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Dai Z, Lei M, Ding S, Zhou Q, Ji B, Wang M, Zhou B. Durable superhydrophobic surface in wearable sensors: From nature to application. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230046. [PMID: 38855620 PMCID: PMC11022629 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The current generation of wearable sensors often experiences signal interference and external corrosion, leading to device degradation and failure. To address these challenges, the biomimetic superhydrophobic approach has been developed, which offers self-cleaning, low adhesion, corrosion resistance, anti-interference, and other properties. Such surfaces possess hierarchical nanostructures and low surface energy, resulting in a smaller contact area with the skin or external environment. Liquid droplets can even become suspended outside the flexible electronics, reducing the risk of pollution and signal interference, which contributes to the long-term stability of the device in complex environments. Additionally, the coupling of superhydrophobic surfaces and flexible electronics can potentially enhance the device performance due to their large specific surface area and low surface energy. However, the fragility of layered textures in various scenarios and the lack of standardized evaluation and testing methods limit the industrial production of superhydrophobic wearable sensors. This review provides an overview of recent research on superhydrophobic flexible wearable sensors, including the fabrication methodology, evaluation, and specific application targets. The processing, performance, and characteristics of superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed, as well as the working mechanisms and potential challenges of superhydrophobic flexible electronics. Moreover, evaluation strategies for application-oriented superhydrophobic surfaces are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Dai
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacauAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacauChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsInstitute of Novel SemiconductorsSchool of MicroelectronicsShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Ming Lei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacauAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacauChina
| | - Sen Ding
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacauAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacauChina
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Physics and ElectronicsCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Bing Ji
- School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Mingrui Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Bingpu Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacauAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacauChina
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2
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Kaplan M, Alp E, Krause B, Pötschke P. Improvement of the Piezoresistive Behavior of Poly (vinylidene fluoride)/Carbon Nanotube Composites by the Addition of Inorganic Semiconductor Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:774. [PMID: 38399025 PMCID: PMC10890062 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs), obtained by incorporating conductive fillers into a polymer matrix, are suitable for producing strain sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) in infrastructure. Here, the effect of the addition of inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles (INPs) to a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the piezoresistive behavior is investigated. INPs with different morphologies and sizes are synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The added inorganic oxide semiconductors showed two distinct morphologies, including different phases. While particles with flower-like plate morphology contain phases of orth-ZnSnO3 and SnO, the cauliflower-like nanoparticles contain these metal oxides and ZnO. The nanoparticles are characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the nanocomposites by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Cyclic tensile testing is applied to determine the strain-sensing behavior of PVDF/1 wt% MWCNT nanocomposites with 0-10 wt% inorganic nanoparticles. Compared to the PVDF/1 wt% MWCNT nanocomposite, the piezoresistive sensitivity is higher after the addition of both types of nanoparticles and increases with their amount. Thereby, nanoparticles with flower-like plate structures improve strain sensing behavior slightly more than nanoparticles with cauliflower-like structures. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the morphology of the semiconductor nanoparticles added to the PVDF/MWCNT matrix influences the changes in thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müslüm Kaplan
- Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin 74110, Turkey; (M.K.); (E.A.)
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Emre Alp
- Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin 74110, Turkey; (M.K.); (E.A.)
| | - Beate Krause
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Petra Pötschke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
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3
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Lin YL, Zheng S, Chang CC, Lee LR, Chen JT. Light-responsive MXenegel via interfacial host-guest supramolecular bridging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:916. [PMID: 38296994 PMCID: PMC10831044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Living in the global-changing era, intelligent and eco-friendly electronic components that can sense the environment and recycle or reprogram when needed are essential for sustainable development. Compared with solid-state electronics, composite hydrogels with multi-functionalities are promising candidates. By bridging the self-assembly of azobenzene-containing supramolecular complexes and MXene nanosheets, we fabricate a MXene-based composite gel, namely MXenegel, with reversible photo-modulated phase behavior. The MXenegel can undergo reversible liquefication and solidification under UV and visible light irradiations, respectively, while maintaining its conductive nature unchanged, which can be integrated into traditional solid-state circuits. The strategy presented in this work provides an example of light-responsive conducting material via supramolecular bridging and demonstrates an exciting platform for functional soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Ruei Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan.
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan.
