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Wu B, Gan N, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Qiu Y, Cao X, Yu J, Matsuyama H. Ion-Selective Transport Promotion Enabled by Angstrom-Scale Nanochannels in Dendrimer-Assembled Polyamide Nanofilm for Efficient Electrodialysis. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38949785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The ion permeability and selectivity of membranes are crucial in nanofluidic behavior, impacting industries ranging from traditional to advanced manufacturing. Herein, we demonstrate the engineering of ion-conductive membranes featuring angstrom-scale ion-transport channels by introducing ionic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers for ion separation. The exterior quaternary ammonium-rich structure contributes to significant electrostatic charge exclusion due to enhanced local charge density; the interior protoplasmic channels of PAMAM dendrimer are assembled to provide additional degrees of free volume. This facilitates the monovalent ion transfer while maintaining continuity and efficient ion screening. The dendrimer-assembled hybrid membrane achieves high monovalent ion permeance of 2.81 mol m-2 h-1 (K+), reaching excellent mono/multivalent selectivity up to 20.1 (K+/Mg2+) and surpassing the permselectivities of state-of-the-art membranes. Both experimental results and simulating calculations suggest that the impressive ion selectivity arises from the significant disparity in transport energy barrier between mono/multivalent ions, induced by the "exterior-interior" synergistic effects of bifunctional membrane channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ning Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiren Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yulong Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xingzhong Cao
- Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 6500034, Japan
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2
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Mo J, Lei J, Wang H, Kang Q, Liu W, Qiu X. Melt-processable polyvinyl alcohol/lignin composites with improved strength via synergistic plasticization of lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131726. [PMID: 38688791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The characteristics of multi-hydroxyl structure and strong hydrogen bonding in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) make its melting point close to its decomposition temperature, causing melt-processing difficulty. In this work, following the plasticization of small-molecule primary plasticizer acetamide, lignin was demonstrated as a green secondary plasticizer in realizing the melt processing and simultaneous reinforcement of PVA. During the plasticization process, lignin was able to combine with the hydroxyl groups of PVA, so as to destroy the hydrogen bonds and regularity of the PVA chains. The synergistic plasticization effect of lignin dramatically reduced the melting point of PVA from 185 °C to 151 °C. The thermal processing window of PVA composites was expanded from 50 °C to roughly 80 °C after introducing lignin. In contrast to acetamide, the addition of lignin significantly increased the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composites to 71 MPa and 1.34 GPa, respectively. Meanwhile, lignin helped to hinder the migration of acetamide via hydrogen bonds. With the addition of lignin, the composites also displayed enhanced hydrophobicity and excellent UV shielding performance. The strategy of synergistic plasticization of lignin provides a feasible basis for the practical application of lignin in melt-processable PVA materials with good comprehensive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Junjie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Haixu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qingpeng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, PR China.
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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3
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Shen K, Liu H, Qiu C, Yuan M, Chen Z, Qi H. Scalable Fabrication of Structurally Stable Polymer Film with Excellent UV-Shielding, Fluorescent, and Antibacterial Capabilities. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400015. [PMID: 38414279 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This research presents a new approach to facilely fabricating a multifunctional film using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the base material. The film is modified chemically to incorporate various desirable properties such as high transparency, UV-shielding, antibacterial activity, and fluorescence. The fabrication process of this film is straightforward and efficient. The modified film showed exceptional UV-blocking capability, effectively blocking 100% of UV radiation. It also exhibits strong antibacterial properties. Additionally, the film emitted bright blue fluorescence, which can be useful in various optical and sensing applications. Despite the chemical modification, the film retained the excellent properties of PVA, including high transparency (90%) at 550 nm and good mechanical strength. Furthermore, it demonstrated remarkable stability even under harsh conditions such as exposure to long-term UV radiation, extreme temperatures (-40 or 120 °C), or immersion in different solvents. Overall, this work showcases a promising strategy to develop versatile, structurally stable, transparent, and flexible polymer films with multiple functionalities. These films have potential applications in various fields that require protection, such as packaging materials, biomedical devices, and optical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- College of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Changjing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Mengzhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Qingyuan Huayuan Institute of Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Haisong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
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4
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Tai MH, Thiam HS, Tee SF, Lim YS, Saw LH, Lai SO. Self-Healing Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone)-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: Effect of Solvent Content. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4641. [PMID: 38139893 PMCID: PMC10747481 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with superior characteristics are needed to advance fuel cell technology. Nafion, the most used PEM in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), has excellent proton conductivity but suffers from high methanol permeability and long-term performance degradation. Thus, this study aimed to create a healable PEM with improved durability and methanol barrier properties by combining sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). The effect of changing the N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent concentration during membrane casting was investigated. Lower DMAc concentrations improved water absorption and, thus, membrane proton conductivity, but methanol permeability increased correspondingly. For the best trade-off between these two characteristics, the blend membrane with a 10 wt% DMAc solvent (SP10) exhibited the highest selectivity. SP10 also showed a remarkable self-healing capacity by regaining 88% of its pre-damage methanol-blocking efficiency. The ability to self-heal decreased with the increasing solvent concentration because of the increased crosslinking density and structure compactness, which reduced chain mobility. Optimizing the solvent concentration during membrane preparation is therefore an important factor in improving membrane performance in DMFCs. With its exceptional methanol barrier and self-healing characteristics, the pioneering SPEEK/PVA blend membrane may contribute to efficient and durable fuel cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae Hwa Tai
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
| | - Hui San Thiam
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
- Centre for Advanced and Sustainable Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Foon Tee
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
| | - Yun Seng Lim
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
| | - Lip Huat Saw
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
| | - Soon Onn Lai
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.T.); (S.F.T.); (Y.S.L.); (L.H.S.); (S.O.L.)
