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Buyuktaskin D, Guney E, Gulbahar O, Ozaslan A, Arslan B. Serum ciliary neurotrophic factor levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:313-317. [PMID: 35815398 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/aim of the study: The study aimed to highlight the possible role of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and determine whether CNTF can be used as a biomarker for ADHD.Materials and methods: Patients with a diagnosis of ADHD and neurotypical subjects aged 6-12 years were recruited prospectively. The study applied Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS) to determine the patients' ADHD predominance and severity. Serum CNTF levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.Results: A total of 43 ADHD patients and 33 healthy controls were included in the study. A significant difference was found between the serum CNTF levels of the ADHD patients (22.17 pg/ml) and the controls (22.80 pg/ml). Correlations between the CNTF levels and CTRS scores were not significant.Conclusions: The study identified an alteration of serum CNTF levels in ADHD patients and thus asserted a link between CNTF and ADHD pathophysiology; children with ADHD had significantly lower serum CNTF levels compared to the neurotypical controls. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of CNTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicle Buyuktaskin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cizre State Hospital, Sirnak, Turkey
| | - Esra Guney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gulbahar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozaslan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Arslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Erciş Şehit Rıdvan Çevik State Hospital, Van, Turkey
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Carpita B, Massoni L, Battaglini S, Palego L, Cremone IM, Massimetti G, Betti L, Giannaccini G, Dell'Osso L. IL-6, homocysteine, and autism spectrum phenotypes: an investigation among adults with autism spectrum disorder and their first-degree relatives. CNS Spectr 2023; 28:620-628. [PMID: 36690583 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852923000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of recognizing different kinds of autism spectrum presentations among adults, including subthreshold forms and the broad autism phenotype (BAP), has been increasingly highlighted in recent studies. Meanwhile, the possible involvement of immune system deregulation and altered methylation/trans-sulfuration processes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is gaining growing attention, but studies in this field are mainly focused on children. In this framework, the aim of this study was to compare plasmatic concentrations of IL-6 and homocysteine (HCY) among adults with ASD, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls (CTLs), investigating also possible correlations with specific autism symptoms. METHODS Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and HCY were measured in a group of adult subjects with ASD, their first-degree relatives (BAP group), and healthy controls (CTL). All participants were also evaluated with psychometric instruments. RESULTS IL-6 and HCY concentrations were significantly higher in the ASD group than in CTLs, while BAP subjects reported intermediate results. Significant correlations were reported between biochemical parameters and psychometric scales, particularly for the dimension of ruminative thinking. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis of a key involvement of HCY-related metabolism and immune system alteration in autism spectrum pathophysiology. HCY and IL-6 seem to show different associations with specific autism dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Carpita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Massoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Battaglini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ivan M Cremone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Massimetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Betti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Kazakov AS, Deryusheva EI, Rastrygina VA, Sokolov AS, Permyakova ME, Litus EA, Uversky VN, Permyakov EA, Permyakov SE. Interaction of S100A6 Protein with the Four-Helical Cytokines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1345. [PMID: 37759746 PMCID: PMC10526228 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
S100 is a family of over 20 structurally homologous, but functionally diverse regulatory (calcium/zinc)-binding proteins of vertebrates. The involvement of S100 proteins in numerous vital (patho)physiological processes is mediated by their interaction with various (intra/extra)cellular protein partners, including cell surface receptors. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed the ability of specific S100 proteins to modulate cell signaling via direct interaction with cytokines. Previously, we revealed the binding of ca. 71% of the four-helical cytokines via the S100P protein, due to the presence in its molecule of a cytokine-binding site overlapping with the binding site for the S100P receptor. Here, we show that another S100 protein, S100A6 (that has a pairwise sequence identity with S100P of 35%), specifically binds numerous four-helical cytokines. We have studied the affinity of the recombinant forms of 35 human four-helical cytokines from all structural families of this fold to Ca2+-loaded recombinant human S100A6, using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. S100A6 recognizes 26 of the cytokines from all families of this fold, with equilibrium dissociation constants from 0.3 nM to 12 µM. Overall, S100A6 interacts with ca. 73% of the four-helical cytokines studied to date, with a selectivity equivalent to that for the S100P protein, with the differences limited to the binding of interleukin-2 and oncostatin M. The molecular docking study evidences the presence in the S100A6 molecule of a cytokine-binding site, analogous to that found in S100P. The findings argue the presence in some of the promiscuous members of the S100 family of a site specific to a wide range of four-helical cytokines. This unique feature of the S100 proteins potentially allows them to modulate the activity of the numerous four-helical cytokines in the disorders accompanied by an excessive release of the cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Kazakov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Victoria A. Rastrygina
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Andrey S. Sokolov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Maria E. Permyakova
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Litus
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
- Department of Molecular, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eugene A. Permyakov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Sergei E. Permyakov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
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Uzbekov MG. Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Mental Disorders: Endogenous Intoxication. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:491-501. [PMID: 37080935 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The review describes the syndrome of endogenous intoxication in patients with mental disorders. Oxidative stress, middle-mass endotoxic molecules, impaired functional properties of serum albumin and albumin thiol groups, neurotrophic factors, and enzymes, including monoamine oxidase and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase contribute to the development of endogenous intoxication. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the endogenous intoxication development in mental disorders and approaches to its treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat G Uzbekov
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Serbsky National Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 107258, Russia.