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4
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Chiou JC, Wu CC, Lin TM, Huang YC. Dielectrophoretically Assembled SWCNTs Networks on SU-8 Substrate for PEG/SWCNTs Composite Gas Sensor. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:74. [PMID: 38201739 PMCID: PMC10780828 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study proposed a SU-8 based gas sensor, integrated with heater and sensing electrodes, to develop a multi-channel gas sensor with PEG/SWCNTs composite films. The impedance of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on each sensing electrode was well controlled via dielectrophoresis technology. To investigate dielectrophoretic mobility characteristics, the concentric circular sensing electrode has three different spacing between the inner and outer electrodes, including 10 μm, 15 μm, and 20 μm. The electrodes were applied with a 5 MHz AC source with a voltage ranging from 1 Vpp to 5 Vpp. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was deposited on the gas sensor via drop casting. The fabricated gas sensor was operated at different working temperatures, including 25 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C, to examine the sensing response. The response results revealed that the PEG/SWCNTs composites gas sensor with 60 °C working temperature exhibited the ability to detect 80 ppm ethanol vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chern Chiou
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Cheng Wu
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Mei Lin
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Huang
- Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
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5
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Puente-Córdova JG, Rentería-Baltiérrez FY, López-Walle B, Aguilar-Garib JA. Dielectric and Viscoelastic Behavior of Polyvinyl Butyral Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4725. [PMID: 38139976 PMCID: PMC10746999 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectric and thermal properties of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) were studied in this work, using dynamic electrical analysis (DEA) at frequencies from 100 Hz to 1 MHz and temperatures from 293 K to 473 K. Two electrical relaxation processes were investigated: glass transition and interfacial polarization. Above the glass transition temperature (~343 K), interfacial polarization dominates conductive behavior in polyvinyl butyral. The framework of the complex electric modulus was used to obtain information about interfacial polarization. The viscoelastic behavior was analyzed through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), where only the mechanical manifestation of the glass transition is observed. The experimental results from dielectric measurements were analyzed with fractional calculus, using a fractional Debye model with one cap-resistor. We were successful in applying the complex electric modulus because we had a good correlation between data and theoretical predictions. The fractional order derivative is an indicator of the energy dissipated in terms of molecular mobility, and the calculated values close to 1 suggest a conductive behavior at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of PVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús G. Puente-Córdova
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Flor Y. Rentería-Baltiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Beatriz López-Walle
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Juan A. Aguilar-Garib
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
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Li Y, Hu H, Salim T, Cheng G, Lam YM, Ding J. Flexible Wet-Spun PEDOT:PSS Microfibers Integrating Thermal-Sensing and Joule Heating Functions for Smart Textiles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3432. [PMID: 37631489 PMCID: PMC10457801 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional fiber materials play a key role in the field of smart textiles. Temperature sensing and active thermal management are two important functions of smart fabrics, but few studies have combined both functions in a single fiber material. In this work, we demonstrate a temperature-sensing and in situ heating functionalized conductive polymer microfiber by exploiting its high electrical conductivity and thermoelectric properties. The conductive polymer microfibers were prepared by wet-spinning the PEDOT:PSS aqueous dispersion with ionic liquid additives, which was used to enhance the electrical and mechanical properties of the final microfibers. The thermoelectric properties of these microfibers were further studied. Due to their excellent flexibility and mechanical properties, these fibers can be easily integrated into commercial fabrics for the manufacture of smart textiles through knitting. We further demonstrated a smart glove with integrated temperature-sensing and in situ heating functions, and further explored thermoelectric fiber-based temperature-sensing array fabric. These works combine the thermoelectric properties and heating function of conductive polymer fibers, providing new insights that enable further development of high-performance, multifunctional wearable smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China;
| | - Hongwei Hu
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Teddy Salim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (T.S.); (Y.M.L.)
| | - Guanggui Cheng
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Yeng Ming Lam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (T.S.); (Y.M.L.)
