1
|
Khan M, Dahro B, Wang Y, Wang M, Xiao W, Qu J, Zeng Y, Fang T, Xiao P, Xu X, Li C, Liu JH. The transcription factor ERF110 promotes cold tolerance by directly regulating sugar and sterol biosynthesis in citrus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38985498 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
ERFs (ethylene-responsive factors) are known to play a key role in orchestrating cold stress signal transduction. However, the regulatory mechanisms and target genes of most ERFs are far from being well deciphered. In this study, we identified a cold-induced ERF, designated as PtrERF110, from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf., also known as Citrus trifoliata L.), an elite cold-hardy plant. PtrERF110 is a nuclear protein with transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of PtrERF110 remarkably enhanced cold tolerance in lemon (Citrus limon) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), whereas VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing)-mediated knockdown of PtrERF110 drastically impaired the cold tolerance. RNA sequence analysis revealed that PtrERF110 overexpression resulted in global transcriptional reprogramming of a range of stress-responsive genes. Three of the genes, including PtrERD6L16 (early responsive dehydration 6-like transporters), PtrSPS4 (sucrose phosphate synthase 4), and PtrUGT80B1 (UDP-glucose: sterol glycosyltransferases 80B1), were confirmed as direct targets of PtrERF110. Consistently, PtrERF110-overexpressing plants exhibited higher levels of sugars and sterols compared to their wild type counterparts, whereas the VIGS plants had an opposite trend. Exogenous supply of sucrose restored the cold tolerance of PtrERF110-silencing plants. In addition, knockdown of PtrSPS4, PtrERD6L16, and PtrUGT80B1 substantially impaired the cold tolerance of P. trifoliata. Taken together, our findings indicate that PtrERF110 positively modulates cold tolerance by directly regulating sugar and sterol synthesis through transcriptionally activating PtrERD6L16, PtrSPS4, and PtrUGT80B1. The regulatory modules (ERF110-ERD6L16/SPS4/UGT80B1) unraveled in this study advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sugar and sterol accumulation in plants subjected to cold stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bachar Dahro
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yike Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tian Fang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evtyugin DD, Evtuguin DV, Casal S, Domingues MR. Advances and Challenges in Plant Sterol Research: Fundamentals, Analysis, Applications and Production. Molecules 2023; 28:6526. [PMID: 37764302 PMCID: PMC10535520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant sterols (PS) are cholesterol-like terpenoids widely spread in the kingdom Plantae. Being the target of extensive research for more than a century, PS have topped with evidence of having beneficial effects in healthy subjects and applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, many gaps in several fields of PS's research still hinder their widespread practical applications. In fact, many of the mechanisms associated with PS supplementation and their health benefits are still not fully elucidated. Furthermore, compared to cholesterol data, many complex PS chemical structures still need to be fully characterized, especially in oxidized PS. On the other hand, PS molecules have also been the focus of structural modifications for applications in diverse areas, including not only the above-mentioned but also in e.g., drug delivery systems or alternative matrixes for functional foods and fats. All the identified drawbacks are also superimposed by the need of new PS sources and technologies for their isolation and purification, taking into account increased environmental and sustainability concerns. Accordingly, current and future trends in PS research warrant discussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D. Evtyugin
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.E.); (D.V.E.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V. Evtuguin
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.D.E.); (D.V.E.)
| | - Susana Casal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Law SY, Asanuma M, Shou J, Ozeki Y, Kodama Y, Numata K. Deuterium- and Alkyne-Based Bioorthogonal Raman Probes for In Situ Quantitative Metabolic Imaging of Lipids within Plants. JACS AU 2023; 3:1604-1614. [PMID: 37388682 PMCID: PMC10302745 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants can rapidly respond to different stresses by activating multiple signaling and defense pathways. The ability to directly visualize and quantify these pathways in real time using bioorthogonal probes would have practical applications, including characterizing plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stress. Fluorescence-based labels are widely used for tagging of small biomolecules but are relatively bulky and with potential effects on their endogenous localization and metabolism. This work describes the use of deuterium- and alkyne-derived fatty acid Raman probes to visualize and track the real-time response of plants to abiotic stress within the roots. Relative quantification of the respective signals could be used to track their localization and overall real-time responses in their fatty acid pools due to drought and heat stress without labor-intensive isolation procedures. Their overall usability and low toxicity suggest that Raman probes have great untapped potential in the field of plant bioengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon
Sau Yin Law
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- Graduate
School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jingwen Shou
- Graduate
School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Graduate
School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center