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5
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Liu F, Xiao X, Zhang Y, Bai H, Xu H, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Yu L, Cao Y. How APTMS Acts as a Bridge to Enhance the Compatibility of the Interface between the Hydrophilic Poly(vinyl alcohol) Film and the Hydrophobic Stearic Acid Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45322-45335. [PMID: 37708083 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobic modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film as a biodegradable packaging material has received significant attention in recent research. Despite the use of stearic acid (SA) as a coating for the PVA film, a challenge persists due to the poor compatibility between SA and PVA. This study addressed the aforementioned issue by utilizing (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) as a bridging agent to establish a connection between the hydrophilic PVA film and the hydrophobic SA coating through hydrogen bonding and chemical reactions. First, SEM and EDS analyses confirmed the enhanced interfacial compatibility between the SA coating and the PVA film. Subsequently, the results from 1H NMR, FTIR, and XPS experiments presented evidence of hydrogen bonding and chemical reactions among APTMS, SA, and the PVA film. Interestingly, the PVA-APTMS-SA film demonstrated a contact angle of 120.77°, a water absorption of 7.81%, and a water vapor transmission rate of 8.69 g/m2/h. Furthermore, such a composite film displayed exceptional adhesion performance, requiring detachment stresses of 9.86 ± 0.91 and 6.17 ± 0.75 MPa when tested on glass and marble surfaces, respectively. In conclusion, the PVA-APTMS-SA film exhibited significant potential in extending the freshness of fresh-cut apples, making it a promising eco-friendly packaging material for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Xinglong Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashgar University, Kashi844000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Hong Bai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Yihan Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Long Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Yifang Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
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6
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Khalaf M, Saeed AM, Ali AI, Kamoun EA, Fahmy A. Polyelectrolyte membranes based on phosphorylated-PVA/cellulose acetate for direct methanol fuel cell applications: synthesis, instrumental characterization, and performance testing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13011. [PMID: 37563208 PMCID: PMC10415303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing and synthesis of cost-effective and improved methanol permeable and proton conductive membranes are the main challenges for preparation of polymeric electrolyte membrane (PEM). Herein, a cost-effective PEM membrane based on phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-grafted-cellulose acetate (CA) was prepared by a solution-casting technique. Water and methanol uptakes of phosphorylated PVA/CA membranes were characterized as function with the molar ratio of CA. Additionally, structure and morphology of phosphorylated PVA/CA (Ph-PVA/CA) membranes were verified by FT-IR analysis, SEM investigation. Furthermore, ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity and methanol permeation of Ph-PVA/CA membranes were examined based on the concentration of OPA basically. The results manifested a perceptible improvement in proton conductivity from 0.035 to 0.05 S/cm at 25 and 70 °C, respectively using 600 μL of OPA, and IEC of 2.1 meq/g using 400 μL of OPA at ambient temperature. On the other hand, methanol permeability (P = 1.08 × 10-10 cm2/s) was lower than Nafion 117 admirably. The optimum OPA concentration was 200 μL according to conductivity measurements (at 10% PVA, 150 μL GA, and CA 7%). Finally, prepared Ph-PVA/CA membranes exhibited enhancement in critical natures such as proton conductivity and IEC combined with its low-cost materials, which make them excellent candidate as PEM for DMFCs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Khalaf
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saeed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed I Ali
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Helwan University, Saray-El Qoupa, El Sawah Street, Cairo, 11281, Egypt
| | - Elbadawy A Kamoun
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Alaa Fahmy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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7
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Justin Jose Sheela AS, Moorthy S, Maria Mahimai B, Sekar K, Kannaiyan D, Deivanayagam P. Sulfonated Poly Ether Sulfone Membrane Reinforced with Bismuth-Based Organic and Inorganic Additives for Fuel Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27510-27518. [PMID: 37546674 PMCID: PMC10399154 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This research work focuses on developing a robust polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) with high proton efficiency toward proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, poly ether sulfone (PES) was sulfonated by chlorosulfonic acid to yield sulfonated poly ether sulfone (SPES) followed by incorporation with bismuth-based additives such as bismuth trimesic acid (BiTMA) and bismuth molybdenum oxide (Bi2MoO6). The composite membrane was thoroughly investigated for its structural and physicochemical properties such as FT-IR, SEM, TGA, contact angle, water uptake, oxidative stability, ion-exchange capacity, and swelling ratio. Incorporation of additives into the polymer was confirmed by XPS and XRD analysis. The proton conductance of the pristine SPES is 4.19 × 10-3 S cm-1, whereas that of the composite membrane SPES/BiTMA-10 is 10 × 10-3 S cm-1 and that of SPES/Bi2MoO6-15 is 7.314 × 10-3 S cm-1; both the composite membranes exhibit higher proton conductivity than the pristine SPES membrane. The physicochemical characteristics and impedance measurements of the electrolyte reported can be viable to the PEM membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anie Shejoe Justin Jose Sheela
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Siva Moorthy
- Department
of Physics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Berlina Maria Mahimai
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Sekar
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dinakaran Kannaiyan
- Department
of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore 632115, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Paradesi Deivanayagam
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India
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Musa MT, Shaari N, Raduwan NF, Kamarudin SK, Wong WY. Alginate/PVA Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Modified by Hydrophilic Montmorillonite for Structure and Selectivity Enhancement for DMFC Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2590. [PMID: 37376236 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nafion is a commercial membrane that is widely used in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) but has critical constraints such as being expensive and having high methanol crossover. Efforts to find alternative membranes are actively being carried out, including in this study, which looks at producing a Sodium Alginate/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) (SA/PVA) blended membrane with modification by montmorillonite (MMT) as an inorganic filler. The content of MMT in SA/PVA-based membranes varied in the range of 2.0-20 wt% according to the solvent casting method implemented. The presence of MMT was seen to be most optimal at a content of 10 wt%, achieving the highest proton conductivity and the lowest methanol uptake of 9.38 mScm-1 and 89.28% at ambient temperature, respectively. The good thermal stability, optimum water absorption, and low methanol uptake of the SA/PVA-MMT membrane were achieved with the presence of MMT due to the strong electrostatic attraction between H+, H3O+, and -OH ions of the sodium alginate and PVA polymer matrices. The homogeneous dispersion of MMT at 10 wt% and the hydrophilic properties possessed by MMT contribute to an efficient proton transport channel in SA/PVA-MMT membranes. The increase in MMT content makes the membrane more hydrophilic. This shows that the loading of 10 wt% MMT is very helpful from the point of view of sufficient water intake to activate proton transfer. Thus, the membrane produced in this study has great potential as an alternative membrane with a much cheaper cost and competent future performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taufiq Musa
- Institute of Fuel Cell, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Norazuwana Shaari
- Institute of Fuel Cell, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fatina Raduwan
- Institute of Fuel Cell, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Siti Kartom Kamarudin
- Institute of Fuel Cell, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yin Wong
- Institute of Fuel Cell, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Gelatin/poly(vinyl alcohol)-based functional films integrated with spent coffee ground-derived carbon dots and grapefruit seed extract for active packaging application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123493. [PMID: 36731691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are attractive, functional additives with great potential to be applied in biomaterial and food packaging. However, these particles are not soluble in water, thus limiting their widespread application. Here, we report a facile fabrication of carbon dots (CDs) using the spent coffee ground as the carbon source through a hydrothermal method. The CD was added to the gelatin/poly(vinyl alcohol) (Gel/PVA) film and grapefruit seed extract (GSE) to prepare multifunctional packaging films. The functional films' physiochemical and functional properties and packaging application were investigated. The composite film showed good UV protection properties with a slight decrease in transparency. The composite film containing CD/GSE showed strong antioxidant activity, scavenging >38 % DPPH and 100 % ABTS radicals. The film also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the foodborne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli, completely eradicating the growth of these bacteria within 9 h of exposure. The CD/GSE-incorporated Gel/PVA films were used for pork packaging. The films were able to enhance the pork shelf life by reducing the L. monocytogenes bacterial growth in meat by 2 Log CFU/mL lower than the control wrapping film. The multifunctional Gel/PVA films are expected to be used for the active packaging of meat products.