| | - Jianning Ding
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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7
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Albright T, Hobeck J. Investigating the Electromechanical Properties of Carbon Black-Based Conductive Polymer Composites via Stochastic Modeling. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101641. [PMID: 37242057 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have shown potential for structural health monitoring applications based on repeated findings of irreversible transducer electromechanical property change due to fatigue. In this research, a high-fidelity stochastic modeling framework is explored for predicting the electromechanical properties of spherical element-based CPC materials at bulk scales. CPC dogbone specimens are manufactured via casting and their electromechanical properties are characterized via uniaxial tensile testing. Model parameter tuning, demonstrated in previous works, is deployed for improved simulation fidelity. Modeled predictions are found in agreement with experimental results and compared to predictions from a popular analytical model in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Albright
- Alan Levin Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jared Hobeck
- Alan Levin Department of Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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8
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Xu W, Wu Q, Gwon J, Choi JW. Ice-Crystal-Templated "Accordion-Like" Cellulose Nanofiber/MXene Composite Aerogels for Sensitive Wearable Pressure Sensors. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:3208-3218. [PMID: 36874192 PMCID: PMC9976353 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Exfoliated MXene nanosheets are integrated with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) to form composite aerogels with high electric conductivity. The combination of CNFs and MXene nanosheets forms a unique "accordion-like" hierarchical architecture with MXene-CNF pillared layers through ice-crystal templating. Benefiting from the special "layer-strut" structure, the MXene/CNF composite aerogels have low density (50 mg/cm3), excellent compressibility and recoverability, as well as superior fatigue resistance (up to 1000 cycles). When being used as a piezoresistive sensor, the composite aerogel exhibits high sensitivity upon different strains, stable sensing performance with various compressive frequencies, broad detection range, and quick responsiveness (0.48 s). Moreover, the piezoresistive sensors are shown to have an excellent real-time sensing ability for human motions such as swallowing, arm bending, walking, and running. The composite aerogels also have a low environmental impact with the natural biodegradability of CNFs. The designed composite aerogels can serve as a promising sensing material for developing next-generation sustainable and wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Xu
- School
of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana
State University AgCenter, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School
of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana
State University AgCenter, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Jaegyoung Gwon
- Forest
Products Department, National Institute
of Forest Science, 57
Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Choi
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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9
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Independent Heating Performances in the Sub-Zero Environment of MWCNT/PDMS Composite with Low Electron-Tunneling Energy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051171. [PMID: 36904412 PMCID: PMC10007197 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural stability of various structures (railroads, bridges, buildings, etc.) is lowered due to freezing because of the decreasing outside temperature in winter. To prevent damage from freezing, a technology for de-icing has been developed using an electric-heating composite. For this purpose, a highly electrically conductive composite film with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) uniformly dispersed in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix through a three-roll process was fabricated by shearing the MWCNT/PDMS paste, through a two-roll process. The electrical conductivity and the activation energy of the composite were 326.5 S/m and 8.0 meV at 5.82 Vol% of MWCNTs, respectively. The dependence of the electric-heating performance (heating rate and temperature change) on the applied voltage and environmental temperature (from -20 °C to 20 °C) was evaluated. The heating rate and effective-heat-transfer characteristics were observed to decrease as the applied voltage increased, while they showed the opposite tendency when the environmental temperature was at sub-zero temperatures. Nevertheless, the overall heating performance (heating rate and temperature change) was maintained with little significant difference in the considered external-temperature range. The unique heating behaviors can result from the low activation energy and the negative-temperature (T) coefficient of resistance (R) (NTCR, dR/dT < 0) of the MWCNT/PDMS composite.
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10
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Yuan J, Li Q, Ding L, Shi C, Wang Q, Niu Y, Xu C. Carbon Black/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based, Highly Sensitive, Flexible Pressure Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44428-44437. [PMID: 36506197 PMCID: PMC9730765 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors have promising applications in wearable devices, artificial intelligence, and other fields. However, developing low-cost and high-performance pressure sensors still poses a great challenge. Herein, we utilize low-cost carbon black (CB) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixed in porous polydimethylsiloxane to assemble a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor combined with interdigitated electrodes. Simultaneously, the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation analysis was performed to predict the sensing behavior of the pressure sensor, which was verified by experiments; the preparation of the pressure sensor was guided according to the prediction. Additionally, we studied the effects of the mixed conductive filler's weight ratio, the shape of the interdigital electrode, and the line width and spacing of the interdigital electrode on the performance of the sensor. Based on the interaction of the 3D porous structure and the synergistic conductive network of CB/MWCNTs, the prepared pressure sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 3.57 kPa-1 (∼21 kPa), a wide detection range of 0-275 kPa, fast response time (96 ms), fast recovery time (198 ms), good durability (about 3000 cycles), and good flexibility. Moreover, the fabricated sensor can monitor and recognize human activities (such as finger bending and mouse clicking), indicating that it has great potential in flexible wearable devices and other fields. It is worth noting that the preparation process of the entire pressure sensor was simple, low cost, and environmentally friendly, which provides a certain basis for industrial and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Yuan