for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya
University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun L, Zhao L, Huang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Lu X, Wang S, Wang D, Chen X, Chen C, Guo L, Xu N, Zhang H, Wang J, Rui C, Han M, Fan Y, Nie T, Ye W. Genome-wide identification, evolution and function analysis of UGTs superfamily in cotton. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965403. [PMID: 36177349 PMCID: PMC9513525 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases mainly catalyse the glycosylation reaction in living organisms and widely exists in plants. UGTs have been identified from G. raimondii, G. arboreum and G. hirsutum. However, Genome-wide systematic analysis of UGTs superfamily have not been studied in G. barbadense. 752 UGTs were identified from four cotton species and grouped into 18 clades, of which R was newly discovered clades. Most UGTs were clustered at both ends of the chromosome and showed a heterogeneous distribution. UGT proteins were widely distributed in cells, with the highest distribution in chloroplasts. UGTs of the same clade shared similar intron/exon structural features. During evolution, the gene family has undergone strong selection for purification. UGTs were significantly enriched in “transcriptional activity (GO:0016758)” and “metabolic processes (GO:0008152)”. Genes from the same clade differed in function under various abiotic stresses. The analysis of cis-acting element and qRT–PCR may indicate that GHUGTs play important roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress. We further found that GHUGT74-2 plays an important role under submergence. The study broadens the understanding of UGTs in terms of gene characteristics, evolutionary processes, and gene function in cotton and provides a new way to systematically and globally understand the structure–function relationship of multigene families in the evolutionary process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangqing Sun
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
- Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Cun Rui
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Mingge Han
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
| | - Taili Nie
- Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wuwei Ye, ; Taili Nie,
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wuwei Ye, ; Taili Nie,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Drought Stress Stimulates the Terpenoid Backbone and Triterpenoid Biosynthesis Pathway to Promote the Synthesis of Saikosaponin in Bupleurum chinense DC. Roots. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175470. [PMID: 36080237 PMCID: PMC9457724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bupleurum chinense is an important medicinal plant in China; however, little is known regarding how this plant transcribes and synthesizes saikosaponins under drought stress. Herein, we investigated how drought stress stimulates the transcriptional changes of B. chinense to synthesize saikosaponins. Short-term drought stress induced the accumulation of saikosaponins, especially from the first re-watering stage (RD_1 stage) to the second re-watering stage (RD_2 stage). Saikosaponin-a and saikosaponin-d increased by 84.60% and 75.13%, respectively, from the RD_1 stage to the RD_2 stage. Drought stress also stimulated a rapid increase in the levels of the hormones abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. We screened 49 Unigenes regarding the terpenoid backbone and triterpenoid biosynthesis, of which 33 differential genes were significantly up-regulated during drought stress. Moreover, one P450 and two UGTs are possibly involved in the synthesis of saikosaponins, while some transcription factors may be involved in regulating the expression of key enzyme genes. Our study provides a reference for the cultivation of B. chinense and a practical means to ensure the quality (safety and effectiveness) of B. chinense for medicinal use, as well as insights into the modernization of the China Agriculture Research System.
Collapse
|
6
|
Specific Changes in Arabidopsis thaliana Rosette Lipids during Freezing Can Be Associated with Freezing Tolerance. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050385. [PMID: 35629889 PMCID: PMC9145600 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While the roles of a few specific lipids in plant freezing tolerance are understood, the effect of many plant lipids remains to be determined. Acclimation of plants to non-freezing cold before exposure to freezing temperatures improves the outcome of plants, compared to plants exposed to freezing without acclimation. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were subjected to one of three treatments: (1) "control", i.e., growth at 21 °C, (2) "non-acclimated", i.e., 3 days at 21 °C, 2 h at -8 °C, and 24 h recovery at 21 °C, and (3) "acclimated", i.e., 3 days at 4 °C, 2 h at -8 °C, and 24 h recovery at 21 °C. Plants were harvested at seven time points during the treatments, and lipid levels were measured by direct-infusion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Ion leakage was measured at the same time points. To examine the function of lipid species in relation to freezing tolerance, the lipid levels in plants immediately following the freezing treatment were correlated with the outcome, i.e., ion leakage 24-h post-freezing. Based on the correlations, hypotheses about the functions of specific lipids were generated. Additionally, analysis of the lipid levels in plants with mutations in genes encoding patatin-like phospholipases, lipoxygenases, and 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase 3 (opr3), under the same treatments as the wild-type plants, identified only the opr3-2 mutant as having major lipid compositional differences compared to wild-type plants.