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10
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Green and recyclable graphitic carbon nitride/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol photocatalytic films with efficient antibacterial activity for fruit packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123974. [PMID: 36898454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is an excellent raw material for the preparation of food packaging films due to its good film-forming properties, non-toxicity, and biodegradability. However, pure chitosan films have drawbacks such as weak mechanical properties and limited antimicrobial activity. In this work, novel food packaging films containing chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were successfully prepared. The PVA served to improve the mechanical properties of the chitosan-based films, whilst the porous g-C3N4 acted as a photocatalytically-active antibacterial agent. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) of the g-C3N4/CS/PVA films both increased by ~4 times compared to the pristine CS/PVA films at the optimum g-C3N4 loading of ~10 wt%. The addition of g-C3N4 increase the water contact angle (WCA) of the films from 38° to 50°, whilst decreasing the water vapor permeability (WVP) from 160 × 10-12 to 135 × 10-12 g∙Pa-1 s-1 m-1. The shelf life of strawberries covered with g-C3N4/CS/PVA films at room temperature could be extended up to 96 h, compared to 48 h and 72 h for strawberries covered with polyethylene (PE) films or CS/PVA films, respectively. The g-C3N4/CS/PVA films offered good antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Further, the composite films could be easily recycled with the regenerated films offering almost identical mechanical properties and activities as the original films. The prepared g-C3N4/CS/PVA films thus offer promise for low-cost antimicrobial packaging applications.
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Mahmoud A, Saied MA, Naser A, Fahmy A. Synthesis and Characterization of Nylon 6,6-Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Polyelectrolytic Membrane. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis work presents the preparation and investigation of blended nylon (N)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based polyelectrolytic membranes that are modified with different concentrations of sulfuric acid (SA), chlorosulfonic acid (CSA), and sulfonated activated carbon (SAC) as a filler. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs illustrated good membrane homogeneity, and no cracks or phase separation were detected. Chemical interaction between N, PVA, and other membrane components was confirmed by Raman scattering spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). In addition, the molecular structure is verified by energy depressive X-ray (EDX). Furthermore, water and methanol uptake, gel fraction, and IEC were determined as functions of varied membrane modification components. The results revealed that increasing the portion of SA, CSA and SAC led to an increase in IEC and ionic conductivity values reached 2.12 meq/g–0.076 S/cm for (N/PVA-4.0% SA-4.0% SAC), respectively, and 2.71 meq/g–0.087 S/cm for (N/PVA-4.0% CSA-4.0% SAC), respectively, while the IEC and ionic conductivity value for non-modified N/PVA membrane was 0.02 meq/g and zero, respectively. Such results enhance the potential feasibility of modified N/PVA electrolytic membranes for fuel cell (FC) applications.
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12
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Charge transfer mechanisms in 40SiO2-40P2O5-20ZrO2 /sulfonated styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene hybrid membranes for low temperature fuel cells. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Zakaria Z, Kamarudin SK, Wahid KAA. Polymer electrolyte membrane modification in direct ethanol fuel cells: An update. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zulfirdaus Zakaria
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus Pulau Pinang Malaysia
- Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Kartom Kamarudin
- Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Khairul Anwar Abd Wahid
- Mechanical Engineering Section, Malaysia France Institute Universiti Kuala Lumpur Bandar Baru Bangi Malaysia
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14
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Yu X, Wang M, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang D, Jin W, Lyu Y. Preparation of a novel biodegradable film by co-fermentation of straw and shrimp shell with Aureobasidium pullulans and Photobacterium sp. LYM-1. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Meng Y, Sun J, Li Z, Liu Q. Study on preparation and performance of sulfonated polyaryl ether nitrile@Im-MOF-801(SPEN@Im-MOF-801)composite proton exchange membrane. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221120928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonated polyaryl ether nitrile (SPEN) is some of the most viable novel materials to replace the Nafion membrane. To resolve the issue of proton conductivity in fuel cells with poor sulfonation degree polyaryl ether nitrile cell membranes. A metal-organic structure (MOF-801) was added as a filler, and imidazole was loaded by the MOF-801 structural skeleton via a chemical ligand to improve the SPEN’s proton conductivity. The expected chemical structure of im-MOF-801 and SPEN@Im-MOF-801 was confirmed by using FTIR and 1H NMR. Loading im-MOF-801 into SPEN resulted in SPEN@Im-MOF-801 composite proton exchange membranes. The impacts of the metal-organic framework on the performance of SPEN composite membranes were explored by assessing their mechanical characteristics, thermal stability, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability. The results show that the composite has outstanding thermal and mechanical stability. The tensile strength of membranes rose from 25.92 MPa to 39.34 MPa compared to the castings SPEN membrane, which was attributable to creating a hydrogen-bonding network between im-MOF-801 and SPEN, which boosted intermolecular forces. The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in im-MOF-801 gave additional acceptors and donors that expanded the proton conductivity of SPEN, which was 16.19 ×10−2 S·cm−1 and expanded continuously, followed by a decrease with increasing temperature. Proton conductivity of SPEN@Im-MOF-801–3 and im-MOF-801–9 comes to 18.46 and 17.07 ×10−2 S·cm−1 at 80°C. Moreover, the methanol penetration of SPEN@Im-MOF-801 decreased reliably (from 5.32 to 1.02 ×10−7 S·cm−1 which was much lower than that of the Nafion film 21.87 ×10−7 S·cm−1). Subsequently, the most noteworthy selectivity of SPEN@Im-MOF-801–3 comes to 2.93×105 S·cm−3·s−1, which is approximately 8.9 times higher than that of Nafion (0.33×105 S·cm−3·s−1). The comes about demonstrates that these composites have potential applications in DMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Meng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Jichang Sun
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Zekun Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
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16
