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Necarsulmer JC, Simon JM, Evangelista BA, Chen Y, Tian X, Nafees S, Marquez AB, Jiang H, Wang P, Ajit D, Nikolova VD, Harper KM, Ezzell JA, Lin FC, Beltran AS, Moy SS, Cohen TJ. RNA-binding deficient TDP-43 drives cognitive decline in a mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy. eLife 2023; 12:RP85921. [PMID: 37819053 PMCID: PMC10567115 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 proteinopathies including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by aggregation and mislocalization of the nucleic acid-binding protein TDP-43 and subsequent neuronal dysfunction. Here, we developed endogenous models of sporadic TDP-43 proteinopathy based on the principle that disease-associated TDP-43 acetylation at lysine 145 (K145) alters TDP-43 conformation, impairs RNA-binding capacity, and induces downstream mis-regulation of target genes. Expression of acetylation-mimic TDP-43K145Q resulted in stress-induced nuclear TDP-43 foci and loss of TDP-43 function in primary mouse and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cortical neurons. Mice harboring the TDP-43K145Q mutation recapitulated key hallmarks of FTLD, including progressive TDP-43 phosphorylation and insolubility, TDP-43 mis-localization, transcriptomic and splicing alterations, and cognitive dysfunction. Our study supports a model in which TDP-43 acetylation drives neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline through aberrant splicing and transcription of critical genes that regulate synaptic plasticity and stress response signaling. The neurodegenerative cascade initiated by TDP-43 acetylation recapitulates many aspects of human FTLD and provides a new paradigm to further interrogate TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Necarsulmer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Genetics, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Baggio A Evangelista
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Youjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Xu Tian
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Sara Nafees
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Ariana B Marquez
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Huijun Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Deepa Ajit
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Viktoriya D Nikolova
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Kathryn M Harper
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - J Ashley Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Histology Research Core Facility, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Adriana S Beltran
- Department of Genetics, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Todd J Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
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Swaroop RS, Pradhan SS, Darshan VMD, Phalguna KS, Sivaramakrishnan V. Integrated network pharmacology approach shows a potential role of Ginseng catechins and ginsenosides in modulating protein aggregation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:333. [PMID: 36330377 PMCID: PMC9622974 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis is an incurable, progressive neurodegenerative motor neuron disease. The disease is characterized by protein aggregates. The symptoms include weakness, denervation of muscles, atrophy and progressive paralysis of bulbar and respiratory muscles and dysphagia. Various secondary metabolites are evaluated for their ability to improve symptoms in ALS. Ginseng has been traditionally used for treating several neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies using model systems have shown a potential role of Ginseng catechins and Ginsenosides in clearing protein aggregation associated with ALS. We focus on Network pharmacology approach to understand the effect of Ginseng catechins or ginsenosides on protein aggregation associated with ALS. A catechin/ginsenoside-protein interaction network was generated and the pathways obtained were compared with those obtained from transcriptomic datasets of ALS from GEO database. Knock out of MAPK14, AKT and GSK from Catechin and BACE 1 from ginsenoside modulated pathways inhibited protein aggregation. Catechins and ginsenosides have potential as therapeutic agents in the management of ALS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03401-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sai Swaroop
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - V. M. Datta Darshan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Kanikaram Sai Phalguna
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134 India
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Borland H, Rasmussen I, Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Rasmussen M, Olsen A, Vilhardt F. α-synuclein build-up is alleviated via ESCRT-dependent endosomal degradation brought about by p38MAPK inhibition in cells expressing p25α. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102531. [PMID: 36162505 PMCID: PMC9637583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synucleinopathy is driven by an imbalance of synthesis and degradation of α-synuclein (αSyn), causing a build up of αSyn aggregates and post-translationally modified species, which not only interfere with normal cellular metabolism but also by their secretion propagates the disease. Therefore, a better understanding of αSyn degradation pathways is needed to address α-synucleinopathy. Here, we used the nerve growth factor–differentiated catecholaminergic PC12 neuronal cell line, which was conferred α-synucleinopathy by inducible expression of αSyn and tubulin polymerization-promoting protein p25α. p25α aggregates αSyn, and imposes a partial autophagosome–lysosome block to mimic aspects of lysosomal deficiency common in neurodegenerative disease. Under basal conditions, αSyn was degraded by multiple pathways but most prominently by macroautophagy and Nedd4/Ndfip1-mediated degradation. We found that expression of p25α induced strong p38MAPK activity. Remarkably, when opposed by inhibitor SB203580 or p38MAPK shRNA knockdown, endolysosomal localization and degradation of αSyn increased, and αSyn secretion and cytotoxicity decreased. This effect was specifically dependent on Hsc70 and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery, but different from classical microautophagy, as the αSyn Hsc70 binding motif was unnecessary. Furthermore, in a primary neuronal (h)-αSyn seeding model, p38MAPK inhibition decreased pathological accumulation of phosphorylated serine-129-αSyn and cytotoxicity. In conclusion, p38MAPK inhibition shifts αSyn degradation from various forms of autophagy to an endosomal sorting complex required for transport–dependent uptake mechanism, resulting in increased αSyn turnover and cell viability in p25α-expressing cells. More generally, our results suggest that under conditions of autophagolysosomal malfunction, the uninterrupted endosomal pathway offers a possibility to achieve disease-associated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Borland
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark; Dept. of Cell Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - Izabela Rasmussen
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
| | | | - Michel Rasmussen
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
| | - Anders Olsen
- Dept. of Chemistry and Bioscience, The Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200N, Denmark.