Collapse
|
7
|
UGT72, a Major Glycosyltransferase Family for Flavonoid and Monolignol Homeostasis in Plants. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030441. [PMID: 35336815 PMCID: PMC8945231 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Phenylpropanoids are specialized metabolites playing crucial roles in plant developmental processes and in plant defense towards pathogens. The attachment of sugar moieties to these small hydrophobic molecules renders them more hydrophilic and increases their solubility. The UDP-glycosyltransferase 72 family (UGT72) of plants has been shown to glycosylate mainly two classes of phenylpropanoids, (i) the monolignols that are the building blocks of lignin, the second most abundant polymer after cellulose, and (ii) the flavonoids, which play determinant roles in plant interactions with other organisms and in response to stress. The purpose of this review is to bring an overview of the current knowledge of the UGT72 family and to highlight its role in the homeostasis of these molecules. Potential applications in pharmacology and in wood, paper pulp, and bioethanol production are given within the perspectives. Abstract Plants have developed the capacity to produce a diversified range of specialized metabolites. The glycosylation of those metabolites potentially decreases their toxicity while increasing their stability and their solubility, modifying their transport and their storage. The UGT, forming the largest glycosyltransferase superfamily in plants, combine enzymes that glycosylate mainly hormones and phenylpropanoids by using UDP-sugar as a sugar donor. Particularly, members of the UGT72 family have been shown to glycosylate the monolignols and the flavonoids, thereby being involved in their homeostasis. First, we explore primitive UGTs in algae and liverworts that are related to the angiosperm UGT72 family and their role in flavonoid homeostasis. Second, we describe the role of several UGT72s glycosylating monolignols, some of which have been associated with lignification. In addition, the role of other UGT72 members that glycosylate flavonoids and are involved in the development and/or stress response is depicted. Finally, the importance to explore the subcellular localization of UGTs to study their roles in planta is discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mishra MK, Tiwari S, Misra P. Overexpression of WssgtL3.1 gene from Withania somnifera confers salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2191-2204. [PMID: 33523260 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of Withania somnifera SGT gene (WssgtL3.1) in transgenic Arabidopsis improves various agronomic and physiological traits and alters conjugated sterol levels to mitigate the effect of salt stress. Sterols are essential constituents of cell membranes that are involved in several biological functions, including response to various biotic and abiotic stresses by altering membrane permeability and signaling pathways. Sterol glycosyltransferases (SGTs) are enzymes that are involved in sterol modification by converting sterols into sterol-conjugates to play essential roles in adaptive responses. However, their roles under abiotic stresses are lesser-known. Among abiotic stresses, salinity imposes serious threat to crop yield worldwide, hence the present study intends to investigate the role of WssgtL3.1-overexpressed Arabidopsis plants under salt stress indicating the crosstalk between SGT gene and salinity to develop improved crop varieties with better stress tolerance ability. The findings revealed that overexpression of WssgtL3.1 gene in A. thaliana improved the resistance against salt stress in the overexpressing lines. Transgenic lines showed significantly higher germination rate, increased plant growth with less chlorophyll damage compared to wild-type (WT) control plants. Moreover, better tolerance also correlated with enhanced osmolytes (proline and soluble sugar), better membrane integrity, decreased H2O2 production and lesser MDA accumulation and Na+/K+ ratio with more negative osmotic potential in overexpressed lines. Additionally, in sterol profiling, significant enhancement in stigmasterol was also observed in transgenic lines than WT plants. Furthermore, in expression profiling, salt responsive genes LEA 4-5, sucrose synthase, and transporter of monosaccharide (ERD) significantly upregulated in overexpressing lines as compared to WT. Thus our data strongly support the defensive role of Withania somnifera SGT gene (WssgtL3.1) against salt stress and contribute to improved salinity tolerance in plants through sterol modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shalini Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Pratibha Misra
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reimer JJ, Thiele B, Biermann RT, Junker-Frohn LV, Wiese-Klinkenberg A, Usadel B, Wormit A. Tomato leaves under stress: a comparison of stress response to mild abiotic stress between a cultivated and a wild tomato species. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:177-206. [PMID: 34677706 PMCID: PMC8553704 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most produced crop plants on earth and growing in the fields and greenhouses all over the world. Breeding with known traits of wild species can enhance stress tolerance of cultivated crops. In this study, we investigated responses of the transcriptome as well as primary and secondary metabolites in leaves of a cultivated and a wild tomato to several abiotic stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, chilling or warmer temperatures, elevated light intensities and combinations thereof. The wild species responded different to varied temperature conditions compared to the cultivated tomato. Nitrogen deficiency caused the strongest responses and induced in particular the secondary metabolism in both species but to much higher extent in the cultivated tomato. Our study supports the potential of a targeted induction of valuable secondary metabolites in green residues of horticultural production, that will otherwise only be composted after fruit harvest. In particular, the cultivated tomato showed a strong induction in the group of mono caffeoylquinic acids in response to nitrogen deficiency. In addition, the observed differences in stress responses between cultivated and wild tomato can lead to new breeding targets for better stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Reimer
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, PtJ, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robin T Biermann
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., 14979, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Laura V Junker-Frohn
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Bioinformatics (IBG-4), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Bioinformatics (IBG-4), 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Chair of Biological Data Science, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wormit
- Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Bioeconomy Science Center, c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Zeng Y, Pan Y, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Guo H, Lou Q, Shui G, Huang H, Tian H, Guo Y, Yuan P, Yang H, Pan G, Wang R, Zhang H, Yang S, Guo Y, Ge S, Li J, Li Z. Stepwise selection of natural variations at CTB2 and CTB4a improves cold adaptation during domestication of japonica rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1056-1072. [PMID: 33892513 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of cold adaptation has contributed to the increased growing area of rice. Standing variation and de novo mutation are distinct natural sources of beneficial alleles in plant adaptation. However, the genetic mechanisms and evolutionary patterns underlying these sources in a single population during crop domestication remain elusive. Here we cloned the CTB2 gene, encoding a UDP-glucose sterol glucosyltransferase, for cold tolerance in rice at the booting stage. A single standing variation (I408V) in the conserved UDPGT domain of CTB2 originated from Chinese Oryza rufipogon and contributed to the cold adaptation of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica. CTB2 is located in a 56.8 kb region, including the previously reported gene CTB4a in which de novo mutation arose c. 3200 yr BP in Yunnan province, China, conferring cold tolerance. Standing variation of CTB2 and de novo mutation of CTB4a underwent stepwise selection to facilitate cold adaptation to expand rice cultivation from high-altitude to high-latitude regions. These results provide an example of stepwise selection on two kinds of variation and describe a new molecular mechanism of cold adaptation in japonica rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Yinghua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haifeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qijin Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Lipid ALL Technologies Ltd, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Hanguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongmei Guo
- Institute of Crop Science, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Pingrong Yuan
- Institute of Crop Science, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Lijiang Institute of Agricultural Science, Lijiang, 674100, China
| | - Guojun Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiamusi, 154026, China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiamusi, 154026, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Song Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jinjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zichao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Endo I, Watanabe T, Miyamoto T, Monjusho-Goda H, Ohara J, Hayashi M, Hama Y, Ishibashi Y, Okino N, Ito M. C4-monomethylsterol β-glucoside and its synthase in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1350-1363. [PMID: 34224567 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thraustochytrids, unicellular marine protists, synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and PUFA-containing phospholipids; however, little is known about their glycolipids and their associated metabolism. Here, we report two glycolipids (GL-A, B) and their synthases in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186. Two glycolipids were purified from A. limacinum mh0186, and they were determined by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance to be 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-stigmasta-5,7,22-triene (GL-A) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4α-methyl-stigmasta-7,22-diene (GL-B), both of which are sterol β-glucosides (β-SGs); the structure of GL-B has not been reported thus far. Seven candidate genes responsible for the synthesis of these β-SGs were extracted from the draft genome database of A. limacinum using the yeast sterol β-glucosyltransferase (SGT; EC 2.4.1.173) sequence as a query. Expression analysis using Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that two gene products (AlSGT-1 and 2) catalyze the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to sterols, generating sterylglucosides (SGs). Compared to AlSGT-1, AlSGT-2 exhibited wide specificity for sterols and used C4-monomethylsterol to synthesize GL-B. The disruption of alsgt-2 but not alsgt-1 in strain mh0186 resulted in a decrease in total SG and almost complete loss of GL-B, indicating that AlSGT-2 is responsible for the synthesis of β-SGs in A. limacinum mh0186, especially GL-B, which possesses a unique sterol structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Endo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology
| | | | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hama
- Applied Biochemistry and Food Science Course, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | | | | | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology.,Innovative Bio-Architecture Center, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
CC-type glutaredoxin, OsGrx_C7 plays a crucial role in enhancing protection against salt stress in rice. J Biotechnol 2021; 329:192-203. [PMID: 33610657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the critical issue worldwide that adversely affect soil fertility. Salt stress significantly limits crop yield and grain quality; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a strategy to improve salt stress tolerance. In present study, we reported that rice glutaredoxin (OsGrx_C7) plays a positive response in salt induced stress. Gene expression analysis, silencing, and overexpression of OsGrx_C7 gene were used to discover the role of OsGrx_C7 in response to salt stress. Gene expression analysis suggested that OsGrx_C7 expression was induced under salt stress and ubiquitously expressed in rice including root and shoot. The silencing of osgrx_c7 gene leads to increased sensitivity to salt stress, indicating its importance in salt stress tolerance. A gain-of-function approach showed that OsGrx_C7 may act as an important determinant in salt stress, compared with WT, and revealed higher biomass accumulation, improved root and plant growth under salt stress. Under salt stress condition, OsGrx_C7 overexpressing rice plants showed lower level of lipid peroxidation and Na+/K+ ratio, while proline accumulation, soluble sugar content and GSH/GSSG ratio was higher compared to WT. Furthermore, expression analysis suggested that OsGrx_C7 acted as positive regulator of salt tolerance by reinforcing the expression of transporters (OsHKT2;1, OsHKT1;5 and OsSOS1) engaged in Na+ homeostasis in overexpressing plants. Overall our study revealed that OsGrx_C7 emerged as a key mediator in response to salt stress in rice and could be used for engineering tolerance against salt stress in rice and other crops.