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Uzbekov MG, Shikhov SN, Kryukov VV, Krasnov VN. [Steadfastly increased level of the ciliary neurotrophic factor in the blood serum within the positive therapeutic dynamics of depression as possible prognostic marker of depressive relapse]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:120-123. [PMID: 37655420 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study a role of the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in the pathogenesis of depression and its prognostic significance in dynamics of the antidepressant therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS CNTF level was investigated in the blood serum of patients with melancholic depression (n=32) before the start of therapy and after 30 days, when improvement was achieved by at least 75% of baseline scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS Steadfastly increased level of CNTF in the blood serum of patients with melancholic depression compared with the control, remaining practically unchanged with an obvious improvement in the condition - 732.2±126.5 and 679.1±63.1 pg/ml of serum, respectively (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The initially elevated level of CNTP indicates its probable significance in the pathogenesis of depression; persistently high serum CNTP level, despite clinical improvement during therapy, can serve as a predictor of the stability of the biological mechanisms of recurrent depressive disorder with a continuing risk of another relapse of a depressive episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Uzbekov
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology - Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - S N Shikhov
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology - Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Kryukov
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology - Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V N Krasnov
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology - Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
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Ciliary neurotrophic factor is increased in the plasma of patients with obesity and its levels correlate with diabetes and inflammation indices. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8331. [PMID: 35585213 PMCID: PMC9117681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish whether obesity involves activation of endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) signalling, we evaluated its plasma levels in patients with obesity and correlated its values with the major clinical and haematological indices of obesity, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. This study involved 118 subjects: 39 healthy controls (19 men), 39 subjects with obesity (19 men) and 40 subjects with obesity and diabetes (20 men). Plasma CNTF and CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα) were measured using commercial ELISA kits. The results showed that plasma CNTF was significantly higher in males and females with obesity with and without diabetes than in healthy subjects. Women consistently exhibited higher levels of circulating CNTF. In both genders, CNTF levels correlated significantly and positively with obesity (BMI, WHR, leptin), diabetes (fasting insulin, HOMA index and HbA1c) and inflammation (IL-6 and hsCRP) indices. Circulating CNTFRα and the CNTF/CNTFRα molar ratio tended to be higher in the patient groups than in controls. In conclusion, endogenous CNTF signalling is activated in human obesity and may help counteract some adverse effects of obesity. Studies involving a higher number of selected patients may reveal circulating CNTF and/or CNTFRα as potential novel diagnostic and/or prognostic markers of obesity, diabetes and associated diseases.
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Kutelev G, Malyshkin S, Krivoruchko A, Ivanov A, Cherkashin D, Trandina A, Morozova N, Derevyankin D. Characterization of genetic polymorphisms associated with neurophysiological processes and analysis of their allele frequency distribution in the Russian population. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:122-127. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2022122061122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Kazakov AS, Sokolov AS, Permyakova ME, Litus EA, Uversky VN, Permyakov EA, Permyakov SE. Specific cytokines of interleukin-6 family interact with S100 proteins. Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102520. [PMID: 34933172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines of interleukin-6 (IL-6) family are important signaling proteins involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Earlier, we described interactions between IL-11 and S100P/B proteins from the family of S100 proteins engaged in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. We probed here interactions between seven IL-6 family cytokines (IL-6, IL-11, OSM, LIF, CNTF, CT-1, and CLCF1) and fourteen S100 proteins (S100A1/A4/A6/A7/A8/A9/A10/A11/A12/A13/A14/A15/B/P). Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy revealed formation of calcium-dependent complexes between IL-11, OSM, CNTF, CT-1, and CLCF1 and distinct subsets of S100A1/A6/B/P proteins with equilibrium dissociation constants of 19 nM - 12 µM. The existence of a network of interactions between Ca2+-loaded S100 proteins and IL-6 family cytokines suggest regulation of these cytokines by the extracellular forms of S100 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Kazakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290 Russia
| | - Andrey S Sokolov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290 Russia
| | - Maria E Permyakova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290 Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Litus
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290 Russia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL MDC07, USA.
