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Jia Y, Yao Y, Fan L, Huang Q, Wei G, Shen P, Sun J, Zhu G, Sun Z, Zhu C, Han X. Tumor microenvironment responsive nano-herb and CRISPR delivery system for synergistic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:346. [PMID: 38898493 PMCID: PMC11186293 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains a significant challenge for effective breast cancer treatment which leads to cancer recurrence. CRISPR-directed gene editing becomes a powerful tool to reduce chemoresistance by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. Previous research has revealed that Chinese herbal extracts have significant potential to overcome tumor chemoresistance. However, the therapeutic efficacy is often limited due to their poor tumor targeting and in vivo durability. Here we have developed a tumor microenvironment responsive nanoplatform (H-MnO2(ISL + DOX)-PTPN2@HA, M(I + D)PH) for nano-herb and CRISPR codelivery to reduce chemoresistance. Synergistic tumor inhibitory effects were achieved by the treatment of isoliquiritigenin (ISL) with doxorubicin (DOX), which were enhanced by CRISPR-based gene editing to target protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) to initiate long-term immunotherapy. Efficient PTPN2 depletion was observed after treatment with M(I + D)PH nanoparticles, which resulted in the recruitment of intratumoral infiltrating lymphocytes and an increase of proinflammatory cytokines in the tumor tissue. Overall, our nanoparticle platform provides a diverse technique for accomplishing synergistic chemotherapy and immunotherapy, which offers an effective treatment alternative for malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuhui Yao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Lingyao Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Qiqing Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guohao Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Peiliang Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gaoshuang Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Chuandong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China.
| | - Xin Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Contreras-Puentes N, Alviz-Amador A, Zabaleta-Guzman JA, Pineda-Aleman R, Taron-Dunoyer A. Identification of Genes Hub Associated with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Cannabidiol Analogs Potential Inhibitory Agents: An In-silico Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:1649-1661. [PMID: 38809637 PMCID: PMC11318821 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.5.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triple-negative breast cancer presents a significant challenge in oncology due to its complex treatment and aggressive nature. This subtype lacks common cancer cell receptors like estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 receptors. This study aimed to identify, through bioinformatic analysis, the key genes associated with triple-negative breast cancer. In addition, CBD analogs with potential inhibitory effects on these genes were evaluated through docking and molecular dynamics. METHODS Gene expression profiles from the GSE178748 dataset were analyzed, focusing on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Differentially expressed genes were determined through protein-protein interaction networks and subsequently validated. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of cannabidiol analogs on these hub genes were assessed using molecular docking and dynamics. RESULTS Analysis of the hub highlighted RPL7A, NHP2L1, and PSMD11 as significant players in TNBC regulation. Ligand 44409296 showed the best affinity energy with RPL7A, while 166505341 exhibited the highest affinity with NHP2L1 and PSMD11, surpassing CBD. Analyses of RMSD, RMSF, SASA, and Gyration Radius indicated structural stability and interactions of the proteins with ligands over time. MMGBSA calculations showed favorable binding energies for the ligands with the target proteins. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study identified key genes, namely RPL7A, NHP2L1, and PSMD11, associated with triple-negative breast cancer and demonstrated promising interactions with cannabidiol analogs, particularly 44409296 and 166505341. These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets and highlight the relevance of further clinical investigations. Additionally, the ligands exhibited favorable ADME properties and low toxicity, underscoring their potential in future drug development for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antistio Alviz-Amador
- Pharmacology and Therapeutic group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena D.T. y C. Colombia.
| | | | - Rafael Pineda-Aleman
- Pharmacology and Therapeutic group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena D.T. y C. Colombia.
