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Hua F, Bonzerato CG, Keller KR, Guo D, Luo J, Wojcikiewicz RJH. The erlin1/erlin2 complex binds to and stabilizes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and regulates autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 731:150397. [PMID: 39018973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The erlin1/erlin2 (E1/E2) complex is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane-located assemblage of the proteins erlin1 and erlin2. Here, we demonstrate direct and selective binding of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) to recombinant erlins and that disruption or deletion of the E1/E2 complex reduces HeLa cell PI(3)P levels by ∼50 %. This reduction correlated with a decrease in autophagic flux, with no effect on the endocytic pathway, and was not due to reduced VPS34 kinase activity, which is critical for maintaining steady-state PI(3)P levels. Pharmacological inhibition of VPS34 and suppression of PI(3)P levels caused a similar reduction in autophagic flux. Overall, these data indicate that by binding to PI(3)P, the E1/E2 complex plays an important role in maintaining the steady-state levels of PI(3)P and, thus, sustains some key PI(3)P-dependent processes, e.g., autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Hua
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Caden G Bonzerato
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Katherine R Keller
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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2
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Nähse V, Stenmark H, Schink KO. Omegasomes control formation, expansion, and closure of autophagosomes. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2400038. [PMID: 38724256 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, an essential cellular process for maintaining cellular homeostasis and eliminating harmful cytoplasmic objects, involves the de novo formation of double-membraned autophagosomes that engulf and degrade cellular debris, protein aggregates, damaged organelles, and pathogens. Central to this process is the phagophore, which forms from donor membranes rich in lipids synthesized at various cellular sites, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which has emerged as a primary source. The ER-associated omegasomes, characterized by their distinctive omega-shaped structure and accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), play a pivotal role in autophagosome formation. Omegasomes are thought to serve as platforms for phagophore assembly by recruiting essential proteins such as DFCP1/ZFYVE1 and facilitating lipid transfer to expand the phagophore. Despite the critical importance of phagophore biogenesis, many aspects remain poorly understood, particularly the complete range of proteins involved in omegasome dynamics, and the detailed mechanisms of lipid transfer and membrane contact site formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Nähse
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kay O Schink
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Muramoto M, Mineoka N, Fukuda K, Kuriyama S, Masatani T, Fujita A. Coordinated regulation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylserine levels by Osh4p and Osh5p is an essential regulatory mechanism in autophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184308. [PMID: 38437942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is an intracellular degradative pathway in budding yeast cells. Certain lipid types play essential roles in autophagy; yet the precise mechanisms regulating lipid composition during autophagy remain unknown. Here, we explored the role of the Osh family proteins in the modulating lipid composition during autophagy in budding yeast. Our results showed that osh1-osh7∆ deletions lead to autophagic dysfunction, with impaired GFP-Atg8 processing and the absence of autophagosomes and autophagic bodies in the cytosol and vacuole, respectively. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy (EM) revealed elevated phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) levels in cytoplasmic and luminal leaflets of autophagic bodies and vacuolar membranes in all deletion mutants. Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) levels were significantly decreased in the autophagic bodies and vacuolar membranes in osh4∆ and osh5∆ mutants, whereas no significant changes were observed in other osh deletion mutants. Furthermore, we identified defects in autophagic processes in the osh4∆ and osh5∆ mutants, including rare autophagosome formation in the osh5∆ mutant and accumulation of autophagic bodies in the vacuole in the osh4∆ mutant, even in the absence of the proteinase inhibitor PMSF. These findings suggest that Osh4p and Osh5p play crucial roles in the transport of PtdSer to autophagic bodies and autophagosome membranes, respectively. The precise control of lipid composition in the membranes of autophagosomes and autophagic bodies by Osh4p and Osh5p represents an important regulatory mechanism in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Muramoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Nanaru Mineoka
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kayoko Fukuda
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Sayuri Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akikazu Fujita
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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4
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Nasr M, Fay A, Lupieri A, Malet N, Darmon A, Zahreddine R, Swiader A, Wahart A, Viaud J, Nègre-Salvayre A, Hirsch E, Monteyne D, Perez-Morgà D, Dupont N, Codogno P, Ramel D, Morel E, Laffargue M, Gayral S. PI3KCIIα-Dependent Autophagy Program Protects From Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in Response to Low Shear Stress in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:620-634. [PMID: 38152888 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to respond to mechanical forces is a basic requirement for maintaining endothelial cell (ECs) homeostasis, which is continuously subjected to low shear stress (LSS) and high shear stress (HSS). In arteries, LSS and HSS have a differential impact on EC autophagy processes. However, it is still unclear whether LSS and HSS differently tune unique autophagic machinery or trigger specific autophagic responses in ECs. METHODS Using fluid flow system to generate forces on EC and multiscale imaging analyses on ApoE-/- mice whole arteries, we studied the cellular and molecular mechanism involved in autophagic response to LSS or HSS on the endothelium. RESULTS We found that LSS and HSS trigger autophagy activation by mobilizing specific autophagic signaling modules. Indeed, LSS-induced autophagy in endothelium was independent of the class III PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) VPS34 (vacuolar sorting protein 34) but controlled by the α isoform of class II PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase class II α [PI3KCIIα]). Accordingly, reduced PI3KCIIα expression in ApoE-/- mice (ApoE-/-PI3KCIIα+/-) led to EC dysfunctions associated with increased plaque deposition in the LSS regions. Mechanistically, we revealed that PI3KCIIα inhibits mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) activation and that rapamycin treatment in ApoE-/-PI3KCIIα+/- mice specifically rescue autophagy in arterial LSS regions. Finally, we demonstrated that absence of PI3KCIIα led to decreased endothelial primary cilium biogenesis in response to LSS and that ablation of primary cilium mimics PI3KCIIα-decreased expression in EC dysfunction, suggesting that this organelle could be the mechanosensor linking PI3KCIIα and EC homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that mechanical forces variability within the arterial system determines EC autophagic response and supports a central role of PI3KCIIα/mTORC1 axis to prevent EC dysfunction in LSS regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouin Nasr
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Alexis Fay
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Adrien Lupieri
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Nicole Malet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Anne Darmon
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Rana Zahreddine
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Audrey Swiader
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Amandine Wahart
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Julien Viaud
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Anne Nègre-Salvayre
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy (E.H.)