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Preclinical and randomized clinical evaluation of the p38α kinase inhibitor neflamapimod for basal forebrain cholinergic degeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5308. [PMID: 36130946 PMCID: PMC9492778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosome-associated GTPase Rab5 is a central player in the molecular mechanisms leading to degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN), a long-standing target for drug development. As p38α is a Rab5 activator, we hypothesized that inhibition of this kinase holds potential as an approach to treat diseases associated with BFCN loss. Herein, we report that neflamapimod (oral small molecule p38α inhibitor) reduces Rab5 activity, reverses endosomal pathology, and restores the numbers and morphology of BFCNs in a mouse model that develops BFCN degeneration. We also report on the results of an exploratory (hypothesis-generating) phase 2a randomized double-blind 16-week placebo-controlled clinical trial (Clinical trial registration: NCT04001517/EudraCT #2019-001566-15) of neflamapimod in mild-to-moderate dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), a disease in which BFCN degeneration is an important driver of disease expression. A total of 91 participants, all receiving background cholinesterase inhibitor therapy, were randomized 1:1 between neflamapimod 40 mg or matching placebo capsules (taken orally twice-daily if weight <80 kg or thrice-daily if weight >80 kg). Neflamapimod does not show an effect in the clinical study on the primary endpoint, a cognitive-test battery. On two secondary endpoints, a measure of functional mobility and a dementia rating-scale, improvements were seen that are consistent with an effect on BFCN function. Neflamapimod treatment is well-tolerated with no study drug associated treatment discontinuations. The combined preclinical and clinical observations inform on the validity of the Rab5-based pathogenic model of cholinergic degeneration and provide a foundation for confirmatory (hypothesis-testing) clinical evaluation of neflamapimod in DLB.
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Wang X, Tian Y, Li C, Chen M. Exploring the key ferroptosis-related gene in the peripheral blood of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and its clinical significance. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:970796. [PMID: 36118694 PMCID: PMC9475071 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.970796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and there is growing evidence suggesting that ferroptosis is involved in its pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the key ferroptosis-related genes in AD and identify a novel ferroptosis-related gene diagnosis model for patients with AD. Materials and methods We extracted the human blood and hippocampus gene expression data of five datasets (GSE63060, GSE63061, GSE97760, GSE48350, and GSE5281) in the Gene Expression Omnibus database as well as the ferroptosis-related genes from FerrDb. Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes were screened by random forest classifier, and were further used to construct a diagnostic model of AD using an artificial neural network. The patterns of immune infiltration in the peripheral immune system of AD were also investigated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Results We first screened and identified 12 ferroptosis-related genes (ATG3, BNIP3, DDIT3, FH, GABARAPL1, MAPK14, SOCS1, SP1, STAT3, TNFAIP3, UBC, and ULK) via a random forest classifier, which was differentially expressed between the AD and normal control groups. Based on the 12 hub genes, we successfully constructed a satisfactory diagnostic model for differentiating AD patients from normal controls using an artificial neural network and validated its diagnostic efficacy in several external datasets. Further, the key ferroptosis-related genes were found to be strongly correlated to immune cells infiltration in AD. Conclusion We successfully identified 12 ferroptosis-related genes and established a novel diagnostic model of significant predictive value for AD. These results may help understand the role of ferroptosis in AD pathogenesis and provide promising therapeutic strategies for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaotian Tian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Min Chen,
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Zhao X, Liu J, Yang L, Niu Y, Ren R, Su C, Wang Y, Chen J, Ma X. Beneficial effects of mijianchangpu decoction on ischemic stroke through components accessing to the brain based on network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114882. [PMID: 34848358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE To explore the effective components, potential targets and neuroprotective related mechanisms of Mijianchangpu decoction (MJCPD), a well-known TCM used by the Chinese Hui minorities to treat stroke, on the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) by using experimental models combined with network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The neuroprotective efficacy of MJCPD was estimated by applying the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced cerebral ischemia rats, and the neurological deficits score, TTC and HE staining as well as behavioral evaluation tests were employed to evaluate the beneficial effects. Meanwhile, the bioactive components of MJCPD responsible for the neuroprotective effects were identified by detecting the constituents in the brain of the MCAO rats with UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS techniques, and these compounds were then underwent for network pharmacology analysis. Firstly, the targets of the bioactive compounds of MJCPD were predicted using Pharmmapper database, and simultaneously, the targets of IS disease were obtained from disease databases including DisGenet, OMIM, and GeneCards. Secondly, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between the targets and diseases were established to give the possible therapeutic targets for IS. Thirdly, the go function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out and the compound-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, the effective compounds, core targets and possible pathways were obtained by analyzing the connectivity of the network. More importantly, the core targets were verified by western blot experiments to validate the reliability of this study. RESULTS MJCPD exhibited significant neuroprotective effect on IS, and 16 bioactive components of MJCPD were identified in the brain of the MCAO rats. 59 and 1982 targets related with IS disease were explored from Pharmapper and disease databases, respectively, and 32 intersecting targets were obtained as hypothetical therapeutic targets. Based on the results of the compound-target-pathway and PPI network with the degree was greater than the median, 8 effective compounds (suberic acid, epishyobunone, crocetin monomethyl ester, sfaranal, (Z)-6-octadccenoic acid, nerolidol and gurjunene) and 5 hub targets (SRC, MAPK8, MAPK14, EGFR and MAPK1) as well as 12 pathways were predicted. Western blot results showed that EGFR, p38, ERK and SRC proteins were expressed significantly different after MJCPD treatment as compared with the model group. CONCLUSION The present study employed network pharmacology, pharmacodynamics and molecular