries
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Albert Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Albert Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guohong Hu
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sima Lev
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Wang F, Chen J, Zhang Z, Yi J, Yuan M, Wang M, Zhang N, Qiu X, Wei H, Wang L. Differences of basic and induced autophagic activity between K562 and K562/ADM cells. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2017; 6:281-290. [PMID: 29259857 PMCID: PMC5735282 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2017.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often have a poor prognosis due to drug resistance, which is regarded as a tough problem during the period of clinical therapeutics. It has been reported that autophagy, an important event in various cellular processes, plays a crucial role in mediating drug-resistance to cancer cells. Our study attempts to comparatively investigate the differences of basic and induced autophagic activity between drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant AML cells. The level of basic autophagy in K562/ADM cells was higher than that in K562 cells, which could be characterized by more cytosolic contents-packaged autophagic vacuoles in K562/ADM cells when compared to that in K562 cells. The observation of MDC staining showed that the fluorescent intensity of autophagosomes in K562/ADM cells was stronger than that in K562 cells. The expression of Beclin1 and the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I were distinctly higher in K562/ADM cells, however, P62 protein was relatively lower in K562/ADM cells. Furthermore, we found that nutrient depletion could induce autophagic activity of both cell lines. However, autophagic activity of K562/ADM cells was always maintained at a higher level in contrast with K562 cells. ADM (Adriamycin) was also capable of inducing autophagic activity of K562 and K562/ADM cells, but the autophagic alteration in K562 cells appeared earlier. Taken together, our findings suggest that autophagy exerts an important effect on formation and maintenance of drug-resistance in AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhewen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Juan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Minmin Yuan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hulai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Dr. Hulai Wei, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu Province, China. E-mail:
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Ling Wang, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China. E-mail:
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Abdel-Aziz AK, Abdel-Naim AB, Shouman S, Minucci S, Elgendy M. From Resistance to Sensitivity: Insights and Implications of Biphasic Modulation of Autophagy by Sunitinib. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:718. [PMID: 29066973 PMCID: PMC5641351 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib, a multityrosine kinase inhibitor, is currently the standard first-line therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and is also used in treating patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Nevertheless, most patients eventually relapse secondary to intrinsic or acquired sunitinib resistance. Autophagy has been reported to contribute to both chemo-sensitivity and -resistance. However, over the last few years, controversial regulatory effects of sunitinib on autophagy have been reported. Since gaining insights into the underlying molecular insights and clinical implications is indispensible for achieving optimum therapeutic response, this minireview article sheds light on the role of a network of prosurvival signaling pathways recently identified as key mediators of sunitinib resistance with established and emerging functions as autophagy regulators. Furthermore, we underscore putative prognostic biomarkers of sunitinib responsiveness that could guide clinicians toward patient stratification and more individualized therapy. Importantly, innovative therapeutic strategies/approaches to overcome sunitinib resistance both evaluated in preclinical studies and perspective clinical trials are discussed which could ultimately be translated to better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia Shouman
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohamed Elgendy
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Manzano JI, Perea A, León-Guerrero D, Campos-Salinas J, Piacenza L, Castanys S, Gamarro F. Leishmania LABCG1 and LABCG2 transporters are involved in virulence and oxidative stress: functional linkage with autophagy. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:267. [PMID: 28558770 PMCID: PMC5450059 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The G subfamily of ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters of Leishmania include 6 genes (ABCG1-G6), some with relevant biological functions associated with drug resistance and phospholipid transport. Several studies have shown that Leishmania LABCG2 transporter plays a role in the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), in virulence and in resistance to antimonials. However, the involvement of this transporter in other key biological processes has not been studied. Methods To better understand the biological function of LABCG2 and its nearly identical tandem-repeated transporter LABCG1, we have generated Leishmania major null mutant parasites for both genes (ΔLABCG1-2). NBD-PS uptake, infectivity, metacyclogenesis, autophagy and thiols were measured. Results Leishmania major ΔLABCG1-2 parasites present a reduction in NBD-PS uptake, infectivity and virulence. In addition, we have shown that ΔLABCG1-2 parasites in stationary phase growth underwent less metacyclogenesis and presented differences in the plasma membrane’s lipophosphoglycan composition. Considering that autophagy is an important process in terms of parasite virulence and cell differentiation, we have shown an autophagy defect in ΔLABCG1-2 parasites, detected by monitoring expression of the autophagosome marker RFP-ATG8. This defect correlates with increased levels of reactive oxygen species and higher non-protein thiol content in ΔLABCG1-2 parasites. HPLC analysis revealed that trypanothione and glutathione were the main molecules accumulated in these ΔLABCG1-2 parasites. The decrease in non-protein thiol levels due to preincubation with buthionine sulphoximide (a γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor) restored the autophagy process in ΔLABCG1-2 parasites, indicating a relationship between autophagy and thiol content. Conclusions LABCG1-2 transporters from Leishmania could be considered as phosphatidylserine and non-protein thiol transporters. They probably accomplish transportation in conjunction with other molecules that are involved in oxidative stress, autophagy, metacyclogenesis and infectivity processes. The overall conclusion is that LABCG1-2 transporters could play a key role in Leishmania cell survival and infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Manzano
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Perea
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - David León-Guerrero
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Jenny Campos-Salinas
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucia Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Castanys