| | - Daniel Monteyne
- IBMM-DBM, Department of Molecular Parasitology, University of Brussels, Gosselies, Belgium (D.M., D.P.-M.)
| | - David Perez-Morgà
- IBMM-DBM, Department of Molecular Parasitology, University of Brussels, Gosselies, Belgium (D.M., D.P.-M.)
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (N.D., P.C., E.M.)
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (N.D., P.C., E.M.)
| | - Damien Ramel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Etienne Morel
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (N.D., P.C., E.M.)
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
| | - Stephanie Gayral
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM) 1297, University of Toulouse 3, France (M.N., A.F., A.L., N.M., A.D., R.Z., A.S., A.W., J.V., A.N.-S., D.R., M.L., S.G.)
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5
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Sung H, Lloyd TE. Disrupted endoplasmic reticulum-mediated autophagosomal biogenesis in a Drosophila model of C9-ALS-FTD. Autophagy 2024; 20:94-113. [PMID: 37599467 PMCID: PMC10761023 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2249750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS 3R: UAS construct expressing 3 G4C2 repeats (used as control); 3WJ: three-way junction; 12R: UAS construct expressing leader sequence and 12 G4C2 repeats; 30R: UAS construct expressing 30 G4C2 repeats; 36R: UAS construct expressing 36 G4C2 repeats; 44R: UAS construct expressing leader sequence and 44 G4C2 repeats; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Atg: autophagy related; atl: atlastin; C9-ALS-FTD: ALS or FTD caused by hexanuleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; HRE: GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion; HSP: hereditary spastic paraplegia; Lamp1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MT: microtubule; NMJ: neuromuscular junction; Rab: Ras-associated binding GTPase; RAN: repeat associated non-AUG (RAN) translation; RO-36: UAS construct expression "RNA-only" version of 36 G4C2 repeats in which stop codons in all six reading frames are inserted.; Rtnl1: Reticulon-like 1; SN: segmental nerve; TFEB/Mitf: transcription factor EB/microphthalmia associated transcription factor (Drosophila ortholog of TFEB); TrpA1: transient receptor potential cation channel A1; VAPB: VAMP associated protein B and C; VNC: ventral nerve cord (spinal cord in Drosophila larvae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas E. Lloyd
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wang Y, Li J, Zheng H, Wang K, Ren X, Wang G, Du J. Cezanne promoted autophagy through PIK3C3 stabilization and PIK3C2A transcription in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:302. [PMID: 37596251 PMCID: PMC10439204 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib is a promising approved third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) for treating patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring EGFR-activating mutations, however, almost all patients develop resistance to Osimertinib eventually limiting the long-term efficacy. Autophagy is a vital cellular recycling process promoting Osimertinib resistance. Identifying accurate and efficient autophagy-regulatory factors is of great significance in reducing Osimertinib resistance. This study identified Cezanne, a member of the ovarian tumor protease (OTU)-deubiquitinating family, as an autophagy regulator. Cezanne was highly expressed in Osimertinib-resistant cells, and Cezanne overexpression promoted Osimertinib resistance, while chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, reverted this process. In the Cezanne-overexpressing cells, autophagy was activated even in the absence of autophagy inducers rapamycin and Earle's Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS). Further study showed that Cezanne stabilized PIK3C3 by deubiquitinating K48-linked ubiquitination at Lysine 322. Surprisingly, as a compensatory mechanism of PI3P generation, PIK3C2A was shown to be upregulated by Cezanne by promoting its transcription in a POLR2A-dependent way. Based on these results, Cezanne also accelerates EGFR recycling which may explain the mechanism mediating Cezanne expression and Osimertinib resistance. In conclusion, this study establishes a new model connecting Cezanne, autophagy, and Osimertinib resistance, opening new avenues to explore the effect of Cezanne and autophagy in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Li
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Zheng
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Abstract
Maintenance of protein homeostasis and organelle integrity and function is critical for cellular homeostasis and cell viability. Autophagy is the principal mechanism that mediates the delivery of various cellular cargoes to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. A myriad of studies demonstrate important protective roles for autophagy against disease. However, in cancer, seemingly opposing roles of autophagy are observed in the prevention of early tumour development versus the maintenance and metabolic adaptation of established and metastasizing tumours. Recent studies have addressed not only the tumour cell intrinsic functions of autophagy, but also the roles of autophagy in the tumour microenvironment and associated immune cells. In addition, various autophagy-related pathways have been described, which are distinct from classical autophagy, that utilize parts of the autophagic machinery and can potentially contribute to malignant disease. Growing evidence on how autophagy and related processes affect cancer development and progression has helped guide efforts to design anticancer treatments based on inhibition or promotion of autophagy. In this Review, we discuss and dissect these different functions of autophagy and autophagy-related processes during tumour development, maintenance and progression. We outline recent findings regarding the role of these processes in both the tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment and describe advances in therapy aimed at autophagy processes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Noor Gammoh
- MRC Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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8
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Hu Z, Luo Y, Liu Y, Luo Y, Wang L, Gou S, Peng Y, Wei R, Jia D, Wang Y, Gao S, Zhang Y. Partial inhibition of class III PI3K VPS-34 ameliorates motor aging and prolongs health span. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002165. [PMID: 37432924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Global increase of life expectancy is rarely accompanied by increased health span, calling for a greater understanding of age-associated behavioral decline. Motor independence is strongly associated with the quality of life of elderly people, yet the regulators for motor aging have not been systematically explored. Here, we designed a fast and efficient genome-wide screening assay in Caenorhabditis elegans and identified 34 consistent genes as potential regulators of motor aging. Among the top hits, we found VPS-34, the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (PI) to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P), regulates motor function in aged but not young worms. It primarily functions in aged motor neurons by inhibiting PI(3)P-PI-PI(4)P conversion to reduce neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of VPS-34 improve neurotransmission and muscle integrity, ameliorating motor aging in both worms and mice. Thus, our genome-wide screening revealed an evolutionarily conserved, actionable target to delay motor aging and prolong health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yamei Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaru Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangce Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengsong Gou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shangbang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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Tang T, Hasan M, Capelluto DGS. Phafins Are More Than Phosphoinositide-Binding Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098096. [PMID: 37175801 PMCID: PMC10178739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phafins are PH (Pleckstrin Homology) and FYVE (Fab1, YOTB, Vac1, and EEA1) domain-containing proteins. The Phafin protein family is classified into two groups based on their sequence homology and functional similarity: Phafin1 and Phafin2. This protein family is unique because both the PH and FYVE domains bind to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P], a phosphoinositide primarily found in endosomal and lysosomal membranes. Phafin proteins act as PtdIns(3)P effectors in apoptosis, endocytic cargo trafficking, and autophagy. Additionally, Phafin2 is recruited to macropinocytic compartments through coincidence detection of PtdIns(3)P and PtdIns(4)P. Membrane-associated Phafins serve as adaptor proteins that recruit other binding partners. In addition to the phosphoinositide-binding domains, Phafin proteins present a poly aspartic acid motif that regulates membrane binding specificity. In this review, we summarize the involvement of Phafins in several cellular pathways and their potential physiological functions while highlighting the similarities and differences between Phafin1 and Phafin2. Besides, we discuss research perspectives for Phafins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoxian Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Daniel G S Capelluto
- Protein Signaling Domains Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Fralin Life Sciences Institute and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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10
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Quiles JM, Najor RH, Gonzalez E, Jeung M, Liang W, Burbach SM, Zumaya EA, Diao RY, Lampert MA, Gustafsson ÅB. Deciphering functional roles and interplay between Beclin1 and Beclin2 in autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo4457. [PMID: 36719945 PMCID: PMC10019900 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of macromolecules and organelles by the process of autophagy is critical for cellular homeostasis and is often compromised during aging and disease. Beclin1 and Beclin2 are implicated in autophagy induction, and these homologs share a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity but have divergent N-terminal regions. Here, we investigated the functions of the Beclin homologs in regulating autophagy and mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy that targets mitochondria. Both Beclin homologs contributed to autophagosome formation, but a mechanism of autophagosome formation independent of either Beclin homolog occurred in response to starvation or mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy was compromised only in Beclin1-deficient HeLa cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts because of defective autophagosomal engulfment of mitochondria, and the function of Beclin1 in mitophagy required the phosphorylation of the conserved Ser15 residue by the kinase Ulk1. Mitochondria-ER-associated membranes (MAMs) are important sites of autophagosome formation during mitophagy, and Beclin1, but not Beclin2 or a Beclin1 mutant that could not be phosphorylated at Ser15, localized to MAMs during mitophagy. Our findings establish a regulatory role for Beclin1 in selective mitophagy by initiating autophagosome formation adjacent to mitochondria, a function facilitated by Ulk1-mediated phosphorylation of Ser15 in its distinct N-terminal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Quiles
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751
| | - Rita H. Najor
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751
| | - Eileen Gonzalez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751
| | - Monica Jeung
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751
| | - Wenjing Liang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751
| | - Sarah M. Burbach
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751
| | - Erika A. Zumaya
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751
| | - Rachel Y. Diao
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751
| | - Mark A. Lampert
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751
| | - Åsa B. Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0751
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11
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Zhu Z, Liu LF, Su CF, Liu J, Tong BCK, Iyaswamy A, Krishnamoorthi S, Sreenivasmurthy SG, Guan XJ, Kan YX, Xie WJ, Zhao CL, Cheung KH, Lu JH, Tan JQ, Zhang HJ, Song JX, Li M. Corynoxine B derivative CB6 prevents Parkinsonian toxicity in mice by inducing PIK3C3 complex-dependent autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2511-2526. [PMID: 35217810 PMCID: PMC9525707 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that autophagy impairment is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously identified a natural alkaloid named corynoxine B (Cory B) as a neuronal autophagy inducer. However, its brain permeability is relatively low, which hinders its potential use in treating PD. Thus we synthesized various derivatives of Cory B to find more potent autophagy inducers with improved brain bioavailability. In this study, we evaluated the autophagy-enhancing effect of CB6 derivative and its neuroprotective action against PD in vitro and in vivo. We showed that CB6 (5-40 μM) dose-dependently accelerated autophagy flux in cultured N2a neural cells through activating the PIK3C3 complex and promoting PI3P production. In MPP+-treated PC12 cells, CB6 inhibited cell apoptosis and increased cell viability by inducing autophagy. In MPTP-induced mouse model of PD, oral administration of CB6 (10, 20 mg· kg-1· d-1, for 21 days) significantly improved motor dysfunction and prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta. Collectively, compound CB6 is a brain-permeable autophagy enhancer via PIK3C3 complex activation, which may help the prevention or treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Liang-Feng Liu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Limin Pharmaceutical Factory, Livzon Group Limited, Shaoguan, 512028, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Su
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Benjamin Chun-Kit Tong
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Senthilkumar Krishnamoorthi
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Sravan Gopalkrishnashetty Sreenivasmurthy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xin-Jie Guan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Kan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wen-Jian Xie
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chen-Liang Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Model for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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12