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Suppression of radical attack in polymer electrolyte membranes using a vinyl polymer blend interlayer with low oxygen permeability. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Jamil A, Rafiq S, Iqbal T, Khan HAA, Khan HM, Azeem B, Mustafa MZ, Hanbazazah AS. Current status and future perspectives of proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135204. [PMID: 35660058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The world is on the lookout for sustainable and environmentally benign energy generating systems. Fuel cells (FCs) are regarded as environmentally friendly technology since they address a variety of environmental issues, such as hazardous levels of local pollutants, while also delivering economic advantages owing to their high efficiency. A fuel cell is a device that changes chemical energy contained in fuels (such as hydrogen and methanol) into electrical energy. A wide variety of FCs are commercially available; however, proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received overwhelming attention owing to their potential to significantly reduce our energy consumption, pollution emissions, and reliance on fossil fuels. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a critical element; it is made of semipermeable polymer and serves as a barrier between the cathode and anode during fuel cell construction. Additionally, membranes function as an insulator between the cathode and anode, facilitating proton exchange and inhibiting electron exchange between the electrodes. Due to the excellent features such as durability and proton conductivity, Nafion membranes are commercially viable and have been in use for a long time. However, Nafion membranes are costly, and their proton exchange capacities degrade over time at higher temperatures and low relative humidity. Other types of membranes have been considered in addition to Nafion membranes. This article discusses the problems connected with several types of PEMs, as well as the strategies adopted to improve their characteristics and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jamil
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan.
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Iqbal
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Aroosa Aslam Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Haris Mahmood Khan
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan
| | - Babar Azeem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - M Z Mustafa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Abdulkader S Hanbazazah
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Li W, Wang H, Zhang J, Xiang Y, Lu S. Advancements of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Devices. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200071. [PMID: 35318798 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) play vital roles in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), redox flow battery, and water electrolysis. As the crucial component of these devices, PEMs need to possess high ion conductivity and electronic insulation, remarkable mechanical and chemical stability, and outstanding isolation function for the materials on both sides of the cathode and anode. Polyvinylpyrrolidone has received widespread attention in the research of PEMs owing to its tertiary amine basic groups and exceptional hydrophilic properties. This review focuses on the application status of polyvinylpyrrolidone-based PEMs in PEMFC, vanadium redox flow battery, and alkaline water electrolysis, and describes in detail the key scientific problems in these fields, providing constructive suggestions and guidance for the application of polyvinylpyrrolidone-based PEMs in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Haining Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shanfu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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19
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Tunable Properties via Composition Modulations of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Xanthan Gum/Oxalic Acid Hydrogels. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072657. [PMID: 35407989 PMCID: PMC9000745 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The design of hydrogel networks with tuned properties is essential for new innovative biomedical materials. Herein, poly(vinyl alcohol) and xanthan gum were used to develop hydrogels by the freeze/thaw cycles method in the presence of oxalic acid as a crosslinker. The structure and morphology of the obtained hydrogels were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and swelling behavior. The SEM analysis revealed that the surface morphology was mostly affected by the blending ratio between the two components, namely, poly(vinyl alcohol) and xanthan gum. From the swelling study, it was observed that the presence of oxalic acid influenced the hydrophilicity of blends. The hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol) without xanthan gum led to structures with a smaller pore diameter, a lower swelling degree in pH 7.4 buffer solution, and a higher elastic modulus. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared hydrogels was tested and the results showed that the hydrogels conferred antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus 25923 ATCC) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli 25922 ATCC).
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20
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Dosimetric Performance of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Silver Nanoparticles Hybrid Nanomaterials for Colorimetric Sensing of Gamma Radiation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071088. [PMID: 35407206 PMCID: PMC9000229 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A colorimetric liquid sensor based on a poly(vinyl alcohol)/silver nanoparticle (PVA/AgNPs) hybrid nanomaterial was developed for gamma radiation in the range of 0−100 Gy. In this study, gamma rays (Cobalt-60 source) triggered the aggregation of AgNPs in a PVA/silver nitrate (AgNO3) hybrid solution. The color of this solution visibly changed from colorless to dark yellow. Absorption spectra of the PVA/AgNPs solution were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry in the range of 350−800 nm. Important parameters, such as pH and AgNO3 concentration were optimized. The accuracy, sensitivity, stability, and uncertainty of the sensor were investigated and compared to the reference standard dosimeter. Based on the spectrophotometric results, an excellent positive linear correlation (r = 0.998) between the absorption intensity and received dose was found. For the accuracy, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) between the PVA/AgNPs sensor and the standard Fricke dosimeter was 0.998 (95%CI). The sensitivity of this sensor was 2.06 times higher than the standard dosimeter. The limit of detection of the liquid dosimeter was 13.4 Gy. Moreover, the overall uncertainty of this sensor was estimated at 4.962%, in the acceptable range for routine standard dosimeters (<6%). Based on its dosimetric performance, this new PVA/AgNPs sensor has potential for application as an alternative gamma sensor for routine dose monitoring in the range of 13.4−100 Gy.
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21
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High Performance and Self-Humidifying of Novel Cross-Linked and Nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polysulfone. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050841. [PMID: 35269328 PMCID: PMC8912755 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of inorganic additive or nanoparticles into fluorine-free proton exchange membranes (PEMs) can improve proton conductivity and have considerable effects on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Based on the sol–gel method and in situ polycondensation, novel cross-linked PEM and nanocomposite PEMs based on a sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) matrix were prepared by introducing graphene oxide (GO) polymeric brushes and incorporating Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles into an SPSU matrix, respectively. The results showed that the incorporation of Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles could obviously enhance self-humidifying and thermal stability. In addition, GO polymer brushes fixed on polymeric PEM by forming a cross-linked network structure could not only solve the leakage of inorganic additives during use and compatibility problem with organic polymers, but also significantly improve proton conductivity and reduce methanol permeability of the nanocomposite PEM. Proton conductivity, water uptake and methanol permeability of the nanocomposite PEM can be up to 6.93 mS cm−1, 46.58% and be as low as 1.4157 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, respectively, which represent increases of about 70%, about 22% and a decrease of about 40%, respectively, compared with that of primary SPSU. Therefore, the synergic action of the covalent cross-linking, GO polymer brush and nanoparticles can significantly and simultaneously improve the overall performance of the composite PEM.