biology techniques to predict and validate the core potential targets and signaling pathways as well as the bioactive components of MJCPD responsible for the treatment of IS. All of which are very helpful to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism of MJCPD, and obviously, the active compounds and targets in this study can also provide clues for the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yang Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ruru Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yingli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Minhoushangjie, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Identification of Potential Biomarkers of Depression and Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Key Genes and Therapeutic Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Depression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2165632. [PMID: 35003290 PMCID: PMC8741373 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2165632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background To explore the potential target of depression and the mechanism of related traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of depression. Method Differential gene expression in depression patients and controls was analyzed in the GEO database. Key genes for depression were obtained by searching the disease databases. The COREMINE Medical database was used to search for Chinese medicines corresponding to the key genes in the treatment of depression, and the network pharmacological analysis was performed on these Chinese medicines. Then, protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted. Prediction of gene phenotypes was based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment scores. Results The total number of differentially expressed genes in the GEO database was 147. Combined with the GEO dataset and disease database, a total of 3533 depression-related genes were analyzed. After screening in COREMINE Medical, it was found that the top 4 traditional Chinese medicines with the highest frequency for depression were Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Crocus sativus L., Bupleurum chinense DC., and Cannabis sativa L. The compound target network consisted of 24 compounds and 138 corresponding targets, and the key targets involved PRKACA, NCOA2, PPARA, and so on. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the most commonly used Chinese medicine could regulate multiple aspects of depression through these targets, related to metabolism, neuroendocrine function, and neuroimmunity. Prediction and analysis of protein-protein interactions resulted in the selection of nine hub genes (ESR1, HSP90AA1, JUN, MAPK1, MAPK14, MAPK8, RB1, RELA, and TP53). In addition, a total of four ingredients (petunidin, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and luteolin) from this Chinese medicine could act on these hub genes. Conclusions Our research revealed the complicated antidepressant mechanism of the most commonly used Chinese medicines and also provided a rational strategy for revealing the complex composition and function of Chinese herbal formulas.
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Xu J, Zhang P, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Hou Y, Bekris LM, Lathia J, Chiang CW, Li L, Pieper AA, Leverenz JB, Cummings J, Cheng F. Multimodal single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing data analysis uncovers molecular networks between disease-associated microglia and astrocytes with implications for drug repurposing in Alzheimer's disease. Genome Res 2021; 31:1900-1912. [PMID: 33627474 PMCID: PMC8494225 DOI: 10.1101/gr.272484.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Because disease-associated microglia (DAM) and disease-associated astrocytes (DAA) are involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we systematically identified molecular networks between DAM and DAA to uncover novel therapeutic targets for AD. Specifically, we develop a network-based methodology that leverages single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing data from both transgenic mouse models and AD patient brains, as well as drug-target network, metabolite-enzyme associations, the human protein-protein interactome, and large-scale longitudinal patient data. Through this approach, we find both common and unique gene network regulators between DAM (i.e., PAK1, MAPK14, and CSF1R) and DAA (i.e., NFKB1, FOS, and JUN) that are significantly enriched by neuro-inflammatory pathways and well-known genetic variants (i.e., BIN1). We identify shared immune pathways between DAM and DAA, including Th17 cell differentiation and chemokine signaling. Last, integrative metabolite-enzyme network analyses suggest that fatty acids and amino acids may trigger molecular alterations in DAM and DAA. Combining network-based prediction and retrospective case-control observations with 7.2 million individuals, we identify that usage of fluticasone (an approved glucocorticoid receptor agonist) is significantly associated with a reduced incidence of AD (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83-0.89, P < 1.0 × 10-8). Propensity score-stratified cohort studies reveal that usage of mometasone (a stronger glucocorticoid receptor agonist) is significantly associated with a decreased risk of AD (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.68-0.81, P < 1.0 × 10-8) compared to fluticasone after adjusting age, gender, and disease comorbidities. In summary, we present a network-based, multimodal methodology for single-cell/nucleus genomics-informed drug discovery and have identified fluticasone and mometasone as potential treatments in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Xu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Yin Huang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Lynn M Bekris
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Justin Lathia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44106, Ohio, USA
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Wang S, Ma J, Zeng Y, Zhou G, Wang Y, Zhou W, Sun X, Wu M. Icariin, an Up-and-Coming Bioactive Compound Against Neurological Diseases: Network Pharmacology-Based Study and Literature Review. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3619-3641. [PMID: 34447243 PMCID: PMC8384151 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s310686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Icariin is a biologically active substance in Epimedii herba that is used for the treatment of neurologic disorders. However, a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms of icariin is lacking. In this review, we present a brief history of the use of icariin for medicinal purposes; describe the active chemical components of Epimedii herba; and examine the evidence from experimental studies that have uncovered molecular targets of icariin in different diseases. We also constructed a protein–protein interaction network and carried out Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analyses to predict the therapeutic actions of icariin in nervous system diseases including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, ischemic stroke, depressive disorder, multiple sclerosis, glioblastoma, and hereditary spastic paraplegias. The results of our analyses can guide future studies on the application of icariin to the treatment of neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqiu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Zeng