| | - Eugene A Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290 Russia
| | - Sergei E Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290 Russia.
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Aguglia E, Fusar-Poli L. Still a Long Way to Go. Editorial for the Special Issue "Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder". Brain Sci 2021; 11:1062. [PMID: 34439681 PMCID: PMC8392122 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many years have passed since the first descriptions of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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A Pilot Study on Covid and Autism: Prevalence, Clinical Presentation and Vaccine Side Effects. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070860. [PMID: 34203463 PMCID: PMC8301977 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several neurobiological mechanisms have been proposed to support the hypothesis of a higher COVID-19 risk in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, no real-world data are available on this population. Methods: We compared the period prevalence (March–May 2020) and symptom presentation of COVID-19 infections between a sample of individuals with severe ASD (n = 36) and the staff personnel (n = 35) of two specialized centers. Anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibody positivity was used as a proxy of infection. Additionally, we evaluated vaccine side effects in the same groups. Results: No significant difference was found between the prevalence of COVID-19 positivity between autistic participants and staff personnel. Levels of antibodies against the spike protein and the receptor binding domain were not significantly different between autistic and staff participants. The level of antibodies against the N-terminal domain were higher in autistic individuals. There was a significant difference between the prevalence of symptomatic COVID-19 in autistic participants (9.1%) compared to staff personnel (92.3%). The most frequent side effect among autistic participants was light fever. Conclusions: The present study provides preliminary data on COVID-19 transmission and presentation in ASD. Our data do not support the hypothesis of a higher susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in people with ASD.
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Venema W, Severi I, Perugini J, Di Mercurio E, Mainardi M, Maffei M, Cinti S, Giordano A. Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Acts on Distinctive Hypothalamic Arcuate Neurons and Promotes Leptin Entry Into and Action on the Mouse Hypothalamus. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:140. [PMID: 32528252 PMCID: PMC7253709 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and experimental animals, the administration of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) reduces food intake and body weight. To gain further insights into the mechanism(s) underlying its satiety effect, we: (i) evaluated the CNTF-dependent activation of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in mouse models where neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons can be identified by green fluorescent protein (GFP); and (ii) assessed whether CNTF promotes leptin signaling in hypothalamic feeding centers. Immunohistochemical experiments enabled us to establish that intraperitoneal injection of mouse recombinant CNTF activated the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in a substantial proportion of arcuate nucleus (ARC) NPY neurons (18.68% ± 0.60 in 24-h fasted mice and 25.50% ± 1.17 in fed mice) but exerted a limited effect on POMC neurons (4.15% ± 0.33 in 24-h fasted mice and 2.84% ± 0.45 in fed mice). CNTF-responsive NPY neurons resided in the ventromedial ARC, facing the median eminence (ME), and were surrounded by albumin immunoreactivity, suggesting that they are located outside the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In both normally fed and high-fat diet (HFD) obese animals, CNTF activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in ME β1- and β2-tanycytes, an effect that has been linked to the promotion of leptin entry into the brain. Accordingly, compared to the animals treated with leptin, mice treated with leptin/CNTF showed: (i) a significantly greater leptin content in hypothalamic protein extracts; (ii) a significant increase in phospho-STAT3 (P-STAT3)-positive neurons in the ARC and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of normally fed mice; and (iii) a significantly increased number of P-STAT3-positive neurons in the ARC and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus of HFD obese mice. Collectively, these data suggest that exogenously administered CNTF reduces food intake by exerting a leptin-like action on distinctive NPY ARC neurons and by promoting leptin signaling in hypothalamic feeding centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebe Venema
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Mercurio
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Mainardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Cinti
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center of Obesity, Università Politecnica delle Marche-United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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