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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Kanduc D, Dewanjee S, Kandimalla R, Shoenfeld Y, Porter AL, Tsatsakis A. Modifiable contributing factors to COVID-19: A comprehensive review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 171:113511. [PMID: 36450305 PMCID: PMC9701571 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The devastating complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) result from an individual's dysfunctional immune response following the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple toxic stressors and behaviors contribute to underlying immune system dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 exploits the dysfunctional immune system to trigger a chain of events ultimately leading to COVID-19. The current study identifies eighty immune system dysfunction-enabling toxic stressors and behaviors (hereafter called modifiable contributing factors (CFs)) that also link directly to COVID-19. Each CF is assigned to one of the five categories in the CF taxonomy shown in Section 3.3.: Lifestyle (e.g., diet, substance abuse); Iatrogenic (e.g., drugs, surgery); Biotoxins (e.g., micro-organisms, mycotoxins); Occupational/Environmental (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides); Psychosocial/Socioeconomic (e.g., chronic stress, lower education). The current study shows how each modifiable factor contributes to decreased immune system capability, increased inflammation and coagulation, and increased neural damage and neurodegeneration. It is unclear how real progress can be made in combatting COVID-19 and other similar diseases caused by viral variants without addressing and eliminating these modifiable CFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Neil Kostoff
- Independent Consultant, Gainesville, VA, 20155, USA,Corresponding author. Independent Consultant, 13500 Tallyrand Way, Gainesville, VA, 20155, USA
| | | | - Darja Kanduc
- Dept. of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - Alan L. Porter
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
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Zeng H, Jian Y, Xie Y, Fan Q, Chang Q, Zheng B, Zhang Y. Edible bird's nest inhibits the inflammation and regulates the immunological balance of lung injury mice by SO
2. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zeng
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yeye Jian
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yong Xie
- College of Pharmacy Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou China
| | | | - Qing Chang
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
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3
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A ratiometric fluorescent probe for SO2 derivatives based on a new coumarin-hemicyanine dye in living cells. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Liu Z, Gao J, Ye X, Wang C, Zhao B. Endogenous Sulfur Dioxide Improves the Survival Rate of Sepsis by Improving the Oxidative Stress Response during Lung Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6339355. [PMID: 35265263 PMCID: PMC8898775 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6339355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the regulation of endogenous sulfur dioxide on oxidative stress in lung injury induced by sepsis. Method Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, sepsis, sepsis + SO2, and SO2 group randomly used to observe survival rate. The other group of twenty-eight rats were randomly divided as the same manner for mechanism research. The number of WBCS and the percentage of PMN cells were calculated. The microphotographs of morphological changes and the index of quantitative assessment (IQA) of lung tissues were calculated. The ratio of wet/dry (W/D) of lung tissues was calculated. Levels of H2O2, MDA, NO, MPO, SOD, GSH-px, and TNF-α in plasma and lung tissues were measured. Result The number of WBCS and the percentage of PMN cells decreased in sepsis (p all < 0.05), and rebound in sepsis+SO2 (p all < 0.05). The IQA and W/D of lung tissues increased in sepsis (p for W/D < 0.05), and decreased in sepsis+SO2 (p all < 0.05). H2O2 and MDA of plasma and lung tissues increased in sepsis (p all < 0.05) and rebound in sepsis+SO2 (p for H2O2 of plasma and lung tissues <0.05). NO and MPO of plasma and lung tissues increased in sepsis (p for NO and MPO of lung tissues <0.05) and rebound in sepsis+SO2 (p all < 0.05). SOD of plasma and lung tissues in sepsis group decreased (p all <0.05) and increased in sepsis+SO2 (p all < 0.05). GSH-px of plasma and lung tissues decreased in sepsis (p for plasma <0.05) and increased in sepsis+SO2 (p for GSH-px of lung tissues <0.05). TNF-α of plasma and lung tissues increased in sepsis (p all<0.05) and decreased in sepsis+SO2 (p for lung tissue <0.05). Conclusion Endogenous sulfur dioxide improves the survival rate of sepsis by improving the oxidative stress response during lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
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Woo JH, Kim KC, Kim HY, Kim IH, Kim SH, Lee K. Comparative toxicity of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate in three strains of rats. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Qiu M, Yang Z, Bian M, Liu C, Zhao Y, Liu Q. Protective effects of isorhynchophylline against silicon-dioxide-induced lung injury in mice. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 48:1125-1134. [PMID: 32885685 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1814315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of silicon dioxide (SD) results in pulmonary inflammatory responses and fibrosis. Isorhynchophylline (Isorhy) is the main alkaloid in the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, which is reported to have anti-inflammatory activities in the nervous system. However, the effects of Isorhy on SD-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice are unknown. Male mice were exposed to a single dose of SD (2.5 mg/kg, intranasal inoculation) to induce pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The mice were woken up and immediately treated with Isorhy (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) for 14 or 42 days. The effects of Isorhy on inflammatory responses and lung fibrosis induced by SD were then investigated. After the 14-day treatment, there was a significant reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs of mice, with reduced recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs. The concentration of pro-inflammatory factors in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was reduced, which alleviated inflammatory injury in the lung tissue. After the 42-day treatment, Isorhy alleviated inflammation and inhibited the release of fibrogenic factors in mice with PF. Isorhy also significantly reduced collagen deposition in the lung tissues of mice. Isorhy has the ability to reduce inflammatory responses and fibrosis associated with SD-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Mengni Bian
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Quanli Liu
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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Du HL, Zhai AD, Yu H. Synergistic effect of halofuginone and dexamethasone on LPS‑induced acute lung injury in type II alveolar epithelial cells and a rat model. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:927-935. [PMID: 31974595 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by neutrophilic infiltration, uncontrolled oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. Despite various therapeutic regimes having been performed, there remains no effective pharmacotherapy available to treat ALI. Halofuginone (HF), a ketone isolated from Dichroa febrifuga, exhibits significant anti‑inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. Dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid, has been routinely used as an adjuvant therapy in treating inflammatory diseases, including ALI. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the combination of HF and DEX in the treatment of ALI. The present results suggested that the simultaneous administration of HF and DEX markedly decreased the level of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and increased the level of anti‑inflammatory cytokines, as assessed by western blot analysis. In addition, HF and DEX effectively decreased nuclear factor‑κB activity via suppressing the phosphorylation of P65 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) and lung tissues extracted from ALI rats, as determined by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the combination of HF and DEX in LPS‑induced ALI rats defended against lung fibrosis, perivascular inflammation, congestion and edema of pulmonary alveoli, as assessed by histopathological analysis, TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry assay. Taken together, the present study indicated the synergistic effect of HF and DEX on LPS‑induced ALI in HPAEpiC cells and a rat model. These results offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lian Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical College, Qingzhou, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Dong Zhai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong 255029, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Intensive Care Unit, Second Hospital of Harbin City, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
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Türkmen E, Pata YS. Prevention of tracheal stenosis with pirfenidone after tracheotomy: An experimental study. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:E178-E186. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Türkmen
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyIstanbul Medipol University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yavuz Selim Pata
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyYeditepe University Istanbul Turkey
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