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22
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Panawong C, Tasarin S, Phonlakan K, Sumranjit J, Saejueng P, Budsombat S. Imidazole-doped proton conducting composite membranes fabricated from double-crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) and zeolitic imidazolate framework. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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24
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Panawong C, Tasarin S, Saejueng P, Budsombat S. Composite proton conducting membranes from crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan and silica particles containing poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propansulfonic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chonnakarn Panawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Center, Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Sawanya Tasarin
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Center, Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Pranorm Saejueng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Ubon Ratchathani University Ubon Ratchathani Thailand
| | - Surangkhana Budsombat
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Materials Chemistry Research Center, Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
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25
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Kim EK, Cho K, Lee H, Chung I, Lee JC. Solid electrolyte membranes based on polybenzimidazole containing graphitic carbon nitride moiety (PBICN) for high-temperature fuel cell applications. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Trincado M, Bösken J, Grützmacher H. Homogeneously catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols: A progress report. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Lee Y, Bandari VK, Li Z, Medina-Sánchez M, Maitz MF, Karnaushenko D, Tsurkan MV, Karnaushenko DD, Schmidt OG. Nano-biosupercapacitors enable autarkic sensor operation in blood. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4967. [PMID: 34426576 PMCID: PMC8382768 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Today's smallest energy storage devices for in-vivo applications are larger than 3 mm3 and lack the ability to continuously drive the complex functions of smart dust electronic and microrobotic systems. Here, we create a tubular biosupercapacitor occupying a mere volume of 1/1000 mm3 (=1 nanoliter), yet delivering up to 1.6 V in blood. The tubular geometry of this nano-biosupercapacitor provides efficient self-protection against external forces from pulsating blood or muscle contraction. Redox enzymes and living cells, naturally present in blood boost the performance of the device by 40% and help to solve the self-discharging problem persistently encountered by miniaturized supercapacitors. At full capacity, the nano-biosupercapacitors drive a complex integrated sensor system to measure the pH-value in blood. This demonstration opens up opportunities for next generation intravascular implants and microrobotic systems operating in hard-to-reach small spaces deep inside the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany ,grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany ,grid.14841.380000 0000 9972 3583Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vineeth Kumar Bandari
- grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany ,grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany ,grid.14841.380000 0000 9972 3583Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhe Li
- grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany ,grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany ,grid.14841.380000 0000 9972 3583Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- grid.14841.380000 0000 9972 3583Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred F. Maitz
- grid.419239.40000 0000 8583 7301Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- grid.14841.380000 0000 9972 3583Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail V. Tsurkan
- grid.419239.40000 0000 8583 7301Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitriy D. Karnaushenko
- grid.14841.380000 0000 9972 3583Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany ,grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany ,grid.14841.380000 0000 9972 3583Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Ratheesh A, Elias L, Aboobakar Shibli SM. Tuning of Electrode Surface for Enhanced Bacterial Adhesion and Reactions: A Review on Recent Approaches. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5809-5838. [PMID: 35006924 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The study of bacterial adhesion and its consequences has great significance in different fields such as marine science, renewable energy sectors, soil and plant ecology, food industry, and the biomedical field. Generally, the adverse effects of microbial surface interactions have attained wide visibility. However, herein, we present distinct approaches to highlight the beneficial aspects of microbial surface interactions for various applications rather than deal with the conventional negative aspects or prevention strategies. The surface microbial reactions can be tuned for useful biochemical or bio-electrochemical applications, which are otherwise unattainable through conventional routes. In this context, the present review is a comprehensive approach to highlight the basic principles and signature parameters that are responsible for the useful microbial-electrode interactions. It also proposes various surface tuning strategies, which are useful for tuning the electrode characteristics particularly suitable for the enhanced bacterial adhesion and reactions. The tuning of surface characteristics of electrodes is discussed with a special reference to the Microbial Fuel Cell as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Ratheesh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India
| | - Liju Elias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India
| | - Sheik Muhammadhu Aboobakar Shibli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India.,Centre for Renewable Energy and Materials, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India
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29
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Neelakandan S, Wang L, Zhang B, Ni J, Hu M, Gao C, Wong WY, Wang L. Branched Polymer Materials as Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1964524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivasubramaniyan Neelakandan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Boping Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangpeng Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meishao Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnique University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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30
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Choudhury RR, Gohil JM, Dutta K. Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes for fuel cell and water treatment applications: A review on recent advancements. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikarani R. Choudhury
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals—Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (SARP: LARPM) Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Jaydevsinh M. Gohil
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals—Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (SARP: LARPM) Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET) Bhubaneswar India
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals—Advanced Polymer Design & Development Research Laboratory (SARP: APDDRL) Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET) Bengaluru India
| | - Kingshuk Dutta
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals—Advanced Polymer Design & Development Research Laboratory (SARP: APDDRL) Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET) Bengaluru India
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31
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Glińska P, Wolan A, Kujawski W, Rynkowska E, Kujawa J. The Synthesis of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Grafted with Fluorinated Protic Ionic Liquids Containing Sulfo Functional Groups. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144158. [PMID: 34299436 PMCID: PMC8306934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an ongoing need to develop polymer materials with increased performance as proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for middle- and high-temperature fuel cells. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a highly hydrophilic and chemically stable polymer bearing hydroxyl groups, which can be further altered. Protic ionic liquids (proticILs) have been found to be an effective modifying polymer agent used as a proton carrier providing PEMs' desirable proton conductivity at high temperatures and under anhydrous conditions. In this study, the novel synthesis route of PVA grafted with fluorinated protic ionic liquids bearing sulfo groups (-SO3H) was elaborated. The polymer functionalization with fluorinated proticILs was achieved by the following approaches: (i) the PVA acylation and subsequent reaction with fluorinated sultones and (ii) free-radical polymerization reaction of vinyl acetate derivatives modified with 1-methylimidazole and sultones. These modifications resulted in the PVA being chemically modified with ionic liquids of protic character. The successfully grafted PVA has been characterized using 1H, 19F, and 13C-NMR and FTIR-ATR. The presented synthesis route is a novel approach to PVA functionalization with imidazole-based fluorinated ionic liquids with sulfo groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Glińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.G.); (A.W.); (E.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Andrzej Wolan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.G.); (A.W.); (E.R.); (J.K.)