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco Gamarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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Cleophas MC, Joosten LA, Stamp LK, Dalbeth N, Woodward OM, Merriman TR. ABCG2 polymorphisms in gout: insights into disease susceptibility and treatment approaches. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2017; 10:129-142. [PMID: 28461764 PMCID: PMC5404803 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the association of a common polymorphism (rs2231142, Q141K) in the ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2) transporter with serum urate concentration in a genome-wide association study, it was revealed that ABCG2 is an important uric acid transporter. This review discusses the relevance of ABCG2 polymorphisms in gout, possible etiological mechanisms, and treatment approaches. The 141K ABCG2 urate-increasing variant causes instability in the nucleotide-binding domain, leading to decreased surface expression and function. Trafficking of the protein to the cell membrane is altered, and instead, there is an increased ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of the variant protein as well as sequestration into aggresomes. In humans, this leads to decreased uric acid excretion through both the kidney and the gut with the potential for a subsequent compensatory increase in renal urinary excretion. Not only does the 141K polymorphism in ABCG2 lead to hyperuricemia through renal overload and renal underexcretion, but emerging evidence indicates that it also increases the risk of acute gout in the presence of hyperuricemia, early onset of gout, tophi formation, and a poor response to allopurinol. In addition, there is some evidence that ABCG2 dysfunction may promote renal dysfunction in chronic kidney disease patients, increase systemic inflammatory responses, and decrease cellular autophagic responses to stress. These results suggest multiple benefits in restoring ABCG2 function. It has been shown that decreased ABCG2 141K surface expression and function can be restored with colchicine and other small molecule correctors. However, caution should be exercised in any application of these approaches given the role of surface ABCG2 in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cleophas
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L A Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - L K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch
| | - N Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - O M Woodward
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Hussein N, Amawi H, Karthikeyan C, Hall FS, Mittal R, Trivedi P, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK. The dopamine D 3 receptor antagonists PG01037, NGB2904, SB277011A, and U99194 reverse ABCG2 transporter-mediated drug resistance in cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:167-180. [PMID: 28323029 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ATP - binding cassette (ABC) family G2 (ABCG2) transporters are known to produce multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, thereby limiting the clinical response to chemotherapy. Molecular modeling data indicated that certain dopamine (DA) D3 receptor antagonists had a significant binding affinity for ABCG2 transporter. Therefore, in this in vitro study, we determined the effect of the D3 receptor antagonists PG01037, NGB2904, SB277011A, and U99194 on MDR resulting from the overexpression of ABCG2 transporters. The D3 receptor antagonists, at concentrations >100 μM, did not significantly affect the viability of H460-MX20, S1M1-80, A549-MX10 or wild type ABCG2 overexpressing (HEK293-R2) cells. However, at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 μM, the D3 receptor antagonists PG01037, NGB2904, SB-277011A, and U99194 significantly increased the efficacy of the anticancer drugs mitoxantrone and doxorubicin in ABCG2-overexpressing MDR cells. Efflux studies indicated that both PG01037 and NGB2904, at a concentration of 5 μM, significantly decreased the efflux of rhodamine 123 from H460-MX20 cells. Interestingly, 5 μM of PG01037 or NGB2904 significantly decreased the expression levels of the ABCG2 protein, suggesting that these compounds inhibit both the function and expression of ABCG2 transporters at non-toxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, MP 462036, India
| | - F Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Roopali Mittal
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, OU Medical Center, Children's Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, MP 462036, India
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11432, USA.
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Zhang W, Chen Z, Chen L, Wang F, Li F, Wang X, Fu L. ABCG2-overexpressing H460/MX20 cell xenografts in athymic nude mice maintained original biochemical and cytological characteristics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40064. [PMID: 28059154 PMCID: PMC5216358 DOI: 10.1038/srep40064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
H460/MX20 are derived from large cell lung cancer H460 cell line and then transformed into ABCG2-overexpressing cells by mitoxantrone’s induction, which are widely used in study of multidrug resistance (MDR) in vitro. To establish and spread the model of H460/MX20 cell xenografts, we investigated whether cell biological characteristics and the MDR phenotype were maintained in vivo model. Our results demonstrated that the cell proliferation, cell cycle, and ABCG2 expression level in xH460/MX20 cells isolated from H460/MX20 cell xenografts were similar to H460/MX20 cells in vitro. Importantly, xH460/MX20 cells exhibited high levels of resistance to ABCG2 substrates such as mitoxantrone and topotecan as H460/MX20 cells did. Furthermore, lapatinib, the inhibitor of ABCG2, potently reversed mitoxantrone- and topotecan-resistance of xH460/MX20 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that H460/MX20 cell xenografts in athymic nude mice still retain their original cytological characteristics and MDR phenotype. Thus, the H460/MX20 cell xenografts model could serve as a sound model in vivo for study on reversal MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Experimental Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Likun Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Furong Li
- Experimental Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Apoptotic Property of Koumine Involving Mitochondrial Pathway in LPS-Mediated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101317. [PMID: 27706063 PMCID: PMC6273091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Koumine is a kind of alkaloid extracted from Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans). Benth, which has shown promise as an anti-tumor, anxiolytic, and analgesic agent. In our present study, the effect of koumine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated RAW 264.7 cell apoptosis was evaluated. MTT assays showed that koumine obviously increased cell viability in LPS-mediated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Preincubation with koumine ameliorated LPS-medicated apoptosis by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, koumine-pretreated RAW 264.7 macrophages exhibited reduction of LPS-induced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA. Furthermore, pretreatment with koumine suppressed LPS-mediated p53 activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activation, decrease of Bcl-2 expression, and elevation of Bax and caspase-3 expressions, suggesting that koumine might act directly on RAW 264.7 cells to inhibit LPS-induced apoptosis. It seems as though the mechanism that koumine possesses is the anti-apoptotic effect mediated by suppressing production of ROS, activation of p53, and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in RAW 264 cells. Koumine could potentially serve as a protective effect against LPS-induced apoptosis.
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