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang X, Lin K, Li Y. Highlights to phytosterols accumulation and equilibrium in plants: Biosynthetic pathway and feedback regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:637-649. [PMID: 32858426 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are a group of sterols exclusive to plants and fungi, but are indispensable to humans because of their medicinal and nutritional values. However, current raw materials used for phytosterols extraction add to the cost and waste in the process. For higher sterols production, major attention is drawn to plant materials abundant in phytosterols and genetic modification. To provide an insight into phytosterols metabolism, the research progress on key enzymes involved in phytosterols biosynthesis and conversions were summarized. CAS, SSR2, SMT, DWF1 and CYP710A, the enzymes participating in the biosynthetic pathway, and PSAT, ASAT and SGT, the enzymes involved in the conversion of free sterols to conjugated ones, were reviewed. Specifically, SMT and CYP710A were emphasized for their function on modulating the percentage composition of different kinds of phytosterols. The thresholds of sterol equilibrium and the resultant phytosterols accumulation, which vary in plant species and contribute to plasma membrane remodeling under stresses, were also discussed. By retrospective analysis of the previous researches, we proposed a feedback mechanism regulating sterol equilibrium underlying sterols metabolism. From a strategic perspective, we regard salt tolerant plant as an alternative to present raw materials, which will attain higher phytosterols production in combination with gene-modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kangqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shiva S, Samarakoon T, Lowe KA, Roach C, Vu HS, Colter M, Porras H, Hwang C, Roth MR, Tamura P, Li M, Schrick K, Shah J, Wang X, Wang H, Welti R. Leaf Lipid Alterations in Response to Heat Stress of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070845. [PMID: 32635518 PMCID: PMC7412450 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In response to elevated temperatures, plants alter the activities of enzymes that affect lipid composition. While it has long been known that plant leaf membrane lipids become less unsaturated in response to heat, other changes, including polygalactosylation of galactolipids, head group acylation of galactolipids, increases in phosphatidic acid and triacylglycerols, and formation of sterol glucosides and acyl sterol glucosides, have been observed more recently. In this work, by measuring lipid levels with mass spectrometry, we confirm the previously observed changes in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf lipids under three heat stress regimens. Additionally, in response to heat, increased oxidation of the fatty acyl chains of leaf galactolipids, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, and phosphatidylglycerols, and incorporation of oxidized acyl chains into acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerols are shown. We also observed increased levels of digalactosylmonoacylglycerols and monogalactosylmonoacylglycerols. The hypothesis that a defect in sterol glycosylation would adversely affect regrowth of plants after a severe heat stress regimen was tested, but differences between wild-type and sterol glycosylation-defective plants were not detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Shiva
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (R.W.)
| | - Thilani Samarakoon
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kaleb A. Lowe
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Charles Roach
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Hieu Sy Vu
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Madeline Colter
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Hollie Porras
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Caroline Hwang
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Mary R. Roth
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Pamela Tamura
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Maoyin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA; (M.L.); (X.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA
| | - Kathrin Schrick
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA;
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA; (M.L.); (X.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0802, USA;
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, USA; (T.S.); (K.A.L.); (C.R.); (H.S.V.); (M.C.); (H.P.); (C.H.); (M.R.R.); (P.T.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (R.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gibson MJS, Moyle LC. Regional differences in the abiotic environment contribute to genomic divergence within a wild tomato species. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2204-2217. [PMID: 32419208 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The wild currant tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium inhabits a wide range of abiotic habitats across its native range of Ecuador and Peru. Although it has served as a key genetic resource for the improvement of domestic cultivars, little is known about the genetic basis of traits underlying local adaptation in this species, nor what abiotic variables are most important for driving differentiation. Here we use redundancy analysis (RDA) and other multivariate statistical methods (structural equation modelling [SEM] and generalized dissimilarity modelling [GDM]) to quantify the relationship of genomic variation (6,830 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) with climate and geography, among 140 wild accessions. RDA, SEM and GDM each identified environment as explaining more genomic variation than geography, suggesting that local adaptation to heterogeneous abiotic habitats may be an important source of genetic diversity in this species. Environmental factors describing temporal variation in precipitation and evaporative demand explained the most SNP variation among accessions, indicating that these forces may represent key selective agents. Lastly, by studying how SNP-environment associations vary throughout the genome (44,064 SNPs), we mapped the location and investigated the functions of loci putatively contributing to climatic adaptations. Together, our findings indicate an important role for selection imposed by the abiotic environment in driving genomic differentiation between populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonie C Moyle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Zhu FL, Zheng XW, Hu ML, Dong C, Diao Y, Wang YW, Xie KQ, Hu ZL. Comparative population genomics reveals genetic divergence and selection in lotus, Nelumbo nucifera. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:146. [PMID: 32046648 PMCID: PMC7014656 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is an aquatic plant with important agronomic, horticulture, art and religion values. It was the basal eudicot species occupying a critical phylogenetic position in flowering plants. After the domestication for thousands of years, lotus has differentiated into three cultivated types -flower lotus, seed lotus and rhizome lotus. Although the phenotypic and genetic differentiations based on molecular markers have been reported, the variation on whole-genome level among the different lotus types is still ambiguous. Results In order to reveal the evolution and domestication characteristics of lotus, a total of 69 lotus accessions were selected, including 45 cultivated accessions, 22 wild sacred lotus accessions, and 2 wild American lotus accessions. With Illumina technology, the genomes of these lotus accessions were resequenced to > 13× raw data coverage. On the basis of these genomic data, 25 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in lotus. Population analysis showed that the rhizome and seed lotus were monophyletic and genetically homogeneous, whereas the flower lotus was biphyletic and genetically heterogeneous. Using population SNP data, we identified 1214 