- Synthex Technologies Sp. z o.o., 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kujawski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.G.); (A.W.); (E.R.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Edyta Rynkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.G.); (A.W.); (E.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Joanna Kujawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (P.G.); (A.W.); (E.R.); (J.K.)
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Al Munsur AZ, Goo BH, Kim Y, Kwon OJ, Paek SY, Lee SY, Kim HJ, Kim TH. Nafion-Based Proton-Exchange Membranes Built on Cross-Linked Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks between Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(vinyl alcohol). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28188-28200. [PMID: 34125524 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) membranes prepared easily from a cross-linked network using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with interpenetrated Nafion for both proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) applications. Thermal esterification between PAA and PVA induced three-dimensional cross-linking to improve mechanical toughness and reduce hydrogen crossover, while the hydrophilic nature of the PAA-PVA-based cross-linked matrix still enhanced the water uptake (WU) and hence conductivity of the Nafion penetrant. The semi-IPN membrane (NPP-95) composed of Nafion, PAA, and PVA with a ratio of 95:2.5:2.5 showed a hexagonal cylindrical morphology and improved thermal, mechanical, and dimensional stability compared to a recast Nafion membrane (re-Nafion). The membrane was also highly effective at managing water due to its low WU and high conductivity. Furthermore, its hydrogen permeability was 49.6% lower than that of re-Nafion under the actual fuel cell operating conditions (at 100% RH and 80 °C). NPP-95 exhibited significantly improved conductivity and PEMFC performance compared to re-Nafion with a current density of 1561 mA/cm2 at a potential of 0.6 V and a peak power density of 1179 mW/cm2. Furthermore, in the PEMWE performances, NPP-95 displayed about a 1.5-fold higher current density of 4310 mA/cm2 at 2.0 V and much lower ohmic resistance than re-Nafion between 60 and 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Zafar Al Munsur
- Organic Material Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hyuk Goo
- Organic Material Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkwang Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Joong Kwon
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Innovation Center for Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Yane Paek
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Juhn Kim
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Organic Material Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Polymer Film Blend of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Trichloroethylene and Cresol Red for Gamma Radiation Dosimetry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111866. [PMID: 34199714 PMCID: PMC8200037 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the polymer film composite of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), trichlorethylene (TCE) and cresol red (CR) dye irradiated with gamma (γ) rays for potential application as radiation dosimetry. The film was prepared via the solvent-casting method with varying concentrations of TCE. Film samples were exposed to radiation from a γ-rays radiation source of 60Cobalt isotope. Color changes before and after γ-rays irradiation were observed, and the optical properties of the polymer films were investigated by spectrophotometry. Results show that increasing the radiation dose physically changed the color of the polymer film, from purple (pH > 8.8) without radiation (0 kGy) to yellow (almost transparent) (2.8 < pH < 7.2) at the highest dose (12 kGy). The concentration of acid formed due to irradiation increased with the increase in irradiation doses and at higher TCE content. The critical doses of PVA-TCE composites decreased linearly with the increase of TCE composition, facilitating an easy calibration process. The dose response at 438 nm increased exponentially with increasing radiation dose, but showed an opposite trend at the 575 nm band. An increase in the TCA concentration indicated a decrease in the absorption edge and an increase in activation energy, but both decreased for all TCE concentrations at higher doses. The energy gap for the direct and the indirect transitions decreased with increasing TCE concentration and γ-rays radiation dose. The results of this study demonstrated the potential application of PVA-TCE-CR polymer film as γ-rays irradiation dosimetry in a useful dose range of 0-12 kGy.
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Lim KL, Wong CY, Wong WY, Loh KS, Selambakkannu S, Othman NAF, Yang H. Radiation-Grafted Anion-Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell and Electrolyzer Applications: A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:397. [PMID: 34072048 PMCID: PMC8228207 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the roles of anion exchange membrane (AEM) as a solid-state electrolyte in fuel cell and electrolyzer applications. It highlights the advancement of existing fabrication methods and emphasizes the importance of radiation grafting methods in improving the properties of AEM. The development of AEM has been focused on the improvement of its physicochemical properties, including ionic conductivity, ion exchange capacity, water uptake, swelling ratio, etc., and its thermo-mechano-chemical stability in high-pH and high-temperature conditions. Generally, the AEM radiation grafting processes are considered green synthesis because they are usually performed at room temperature and practically eliminated the use of catalysts and toxic solvents, yet the final products are homogeneous and high quality. The radiation grafting technique is capable of modifying the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains to control the ionic properties of membrane as well as its water uptake and swelling ratio without scarifying its mechanical properties. Researchers also showed that the chemical stability of AEMs can be improved by grafting spacers onto base polymers. The effects of irradiation dose and dose rate on the performance of AEM were discussed. The long-term stability of membrane in alkaline solutions remains the main challenge to commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kean Long Lim
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (C.Y.W.); (W.Y.W.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Chun Yik Wong
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (C.Y.W.); (W.Y.W.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Wai Yin Wong
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (C.Y.W.); (W.Y.W.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Kee Shyuan Loh
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (C.Y.W.); (W.Y.W.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Sarala Selambakkannu
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (S.S.); (N.A.F.O.)
| | - Nor Azillah Fatimah Othman
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (S.S.); (N.A.F.O.)
| | - Hsiharng Yang
- Graduate Institute of Precision Engineering and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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Dong X, Lu D, Harris TAL, Escobar IC. Polymers and Solvents Used in Membrane Fabrication: A Review Focusing on Sustainable Membrane Development. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:309. [PMID: 33922560 PMCID: PMC8146349 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Different methods have been applied to fabricate polymeric membranes with non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) being one of the mostly widely used. In NIPS, a solvent or solvent blend is required to dissolve a polymer or polymer blend. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylformamide (DMF) and other petroleum-derived solvents are commonly used to dissolve some petroleum-based polymers. However, these components may have negative impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, using greener and less toxic components is of great interest for increasing membrane fabrication sustainability. The chemical structure of membranes is not affected by the use of different solvents, polymers, or by the differences in fabrication scale. On the other hand, membrane pore structures and surface roughness can change due to differences in diffusion rates associated with different solvents/co-solvents diffusing into the non-solvent and with differences in evaporation time. (2) Therefore, in this review, solvents and polymers involved in the manufacturing process of membranes are proposed to be replaced by greener/less toxic alternatives. The methods and feasibility of scaling up green polymeric membrane manufacturing are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Dong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (X.D.); (D.L.)
| | - David Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (X.D.); (D.L.)
| | - Tequila A. L. Harris
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Isabel C. Escobar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (X.D.); (D.L.)
