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Wu J, Fu X, Zhao L, Lv J, Lv S, Shang J, Lv J, Du S, Guo H, Ma F. Biochar as a partner of plants and beneficial microorganisms to assist in-situ bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171442. [PMID: 38453085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Synergistic remediation of heavy metal (HM) contaminated soil using beneficial microorganisms (BM) and plants is a common and effective in situ bioremediation method. However, the shortcomings of this approach are the low colonisation of BM under high levels of heavy metal stress (HMS) and the poor state of plant growth. Previous studies have overlooked the potential of biochar to mitigate the above problems and aid in-situ remediation. Therefore, this paper describes the characteristics and physicochemical properties of biochar. It is proposed that biochar enhances plant resistance to HMS and aids in situ bioremediation by increasing colonisation of BM and HM stability. On this basis, the paper focuses on the following possible mechanisms: specific biochar-derived organic matter regulates the transport of HMs in plants and promotes mycorrhizal colonisation via the abscisic acid signalling pathway and the karrikin signalling pathway; promotes the growth-promoting pathway of indole-3-acetic acid and increases expression of the nodule-initiating gene NIN; improvement of soil HM stability by ion exchange, electrostatic adsorption, redox and complex precipitation mechanisms. And this paper summarizes guidelines on how to use biochar-assisted remediation based on current research for reference. Finally, the paper identifies research gaps in biochar in the direction of promoting beneficial microbial symbiotic mechanisms, recognition and function of organic molecules, and factors affecting practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Xiaofan Fu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jin Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Sidi Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jiaxuan Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Shuxuan Du
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Haijuan Guo
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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2
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Bredow M, Monaghan J. Cross-kingdom regulation of calcium- and/or calmodulin-dependent protein kinases by phospho-switches that relieve autoinhibition. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102251. [PMID: 35767936 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms to sense and respond to calcium have evolved in all organisms. Calmodulin is a universal calcium sensor across eukaryotes that directly binds calcium and associates with many downstream signal transducers including protein kinases. All eukaryotes encode calcium-dependent and/or calmodulin-dependent kinases, however there are distinct protein families across kingdoms. Here, we compare the activation mechanisms of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CCaMKs) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), noting striking similarities regarding phosphorylation in a regulatory segment known as the autoinhibitory junction. We thus propose that conserved regulation by phosphorylation underlies the activation of calcium-responsive proteins from different kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bredow
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA.
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Orrego PR, Serrano-Rodríguez M, Cortez M, Araya JE. In Silico Characterization of Calcineurin from Pathogenic Obligate Intracellular Trypanosomatids: Potential New Biological Roles. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091322. [PMID: 34572535 PMCID: PMC8470620 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN) is present in all eukaryotic cells, including intracellular trypanosomatid parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) and Leishmania spp. (Lspp). In this study, we performed an in silico analysis of the CaN subunits, comparing them with the human (Hs) and looking their structure, post-translational mechanisms, subcellular distribution, interactors, and secretion potential. The differences in the structure of the domains suggest the existence of regulatory mechanisms and differential activity between these protozoa. Regulatory subunits are partially conserved, showing differences in their Ca2+-binding domains and myristoylation potential compared with human CaN. The subcellular distribution reveals that the catalytic subunits TcCaNA1, TcCaNA2, LsppCaNA1, LsppCaNA1_var, and LsppCaNA2 associate preferentially with the plasma membrane compared with the cytoplasmic location of HsCaNAα. For regulatory subunits, HsCaNB-1 and LsppCaNB associate preferentially with the nucleus and cytoplasm, and TcCaNB with chloroplast and cytoplasm. Calpain cleavage sites on CaNA suggest differential processing. CaNA and CaNB of these trypanosomatids have the potential to be secreted and could play a role in remote communication. Therefore, this background can be used to develop new drugs for protozoan pathogens that cause neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio R. Orrego
- Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
- Correspondence: (P.R.O.); (J.E.A.); Tel.: +56-55-2637664 (J.E.A.)
| | - Mayela Serrano-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile;
| | - Mauro Cortez
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Jorge E. Araya
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile;
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CeBIB, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
- Correspondence: (P.R.O.); (J.E.A.); Tel.: +56-55-2637664 (J.E.A.)