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Su PW, Zhai Z, Wang T, Zhang YN, Wang Y, Ma K, Han BB, Wu ZC, Yu HY, Zhao HJ, Wang SJ. Research progress on astrocyte autophagy in ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:951536. [PMID: 36110390 PMCID: PMC9468275 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.951536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a highly disabling and potentially fatal disease. After ischemic stroke, autophagy plays a key regulatory role as an intracellular catabolic pathway for misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Mounting evidence indicates that astrocytes are strongly linked to the occurrence and development of cerebral ischemia. In recent years, great progress has been made in the investigation of astrocyte autophagy during ischemic stroke. This article summarizes the roles and potential mechanisms of astrocyte autophagy in ischemic stroke, briefly expounds on the crosstalk of astrocyte autophagy with pathological mechanisms and its potential protective effect on neurons, and reviews astrocytic autophagy-targeted therapeutic methods for cerebral ischemia. The broader aim of the report is to provide new perspectives and strategies for the treatment of cerebral ischemia and a reference for future research on cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Su
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Zhai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bing-Bing Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hua-Yun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Jun Zhao
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shi-Jun Wang
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13
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Bezu L, Wu Chuang A, Sauvat A, Humeau J, Xie W, Cerrato G, Liu P, Zhao L, Zhang S, Le Naour J, Pol J, van Endert P, Kepp O, Barlesi F, Kroemer G. Local anesthetics elicit immune-dependent anticancer effects. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004151. [PMID: 35483744 PMCID: PMC9052055 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective clinical trials reported a reduced local relapse rate, as well as improved overall survival after injection of local anesthetics during cancer surgery. Here, we investigated the anticancer effects of six local anesthetics used in clinical practice. RESULTS In vitro, local anesthetics induced signs of cancer cell stress including inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, and induction of autophagy as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress characterized by the splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) mRNA, cleavage of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), phosphorylation of eIF2α and subsequent upregulation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Both eIF2α phosphorylation and autophagy required the ER stress-relevant eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3, best known as PERK). Local anesthetics also activated two hallmarks of immunogenic cell death, namely, the release of ATP and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), yet failed to cause the translocation of calreticulin (CALR) from the ER to the plasma membrane. In vivo, locally injected anesthetics decreased tumor growth and improved survival in several models of tumors established in immunocompetent mice. Systemic immunotherapy with PD-1 blockade or intratumoral injection of recombinant CALR protein, increased the antitumor effects of local anesthetics. Local anesthetics failed to induce antitumor effects in immunodeficient mice or against cancers unable to activate ER stress or autophagy due to the knockout of EIF2AK3/PERK or ATG5, respectively. Uncoupling agents that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and induce autophagy and ER stress mimicked the immune-dependent antitumor effects of local anesthetics. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results indicate that local anesthetics induce a therapeutically relevant pattern of immunogenic stress responses in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucillia Bezu
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Anesthesiology Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Alejandra Wu Chuang
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Allan Sauvat
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Juliette Humeau
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wei Xie
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Giulia Cerrato
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Julie Le Naour
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université de Paris Cité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Aix Marseille University, INSERM, CNRS, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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14
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Lapaquette P, Ducreux A, Basmaciyan L, Paradis T, Bon F, Bataille A, Winckler P, Hube B, d’Enfert C, Esclatine A, Dubus E, Bringer MA, Morel E, Dalle F. Membrane protective role of autophagic machinery during infection of epithelial cells by Candida albicans. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2004798. [PMID: 35086419 PMCID: PMC8803057 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2004798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections ranging from superficial to life-threatening disseminated infections. In a susceptible host, C. albicans is able to translocate through the gut barrier, promoting its dissemination into deeper organs. C. albicans hyphae can invade human epithelial cells by two well-documented mechanisms: epithelial-driven endocytosis and C. albicans-driven active penetration. One mechanism by which host cells protect themselves against intracellular C. albicans is termed autophagy. The protective role of autophagy during C. albicans infection has been investigated in myeloid cells; however, far less is known regarding the role of this process during the infection of epithelial cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of autophagy-related proteins during the infection of epithelial cells, including intestinal epithelial cells and gut explants, by C. albicans. Using cell imaging, we show that key molecular players of the autophagy machinery (LC3-II, PI3P, ATG16L1, and WIPI2) were recruited at Candida invasion sites. We deepened these observations by electron microscopy analyses that reveal the presence of autophagosomes in the vicinity of invading hyphae. Importantly, these events occur during active penetration of C. albicans into host cells and are associated with plasma membrane damage. In this context, we show that the autophagy-related key proteins ATG5 and ATG16L1 contribute to plasma membrane repair mediated by lysosomal exocytosis and participate in protecting epithelial cells against C. albicans-induced cell death. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which epithelial cells, forming the first line of defense against C. albicans in the gut, can react to limit C. albicans invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lapaquette
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, Dijon, France,CONTACT Pierre Lapaquette Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | - Amandine Ducreux
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | - Louise Basmaciyan
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, Dijon, France,Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Plateforme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire Gérard Mack, Dijon, France
| | - Tracy Paradis
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | - Fabienne Bon