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan030051, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- MicroNano
System Research Center, College of Information and Computer &
Key Laboratory of, Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System
of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, PR China
| | - Lifeng Ding
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan030051, PR China
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan
Institute of Technology, Taiyuan030008, PR China
| | - Congcong Shi
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan
Institute of Technology, Taiyuan030008, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan
Institute of Technology, Taiyuan030008, PR China
| | - Yulan Niu
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan
Institute of Technology, Taiyuan030008, PR China
| | - Caiyang Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan
Institute of Technology, Taiyuan030008, PR China
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11
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Feng J, Wei T, Ren Y, Ma J. Electrostatic self-assembled layered polymers form supramolecular heterojunction catalyst for photocatalytic reduction of high-stability nitrate in water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:828-839. [PMID: 35561603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two polymers are connected by electrostatic self-assembly method to form a supramolecular heterojunction to remove pollutants. g-C3N4-Cl/PANI catalyst can be used for photocatalytic reduction of nitrate in water, and the nitrogen selectivity reaches 98.2%. Specially, charge density analysis and comparative experiments showed that the introduction of covalent chlorine increased in electron transfer conduction between layers. In addition, differential charge density and solid EPR tests reveal high electron density and electron transfer pathways for supramolecular heterostructures. The results of the work function give direct evidence for the high catalytic performance of the supramolecular heterojunction. The reasons and active species of photocatalytic reduction of nitrate by g-C3N4-Cl and g-C3N4-Cl/PANI are compared. The catalyst exhibits the performance of highly reducing nitrate to harmless nitrogen with the contribution of supramolecular heterojunction and covalent chlorine. In short, a new idea of constructing a supramolecular photocatalyst is proposed, which can be applied to efficiency reduce nitrate in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Band Gap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yueming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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12
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Park SW, Kim SJ, Park SH, Lee J, Kim H, Kim MK. Recent Progress in Development and Applications of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1290. [PMID: 36014211 PMCID: PMC9415080 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroactive polymer (EAP) is a polymer that reacts to electrical stimuli, such as voltage, and can be divided into electronic and ionic EAP by an electrical energy transfer mechanism within the polymer. The mechanism of ionic EAP is the movement of the positive ions inducing voltage change in the polymer membrane. Among the ionic EAPs, an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) is composed of a metal electrode on the surface of the polymer membrane. A common material for the polymer membrane of IPMC is Nafion containing hydrogen ions, and platinum, gold, and silver are commonly used for the electrode. As a result, IPMC has advantages, such as low voltage requirements, large bending displacement, and bidirectional actuation. Manufacturing of IPMC is composed of preparing the polymer membrane and plating electrode. Preparation methods for the membrane include solution casting, hot pressing, and 3D printing. Meanwhile, electrode formation methods include electroless plating, electroplating, direct assembly process, and sputtering deposition. The manufactured IPMC is widely demonstrated in applications such as grippers, micro-pumps, biomedical, biomimetics, bending sensors, flow sensors, energy harvesters, biosensors, and humidity sensors. This paper will review the overall field of IPMC by demonstrating the categorization, principle, materials, and manufacturing method of IPMC and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Won Park
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Min Ku Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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13
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Petrény R, Tóth C, Horváth A, Mészáros L. Development of electrically conductive hybrid composites with a poly(lactic acid) matrix, with enhanced toughness for injection molding, and material extrusion-based additive manufacturing. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10287. [PMID: 36090226 PMCID: PMC9449570 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed electrically conductive nano- and hybrid composites with a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix for different melt processing technologies. We used short carbon fiber and multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforcements to enhance electric conductivity. We prepared the composite compounds with twin-screw extrusion; then the compounds were processed via injection molding and fused filament fabrication. We showed that electric conductivity only slightly increased by when only carbon nanotubes were added to the PLA matrix. However, when carbon fibers were added to the nanocomposites, the higher shear during melt mixing helped the uniform dispersion of the carbon nanotubes, resulting in a highly conductive reinforcement network in the composite. On the other hand, the hybrid reinforcement resulted in higher viscosity, making melt processing difficult and the material also became more brittle. Therefore, we added an oligomeric lactic acid plasticizer to the hybrid composites, and produced specimens by injection molding and 3D printing. The tensile strength increased by 140% and the elongation at break increased by 56%, and at the same time, the electrical conductivity of the material remained at a high level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Petrény
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3 H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenge Tóth
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3 H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aurél Horváth