| | - Arnulfo Taron-Dunoyer
- GIBAE Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, D.T. y C, Colombia.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zhang W, Tian Y, Sethi G, Zhang X, Qiu A. Molecular panorama of therapy resistance in prostate cancer: a pre-clinical and bioinformatics analysis for clinical translation. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:229-260. [PMID: 38374496 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant disorder of prostate gland being asymptomatic in early stages and high metastatic potential in advanced stages. The chemotherapy and surgical resection have provided favourable prognosis of PCa patients, but advanced and aggressive forms of PCa including CRPC and AVPC lack response to therapy properly, and therefore, prognosis of patients is deteriorated. At the advanced stages, PCa cells do not respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a satisfactory level, and therefore, therapy resistance is emerged. Molecular profile analysis of PCa cells reveals the apoptosis suppression, pro-survival autophagy induction, and EMT induction as factors in escalating malignant of cancer cells and development of therapy resistance. The dysregulation in molecular profile of PCa including upregulation of STAT3 and PI3K/Akt, downregulation of STAT3, and aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs are determining factor for response of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Because of prevalence of drug resistance in PCa, combination therapy including co-utilization of anti-cancer drugs and nanotherapeutic approaches has been suggested in PCa therapy. As a result of increase in DNA damage repair, PCa cells induce radioresistance and RelB overexpression prevents irradiation-mediated cell death. Similar to chemotherapy, nanomaterials are promising for promoting radiosensitivity through delivery of cargo, improving accumulation in PCa cells, and targeting survival-related pathways. In respect to emergence of immunotherapy as a new tool in PCa suppression, tumour cells are able to increase PD-L1 expression and inactivate NK cells in mediating immune evasion. The bioinformatics analysis for evaluation of drug resistance-related genes has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Aiming Qiu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Fifth People's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, China.
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Kwantwi LB. The dual role of autophagy in the regulation of cancer treatment. Amino Acids 2024; 56:7. [PMID: 38310598 PMCID: PMC10838838 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
As a catabolic process, autophagy through lysosomes degrades defective and damaged cellular materials to support homeostasis in stressful conditions. Therefore, autophagy dysregulation is associated with the induction of several human pathologies, including cancer. Although the role of autophagy in cancer progression has been extensively studied, many issues need to be addressed. The available evidence suggest that autophagy shows both cytoprotective and cytotoxic mechanisms. This dual role of autophagy in cancer has supplied a renewed interest in the development of novel and effective cancer therapies. Considering this, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in cancer treatment is crucial. This article provides a summary of the recent advances regarding the dual and different mechanisms of autophagy-mediated therapeutic efficacy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Boafo Kwantwi
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Jiang D, Liu X, Tan R, Zhu Y, Zhang L. Euphorbia factor L2 suppresses the generation of liver metastatic ascites in breast cancer via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:8. [PMID: 38063231 PMCID: PMC10712698 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with breast cancer, in part due to the lack of effective treatments. Euphorbia factor L2 (EFL2) is a diterpenoid extracted from Euphorbia lathyris L. seeds, which has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its anticancer effect. However, the role and molecular mechanism of EFL2 in breast cancer liver metastasis remain unclear. In the present study, a breast cancer liver metastasis model was constructed and the effect of EFL2 on ascites generation in mice was examined. H&E staining detected inflammatory cells and tumor cells in the liver, small intestine and tumor tissues. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing‑3 (NLRP3) and related molecules in tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the levels of CD4 and CD8 T cells in tumor tissue and immunofluorescence was used to further detect the expression level of NLRP3. Finally, the aforementioned experiments were further verified by overexpressing NLPR3. It was found that EFL2 inhibited generation of ascites in the model in a dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, EFL2 inhibited tumor cell metastasis and enhanced immune cell infiltration. Meanwhile, EFL2 dose‑dependently downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3 and related molecules in the model, and overexpression of NLRP3 abolished these beneficial effects of EFL2. Taken together, the present experimental data suggested that EFL2 has a significant inhibitory effect on ascites of breast cancer liver metastasis in vivo, which may inhibit tumor cell metastasis by downregulating NLRP3 expression, providing an experimental basis for treating breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjing Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Research Office, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Research Office, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Rulan Tan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Research Office, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Research Office, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Jin Z, Wang D, Lv H, Wu B, Li Z, Guo X, Wang H, Yang S. Loss of the adaptor protein Sh3bgrl initiates ovarian fibrosis in zebrafish. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2643-2655. [PMID: 37698355 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian fibrosis is a reproduction obstacle leading to female infertility in vertebrates, but the cause underlying the cellular events is unclear. Here, we found that the small adaptor protein SH3-domain-binding glutamate-rich protein like (Sh3bgrl) plays an important role in female reproduction in zebrafish. Two sh3bgrl mutant alleles that result in sh3bgrl depletion contribute to female spawning inability. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that sh3bgrl knockout mechanistically causes the upregulation of genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) and fiber generation in the zebrafish ovary. Consequently, extra ECM or fibers accumulate and are deposited in the ovary, resulting in eventual spawning inability. Our findings thus provide insights into understanding the underlying mechanism of infertility by ovarian fibrosis and provide a novel and valuable model to study female reproduction abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haimei Lv
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihe Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulan Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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邓 金, 潘 腾, 周 广, 高 悦, 彭 伟, 魏 玮, 吕 纯. [High expression of secretogranin II increases oxaliplatin resistance of colorectal cancer cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:1657-1664. [PMID: 37933640 PMCID: PMC10630195 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of secretogranin II (SCG2) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and its impact on oxaliplatin resistance of CRC cells. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry to detect the expression level of SCG2 on a tissue microarray containing 96 CRC and 84 adjacent tissues and analyzed the association of SCG2 expression with the clinical features of the CRC patients. SCG2 expression was also measured in DLD1 cells treated with oxaliplatin using immunoblotting and RT-qPCR analyses. The effects of SCG2 expression on oxaliplatin sensitivity and cell viability were evaluated in a DLD1 cell model of SCG2 knockout established using CRISPR-cas9 technique, and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected using Western blotting and RT-qPCR. We further examined SCG2 expression levels in an oxaliplatin-resistant DLD1 cell line and its parental DLD1 cells. RESULTS SCG2 expression was significantly increased in CRC tissues as compared with the adjacent tissues (1.932±0.816 vs 1), and the tumor tissues in advanced stages showed higher SCG2 expression levels. In DLD1 cells, treatment with oxaliplatin significantly increased SCG2 expression, and SCG2 knockout obviously increased oxaliplatin sensitivity of the cells and enhanced the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins. Compared with the parental cells, oxaliplatin-resistant DLD1 cells showed a significant increase of SCG2 expression by 3.901±0.471 folds. CONCLUSION SCG2 may serve as a risk gene in CRC, and its high expression increases oxaliplatin resistance of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 金海 邓
- 北京大学基础医学院免疫学系;卫生部医学免疫学重点实验室;北京大学人类疾病基因研究中心,北京 100191Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology; Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 湖南自兴智慧医疗科技有限公司,湖南 长沙 410221Hunan Zixing Intelligent Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410221, China
| | - 腾 潘
- 天津医科大学肿瘤医院国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心;天津市"肿瘤防治"重点实验室;天津市恶性肿瘤临床医学研究中心,天津 300202Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
| | - 广林 周
- 深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院//汕头大学医学院龙岗妇幼临床学院,广东 深圳 518172Department of Breast Surgery, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital//Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - 悦 高
- 湖南自兴智慧医疗科技有限公司,湖南 长沙 410221Hunan Zixing Intelligent Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410221, China
| | - 伟雄 彭
- 湖南自兴智慧医疗科技有限公司,湖南 长沙 410221Hunan Zixing Intelligent Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410221, China
| | - 玮 魏
- 上海市浦东新区浦南医院肿瘤科,上海 200120Department of Oncology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - 纯鑫 吕
- 上海市浦东新区浦南医院肿瘤科,上海 200120Department of Oncology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200120, China
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Wu T, Shao Y, Li X, Wu T, Yu L, Liang J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Sun T, Zhu Y, Chang X, Wang S, Chen F, Han X. NR3C1/Glucocorticoid receptor activation promotes pancreatic β-cell autophagy overload in response to glucolipotoxicity. Autophagy 2023; 19:2538-2557. [PMID: 37039556 PMCID: PMC10392762 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2200625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex and heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Its core cause is progressively impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cell failures, usually upon a background of preexisting insulin resistance. Recent studies demonstrate that macroautophagy/autophagy is essential to maintain architecture and function of β-cells, whereas excessive autophagy is also involved in β-cell dysfunction and death. It has been poorly understood whether autophagy plays a protective or harmful role in β-cells, while we report here that it is dependent on NR3C1/glucocorticoid receptor activation. We proved that deleterious hyperactive