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Sciorra MD, Fantino E, Grossi CEM, Ulloa RM. Characterization of two group III potato CDPKs, StCDPK22 and StCDPK24, that contain three EF-Hand motifs in their CLDs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:716-729. [PMID: 33799183 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Four members of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) family StCDPK22/23/24 and StCDPK27, present three functional EF-hands motifs in their calmodulin-like domain (CLD). StCDPK22/23/24 are clustered in clade III-b1 with tomato and Arabidopsis CDPKs that lack the first EF-hand motif, while StCDPK27 is clustered in clade III-b3 with CDPKs that lack EF-hand 2. Members of each clade share similar intron-exon structures and acylation profiles. 3D model predictions suggested that StCDPK22 and StCDPK24 are active kinases that undergo a conformational switch in the presence of Ca2+ even when lacking one functional EF-hand motif; however, assays performed with recombinant proteins indicated that StCDPK24:6xHis was active in all the conditions tested, and its activity was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, but StCDPK22:6xHis had scarce or null activity. Both kinases share with AtCPK8 the same autophosphorylation pattern in the autoinhibitory (AD) and C-terminal variable (CTV) domains, suggesting that it could be a characteristic of clade III-b1. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that StCDPK22 is mainly expressed in early stages of tuberization, but not limited to, while StCDPK24 expression is more ubiquitous. In silico analysis predicted several abiotic stress-responsive elements in its promoters. Accordingly, StCDPK24 expression peaked at 10 h in in vitro plants exposed to salt shock and then declined. Moreover, a significant increase was observed at 2 h in stems of salt-treated greenhouse plants, suggesting that this CDPK could participate in the early events of the signaling cascade triggered in response to salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Daniel Sciorra
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A.), Argentina
| | - Elisa Fantino
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A.), Argentina
| | - Cecilia Eugenia María Grossi
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A.), Argentina
| | - Rita María Ulloa
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales en Plantas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C.A.B.A.), Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, UBA, C.A.B.A, Argentina.
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Specific Features of Intracellular Signal Transduction in the Regulation of Functions of Neural Stem Cells and Committed Neuronal Progenitors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:522-527. [PMID: 33725249 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of NF-κB-, cAMP/PKA-, JAKs/STAT3-, ERK1/2-, p38-, JNK- and p53- mediated signaling pathways in the realization of the growth potential of neural stem cells and committed neuronal progenitors under in vitro conditions. The method of pharmacological blockade with selective inhibitors of individual signaling molecules revealed some principal differences in their role in the determination of the proliferation and differentiation status of progenitor cells of different classes. Analysis of the peculiarities of intracellular signaling in cells and comparison of the role of its individual elements attest to the prospects of developing new drugs with neuroregenerative activity based on STAT3 inhibitors or JNK activators. These modulations of activity of signaling molecules can stimulate the realization of the growth potential of committed neuronal progenitors and neutral stem cells, respectively. The blockade of STAT3 and an increase in the content of phosphorylated forms of JNK had no "negative" effects on the functioning of multipotent neural stem cells and committed neuronal progenitors, respectively.