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | | | - Pascale Winckler
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, Dijon, France,Dimacell Imaging Facility, Agrosup Dijon, INRA, INSERM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany,Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christophe d’Enfert
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, USC2019 INRA, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Esclatine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elisabeth Dubus
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Etienne Morel
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Dalle
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, Dijon, France,Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Plateforme de Biologie Hospitalo-Universitaire Gérard Mack, Dijon, France,Frédéric Dalle Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie
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15
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Castro-Gonzalez S, Chen Y, Benjamin J, Shi Y, Serra-Moreno R. Residues T 48 and A 49 in HIV-1 NL4-3 Nef are responsible for the counteraction of autophagy initiation, which prevents the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Gag through autophagosomes. Retrovirology 2021; 18:33. [PMID: 34711257 PMCID: PMC8555152 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy plays an important role as a cellular defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens, like viruses. Specifically, autophagy orchestrates the recruitment of specialized cargo, including viral components needed for replication, for lysosomal degradation. In addition to this primary role, the cleavage of viral structures facilitates their association with pattern recognition receptors and MHC-I/II complexes, which assists in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses against these pathogens. Importantly, whereas autophagy restricts the replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), this virus has evolved the gene nef to circumvent this process through the inhibition of early and late stages of the autophagy cascade. Despite recent advances, many details of the mutual antagonism between HIV-1 and autophagy still remain unknown. Here, we uncover the genetic determinants that drive the autophagy-mediated restriction of HIV-1 as well as the counteraction imposed by Nef. Additionally, we also examine the implications of autophagy antagonism in HIV-1 infectivity. Results We found that sustained activation of autophagy potently inhibits HIV-1 replication through the degradation of HIV-1 Gag, and that this effect is more prominent for nef-deficient viruses. Gag re-localizes to autophagosomes where it interacts with the autophagosome markers LC3 and SQSTM1. Importantly, autophagy-mediated recognition and recruitment of Gag requires the myristoylation and ubiquitination of this virus protein, two post-translational modifications that are essential for Gag’s central role in virion assembly and budding. We also identified residues T48 and A49 in HIV-1 NL4-3 Nef as responsible for impairing the early stages of autophagy. Finally, a survey of pandemic HIV-1 transmitted/founder viruses revealed that these isolates are highly resistant to autophagy restriction. Conclusions This study provides evidence that autophagy antagonism is important for virus replication and suggests that the ability of Nef to counteract autophagy may have played an important role in mucosal transmission. Hence, disabling Nef in combination with the pharmacological manipulation of autophagy represents a promising strategy to prevent HIV spread. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12977-021-00576-y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuexuan Chen
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jared Benjamin
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuhang Shi
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Serra-Moreno
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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16
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Franco-Romero A, Sandri M. Role of autophagy in muscle disease. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 82:101041. [PMID: 34625292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Beside inherited muscle diseases many catabolic conditions such as insulin resistance, malnutrition, cancer growth, aging, infections, chronic inflammatory status, inactivity, obesity are characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength and function. The decrease of muscle quality and quantity increases morbidity, mortality and has a major impact on the quality of life. One of the pathogenetic mechanisms of muscle wasting is the dysregulation of the main protein and organelles quality control system of the cell: the autophagy-lysosome. This review will focus on the role of the autophagy-lysosome system in the different conditions of muscle loss. We will also dissect the signalling pathways that are involved in excessive or defective autophagy regulation. Finally, the state of the art of autophagy modulators that have been used in preclinical or clinical studies to ameliorate muscle mass will be also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Franco-Romero
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy; Myology Center, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35100, Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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17
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Manzéger A, Tagscherer K, Lőrincz P, Szaker H, Lukácsovich T, Pilz P, Kméczik R, Csikós G, Erdélyi M, Sass M, Kovács T, Vellai T, Billes VA. Condition-dependent functional shift of two Drosophila Mtmr lipid phosphatases in autophagy control. Autophagy 2021; 17:4010-4028. [PMID: 33779490 PMCID: PMC8726729 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1899681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotubularin (MTM) and myotubularin-related (MTMR) lipid phosphatases catalyze the removal of a phosphate group from certain phosphatidylinositol derivatives. Because some of these substrates are required for macroautophagy/autophagy, during which unwanted cytoplasmic constituents are delivered into lysosomes for degradation, MTM and MTMRs function as important regulators of the autophagic process. Despite its physiological and medical significance, the specific role of individual MTMR paralogs in autophagy control remains largely unexplored. Here we examined two Drosophila MTMRs, EDTP and Mtmr6, the fly orthologs of mammalian MTMR14 and MTMR6 to MTMR8, respectively, and found that these enzymes affect the autophagic process in a complex, condition-dependent way. EDTP inhibited basal autophagy, but did not influence stress-induced autophagy. In contrast, Mtmr6 promoted the process under nutrient-rich settings, but effectively blocked its hyperactivation in response to stress. Thus, Mtmr6 is the first identified MTMR phosphatase with dual, antagonistic roles in the regulation of autophagy, and shows conditional antagonism/synergism with EDTP in modulating autophagic breakdown. These results provide a deeper insight into the adjustment of autophagy. Abbreviations: Atg, autophagy-related; BDSC, Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center; DGRC, Drosophila Genetic Resource Center; EDTP, Egg-derived tyrosine phosphatase; FYVE, zinc finger domain from Fab1 (yeast ortholog of PIKfyve), YOTB, Vac1 (vesicle transport protein) and EEA1 cysteine-rich proteins; LTR, LysoTracker Red; MTM, myotubularin; MTMR, myotubularin-related; PI, phosphatidylinositol; Pi3K59F, Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 59F; PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PtdIns(3,5)P2, phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate; PtdIns5P, phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate; ref(2)P, refractory to sigma P; Syx17, Syntaxin 17; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; UAS, upstream activating sequence; Uvrag, UV-resistance associated gene; VDRC, Vienna Drosophila RNAi Center; Vps34, Vacuolar protein sorting 34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Manzéger