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3 H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Mészáros
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3 H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH–BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Luo XL, Schubert DW. Experimental and Theoretical Study on Piezoresistive Behavior of Compressible Melamine Sponge Modified by Carbon-based Fillers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Wang F, Chen J, Cui X, Liu X, Chang X, Zhu Y. Wearable Ionogel-Based Fibers for Strain Sensors with Ultrawide Linear Response and Temperature Sensors Insensitive to Strain. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30268-30278. [PMID: 35758312 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-shaped stretchable strain and temperature sensors are highly desirable for wearable electronics due to their excellent flexibility, comfort, air permeability, and easiness to be weaved into fabric. Herein, we prepare a smart ionogel-based fiber composed of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and ionic liquid (IL) by the facile and scalable wet-spinning technique, which can serve as a wearable strain sensor with good linearity (a correlation coefficient of 0.997) in an ultrawide sensing range (up to 700%), ultralow-detection limit (0.05%), fast response (173 ms) and recovery (120 ms), and high reproducibility. Attributed to these outstanding strain sensing performances, the designed TPU/IL ionogel fiber-shaped sensor is able to monitor both subtle physiological activities and large human motions. More interestingly, because of the fast response and high resolution to strain, the fiber-shaped sensor can be sewn into the fabric to secretly encrypt and wirelessly translate message according to the principle of Morse code. More importantly, a wearable strain-insensitive temperature sensor can be obtained from the ionogel fiber if it is designed into an "S" shape, which can effectively eliminate the interference of strain on temperature sense. It is found that the inaccuracy of temperature sense is within 0.15 °C when the sensor is subjected to 30% tensile strain simultaneously. Moreover, this strain-insensitive temperature sensor shows a monotonic temperature response over a wide temperature range (-15 to 100 °C) with an ultrahigh detecting accuracy of 0.1 °C and good reliability, owing to the fast and stable thermal response of IL. This temperature sensor can realize the detection of thermal radiation, proximity, and respiration, exhibiting enormous potential in smart skin, personal healthcare, and wearable electronics. This work proposes a simple but effective strategy to realize the essential strain and temperature sensing capabilities of wearable electronics and smart fabrics without mutual interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Cui
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Xining Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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16
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Flexible pressure sensors via engineering microstructures for wearable human-machine interaction and health monitoring applications. iScience 2022; 25:104148. [PMID: 35402860 PMCID: PMC8991382 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors capable of transducing pressure stimuli into electrical signals have drawn extensive attention owing to their potential applications for human-machine interaction and healthcare monitoring. To meet these application demands, engineering microstructures in the pressure sensors are an efficient way to improve key sensing performances, such as sensitivity, linear sensing range, response time, hysteresis, and durability. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the fabrication and application of high-performance flexible pressure sensors via engineering microstructures. The implementation mechanisms and fabrication strategies of microstructures including micropatterned, porous, fiber-network, and multiple microstructures are systematically summarized. The applications of flexible pressure sensors with microstructures in the fields of wearable human-machine interaction, and ex vivo and in vivo healthcare monitoring are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the outlook and challenges in the future improvement of flexible pressure sensors toward practical applications are presented.
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17
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Shukla SK. Century Impact of Macromolecules for Advances of Sensing Sciences. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [PMCID: PMC8995417 DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Impact of macro molecular theory on the progress of sensing sciences and technology has been presented in the light of materials developments, advances in physical and chemical properties. The chronological advances in the properties of macromolecules have significantly improved the sensing performances towards gases, heavy metals, biomolecules, hydrocarbon, and energetic compounds in terms of unexplored sensing parameters, durability, and working lifetime. In this review article, efforts have been made to correlate the advances in structure and interactivity of macro-molecules with their sensing behavior and working performances. The significant findings on the macromolecules towards advancing the sensing sciences are highlighted with the suitable illustration and schemes to establish it as a potential “microanalytical technique” along with existing challenges.
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18
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Wang L, Wu L, Wang Y, Luo J, Xue H, Gao J. Drop casting based superhydrophobic and electrically conductive coating for high performance strain sensing. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Toto E, Laurenzi S, Santonicola MG. Recent Trends in Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites for Sensing Devices: Synthesis and Applications in Environmental and Human Health Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1030. [PMID: 35267853 PMCID: PMC8914833 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based nanocomposites are largely explored for the development of sensing devices due to the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of graphene. These properties, in addition to its large specific surface area, make graphene attractive for a wide range of chemical functionalization and immobilization of (bio)molecules. Several techniques based on both top-down and bottom-up approaches are available for the fabrication of graphene fillers in pristine and functionalized forms. These fillers can be further modified to enhance their integration with polymeric matrices and substrates and to tailor the sensing efficiency of the overall nanocomposite material. In this review article, we summarize recent trends in the design and fabrication of graphene/polymer nanocomposites (GPNs) with sensing properties that can be successfully applied in environmental and human health monitoring. Functional GPNs with sensing ability towards gas molecules, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation can be generated using graphene nanosheets decorated with metallic or metal oxide nanoparticles. These nanocomposites were shown to be effective in the detection of ammonia, benzene/toluene gases, and water vapor in the environment. In addition, biological analytes with broad implications for human health, such as nucleic bases or viral genes, can also be detected using sensitive, graphene-based polymer nanocomposites. Here, the role of the biomolecules that are immobilized on the graphene nanomaterial as target for sensing is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Toto