selected regions in seed lotus, 95 in rhizome lotus, and 37 in flower lotus. Some of the genes in these regions contributed to the essential domestication traits of lotus. The selected genes of seed lotus mainly affected lotus seed weight, size and nutritional quality. While the selected genes were responsible for insect resistance, antibacterial immunity and freezing and heat stress resistance in flower lotus, and improved the size of rhizome in rhizome lotus, respectively. Conclusions The genome differentiation and a set of domestication genes were identified from three types of cultivated lotus- flower lotus, seed lotus and rhizome lotus, respectively. Among cultivated lotus, flower lotus showed the greatest variation. The domestication genes may show agronomic importance via enhancing insect resistance, improving seed weight and size, or regulating lotus rhizome size. The domestication history of lotus enhances our knowledge of perennial aquatic crop evolution, and the obtained dataset provides a basis for future genomics-enabled breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.,Guangchang Research School of White Lotus, Guangchang, 344900, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Diao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science / Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Wei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qiang Xie
- Guangchang Research School of White Lotus, Guangchang, 344900, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Castillo N, Pastor V, Chávez Á, Arró M, Boronat A, Flors V, Ferrer A, Altabella T. Inactivation of UDP-Glucose Sterol Glucosyltransferases Enhances Arabidopsis Resistance to Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1162. [PMID: 31611892 PMCID: PMC6776639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Free and glycosylated sterols are both structural components of the plasma membrane that regulate their biophysical properties and consequently different plasma membrane-associated processes such as plant adaptation to stress or signaling. Several reports relate changes in glycosylated sterols levels with the plant response to abiotic stress, but the information about the role of these compounds in the response to biotic stress is scarce. In this work, we have studied the response to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea in an Arabidopsis mutant that is severely impaired in steryl glycosides biosynthesis due to the inactivation of the two sterol glucosyltransferases (UGT80A2 and UGT80B1) reported in this plant. This mutant exhibits enhanced resistance against B. cinerea when compared to wild-type plants, which correlates with increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and up-regulation of two marker genes (PDF1.2 and PR4) of the ERF branch of the JA signaling pathway. Upon B. cinerea infection, the ugt80A2;B1 double mutant also accumulates higher levels of camalexin, the major Arabidopsis phytoalexin, than wild-type plants. Camalexin accumulation correlates with enhanced transcript levels of several cytochrome P450 camalexin biosynthetic genes, as well as of their transcriptional regulators WRKY33, ANAC042, and MYB51, suggesting that the Botrytis-induced accumulation of camalexin is coordinately regulated at the transcriptional level. After fungus infection, the expression of genes involved in the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis is also up-regulated at a higher degree in the ugt80A2;B1 mutant than in wild-type plants. Altogether, the results of this study show that glycosylated sterols play an important role in the regulation of Arabidopsis response to B. cinerea infection and suggest that this occurs through signaling pathways involving the canonical stress-hormone JA and the tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites camalexin and possibly also indole glucosinolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Castillo
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Ángel Chávez
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arró
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Altabella, ; Albert Ferrer,
| | - Teresa Altabella
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Altabella, ; Albert Ferrer,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lung SC, Liao P, Yeung EC, Hsiao AS, Xue Y, Chye ML. Arabidopsis ACYL-COA-BINDING PROTEIN1 interacts with STEROL C4-METHYL OXIDASE1-2 to modulate gene expression of homeodomain-leucine zipper IV transcription factors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:183-200. [PMID: 29288621 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) and sterols constitute building blocks of eukaryotic membranes and lipid signals. Co-regulation of FA and sterol synthesis is mediated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in animals but remains elusive in plants. We reported recently that Arabidopsis ACYL-COA-BINDING PROTEIN1 (ACBP1) modulates sterol synthesis via protein-protein interaction with STEROL C4-METHYL OXIDASE1-1 (SMO1-1). Herein, ACBP1 was demonstrated to co-express and interact with SMO1-2 by yeast two-hybrid, co-localization, pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation and β-glucuronidase assays. SMO1-2 silenced in acbp1 was used in phenotyping, GC-MS and expression profiling. ACBP1 co-expressed with SMO1-2 in embryo sacs, pollen and trichomes, corroborating with cooperative tissue-specific functions unseen with SMO1-1. SMO1-2 silencing in acbp1 impaired seed development, male and female gamete transmission, and pollen function. Genes encoding homeodomain-leucine zipper IV transcription factors (HDG5, HDG10, HDG11 and GLABRA2), which potentially bind phospholipids/sterols, were transcribed aberrantly. GLABRA2 targets (MYB23, MUM4 and PLDα1) were misregulated, causing glabra2-resembling trichome, seed coat mucilage and oil-accumulating phenotypes. Together with altered sterol and FA compositions upon ACBP1 mutation and/or SMO1-2 silencing, ACBP1-SMO1 interaction appears to mediate homeostatic co-regulation of FAs and sterols, which serve as lipid modulators for gene expression of homeodomain-leucine zipper IV transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edward C Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - An-Shan Hsiao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Xue
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Singh G, Dhar YV, Asif MH, Misra P. Exploring the functional significance of sterol glycosyltransferase enzymes. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 69:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
20
|