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36
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Preparation and investigation on the low temperature proton exchange membranes with the enhanced proton conductivity at subzero temperature. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Susilawati S, Prayogi S, Arif MF, Ismail NM, Bilad MR, Asy’ari M. Optical Properties and Conductivity of PVA-H 3PO 4 (Polyvinyl Alcohol-Phosphoric Acid) Film Blend Irradiated by γ-Rays. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071065. [PMID: 33800592 PMCID: PMC8036257 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the optical properties and conductivity of PVA–H3PO4 (polyvinyl alcohol–phosphoric acid) polymer film blend irradiated by gamma (γ) rays. The PVA–H3PO4 polymer film blend was prepared by the solvent-casting method at H3PO4 concentrations of 75 v% and 85 v%, and then irradiated up to 25 kGy using γ-rays from the Cobalt-60 isotope source. The optical absorption spectrum was measured using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer over a wavelength range of 200 to 700 nm. It was found that the absorption peaks are in three regions, namely two peaks in the ultraviolet region (310 and 350 nm) and one peak in the visible region (550 nm). The presence of an absorption peak after being exposed to hυ energy indicates a transition of electrons from HOMO to LUMO within the polymer chain. The study of optical absorption shows that the energy band gap (energy gap) depends on the radiation dose and the concentration of H3PO4 in the polymer film blend. The optical absorption, absorption edge, and energy gap decrease with increasing H3PO4 concentration and radiation dose. The interaction between PVA and H3PO4 blend led to an increase in the conductivity of the resulting polymer blend film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susilawati Susilawati
- Master of Science Education Program, University of Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62, Mataram 83125, Indonesia
- Physics Education, FKIP, University of Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62, Mataram 83125, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (N.M.I.)
| | - Saiful Prayogi
- Faculty of Applied Science and Enginering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika UNDIKMA, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (S.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhamad F. Arif
- Department of Materials Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia;
| | - Noor Maizura Ismail
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (N.M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Applied Science and Enginering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika UNDIKMA, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (S.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Asy’ari
- Faculty of Applied Science and Enginering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika UNDIKMA, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (S.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.A.)
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Simari C, Prejanò M, Lufrano E, Sicilia E, Nicotera I. Exploring the Structure-Performance Relationship of Sulfonated Polysulfone Proton Exchange Membrane by a Combined Computational and Experimental Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:959. [PMID: 33804763 PMCID: PMC8003876 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated Polysulfone (sPSU) is emerging as a concrete alternative to Nafion ionomer for the development of proton exchange electrolytic membranes for low cost, environmentally friendly and high-performance PEM fuel cells. This ionomer has recently gained great consideration since it can effectively combine large availability on the market, excellent film-forming ability and remarkable thermo-mechanical resistance with interesting proton conductive properties. Despite the great potential, however, the morphological architecture of hydrated sPSU is still unknown. In this study, computational and experimental advanced tools are combined to preliminary describe the relationship between the microstructure of highly sulfonated sPSU (DS = 80%) and its physico-chemical, mechanical and electrochemical features. Computer simulations allowed for describing the architecture and to estimate the structural parameters of the sPSU membrane. Molecular dynamics revealed an interconnected lamellar-like structure for hydrated sPSU, with ionic clusters of about 14-18 Å in diameter corresponding to the hydrophilic sulfonic-acid-containing phase. Water dynamics were investigated by 1H Pulsed Field Gradient (PFG) NMR spectroscopy in a wide temperature range (20-120 °C) and the self-diffusion coefficients data were analyzed by a "two-sites" model. It allows to estimate the hydration number in excellent agreement with the theoretical simulation (e.g., about 8 mol H2O/mol SO3- @ 80 °C). The PEM performance was assessed in terms of dimensional, thermo-mechanical and electrochemical properties by swelling tests, DMA and EIS, respectively. The peculiar microstructure of sPSU provides a wider thermo-mechanical stability in comparison to Nafion, but lower dimensional and conductive features. Nonetheless, the single H2/O2 fuel cell assembled with sPSU exhibited better features than any earlier published hydrocarbon ionomers, thus opening interesting perspectives toward the design and preparation of high-performing sPSU-based PEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Simari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies—CTC, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.L.); (E.S.); (I.N.)
| | - Mario Prejanò
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies—CTC, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (E.L.); (E.S.); (I.N.)
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Wong CY, Wong WY, Liu L, Shibutani Y, Loh KS. Molecular dynamic simulation approach to understand the physical and proton transport properties of chitosan/sulfonated Poly(Vinyl alcohol) composite membranes. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Rubio Arias JJ, Bento SDS, Vieira Marques MDF, Gomes ADS. Fabrication of hybrid proton‐exchange membranes using a brandnew high temperature ionic liquid as charge transporting and clay modifier. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Jonathan Rubio Arias
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Eloisa Mano, IMA‐UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Sabrina dos Santos Bento
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Eloisa Mano, IMA‐UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Vieira Marques
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Eloisa Mano, IMA‐UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Ailton de Souza Gomes
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Eloisa Mano, IMA‐UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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41
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Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Recent Contributions to Engineering and Medicine. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs4040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a thermoplastic synthetic polymer, which, unlike many synthetic polymers, is not obtained by polymerization, but by hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc). Due to the presence of hydroxylic groups, hydrophilic polymers such as PVA and its composites made mainly with biopolymers are used for producing hydrogels that possess interesting morphological and physico-mechanical features. PVA hydrogels and other PVA composites are studied in light of their numerous application for electrical film membranes for chemical separation, element and dye removal, adsorption of metal ions, fuel cells, and packaging. Aside from applications in the engineering field, PVA, like other synthetic polymers, has applications in medicine and biological areas and has become one of the principal objectives of the researchers in the polymer domain. The review presents a few recent applications of PVA composites and contributions related to tissue engineering (repair and regeneration), drug carriers, and wound healing.