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Susanna Laurenzi
- Department of Astronautical Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria 851-881, 00138 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Gabriella Santonicola
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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20
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The investigation of chlorpyrifos (Cpy) detection of PEDOT:PSS-MXene(Ti2CTX)-BSA-GO composite using P-ISFET reduction method. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Gopi PK, Ngo DB, Chen SM, Ravikumar CH, Surareungchai W. High-performance electrochemical sensing of hazardous pesticide Paraoxon using BiVO 4 nano dendrites equipped catalytic strips. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132511. [PMID: 34688713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxon is one of the pesticide that can induce toxicity to nervous system of living organisms. In this work, we focused on synthesizing the catalyst Bismuth Vanadate with the properties that can sense the presence of organophosphorus compounds and characterized them with various characterization methods. The structural studies done by XRD, UV spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. Morphological studies were carried by SEM and TEM. Elemental analysis using XPS spectra. The proposed electrocatalyst was successfully applied as the active electrode material modifying the screen printed carbon electrode for electrochemical sensor applications. The results of the studies indicate that bismuth vanadate modified electrode exhibited four electron transfer process for reduction of nitro group and this lead to the superior electrochemical sensing performance for ethyl Paraoxon with a detection limit of 0.03 μM and good sensitivity 0.345 μA μM-1 cm-2 with excellent reproducibility, repeatability, stability and selectivity over common interferents. Furthermore, the practical application was successfully carried using the proposed modified strips to determine Paraoxon presence in the river water sample with satisfactory results. This proposed catalyst can act as a desirable candidate for the rapid electrochemical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Gopi
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Duy Ba Ngo
- School of Bio Resources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chandan Hunsur Ravikumar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Jakkasandra Post, Ramanagaram Dist, 562112, India; Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bankhuntien-Chaitalay Road, Thakam, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Werasak Surareungchai
- School of Bio Resources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, 10150, Thailand; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, KMUTT, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
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22
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Xu Y, Chen L, Chen J, Chang X, Zhu Y. Flexible and Transparent Pressure/Temperature Sensors Based on Ionogels with Bioinspired Interlocked Microstructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2122-2131. [PMID: 34971516 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired by the interlocked geometry between the epidermal-dermal layers of natural skin, here we design a flexible and transparent (94.2%) skin-like sensor with an interlocked hexagonal microcolumn array structure based on ionogels of ionic liquids (ILs) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) assisted by laser-etched silicon wafers. Attributed to the bioinspired microstructure, the resulting interlocked TPU@IL ionogel sensor exhibits outstanding pressure-sensing properties, which has an ultralow detection limit (∼10 Pa) and ultrafast responsiveness (∼24 ms). Interestingly, it is worth noting that the interlocked TPU@IL ionogel sensor also has high temperature-sensing performance because of the dependence of the ionic conductivity of ILs on the temperature, which can accurately detect a slight temperature change (0.1 °C). Moreover, the interlocked TPU@IL ionogel sensor can also serve as the strain sensor in the strain range of 0.1-10%. Attributed to the intrinsically antibacterial effect of ILs, the interlocked TPU@IL ionogel sensor possesses an antibacterial function, which is a desired merit of wearable electronics and devices. The current study provides a novel strategy to manufacture transparent, flexible, and antimicrobial e-skin sensors with multiple sensing capabilities, which may inspire more future research studies for e-skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangren Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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23
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Migliore N, Araya‐Hermosilla E, Scheutz GM, Sumerlin BS, Pucci A, Raffa P. Synthesis of poly(
1‐vinylimidazole
)‐
block
‐poly
(
9‐vinylcarbazole
) copolymers via
RAFT
and their use in chemically responsive graphitic composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Migliore
- Department of Chemical Engineering ENTEG Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - Georg M. Scheutz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of Pisa Pisa Italy
- CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Patrizio Raffa
- Department of Chemical Engineering ENTEG Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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24