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Liu L, Han T, Liu W, Han G, Di P, Yu X, Yan J, Zhang A. Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK play a crucial role in brassinosteroid-induced antioxidant defense in maize. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:537-542. [PMID: 32113680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) has been shown to play important roles in brassinosteroid (BR)-induced antioxidant defense and enhancing the tolerance of plants to drought stress. The autophosphorylation of CCaMK is a key step for the activation of CCaMK, thus promoting substrate phosphorylation. However, how CCaMK autophosphorylation function in BR-induced antioxidant defense is not known yet. Here, seven potential autophosphorylation sites of ZmCCaMK were identified using mass spectroscopy (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [LC-MS/MS]) analysis. The transient gene expression analysis in maize protoplasts showed that Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK were important for BR-induced antioxidant defense. Furthermore, Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK were crucial for improving drought tolerance and alleviating drought induced oxidative damage of plants via overexpressing various mutant versions of ZmCCaMK in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Mutations of Thr420 and Ser454 in ZmCCaMK substantially blocked the autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation of ZmCCaMK in vitro. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK are crucial for BR-induced antioxidant defense and drought tolerance through modulating the autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation activities of ZmCCaMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Weijuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Gaoqiang Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Di
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jingwei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Aying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Shrestha A, Sultana R, Lee CC, Ogundele OM. SK Channel Modulates Synaptic Plasticity by Tuning CaMKIIα/β Dynamics. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:18. [PMID: 31736736 PMCID: PMC6834780 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor 1 (NMDAR)-linked Ca++ current represents a significant percentage of post-synaptic transient that modulates synaptic strength and is pertinent to dendritic spine plasticity. In the hippocampus, Ca++ transient produced by glutamatergic ionotropic neurotransmission facilitates Ca++-Calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 (CaMKII) Thr286 phosphorylation and promote long-term potentiation (LTP) expression. At CA1 post-synaptic densities, Ca++ transients equally activate small conductance (SK2) channel which regulates excitability by suppressing Ca++ movement. Here, we demonstrate that upstream attenuation of GluN1 function in the hippocampus led to a decrease in Thr286 CaMKIIα phosphorylation, and increased SK2 expression. Consistent with the loss of GluN1 function, potentiation of SK channel in wild type hippocampus reduced CaMKIIα expression and abrogate synaptic localization of T286 pCaMKIIα. Our results demonstrate that positive modulation of SK channel at hippocampal synapses likely refine GluN1-linked plasticity by tuning dendritic localization of CaMKIIα.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olalekan M. Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Wang Y, Wei F, Zhou H, Liu N, Niu X, Yan C, Zhang L, Han S, Hou C, Wang D. TaCAMTA4, a Calmodulin-Interacting Protein, Involved in Defense Response of Wheat to Puccinia triticina. Sci Rep 2019; 9:641. [PMID: 30679453 PMCID: PMC6345913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is one of the main diseases affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum) production worldwide. Calmodulin (CaM) was found involved in the early stage of signal transduction pathway in response to P. triticina in wheat. To study the function and molecular mechanism of calmodulin (CaM) in signal transduction of wheat against P. triticina, we cloned a putative calmodulin-binding transcription activator (TaCAMTA4), and characterized its molecular structure and functions by using the CaM-encoding gene (TaCaM4-1) as a bait to screen the cDNA library from P. triticina infected wheat leaves. The open reading frame of TaCAMTA4 was 2505 bp encoding a protein of 834 aa, which contained all the four conserved domains of family (CG-1 domain, TIG domain, ANK repeats and CaM-binding domain). TaCaM4-1 bound to TaCAMTA4 by the C-terminal CaM-binding domain in Ca2+-dependent manner in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis indicated that the interaction of TaCAMTA4 and TaCaM4-1 took place in the cytoplasm and nucleus of epidermal leaf cells in N. benthamiana. The expression level of TaCAMTA4 genes was down-regulated in incompatible combination after P. triticina infection. Furthermore, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)-based knockdown of TaCAMTA4 and disease assays verified that silencing of TaCAMTA4 resulted in enhanced resistance to P. triticina race 165. These results suggested that TaCAMTA4 function as negative regulator of defense response against P. triticina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Fengju Wei
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiaonan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Shengfang Han
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Jauregui E, Du L, Gleason C, Poovaiah BW. W342F Mutation in CCaMK Enhances Its Affinity to Calmodulin But Compromises Its Role in Supporting Root Nodule Symbiosis in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1921. [PMID: 29201032 PMCID: PMC5696362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is regulated by free Ca2+ and Ca2+-loaded calmodulin. This dual binding is believed to be involved in its regulation and associated physiological functions, although direct experimental evidence for this is lacking. Here we document that site-directed mutations in the calmodulin-binding domain of CCaMK alters its binding capacity to calmodulin, providing an effective approach to study how calmodulin regulates CCaMK in terms of kinase activity and regulation of rhizobial symbiosis in Medicago truncatula. We observed that mutating the tryptophan at position 342 to phenylalanine (W342F) markedly increased the calmodulin-binding capability of the mutant. The mutant CCaMK underwent autophosphorylation and catalyzed substrate phosphorylation in the absence of calcium and calmodulin. When the mutant W342F was expressed in ccamk-1 roots, the transgenic roots exhibited an altered nodulation phenotype. These results indicate that altering the calmodulin-binding domain of CCaMK could generate a constitutively activated kinase with a negative role in the physiological function of CCaMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgard Jauregui
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Science, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Liqun Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Science, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cynthia Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - B. W. Poovaiah
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Science, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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