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Tagscherer
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Premium Postdoctoral Research Program, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henrik Szaker
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Lukácsovich
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Petra Pilz
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regina Kméczik
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - George Csikós
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Erdélyi
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sass
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor A Billes
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Claude-Taupin A, Morel E. Phosphoinositides: Functions in autophagy-related stress responses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158903. [PMID: 33578048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are key lipids in eukaryotes, regulating organelles' identity and function. Their synthesis and turnover require specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events that are ensured by dedicated lipid kinases and phosphatases, which modulate the structure of the inositol ring by adding or removing phosphates on positions 3, 4 or 5. Beside their implication in intracellular signalization and cytoskeleton dynamics, phosphoinositides are essential for vesicular transport along intracellular trafficking routes, by providing molecular scaffolds to membrane related events such as budding, fission or fusion. Robust and detailed literature demonstrated that some members of the phosphoinositides family are crucial for the autophagy pathway, acting as fine tuners and regulators. In this review, we discuss the known functions of phosphoinositides in autophagy canonical processes, such as during autophagosome formation, as well as the importance of phosphoinositides in organelle-based processes directly connected to the autophagic machinery, such as endosomal dynamics, ciliogenesis and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Claude-Taupin
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Morel
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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19
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Randhawa PK, Scanlon K, Rappaport J, Gupta MK. Modulation of Autophagy by SARS-CoV-2: A Potential Threat for Cardiovascular System. Front Physiol 2020; 11:611275. [PMID: 33329064 PMCID: PMC7734100 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.611275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have witnessed an unprecedented increase in the number of patients suffering from respiratory tract illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COVID-19 virus is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a genome size of ~29.9 kb. It is believed that the viral spike (S) protein attaches to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 cell surface receptors and, eventually, the virus gains access into the host cell with the help of intracellular/extracellular proteases or by the endosomal pathway. Once, the virus enters the host cell, it can either be degraded via autophagy or evade autophagic degradation and replicate using the virus encoded RNA dependent RNA polymerase. The virus is highly contagious and can impair the respiratory system of the host causing dyspnea, cough, fever, and tightness in the chest. This disease is also characterized by an abrupt upsurge in the levels of proinflammatory/inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factors in a process known as cytokine storm. Certain reports have suggested that COVID-19 infection can aggravate cardiovascular complications, in fact, the individuals with underlying co-morbidities are more prone to the disease. In this review, we shall discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, potential drug candidates, the interaction between virus and autophagy, and the role of coronavirus in exaggerating cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Kaylyn Scanlon
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Manish K. Gupta
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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20
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Dudley LJ, Makar AN, Gammoh N. Membrane targeting of core autophagy players during autophagosome biogenesis. FEBS J 2020; 287:4806-4821. [PMID: 32301577 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagosomes are vital organelles required to facilitate the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic cargo, thereby playing an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. A number of autophagy-related (ATG) protein complexes are recruited to the site of autophagosome biogenesis where they act to facilitate membrane growth and maturation. Regulated recruitment of ATG complexes to autophagosomal membranes is essential for their autophagic activities and is required to ensure the efficient engulfment of cargo destined for lysosomal degradation. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the spatiotemporal hierarchy between ATG proteins, examining the mechanisms underlying their recruitment to membranes. A particular focus is placed on the relevance of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and the extent to which the core autophagy players are reliant on this lipid for their localisation to autophagic membranes. In addition, open questions and potential future research directions regarding the membrane recruitment and displacement of ATG proteins are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo J Dudley
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Agata N Makar
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Noor Gammoh
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Crowley E, Leung E, Reynisson J, Richardson A. Rapid changes in the ATG5-ATG16L1 complex following nutrient deprivation measured using NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBIT). FEBS J 2020; 287:4917-4932. [PMID: 32129924 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a role in several human diseases, but each of the current methods to measure autophagy has significant drawbacks. ATG5 and ATG16L1 are regulators necessary for autophagy; therefore, drugs that inhibit the interaction of these proteins may be therapeutically useful. To evaluate the interaction of ATG5 and ATG16L1 in cells, their cDNAs were fused to the coding sequences of SmBIT and LgBIT, two components of NanoLuc luciferase. This generated a luminescent signal when SmBIT and LgBIT interacted to form a functional luciferase as a result of their colocalization that was brought about by the binding of ATG5 and ATG16L1. The assay measures the interaction in real time and can be used in microplate format to allow for multiple experimental conditions to be assessed. The interaction of ATG5 and ATG16L1 is not significantly altered by inhibition of lysosomal function, or inhibitors of Ulk1, Vps34 or mTORC1. However, there was a constitutive interaction of ATG5 and ATG16L1 and luminescence was stimulated within 3 min, by up to 500%, when the cells were deprived of nutrients. When the nutrients are returned, the complex returns to its basal status equally rapidly. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and CYM-5541 partially repressed the effects of nutrient starvation. Furthermore, we identified a small-molecule inhibitor that interferes with the interaction of ATG5 and ATG16L1 in cells. This assay provides a novel tool for researchers to measure autophagy and can be potentially applied to many cell types. DATABASE: Replicate data are available in Figshare database https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11798946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Crowley