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Effect of Polyhedral Silsesquioxane Functionalized Sulfonic Acid Groups Incorporated Into Highly Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone as Proton-Conducting Membrane. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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TiO2-Si- or SrTiO3-Si-impregnated PVA–based low-cost proton exchange membranes for application in microbial fuel cell. IONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11581-020-03779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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44
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An investigation into polymer blending, plasticization and cross-linking effect on the performance of chitosan-based composite proton exchange membranes for microbial fuel cell applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Chen S, Yang K, Leng X, Chen M, Novoselov KS, Andreeva DV. Perspectives in the design and application of composites based on graphene derivatives and bio‐based polymers. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Kou Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Xuanye Leng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Musen Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute Liangjiang New Area Chongqing China
| | - Daria V Andreeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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Composite Polymers Development and Application for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technologies-A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071712. [PMID: 32276482 PMCID: PMC7180464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafion membranes are still the dominating material used in the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technologies. They are widely used in several applications thanks to their excellent properties: high proton conductivity and high chemical stability in both oxidation and reduction environment. However, they have several technical challenges: reactants permeability, which results in reduced performance, dependence on water content to perform preventing the operation at higher temperatures or low humidity levels, and chemical degradation. This paper reviews novel composite membranes that have been developed for PEM applications, including direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), hydrogen PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs), and water electrolysers (PEMWEs), aiming at overcoming the drawbacks of the commercial Nafion membranes. It provides a broad overview of the Nafion-based membranes, with organic and inorganic fillers, and non-fluorinated membranes available in the literature for which various main properties (proton conductivity, crossover, maximum power density, and thermal stability) are reported. The studies on composite membranes demonstrate that they are suitable for PEM applications and can potentially compete with Nafion membranes in terms of performance and lifetime.
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Wen N, Jiang B, Wang X, Shang Z, Jiang D, Zhang L, Sun C, Wu Z, Yan H, Liu C, Guo Z. Overview of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Electro‐Skin, Actuator, Supercapacitor and Fuel Cell. CHEM REC 2020; 20:773-792. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Bojun Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 China
| | - Zhifu Shang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040, PR China
- Post-doctoral Mobile Research Station of Forestry EngineeringNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Caiying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zijian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, HarbinUniversity of Science and Technology Harbin 150040 China
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Mechatronics EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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Mitrea L, Călinoiu LF, Martău GA, Szabo K, Teleky BE, Mureșan V, Rusu AV, Socol CT, Vodnar DC. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Biofilms Plasticized with Polyols and Colored with Pigments Extracted from Tomato By-Products. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E532. [PMID: 32131384 PMCID: PMC7182853 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current work the physicochemical features of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) biofilms, enriched with eco-friendly polyols and with carotenoid-rich extracts, were investigated. The polyols, such as glycerol (Gly), 1,3-propanediol (PDO), and 2,3-butanediol (BDO) were used as plasticizers and the tomato-based pigments (TP) as coloring agents. The outcomes showed that β-carotene was the major carotenoid in the TP (1.605 mg β-carotene/100 DW), which imprinted the orange color to the biofilms. The flow behavior indicated that with the increase of shear rate the viscosity of biofilm solutions also increased until 50 s-1, reaching values at 37 °C of approximately 9 ± 0.5 mPa·s for PVOH, and for PVOH+TP, 14 ± 0.5 mPa·s in combination with Gly, PDO, and BDO. The weight, thickness, and density of samples increased with the addition of polyols and TP. Biofilms with TP had lower transparency values compared with control biofilms (without vegetal pigments). The presence of BDO, especially, but also of PDO and glycerol in biofilms created strong bonds within the PVOH matrix by increasing their mechanical resistance. The novelty of the present approach relies on the replacement of synthetic colorants with natural pigments derived from agro-industrial by-products, and the use of a combination of biodegradable polymers and polyols, as an integrated solution for packaging application in the bioplastic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mitrea
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (L.-F.C.); (G.-A.M.); (K.S.); (B.-E.T.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Clu-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Lavinia-Florina Călinoiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (L.-F.C.); (G.-A.M.); (K.S.); (B.-E.T.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Clu-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gheorghe-Adrian Martău
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (L.-F.C.); (G.-A.M.); (K.S.); (B.-E.T.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Clu-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Katalin Szabo
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (L.-F.C.); (G.-A.M.); (K.S.); (B.-E.T.)
| | - Bernadette-Emoke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (L.-F.C.); (G.-A.M.); (K.S.); (B.-E.T.)
| | - Vlad Mureșan
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Clu-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandru-Vasile Rusu
- CENCIRA Agrofood Research and Innovation Centre, Ion Meșter 6, 400650 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.R.); (C.-T.S.)
| | - Claudia-Terezia Socol
- CENCIRA Agrofood Research and Innovation Centre, Ion Meșter 6, 400650 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-V.R.); (C.-T.S.)
| | - Dan-Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (L.-F.C.); (G.-A.M.); (K.S.); (B.-E.T.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Clu-Napoca, Romania;
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Abstract
Active films were prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blended with itaconic acid (Ia), and with chitosan (Ch), enriched with tomato processing by-products extract (TBE) in order to develop new bioactive formulations for food packaging. The effects of two biopolymers (Ch, Ia) and of the incorporated TBE—containing phenolic compounds and carotenoids—were studied regarding the physical and antimicrobial properties of films; in addition, their influence on the total phenolic content, viscosity, and flow behavior on the film-forming solutions was investigated. The results showed increased physical properties (diameter, thickness, density, weight) of the films containing the TBE versus their control. TBE and Ch conferred significant antimicrobial effects to PVA films toward all the tested microorganisms, whereas the best inhibition was registered against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of <0.078 mg DW/mL. The Ia-PVA films also exhibited some antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (2.5 mg DW/mL). The total phenolic content of the film-forming solutions presented the highest values for the TBE and Ch-added PVA samples (0.208 mg gallic acid/100 mL film-forming solution). These results suggest that the PVA + Ch film containing TBE can be used for the development of intelligent and active food packaging materials.
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