- First Clinical Medical School, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- First Clinical Medical School, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Sun
- First Clinical Medical School, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,First Clinical Medical School, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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10
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Understanding Abnormal c-JNK/p38MAPK Signaling Overactivation Involved in the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: Possible Therapeutic Targets and Impact on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1630-1650. [PMID: 34432262 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination, immune dysregulation, and neuroinflammation are the most common triggers of motor neuron disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic demyelinating neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system caused by abnormal immune activation, which causes myelin sheath damage. Cell signal transduction pathways are required for a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the brain. When these signaling systems become overactive, they can lead to disease progression. In various physiological conditions, abnormal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation is associated with several physiological dysfunctions that cause neurodegeneration. Previous research indicates that c-JNK and p38MAPK signaling play critical roles in neuronal growth and differentiation. c-JNK/p38MAPK is a member of the MAPK family, which regulates metabolic pathways, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that control certain neurological activities. During brain injuries, c-JNK/p38MAPK also affects neuronal elastic properties, nerve growth, and cognitive processing. This review systematically linked abnormal c-JNK/p38MAPK signaling activation to multiple neuropathological pathways in MS and related neurological dysfunctions. MS progression is linked to genetic defects, oligodendrocyte destruction, glial overactivation, and immune dysregulation. We concluded that inhibiting both the c-JNK/p38MAPK signaling pathways can promote neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects against the clinical-pathological presentation of MS and influence other neurological disorders. As a result, the potential benefits of c-JNK/p38MAPK downregulation for the development of disease-modifying treatment interventions in the future could include MS prevention and related neurocomplications.
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11
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Wang J, Liu B, Xu Y, Yang M, Wang C, Song M, Liu J, Wang W, You J, Sun F, Wang D, Liu D, Yan H. Activation of CREB-mediated autophagy by thioperamide ameliorates β-amyloid pathology and cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13333. [PMID: 33682314 PMCID: PMC7963336 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease, and the imbalance between production and clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) is involved in its pathogenesis. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway whereby leads to removal of aggregated proteins, up-regulation of which may be a plausible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) is a presynaptic autoreceptor regulating histamine release via negative feedback way. Our previous study showed that thioperamide, as an antagonist of H3R, enhances autophagy and protects against ischemic injury. However, the effect of thioperamide on autophagic function and Aβ pathology in AD remains unknown. In this study, we found that thioperamide promoted cognitive function, ameliorated neuronal loss, and Aβ pathology in APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice. Interestingly, thioperamide up-regulated autophagic level and lysosomal function both in APP/PS1 Tg mice and in primary neurons under Aβ-induced injury. The neuroprotection by thioperamide against AD was reversed by 3-MA, inhibitor of autophagy, and siRNA of Atg7, key autophagic-related gene. Furthermore, inhibition of activity of CREB, H3R downstream signaling, by H89 reversed the effect of thioperamide on promoted cell viability, activated autophagic flux, and increased autophagic-lysosomal proteins expression, including Atg7, TFEB, and LAMP1, suggesting a CREB-dependent autophagic activation by thioperamide in AD. Taken together, these results suggested that H3R antagonist thioperamide improved cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 Tg mice via modulation of the CREB-mediated autophagy and lysosomal pathway, which contributed to Aβ clearance. This study uncovered a novel mechanism involving autophagic regulating behind the therapeutic effect of thioperamide in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Meizi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chaoyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jingjing You
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Fengjiao Sun
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Dunjiang Liu
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Haijing Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
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12
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Prepubertal exposure to high dose of cadmium induces hypothalamic injury through transcriptome profiling alteration and neuronal degeneration in female rats. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 337:109379. [PMID: 33453195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal, which seems to be crucial during the prepubertal period. Cd can destroy the structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enters into the brain. Although the brain is susceptible to neurotoxicity induced by Cd, the effects of Cd on the brain, particularly hypothalamic transcriptome, are still relatively poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the molecular effects of Cd exposure on the hypothalamus by profiling the transcriptomic response of the hypothalamus to high dose of Cd (25 mg/kg bw/day cadmium chloride (CdCl2)) during the prepubertal period in Sprague-Dawley female rats. After sequencing and annotation, differential expression analysis revealed 1656 genes that were differentially expressed that 108 of them were classified into 37 transcription factor (TF) families. According to gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in different biological processes and neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), prolactin signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling, and dopaminergic synapse. Five transcripts were selected for further analyses with Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The RT-qPCR results were mostly consistent with those from the high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Cresyl violet staining clearly showed an increased neuronal degeneration in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and arcuate (Arc) nuclei of the CdCl2 group. Overall, this study demonstrates that prepubertal exposure to high doses of Cd induces hypothalamic injury through transcriptome profiling alteration in female rats, which reveals the new mechanisms of pathogenesis of Cd in the hypothalamus.