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Alan Richardson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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22
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Boukhalfa A, Nascimbeni AC, Ramel D, Dupont N, Hirsch E, Gayral S, Laffargue M, Codogno P, Morel E. PI3KC2α-dependent and VPS34-independent generation of PI3P controls primary cilium-mediated autophagy in response to shear stress. Nat Commun 2020; 11:294. [PMID: 31941925 PMCID: PMC6962367 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells subjected to stress situations mobilize specific membranes and proteins to initiate autophagy. Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), a crucial lipid in membrane dynamics, is known to be essential in this context. In addition to nutriments deprivation, autophagy is also triggered by fluid-flow induced shear stress in epithelial cells, and this specific autophagic response depends on primary cilium (PC) signaling and leads to cell size regulation. Here we report that PI3KC2α, required for ciliogenesis and PC functions, promotes the synthesis of a local pool of PI3P upon shear stress. We show that PI3KC2α depletion in cells subjected to shear stress abolishes ciliogenesis as well as the autophagy and related cell size regulation. We finally show that PI3KC2α and VPS34, the two main enzymes responsible for PI3P synthesis, have different roles during autophagy, depending on the type of cellular stress: while VPS34 is clearly required for starvation-induced autophagy, PI3KC2α participates only in shear stress-dependent autophagy. The primary cilium is required for the autophagic response to shear stress. Here, the authors show that PI3KC2α has a role in ciliogenesis and promotes local PI3P production upon shear stress to induce autophagy that is distinct from VPS34-driven starvation-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Boukhalfa
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151 CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anna Chiara Nascimbeni
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151 CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Damien Ramel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM UMR 1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151 CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stephanie Gayral
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM UMR 1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM UMR 1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151 CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Etienne Morel
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151 CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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23
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Gao G, Sheng Y, Yang H, Chua BT, Xu L. DFCP1 associates with lipid droplets. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1492-1504. [PMID: 31293035 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Double FYVE-containing protein 1 (DFCP1) is ubiquitously expressed, participates in intracellular membrane trafficking and labels omegasomes through specific interactions with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P). Previous studies showed that subcellular DFCP1 proteins display multi-organelle localization, including in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. However, its localization and function on lipid droplets (LDs) remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that DFCP1 localizes to the LD upon oleic acid incubation. The ER-targeted domain of DFCP1 is indispensable for its LD localization, which is further enhanced by double FYVE domains. Inhibition of PI3P binding at the FYVE domain through wortmannin treatment or double mutation at C654S and C770S have no effect on DFCP1's LD localization. These show that the mechanisms for DFCP1 targeting the omegasome and LDs are different. DFCP1 deficiency in MEF cells causes an increase in LD number and reduces LD size. Interestingly, DFCP1 interacts with GTP-bound Rab18, an LD-associated protein. Taken together, our work demonstrates the dynamic localization of DFCP1 is regulated by nutritional status in response to cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Boon Tin Chua
- The Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
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24
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Sanchez-Martin P, Lahuerta M, Viana R, Knecht E, Sanz P. Regulation of the autophagic PI3KC3 complex by laforin/malin E3-ubiquitin ligase, two proteins involved in Lafora disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118613. [PMID: 31758957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy is a fatal rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of insoluble abnormal glycogen deposits in the brain and peripheral tissues. Mutations in at least two genes are responsible for the disease: EPM2A, encoding the glucan phosphatase laforin, and EPM2B, encoding the RING-type E3-ubiquitin ligase malin. Both laforin and malin form a functional complex in which laforin recruits the substrates to be ubiquitinated by malin. We and others have described that, in cellular and animal models of this disease, there is an autophagy impairment which leads to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. In addition, we established that the autophagic defect occurred at the initial steps of autophagosome formation. In this work, we present evidence that in cellular models of the disease there is a decrease in the amount of phosphatidylinositol-3P. This is probably due to defective regulation of the autophagic PI3KC3 complex, in the absence of a functional laforin/malin complex. In fact, we demonstrate that the laforin/malin complex interacts physically and co-localizes intracellularly with core components of the PI3KC3 complex (Beclin1, Vps34 and Vps15), and that this interaction is specific and results in the polyubiquitination of these proteins. In addition, the laforin/malin complex is also able to polyubiquitinate ATG14L and UVRAG. Finally, we show that overexpression of the laforin/malin complex increases PI3KC3 activity. All these results suggest a new role of the laforin/malin complex in the activation of autophagy via regulation of the PI3KC3 complex and explain the defect in autophagy described in Lafora disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sanchez-Martin
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcos Lahuerta
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Viana
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Erwin Knecht
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascual Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.