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Kim J, Jung H, Kim M, Bae H, Lee Y. Conductive Polymer Composites for Soft Tactile Sensors. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Chen J, Wang F, Zhu G, Wang C, Cui X, Xi M, Chang X, Zhu Y. Breathable Strain/Temperature Sensor Based on Fibrous Networks of Ionogels Capable of Monitoring Human Motion, Respiration, and Proximity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51567-51577. [PMID: 34689555 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable strain and temperature sensors are desired for human-machine interfaces, health monitoring, and human motion monitoring. Herein, the fibrous mat with aligned nanofibers of ionic liquid (IL)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) ionogels is fabricated via an electrospinning technique. The resultant fibrous mat is cut into a rectangle specimen and electrodes are loaded along the direction perpendicular to the nanofiber orientation to design a high-performance multimodal sensor based on an ionic conducting mechanism. As a strain sensor, the obtained sensor exhibits a wide strain working range (0-200%), a fast response and recovery (119 ms), a low detection limit (0.1%), and good reproducibility because of the reversible and deformable ionic conductive pathways of the sensor. Moreover, the sensor also exhibits excellent temperature-sensing behaviors, including a monotonic thermal response, high sensitivity (2.75% °C-1), high accuracy (0.1 °C), a fast response time (2.46 s), and remarkable repeatability, attributable to the negative temperature coefficient behavior of the IL/TPU fibrous mat. More interestingly, the IL/TPU fibrous sensor possesses good breathability, which is desired for wearable electronics. Because of these excellent sensing capabilities in strain and temperature, the sensor can not only monitor tiny and large human motions but also detect respiration and proximity, exhibiting enormous potential in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxuan Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbao Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Cui
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Man Xi
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Xiaohua Chang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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26
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Piezoresistive behavior of elastomer composites with segregated network of carbon nanostructures and alumina. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Lopresti F, Pavia FC, Ceraulo M, Capuana E, Brucato V, Ghersi G, Botta L, La Carrubba V. Physical and biological properties of electrospun poly(d,l-lactide)/nanoclay and poly(d,l-lactide)/nanosilica nanofibrous scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2120-2136. [PMID: 33942505 PMCID: PMC8518812 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun scaffolds exhibiting high physical performances with the ability to support cell attachment and proliferation are attracting more and more scientific interest for tissue engineering applications. The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles such as nanosilica and nanoclay into electrospun biopolymeric matrices can meet these challenging requirements. The silica and clay incorporation into polymeric nanofibers has been reported to enhance and improve the mechanical properties as well as the osteogenic properties of the scaffolds. In this work, for the first time, the physical and biological properties of polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun mats filled with different concentrations of nanosilica and nanoclay were evaluated and compared. The inclusion of the particles was evaluated through morphological investigations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of nanofibers was differently affected by the amount and kind of fillers and it was correlated to the viscosity of the polymeric suspensions. The wettability of the scaffolds, evaluated through wet contact angle measurements, slightly increased for both the nanocomposites. The crystallinity of the systems was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry highlighting the nucleating action of both nanosilica and nanoclay on PLA. Scaffolds were mechanically characterized with tensile tests to evaluate the reinforcing action of the fillers. Finally, cell culture assays with pre-osteoblastic cells were conducted on a selected composite scaffold in order to compare the cell proliferation and morphology with that of neat PLA scaffolds. Based on the results, we can convince that nanosilica and nanoclay can be both considered great potential fillers for electrospun systems engineered for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuela Ceraulo
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, RU INSTMPalermoItaly
| | - Elisa Capuana
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, RU INSTMPalermoItaly
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, RU INSTMPalermoItaly
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Luigi Botta
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, RU INSTMPalermoItaly
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, RU INSTMPalermoItaly
- ATeN CenterUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
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28
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Magina S, Rudnitskaya A, Soreto S, Costa LC, Barros-Timmons A, Evtuguin DV. Lignosulfonate-Based Conducting Flexible Polymeric Membranes for Liquid Sensing Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5331. [PMID: 34576553 PMCID: PMC8470934 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lignosulfonate (LS) from the acid sulfite pulping of eucalypt wood was used to synthesize LS-based polyurethanes (PUs) doped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within the range of 0.1-1.4% w/w, yielding a unique conducting copolymer composite, which was employed as a sensitive material for all-solid-state potentiometric chemical sensors. LS-based PUs doped with 1.0% w/w MWCNTs exhibited relevant electrical conductivity suitable for sensor applications. The LS-based potentiometric sensor displayed a near-Nernstian or super-Nernstian response to a wide range of transition metals, including Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Hg(II), and Ag(I) at pH 7 and Cr(VI) at pH 2. It also exhibited a redox response to the Fe(II)/(III) redox pair at pH 2. Unlike other lignin-based potentiometric sensors in similar composite materials, this LS-based flexible polymeric membrane did not show irreversible complexation with Hg(II). Only a weak response toward ionic liquids, [C2mim]Cl and ChCl, was registered. Unlike LS-based composites comprising MWCNTs, those doped with graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and graphite (Gr) did not reveal the same electrical conductivity, even with loads up to 10% (w/w), in the polymer composite. This fact is associated, at least partially, with the different filler dispersion abilities within the polymeric matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Magina
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (A.B.-T.)
| | - Alisa Rudnitskaya
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Sílvia Soreto
- I3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.); (L.C.C.)
| | - Luís Cadillon Costa
- I3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.); (L.C.C.)
| | - Ana Barros-Timmons
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (A.B.-T.)
| | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.M.); (A.B.-T.)