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13
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Ji Q, Wang X, Cai J, Du X, Sun H, Zhang N. MiR-22-3p Regulates Amyloid β Deposit in Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Targeting Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 14. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:473-480. [PMID: 31713484 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666191111124516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Propose: To investigate whether miR-22-3p is able to regulate AD development and its molecular mechanism. METHODS Morris water maze test was performed to test the spatial memory. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression level of miR-22-3p. The enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42. Immunoblotting analysis was performed to detect the protein expression levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) and beta-site Amyloid precursor protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1). Luciferase assay was used to identify the interaction between miR- 22-3p and MAPK14. The tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assay was used to test the influence of miR-22-3p overexpression on cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of miR-22-3p overexpression on cell apoptosis. RESULTS Morris water maze test showed that mice model of AD had impaired spatial memory, which was able to be ameliorated by miR-22-3p overexpression. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the protein expression levels of APP, MAPK14 and BACE1 were enhanced in AD model, which could be prevented by miR-22-3p overexpression. ELISA showed that Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were dramatically increased in AD model, which were inhibited by miR-22-3p overexpression. Luciferase assay and immunoblotting analysis indicated that miR-22-3p targeted and regulated MAPK14 expression. CONCLUSION MiR-22-3p overexpression reduced Aβ deposit and alleviated AD symptoms by targeting and regulating MAPK14 expression, which ameliorated AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101100, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101100, China
| | - Jianxin Cai
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101100, China
| | - Xiangnan Du
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101100, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101100, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101100, China
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14
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Asih PR, Prikas E, Stefanoska K, Tan ARP, Ahel HI, Ittner A. Functions of p38 MAP Kinases in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:570586. [PMID: 33013322 PMCID: PMC7509416 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.570586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a central component in signaling networks in a multitude of mammalian cell types. This review covers recent advances on specific functions of p38 MAP kinases in cells of the central nervous system. Unique and specific functions of the four mammalian p38 kinases are found in all major cell types in the brain. Mechanisms of p38 activation and downstream phosphorylation substrates in these different contexts are outlined and how they contribute to functions of p38 in physiological and under disease conditions. Results in different model organisms demonstrated that p38 kinases are involved in cognitive functions, including functions related to anxiety, addiction behavior, neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and decision making. Finally, the role of p38 kinases in psychiatric and neurological conditions and the current progress on therapeutic inhibitors targeting p38 kinases are covered and implicate p38 kinases in a multitude of CNS-related physiological and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prita R Asih
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Prikas
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda R P Tan
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly I Ahel
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Germann UA, Alam JJ. P38α MAPK Signaling-A Robust Therapeutic Target for Rab5-Mediated Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5485. [PMID: 32751991 PMCID: PMC7432772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial pathologies, involving one or more aggregated protein(s) and neuroinflammation are common in major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. This complexity of multiple pathogenic drivers is one potential explanation for the lack of success or, at best, the partial therapeutic effects, respectively, with approaches that have targeted one specific driver, e.g., amyloid-beta, in Alzheimer's disease. Since the endosome-associated protein Rab5 appears to be a convergence point for many, if not all the most prominent pathogenic drivers, it has emerged as a major therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease. Further, since the alpha isoform of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α) is a major regulator of Rab5 activity and its effectors, a biology that is distinct from the classical nuclear targets of p38 signaling, brain-penetrant selective p38α kinase inhibitors provide the opportunity for significant therapeutic advances in neurogenerative disease through normalizing dysregulated Rab5 activity. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the role of Rab5 in the cell and its association with neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. We then discuss the connection between Rab5 and p38α and summarize the evidence that through modulating Rab5 activity there are therapeutic opportunities in neurodegenerative diseases for p38α kinase inhibitors.
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16
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Najm R, Zalocusky KA, Zilberter M, Yoon SY, Hao Y, Koutsodendris N, Nelson M, Rao A, Taubes A, Jones EA, Huang Y. In Vivo Chimeric Alzheimer's Disease Modeling of Apolipoprotein E4 Toxicity in Human Neurons. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107962. [PMID: 32726626 PMCID: PMC7430173 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its clear impact on Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, apolipoprotein (apo) E4's contributions to AD etiology remain poorly understood. Progress in answering this and other questions in AD research has been limited by an inability to model human-specific phenotypes in an in vivo environment. Here we transplant human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons carrying normal apoE3 or pathogenic apoE4 into human apoE3 or apoE4 knockin mouse hippocampi, enabling us to disentangle the effects of apoE4 produced in human neurons and in the brain environment. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), we identify key transcriptional changes specific to human neuron subtypes in response to endogenous or exogenous apoE4. We also find that Aβ from transplanted human neurons forms plaque-like aggregates, with differences in localization and interaction with microglia depending on the transplant and host apoE genotype. These findings highlight the power of in vivo chimeric disease modeling for studying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey Najm
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kelly A Zalocusky
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yanxia Hao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maxine Nelson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antara Rao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alice Taubes
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Emily A Jones
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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17