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25
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Tovell H, Testa A, Maniaci C, Zhou H, Prescott AR, Macartney T, Ciulli A, Alessi DR. Rapid and Reversible Knockdown of Endogenously Tagged Endosomal Proteins via an Optimized HaloPROTAC Degrader. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:882-892. [PMID: 30978004 PMCID: PMC6528276 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inducing
post-translational protein knockdown is an important approach
to probe biology and validate drug targets. An efficient strategy
to achieve this involves expression of a protein of interest fused
to an exogenous tag, allowing tag-directed chemical degraders to mediate
protein ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Here, we combine
improved HaloPROTAC degrader probes with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing
technology to trigger rapid degradation of endogenous target proteins.
Our optimized probe, HaloPROTAC-E, a chloroalkane conjugate of high-affinity
VHL binder VH298, induced reversible degradation of two endosomally
localized proteins, SGK3 and VPS34, with a DC50 of 3–10
nM. HaloPROTAC-E induced rapid (∼50% degradation after 30 min)
and complete (Dmax of ∼95% at 48
h) depletion of Halo-tagged SGK3, blocking downstream phosphorylation
of the SGK3 substrate NDRG1. HaloPROTAC-E more potently induced greater
steady state degradation of Halo tagged endogenous VPS34 than the
previously reported HaloPROTAC3 compound. Quantitative global proteomics
revealed that HaloPROTAC-E is remarkably selective inducing only degradation
of the Halo tagged endogenous VPS34 complex (VPS34, VPS15, Beclin1,
and ATG14) and no other proteins were significantly degraded. This
study exemplifies the combination of HaloPROTACs with CRISPR/Cas9
endogenous protein tagging as a useful method to induce rapid and
reversible degradation of endogenous proteins to interrogate their
function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Tovell
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Andrea Testa
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Chiara Maniaci
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Houjiang Zhou
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Alan R Prescott
- Dundee Imaging Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Thomas Macartney
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Dario R Alessi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
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26
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Definition of phosphoinositide distribution in the nanoscale. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 57:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Grasso D, Renna FJ, Vaccaro MI. Initial Steps in Mammalian Autophagosome Biogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:146. [PMID: 30406104 PMCID: PMC6206277 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, autophagy has been pointed out as a central process in cellular homeostasis with the consequent implication in most cellular settings and human diseases pathology. At present, there is significant data available about molecular mechanisms that regulate autophagy. Nevertheless, autophagy pathway itself and its importance in different cellular aspects are still not completely clear. In this article, we are focused in four main aspects: (a) Induction of Autophagy: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism induced by nutrient starvation or lack of growth factors. In higher eukaryotes, autophagy is a cell response to stress which starts as a consequence of organelle damage, such as oxidative species and other stress conditions. (b) Initiation of Autophagy; The two major actors in this signaling process are mTOR and AMPK. These multitasking protein complexes are capable to summarize the whole environmental, nutritional, and energetic status of the cell and promote the autophagy induction by means of the ULK1-Complex, that is the first member in the autophagy initiation. (c) ULK1-Complex: This is a highly regulated complex responsible for the initiation of autophagosome formation. We review the post-transductional modifications of this complex, considering the targets of ULK1. (d)The mechanisms involved in autophagosome formation. In this section we discuss the main events that lead to the initial structures in autophagy. The BECN1-Complex with PI3K activity and the proper recognition of PI3P are one of these. Also, the transmembrane proteins, such as VMP1 and ATG9, are critically involved. The membrane origin and the cellular localization of autophagosome biogenesis will be also considered. Hence, in this article we present an overview of the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the initial steps of mammalian cell autophagosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grasso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Felipe Javier Renna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ines Vaccaro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wright FA, Bonzerato CG, Sliter DA, Wojcikiewicz RJH. The erlin2 T65I mutation inhibits erlin1/2 complex-mediated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor ubiquitination and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate binding. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15706-15714. [PMID: 30135210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The erlin1/2 complex is a ∼2-MDa endoplasmic reticulum membrane-located ensemble of the ∼40-kDa type II membrane proteins erlin1 and erlin2. The best defined function of this complex is to mediate the ubiquitination of activated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and their subsequent degradation. However, it remains unclear how mutations of the erlin1/2 complex affect its cellular function and cause cellular dysfunction and diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia. Here, we used gene editing to ablate erlin1 or erlin2 expression to better define their individual roles in the cell and examined the functional effects of a spastic paraplegia-linked mutation to erlin2 (threonine to isoleucine at position 65; T65I). Our results revealed that erlin2 is the dominant player in mediating the interaction between the erlin1/2 complex and IP3Rs and that the T65I mutation dramatically inhibits this interaction and the ability of the erlin1/2 complex to promote IP3R ubiquitination and degradation. Remarkably, we also discovered that the erlin1/2 complex specifically binds to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, that erlin2 binds this phospholipid much more strongly than does erlin1, that the binding is inhibited by T65I mutation of erlin2, and that multiple determinants within the erlin2 polypeptide comprise the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding site. Overall, these results indicate that erlin2 is the primary mediator of the cellular roles of the erlin1/2 complex and that disease-linked mutations of erlin2 can affect both IP3R processing and lipid binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest A Wright
- From the Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210 and
| | - Caden G Bonzerato
- From the Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210 and
| | - Danielle A Sliter
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Richard J H Wojcikiewicz
- From the Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210 and
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