autophagy happened only upon NR3C1 activation in β-cells under glucolipotoxic conditions, which eventually promoted diabetes. The transcriptome and the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylome revealed that NR3C1-enhancement upregulated the RNA demethylase FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) protein in β-cells, which caused diminished m6A modifications on mRNAs of four core Atg (autophagy related) genes (Atg12, Atg5, Atg16l2, Atg9a) and, hence, hyperactive autophagy and defective insulin output; by contrast, FTO inhibition, achieved by the specific FTO inhibitor Dac51, prevented NR3C1-instigated excessive autophagy activation. Importantly, Dac51 effectively alleviated impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance in hyperglycemic β-cell specific NR3C1 overexpression mice. Our results determine that the NR3C1-FTO-m6A modifications-Atg genes axis acts as a key mediator of balanced autophagic flux in pancreatic β-cells, which offers a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AAV: adeno-associated virus; Ac: acetylation; Ad: adenovirus; AL: autolysosome; ATG: autophagy related; AUC: area under curve; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; βNR3C1 mice: pancreatic β-cell-specific NR3C1 overexpression mice; cFBS: charcoal-stripped FBS; Ctrl: control; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FTO: fat mass and obesity associated; GC: glucocorticoid; GRE: glucocorticoid response element; GSIS: glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay; HFD: high-fat diet; HG: high glucose; HsND: non-diabetic human; HsT2D: type 2 diabetic human; i.p.: intraperitoneal injected; KSIS: potassium-stimulated insulin secretion assay; m6A: N6-methyladenosine; MeRIP-seq: methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing; NR3C1/GR: nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1; NR3C1-Enhc.: NR3C1-enhancement; NC: negative control; Palm.: palmitate; RNA-seq: RNA sequencing; T2D: type 2 diabetes; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; UTR: untranslated region; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixue Shao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xirui Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Chen JL, Wu X, Yin D, Jia XH, Chen X, Gu ZY, Zhu XM. Autophagy inhibitors for cancer therapy: Small molecules and nanomedicines. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108485. [PMID: 37406740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved process in which the cytosolic materials are degraded and eventually recycled for cellular metabolism to maintain homeostasis. The dichotomous role of autophagy in pathogenesis is complicated. Accumulating reports have suggested that cytoprotective autophagy is responsible for tumor growth and progression. Autophagy inhibitors, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are promising for treating malignancies or overcoming drug resistance in chemotherapy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials also show autophagy-inhibitory effects or are reported as the carriers delivering autophagy inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the small-molecule compounds and nanomaterials inhibiting autophagic flux as well as the mechanisms involved. The nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for autophagy inhibitors and their distinct advantages are also described. The progress of autophagy inhibitors for clinical applications is finally introduced, and their future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Dan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ze-Yun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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Qin Y, Ashrafizadeh M, Mongiardini V, Grimaldi B, Crea F, Rietdorf K, Győrffy B, Klionsky DJ, Ren J, Zhang W, Zhang X. Autophagy and cancer drug resistance in dialogue: Pre-clinical and clinical evidence. Cancer Lett 2023; 570:216307. [PMID: 37451426 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance is a major challenge for oncologists. Resistance can be categorized as acquired or intrinsic; the alteration of several biological mechanisms contributes to both intrinsic and acquired resistance. Macroautophagy/autophagy is the primary process in eukaryotes for the degradation of macromolecules and organelles. This process is critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Given its function as either a pro-survival or a pro-death phenomenon, autophagy has a complex physio-pathological role. In some circumstances, autophagy can confer chemoresistance and promote cell survival, whereas in others it can promote chemosensitivity and contribute to cell death. The role of autophagy in the modulation of cancer drug resistance reflects its impact on apoptosis and metastasis. The regulation of autophagy in cancer is mediated by various factors including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), MAPK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT, BECN1 and ATG proteins. Non-coding RNAs are among the main regulators of autophagy, e.g., via the modulation of chemoresistance pathways. Due to the significant contribution of autophagy in cancer drug resistance, small molecule modulators and natural compounds targeting autophagy have been introduced to alter the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Furthermore, nanotherapeutic approaches based on autophagy regulation have been introduced in pre-clinical cancer therapy. In this review we consider the potential for using autophagy regulators for the clinical treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Lab, Chifeng Cancer Hospital (The 2nd Affliated Hospital of Chifeng University), Chifeng University, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 024000, China.