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Miller JB, Kauwe JSK. Predicting Clinical Dementia Rating Using Blood RNA Levels. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E706. [PMID: 32604772 PMCID: PMC7349260 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) is commonly used to assess cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients and is included in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. We divided 741 ADNI participants with blood microarray data into three groups based on their most recent CDR assessment: cognitive normal (CDR = 0), mild cognitive impairment (CDR = 0.5), and probable Alzheimer's disease (CDR ≥ 1.0). We then used machine learning to predict cognitive status using only blood RNA levels. Only one probe for chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) was significant after correction. However, by combining individually nonsignificant probes with p-values less than 0.1, we averaged 87.87% (s = 1.02) predictive accuracy for classifying the three groups, compared to a 55.46% baseline for this study due to unequal group sizes. The best model had an overall precision of 0.902, recall of 0.895, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area of 0.904. Although we identified one significant probe in CLIC1, CLIC1 levels alone were not sufficient to predict dementia status and cannot be used alone in a clinical setting. Additional analyses combining individually suggestive, but nonsignificant, blood RNA levels were significantly predictive and may improve diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, we propose that patient features that do not individually predict cognitive status might still contribute to overall cognitive decline through interactions that can be elucidated through machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John S. K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
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18
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Bracegirdle J, Gordon DP, Harvey JE, Keyzers RA. Kinase-Inhibitory Nucleoside Derivatives from the Pacific Bryozoan Nelliella nelliiformis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:547-551. [PMID: 31961676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms are a valuable source of bioactive natural products, yet bryozoan invertebrates have been relatively understudied. Herein, we report nelliellosides A and B, new secondary metabolites of the Pacific bryozoan Nelliella nelliiformis, found using NMR-guided isolation. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Total synthesis of the natural products and four analogues was also achieved, in addition to an assessment of their biological activity, especially kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Bracegirdle
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Dennis P Gordon
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA) , Wellington 6021 , New Zealand
| | - Joanne E Harvey
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
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19
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Kheiri G, Dolatshahi M, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. Role of p38/MAPKs in Alzheimer's disease: implications for amyloid beta toxicity targeted therapy. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:9-30. [PMID: 29804103 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of environmental and genetic factors, as well as the physiologic process of aging, contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Neuroinflammation is and has been a focus of interest, as a common gateway for initiation of many of the underlying pathologies of AD. Amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, increasing RAGE expression, tau hyperphosphorylation, induction of apoptosis, and deregulated autophagy are among other mechanisms, partly entangled and being explained by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK signaling. p38 MAPK is the most essential regulator of Aβ induced toxicity from this family. p38 induces NF-κB activation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and disruption of synaptic plasticity, which are other implications of all justifying the p38 MAPK as a potential target to break the vicious Aβ toxicity cycle. Until recently, many in vivo and in vitro studies have investigated the effects of p38 MAPK inhibitors in AD. The pyridinyl imidazole compounds SB202190 and SB203580 have shown promising anti-apoptotic results in vivo. MW108 inhibits activation of p38 and is able to postpone cognitive decline in animal models. The PD169316, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic features, has improved spatial memory in vivo. Natural compounds from Camellia sinensis (green tea), polyphenols from olive oil, pinocembrin from propolis, and the puerarine extract isoflavones, have shown strong anti-apoptotic features, mediated by p38 MAPK inhibition. Use of these drug targets is limited due to central nervous system side effects or cross-reactivity with other kinases, predicting the low efficacy of these drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Kheiri
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
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20
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Neuroprotective effect of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 silence on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in a SH-SY5Y cell line. Gene 2019; 697:152-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Gu R, Wang Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Li P, Xu L, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Kennelly EJ, Long C. Three new compounds with nitric oxide inhibitory activity from Tirpitzia sinensis, an ethnomedicinal plant from Southwest China. BMC Chem 2019; 13:47. [PMID: 31384795 PMCID: PMC6661779 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal plant Tirpitzia sinensis has been used by the Zhuang ethnic people in mountainous areas of Southwest China to stop bleeding, invigorate blood circulation, and treat inflammation and wounds. In order to further explore its traditional medicinal uses, the phytochemical constituents of this species were examined. Three new compounds, the lignan tirpitzin (1), the flavonoid tirpitzoside (2), and the furan-glycoside tirpitziol (3), along with five known compounds were isolated from the aerial part of T. sinensis for the first time. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, LC/MS, IR spectrometric methods and compared with published data. The results of an in silico pharmacophore-based analysis showed potential targets of the new compounds, including ERBB2, IRAK4, LCK, JAK2, MAPK14, and MMP-12. These targets suggested that 1-3 may be involved with wound-healing and/or inflammation, leading to an in vitro assay of nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays with lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 cells. All three new compounds displayed moderate NO inhibitory activity with the IC50 values of 14.97 ± 0.87, 26.63 ± 1.32, and 17.09 ± 2.3 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Gu
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehu Wang
- 2Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 People's Republic of China
| | - Shibiao Wu
- 3Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York, 10468 USA
| | - Yeling Wang
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Ze'e Chen
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China.,3Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York, 10468 USA.,4Ph.D. Programs in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, 10016 USA
| | - Chunlin Long
- 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China.,2Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201 People's Republic of China.,5Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Ministry of Education, 27 Zhongguancun South Ave., Haidian, Beijing, 100081 People's Republic of China
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22