Wang M, Zhang T, Peng H, Luo S, Tan J, Jiang K, Heng Y, Zhang X, Guo X, Zheng J, Cheng Z. Rice Premature Leaf Senescence 2, Encoding a Glycosyltransferase (GT), Is Involved in Leaf Senescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:560. [PMID: 29755498 PMCID: PMC5932172 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Premature leaf senescence (PLS), which has a significant impact on yield, is caused by various underlying mechanisms. Glycosyltransferases, which function in glycosyl transfer from activated nucleotides to aglycones, are involved in diverse biological processes, but their roles in rice leaf senescence remain elusive. Here, we isolated and characterized a leaf senescence-related gene from the Premature Leaf Senescent mutant (pls2). The mutant phenotype began with leaf yellowing at tillering and resulted in PLS during the reproductive stage. Leaf senescence was associated with an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content accompanied with pronounced decreases in net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Map-based cloning revealed that a mutation in LOC_Os03g15840 (PLS2), a putative glycosyltransferase- encoding gene, was responsible for the defective phenotype. PLS2 expression was detected in all tissues surveyed, but predominantly in leaf mesophyll cells. Subcellular localization of the PLS2 was in the endoplasmic reticulum. The pls2 mutant accumulated higher levels of sucrose together with decreased expression of sucrose metabolizing genes compared with wild type. These data suggested that the PLS2 allele is essential for normal leaf senescence and its mutation resulted in PLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Jining, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juejie Tan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Jiang
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
| | - Yueqin Heng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakui Zheng
- Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jiakui Zheng, Zhijun Cheng,
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiakui Zheng, Zhijun Cheng,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Busatto N, Farneti B, Commisso M, Bianconi M, Iadarola B, Zago E, Ruperti B, Spinelli F, Zanella A, Velasco R, Ferrarini A, Chitarrini G, Vrhovsek U, Delledonne M, Guzzo F, Costa G, Costa F. Apple fruit superficial scald resistance mediated by ethylene inhibition is associated with diverse metabolic processes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:270-285. [PMID: 29160608 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fruits stored at low temperature can exhibit different types of chilling injury. In apple, one of the most serious physiological disorders is superficial scald, which is characterized by discoloration and brown necrotic patches on the fruit exocarp. Although this phenomenon is widely ascribed to the oxidation of α-farnesene, its physiology is not yet fully understood. To elucidate the mechanism of superficial scald development and possible means of prevention, we performed an integrated metabolite screen, including an analysis of volatiles, phenols and lipids, together with a large-scale transcriptome study. We also determined that prevention of superficial scald, through the use of an ethylene action inhibitor, is associated with the triggering of cold acclimation-related processes. Specifically, the inhibition of ethylene perception stimulated the production of antioxidant compounds to scavenge reactive oxygen species, the synthesis of fatty acids to stabilize plastid and vacuole membranes against cold temperature, and the accumulation of the sorbitol, which can act as a cryoprotectant. The pattern of sorbitol accumulation was consistent with the expression profile of a sorbitol 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, MdS6PDH, the overexpression of which in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants confirmed its involvement in the cold acclimation and freezing tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Busatto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Brian Farneti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Martino Bianconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Iadarola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Zago
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Zanella
- Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, via Laimburg 6, 39040, Ora, BZ, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Chitarrini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, Cà Vignal 1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Costa
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all' Adige, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Takahashi D, Uemura M, Kawamura Y. Freezing Tolerance of Plant Cells: From the Aspect of Plasma Membrane and Microdomain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1081:61-79. [PMID: 30288704 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Freezing stress is accompanied by a state change from water to ice and has multiple facets causing dehydration; consequently, hyperosmotic and mechanical stresses coupled with unfavorable chilling stress act in a parallel way. Freezing tolerance varies widely among plant species, and, for example, most temperate plants can overcome deleterious effects caused by freezing temperatures in winter. Destabilization and dysfunction of the plasma membrane are tightly linked to freezing injury of plant cells. Plant freezing tolerance increases upon exposure to nonfreezing low temperatures (cold acclimation). Recent studies have unveiled pleiotropic responses of plasma membrane lipids and proteins to cold acclimation. In addition, advanced techniques have given new insights into plasma membrane structural non-homogeneity, namely, microdomains. This chapter describes physiological implications of plasma membrane responses enhancing freezing tolerance during cold acclimation, with a focus on microdomains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takahashi
- Central Infrastructure Group Genomics and Transcript Profiling, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences and Department of Plant-biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawamura
- Cryobiofrontier Research Center and Department of Plant-biosciences, and United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ramirez-Estrada K, Castillo N, Lara JA, Arró M, Boronat A, Ferrer A, Altabella T. Tomato UDP-Glucose Sterol Glycosyltransferases: A Family of Developmental and Stress Regulated Genes that Encode Cytosolic and Membrane-Associated Forms of the Enzyme. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 28649260 PMCID: PMC5465953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sterol glycosyltransferases (SGTs) catalyze the glycosylation of the free hydroxyl group at C-3 position of sterols to produce sterol glycosides. Glycosylated sterols and free sterols are primarily located in cell membranes where in combination with other membrane-bound lipids play a key role in modulating their properties and functioning. In contrast to most plant species, those of the genus Solanum contain very high levels of glycosylated sterols, which in the case of tomato may account for more than 85% of the total sterol content. In this study, we report the identification and functional characterization of the four members of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) SGT gene family. Expression of recombinant SlSGT proteins in E. coli cells and N. benthamiana leaves demonstrated the ability of the four enzymes to glycosylate different sterol species including cholesterol, brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol, which is consistent with the occurrence in their primary structure of the putative steroid-binding domain found in steroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and the UDP-sugar binding domain characteristic for a superfamily of nucleoside diphosphosugar glycosyltransferases. Subcellular localization