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Vera Mongiardini
- Molecular Medicine Research Line, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Benedetto Grimaldi
- Molecular Medicine Research Line, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Katja Rietdorf
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tüzoltó u. 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tüzoltó u. 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary; Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudosok korutja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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Jin C, Wang T, Yang Y, Zhou P, Li J, Wu W, Lv X, Ma G, Wang A. Rational targeting of autophagy in colorectal cancer therapy: From molecular interactions to pharmacological compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115721. [PMID: 36965788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal progression of tumors has been a problem for treatment of cancer and therapeutic should be directed towards targeting main mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis in tumors. The genomic mutations can result in changes in biological mechanisms in human cancers. Colorectal cancer is one of the most malignant tumors of gastrointestinal tract and its treatment has been faced some difficulties due to development of resistance in tumor cells and also, their malignant behavior. Hence, new therapeutic modalities for colorectal cancer are being investigated. Autophagy is a "self-digestion" mechanism that is responsible for homeostasis preserving in cells and its aberrant activation/inhibition can lead to tumorigenesis. The current review focuses on the role of autophagy mechanism in colorectal cancer. Autophagy may be associated with increase/decrease in progression of colorectal cancer due to mutual function of this molecular mechanism. Pro-survival autophagy inhibits apoptosis to increase proliferation and survival rate of colorectal tumor cells and it is also involved in cancer metastasis maybe due to EMT induction. In contrast, pro-death autophagy decreases growth and invasion of colorectal tumor cells. The status of autophagy (upregulation and down-regulation) is a determining factor for therapy response in colorectal tumor cells. Therefore, targeting autophagy can increase sensitivity of colorectal tumor cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Interestingly, nanoparticles can be employed for targeting autophagy in cancer therapy and they can both induce/suppress autophagy in tumor cells. Furthermore, autophagy modulators can be embedded in nanostructures in improving tumor suppression and providing cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhui Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Tianbao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Pin Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Guoqing Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Aihong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China.
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Zhu W, Huang M, Thakur A, Yan Y, Wu X. FGF19 promotes cell autophagy and cisplatin chemoresistance by activating MAPK signaling in ovarian cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14827. [PMID: 36751636 PMCID: PMC9899438 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for ovarian cancer patients. Autophagy has been linked to chemotherapy resistance in tumor cells. Recent studies have suggested that fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) may be involved in the onset and progression of malignancies. However, the relationship between FGF19 and autophagy in ovarian cancer is still unknown. Methods Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted to analyze gene mutation profiles of 62 cases of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to validate the amplification of FGF19 in HGSOC tissues. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analyze the difference of FGF19 in mRNA and protein expression. Meanwhile, bioinformatics techniques were used to analyze the expression profiles of FGF19 and the correlation with prognosis. Besides, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) were used to investigate the potential mechanisms. Results In this study, we found that FGF19 promotes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by inducing autophagy. NGS analysis of 62 HGSOC cases identified a significantly amplified gene, FGF19. In addition, the expression level of FGF19 in ovarian cancer samples was higher than that in normal samples. FISH results showed a positive correlation between amplification and expression of FGF19. Knockdown of FGF19 inhibited the cell autophagy through decrease in the expression of LC3 and Beclin 1, and increase in the expression of SQSTM1/p62. Furthermore, we observed that p38 MAPK phosphorylation was down-regulated after FGF19 knockdown. IFN-γ, a potential p38 MAPK activator, counteracted the inhibition of cell autophagy and the anti-proliferation effect of cisplatin induced by FGF19 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells. Conclusion FGF19 increases autophagy and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer by activating the p38 MAPK pathway. These results could point to FGF19 being a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiyuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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