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Xu S, Sui S, Zhang X, Pang B, Wan L, Pang D. Modulation of autophagy in human diseases strategies to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1953-1999. [PMID: 30820989 DOI: 10.1002/med.21571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is central to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis across species. Accordingly, autophagy disorders are linked to a variety of diseases from the embryonic stage until death, and the role of autophagy as a therapeutic target has been widely recognized. However, autophagy-associated therapy for human diseases is still in its infancy and is supported by limited evidence. In this review, we summarize the landscape of autophagy-associated diseases and current autophagy modulators. Furthermore, we investigate the existing autophagy-associated clinical trials, analyze the obstacles that limit their progress, offer tactics that may allow barriers to be overcome along the way and then discuss the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shiyao Sui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Boran Pang
- Department of Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasm, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjcontrary, induction of autophagy elongiang, China
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23
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van Weering JRT, Scheper W. Endolysosome and Autolysosome Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Where Intracellular and Extracellular Meet. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:639-648. [PMID: 31165364 PMCID: PMC6647502 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed proteostasis as reflected by a massive accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates is a central feature in Alzheimer's disease. Proteostatic disturbances may be caused by a shift in protein production and clearance. Whereas rare genetic causes of the disease affect the production side, sporadic cases appear to be directed by dysfunction in protein clearance. This review focusses on the involvement of lysosome-mediated clearance. Autophagy is a degradational system where intracellular components are degraded by lysosomal organelles. In addition, "outside-to-inside" trafficking through the endosomes converges with the autolysosomal pathway, thereby bringing together intracellular and extracellular components. Recent findings demonstrate that disturbance in the endo- and autolysosomal pathway induces "inside-to-outside" communication via induction of unconventional secretion, which may bear relevance to the spreading of disease pathology through the brain. The involvement of these pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed with an outlook to the opportunities it provides for diagnostics as well as therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R. T. van Weering
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000000084992262grid.7177.6Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wiep Scheper
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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24
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Dysregulation of autophagy and stress granule-related proteins in stress-driven Tau pathology. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1411-1427. [PMID: 30442948 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance of neuronal proteostasis associated with misfolding and aggregation of Tau protein is a common neurodegenerative feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other Tauopathies. Consistent with suggestions that lifetime stress may be an important AD precipitating factor, we previously reported that environmental stress and high glucocorticoid (GC) levels induce accumulation of aggregated Tau; however, the molecular mechanisms for such process remain unclear. Herein, we monitor a novel interplay between RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and autophagic machinery in the underlying mechanisms through which chronic stress and high GC levels impact on Tau proteostasis precipitating Tau aggregation. Using molecular, pharmacological and behavioral analysis, we demonstrate that chronic stress and high GC trigger mTOR-dependent inhibition of autophagy, leading to accumulation of Tau aggregates and cell death in P301L-Tau expressing mice and cells. In parallel, we found that environmental stress and GC disturb cellular homeostasis and trigger the insoluble accumulation of different RBPs, such as PABP, G3BP1, TIA-1, and FUS, shown to form stress granules (SGs) and Tau aggregation. Interestingly, an mTOR-driven pharmacological stimulation of autophagy attenuates the GC-driven accumulation of Tau and SG-related proteins as well as the related cell death, suggesting a critical interface between autophagy and the response of the SG-related protein in the neurodegenerative potential of chronic stress and GC. These studies provide novel insights into the RNA-protein intracellular signaling regulating the precipitating role of environmental stress and GC on Tau-driven brain pathology.
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25
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Lemche E. Early Life Stress and Epigenetics in Late-onset Alzheimer's Dementia: A Systematic Review. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:522-602. [PMID: 30386171 PMCID: PMC6194433 DOI: 10.2174/1389202919666171229145156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement of life stress in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) has been evinced in longitudinal cohort epidemiological studies, and endocrinologic evidence suggests involvements of catecholamine and corticosteroid systems in LOAD. Early Life Stress (ELS) rodent models have successfully demonstrated sequelae of maternal separation resulting in LOAD-analogous pathology, thereby supporting a role of insulin receptor signalling pertaining to GSK-3beta facilitated tau hyper-phosphorylation and amyloidogenic processing. Discussed are relevant ELS studies, and findings from three mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (JNK/SAPK pathway, ERK pathway, p38/MAPK pathway) relevant for mediating environmental stresses. Further considered were the roles of autophagy impairment, neuroinflammation, and brain insulin resistance. For the meta-analytic evaluation, 224 candidate gene loci were extracted from reviews of animal studies of LOAD pathophysiological mechanisms, of which 60 had no positive results in human LOAD association studies. These loci were combined with 89 gene loci confirmed as LOAD risk genes in previous GWAS and WES. Of the 313 risk gene loci evaluated, there were 35 human reports on epigenomic modifications in terms of methylation or histone acetylation. 64 microRNA gene regulation mechanisms were published for the compiled loci. Genomic association studies support close relations of both noradrenergic and glucocorticoid systems with LOAD. For HPA involvement, a CRHR1 haplotype with MAPT was described, but further association of only HSD11B1 with LOAD found; however, association of FKBP1 and NC3R1 polymorphisms was documented in support of stress influence to LOAD. In the brain insulin system, IGF2R, INSR, INSRR, and plasticity regulator ARC, were associated with LOAD. Pertaining to compromised myelin stability in LOAD, relevant associations were found for BIN1, RELN, SORL1, SORCS1, CNP, MAG, and MOG. Regarding epigenetic modifications, both methylation variability and de-acetylation were reported for LOAD. The majority of up-to-date epigenomic findings include reported modifications in the well-known LOAD core pathology loci MAPT, BACE1, APP (with FOS, EGR1), PSEN1, PSEN2, and highlight a central role of BDNF. Pertaining to ELS, relevant loci are FKBP5, EGR1, GSK3B; critical roles of inflammation are indicated by CRP, TNFA, NFKB1 modifications; for cholesterol biosynthesis, DHCR24; for myelin stability BIN1, SORL1, CNP; pertaining to (epi)genetic mechanisms, hTERT, MBD2, DNMT1, MTHFR2. Findings on gene regulation were accumulated for BACE1, MAPK signalling, TLR4, BDNF, insulin signalling, with most reports for miR-132 and miR-27. Unclear in epigenomic studies remains the role of noradrenergic signalling, previously demonstrated by neuropathological findings of childhood nucleus caeruleus degeneration for LOAD tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Lemche