studies based on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and cell fractionation analyses revealed that the four tomato SGTs, like the Arabidopsis SGTs UGT80A2 and UGT80B1, localize into the cytosol and the PM, although there are clear differences in their relative distribution between these two cell fractions. The SlSGT genes have specialized but still largely overlapping expression patterns in different organs of tomato plants and throughout the different stages of fruit development and ripening. Moreover, they are differentially regulated in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. SlSGT4 expression increases markedly in response to osmotic, salt, and cold stress, as well as upon treatment with abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate. Stress-induced SlSGT2 expression largely parallels that of SlSGT4. On the contrary, SlSGT1 and SlSGT3 expression remains almost unaltered under the tested stress conditions. Overall, this study contributes to broaden the current knowledge on plant SGTs and provides support to the view that tomato SGTs play overlapping but not completely redundant biological functions involved in mediating developmental and stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Ramirez-Estrada
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nídia Castillo
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan A. Lara
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monserrat Arró
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Altabella, Albert Ferrer,
| | - Teresa Altabella
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB)Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Altabella, Albert Ferrer,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tiwari S, Prasad V, Chauhan PS, Lata C. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Confers Tolerance to Various Abiotic Stresses and Modulates Plant Response to Phytohormones through Osmoprotection and Gene Expression Regulation in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1510. [PMID: 28900441 PMCID: PMC5581838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile in nature, plants have to withstand various adverse environmental stress conditions including both biotic and abiotic stresses. Comparatively, abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperature, and cold pose major threat to agriculture by negatively impacting plant growth and yield worldwide. Rice is one of the most widely consumed staple cereals across the globe, the production and productivity of which is also severely affected by different abiotic stresses. Therefore, several crop improvement programs are directed toward developing stress tolerant rice cultivars either through marker assisted breeding or transgenic technology. Alternatively, some known rhizospheric competent bacteria are also known to improve plant growth during abiotic stresses. A plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NBRI-SN13 (SN13) was previously reported by our lab to confer salt stress tolerance to rice seedlings. However, the present study investigates the role of SN13 in ameliorating various abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, desiccation, heat, cold, and freezing on a popular rice cv. Saryu-52 under hydroponic growth conditions. Apart from this, seedlings were also exogenously supplied with abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethephon (ET) to study the role of SN13 in phytohormone-induced stress tolerance as well as its role in abiotic and biotic stress cross-talk. All abiotic stresses and phytohormone treatments significantly affected various physiological and biochemical parameters like membrane integrity and osmolyte accumulation. SN13 also positively modulated stress-responsive gene expressions under various abiotic stresses and phytohormone treatments suggesting its multifaceted role in cross-talk among stresses and phytohormones in response to PGPR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on detailed analysis of plant growth promotion and stress alleviation by a PGPR in rice seedlings subjected to various abiotic stresses and phytohormone treatments for 0, 1, 3, 10, and 24 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Tiwari
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research–National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
- Department of Botany, University of LucknowLucknow, India
| | - Vivek Prasad
- Department of Botany, University of LucknowLucknow, India
| | - Puneet S. Chauhan
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research–National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Charu Lata
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research–National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Charu Lata, ;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tiwari P, Sangwan RS, Sangwan NS. Plant secondary metabolism linked glycosyltransferases: An update on expanding knowledge and scopes. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:714-739. [PMID: 27131396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The multigene family of enzymes known as glycosyltransferases or popularly known as GTs catalyze the addition of carbohydrate moiety to a variety of synthetic as well as natural compounds. Glycosylation of plant secondary metabolites is an emerging area of research in drug designing and development. The unsurpassing complexity and diversity among natural products arising due to glycosylation type of alterations including glycodiversification and glycorandomization are emerging as the promising approaches in pharmacological studies. While, some GTs with broad spectrum of substrate specificity are promising candidates for glycoengineering while others with stringent specificity pose limitations in accepting molecules and performing catalysis. With the rising trends in diseases and the efficacy/potential of natural products in their treatment, glycosylation of plant secondary metabolites constitutes a key mechanism in biogeneration of their glycoconjugates possessing medicinal properties. The present review highlights the role of glycosyltransferases in plant secondary metabolism with an overview of their identification strategies, catalytic mechanism and structural studies on plant GTs. Furthermore, the article discusses the biotechnological and biomedical application of GTs ranging from detoxification of xenobiotics and hormone homeostasis to the synthesis of glycoconjugates and crop engineering. The future directions in glycosyltransferase research should focus on the synthesis of bioactive glycoconjugates via metabolic engineering and manipulation of enzyme's active site leading to improved/desirable catalytic properties. The multiple advantages of glycosylation in plant secondary metabolomics highlight the increasing significance of the GTs, and in near future, the enzyme superfamily may serve as promising path for progress in expanding drug targets for pharmacophore discovery and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Tiwari
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rajender Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, C-127, Phase-8, Industrial Area, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160071, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
| |
Collapse
|