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29
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Wang L, Zhang M, Yang B, Tan J, Ding X, Li W. Recent Advances in Multidimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) Composite Sensors Derived from MXene: Synthesis, Structure, Application, and Perspective. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100409. [PMID: 34927986 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the era of intelligent manufacturing, sensors, with various detection objects, have set off a wave of enthusiasm and reached new heights in medical treatment, intelligent industry, daily life, and so on. MXene, as an emerging family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides, possesses impressive electrical conductivity, outstanding structural controllability, and satisfying universality with other substrates. Consequently, MXene-based sensors with various functions show a booming growth based on great research potential of MXene. To promote the orderly and efficient development of MXene application in sensors, and further accelerate market-scale application of ideal sensors, in this review, a full range research effort on current MXene-based sensors is summarized. Starting with various synthesis methods of the raw material MXene, a comprehensive summary work along with 1D, 2D, or 3D MXene-based sensors on most recent works is put forward, including the preparation method, characteristic structure, and potential sensing application of each type of MXene-based composite sensors. Ultimately, insights of the opportunities and challenges on the strength of the current reported MXene-based sensor are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Meiyun Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jiaojun Tan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xueyao Ding
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an, 710021, China
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Percolated Network of Mixed Nanoparticles with Different Sizes in Polymer Nanocomposites: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123301. [PMID: 34203759 PMCID: PMC8232767 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The size of real nanoparticles (NPs) is polydisperse which can influence the electrical property of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). Here, we explored the percolated network of mixed NPs with different sizes (small NPs and big NPs) by adopting a molecular dynamics simulation. The simulated results reveal that the big NPs are adverse to building the percolated network compared to the small NPs. Thus, the percolation threshold becomes higher along with increasing the mixing ratio, which denotes the concentration ratio of big NPs to the total NPs. For a better understanding of it, the dispersion state and the number and the size of clusters are employed to analyze the percolated network, which can explain the percolation threshold well. Furthermore, by adopting the Sun’s theory (Macromolecules, 2009, 42, 459–463), small and big NPs exhibit a weak antagonistic effect in the simulation if their total concentration is fixed. On the one hand, the number of small NPs is larger than that of big NPs at the same concentration. In addition, one big NP can connect to more others than one small NP. These two contrast effects are responsible for it. Interestingly, the shear flow leads to more contact aggregation structure of NPs which is beneficial to build the new percolated networks. Especially, the big NPs play a more important role in forming the percolated network than small NPs. Consequently, the percolation threshold is reduced at a higher shear rate. In total, our research work provides a further understanding of how the mixed NPs with different sizes form the percolated network in polymer matrix.
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The Role of Zinc Chloride in Enhancing Mechanical, Thermal and Electrical Performance of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Carbonized Wood Fiber Conductive Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040600. [PMID: 33671304 PMCID: PMC7923194 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonized natural filler can offer the production of low cost composites with an eco-friendliness value. The evolving field of electronics encourages the exploration of more functions and potential for carbonized natural filler, such as by modifying its surface chemistry. In this work, we have performed surface modification on carbonized wood fiber (CWF) prior to it being used as filler in the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composite system. Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) with various contents (2 to 8 wt%) was used to surface modify the CWF and the effects of ZnCl2 composition on the surface morphology and chemistry of the CWF filler were investigated. Furthermore, the absorptive, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the EVA composites containing CWF-ZnCl2 were also analyzed. SEM images indicated changes in the morphology of the CWF while FTIR analysis proved the presence of ZnCl2 functional groups in the CWF. EVA composites incorporating the CWF-ZnCl2 showed superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties compared to the ones containing the CWF. The optimum content of ZnCl2 was found to be 6 wt%. Surface modification raised the electrical conductivity of the EVA/CWF composite through the development of conductive deposits in the porous structure of the CWF as a channel for ionic and electronic transfer between the CWF and EVA matrix.
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Wang L, Zhang M, Yang B, Tan J, Ding X. Highly Compressible, Thermally Stable, Light-Weight, and Robust Aramid Nanofibers/Ti 3AlC 2 MXene Composite Aerogel for Sensitive Pressure Sensor. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10633-10647. [PMID: 32790287 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Various wearable aerogel sensors are emerging for their light weight, fairly wide sensing range, and sensitive sensing ability. Aramid nanofibers (ANFs) as a kind of burgeoning building blocks realize multifunctional applications in diversified fields for their innate extinguished mechanical property and thermal stability. Limited by their high insulating property, in this work ANFs were designed to integrate with a 2D emerging MXene sheet with a distinct conductive property. Herein, we report an MXene/ANFs composite aerogel through a feasible controllable vacuum filtration followed by a freeze-drying process. Benefiting from the inerratic 3D hierarchical and "mortar-brick" porous structure with an ultralow density of 25 mg/cm3, MXene/ANFs aerogels are proved to possess high compressible resilience and appealing sensing performance up to 1000 times. Importantly, verified by a series of simulation experiments, the MXene/ANFs aerogel sensor shows a wide detection range (2.0-80.0% compression strain), sensitive sensing property (128 kPa-1), and ultralow detection limit (100 Pa), which still play a flexible role in detecting human light movement and even vigorous sports after undergoing ultrahigh devastating pressures (∼623 kPa). In addition, the MXene/ANFs aerogel sensor can withstand a harsh high temperature of 200 °C and shows excellent flame resistance. The MXene/ANFs aerogel with excellent integrated property, especially the highly sensitive sensing property and excellent thermal stability, presents great potential for a human behavior monitoring sensor and sensing under certain extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Meiyun Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiaojun Tan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xueyao Ding
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China
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