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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26
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Stefanoska K, Bertz J, Volkerling AM, van der Hoven J, Ittner LM, Ittner A. Neuronal MAP kinase p38α inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase to modulate anxiety-related behaviour. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14296. [PMID: 30250211 PMCID: PMC6155170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of behavioural responses by neuronal signalling pathways remains incompletely understood. Signalling via mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades regulates multiple neuronal functions. Here, we show that neuronal p38α, a MAP kinase of the p38 kinase family, has a critical and specific role in modulating anxiety-related behaviour in mice. Neuron-specific p38α-knockout mice show increased levels of anxiety in behaviour tests, yet no other behavioural, cognitive or motor deficits. Using CRISPR-mediated deletion of p38α in cells, we show that p38α inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity, a function that is specific to p38α over other p38 kinases. Consistently, brains of neuron-specific p38α-knockout mice show increased JNK activity. Inhibiting JNK using a specific blood-brain barrier-permeable inhibitor reduces JNK activity in brains of p38α-knockout mice to physiological levels and reverts anxiety behaviour. Thus, our results suggest that neuronal p38α negatively regulates JNK activity that is required for specific modulation of anxiety-related behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Stefanoska
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Josefine Bertz
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander M Volkerling
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Julia van der Hoven
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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27
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Li P, Hao L, Guo YY, Yang GL, Mei H, Li XH, Zhai QX. Chloroquine inhibits autophagy and deteriorates the mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hypoxic rat neurons. Life Sci 2018; 202:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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28
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Huentelman MJ, Piras IS, Siniard AL, De Both MD, Richholt RF, Balak CD, Jamshidi P, Bigio EH, Weintraub S, Loyer ET, Mesulam MM, Geula C, Rogalski EJ. Associations of MAP2K3 Gene Variants With Superior Memory in SuperAgers. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:155. [PMID: 29896098 PMCID: PMC5987172 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: SuperAgers are adults age 80+ with episodic memory performance that is at least as good as that of average middle-aged adults. Understanding the biological determinants of SuperAging may have relevance to preventing age-related cognitive decline and dementia. This study aimed to identify associations between genetic variations and the SuperAging phenotype using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). Methods: Sequence Kernel Association Combined (SKAT-C) test was conducted at the gene level including both rare and common variants in 56 SuperAgers and 22 cognitively-average controls from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Results: The SuperAging phenotype was associated with variants in the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 3 (MAP2K3) gene. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributed to the significance (rs2363221 [intron 1], rs2230435 [exon 5], rs736103 [intron 7]). Conclusions: MAP2K3 resides in a biological pathway linked to memory. It is in a signaling cascade associated with beta-amyloid mediated apoptosis and has enriched expression in microglia. This preliminary work suggests MAP2K3 may represent a novel therapeutic target for age-related memory decline and perhaps Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ignazio S. Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ashley L. Siniard
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew D. De Both
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ryan F. Richholt
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Chris D. Balak
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Pouya Jamshidi
- Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eileen H. Bigio
- Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Emmaleigh T. Loyer
- Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States
| | - M.-Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Changiz Geula
- Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Emily J. Rogalski
- Cognitive Neurology & Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (NU FSM), Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Emily J. Rogalski
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29
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Scheltens P, Prins N, Lammertsma A, Yaqub M, Gouw A, Wink AM, Chu HM, van Berckel BNM, Alam J. An exploratory clinical study of p38 α kinase inhibition in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:464-473. [PMID: 29687023 PMCID: PMC5899915 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to preliminarily evaluate an oral small molecule p38α kinase inhibitor in patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) for the effects on brain amyloid plaque load and episodic memory function, and to establish pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics correlations if any effects identified on these parameters. Methods Sixteen patients with early AD received a highly selective p38α inhibitor (neflamapimod) for 84 days (12 weeks). To obtain a broad range of plasma drug exposures, subjects randomized to receive either 40 mg (n = 9) or 125 mg (n = 7) twice daily. Dynamic, 11C-PiB positron emission scans were performed at baseline and at Day 84 and quantitatively analyzed by reference parametric mapping. Episodic memory assessed as Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) immediate and delayed recall composites. Result In the 11C-PiB analyses there were no main group level effects, though in the prespecified responder analysis (>7% reduction in 11C-PiB signal) there were three responders in the 40 mg, and one in the 125 mg group. There were statistically significant increases from baseline in mean WMS immediate recall score and WMS delayed recall at both day 28 (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001) and day 84 (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001). Individual subject plasma drug concentration profiles were significantly positively correlated with the change in combined WMS immediate and delayed recall (P < 0.0001, r2 = 0.70). Within-subject effect size was 0.59 for immediate recall and 0.67 for delayed recall. Interpretation Selective p38α inhibition in patients with early AD may improve episodic memory and potentially impact β-amyloid production. These preliminary clinical findings support conduct of a longer duration placebo-controlled study, particularly to confirm the effects on episodic memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Niels Prins
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Netherlands.,Brain Research Center Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Alida Gouw
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG 4Center VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Alle Meije Wink
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Netherlands
| | | | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - John Alam
- EIP Pharma LLC Cambridge Massachusetts
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