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Deng L, Wang Z, Qu B, Liu Y, Qiu W, Qi S. A Comparative Study on the Properties of Rosin-Based Epoxy Resins with Different Flexible Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4246. [PMID: 37959926 PMCID: PMC10647691 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the effects of flexible chain lengths on rosin-based epoxy resin's properties. Two rosin-based epoxy monomers with varying chain lengths were synthesized: AR-EGDE (derived from ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether-modified acrylic acid rosin) and ARE (derived from acrylic acid rosin and epichlorohydrin). Diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) with different flexible chain lengths were used as curing agents. The adhesion, impact, pencil hardness, flexibility, water and heat resistance, and weatherability of the epoxy resins were systematically examined. It was found that when the flexible chains of rosin-based epoxy monomers were grown from ARE to AR-EGDE, due to the increased space of rosin-based fused rings, the toughness, adhesion, and water resistance of the rosin-based epoxy resins were enhanced, while the pencil hardness and heat resistance decreased. However, when the flexible chains of curing agents were lengthened, the resin's performance did not change significantly because the space between the fused rings changed little. This indicates that the properties of the rosin-based resins can only be altered when the introduced flexible chain increases the space between the fused rings. The study also compared rosin-based resins to E20, a commercial petroleum-based epoxy of the bisphenol A type. The rosin-based resins demonstrated superior adhesion, water resistance, and weatherability compared to the E20 resins, indicating the remarkable durability of the rosin-based resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianli Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (L.D.)
| | - Zehua Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bailu Qu
- Changsha Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre of Hunan Province, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Shaohe Qi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (L.D.)
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Thermal decomposition behavior and flame retardancy of bioepoxies, their blends and composites: A comprehensive review. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bastidas DM, Martin U, Bastidas JM, Ress J. Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Steel Reinforcements in Mortar Using Soluble Phosphates: A Critical Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6168. [PMID: 34683759 PMCID: PMC8540599 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion inhibition mechanism of soluble phosphates on steel reinforcement embedded in mortar fabricated with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) are reviewed. This review focuses soluble phosphate compounds, sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) (MFP), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) (DHP) and trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) (TSP), embedded in mortar. Phosphate corrosion inhibitors have been deployed in two different ways, as migrating corrosion inhibitors (MCI), or as admixed corrosion inhibitors (ACI). The chemical stability of phosphate corrosion inhibitors depends on the pH of the solution, H2PO4- ions being stable in the pH range of 3-6, the HPO42- in the pH range of 8-12, while the PO43- ions are stable above pH 12. The formation of iron phosphate compounds is a thermodynamically favored spontaneous reaction. Phosphate ions promote ferrous phosphate precipitation due to the higher solubility of ferric phosphate, thus producing a protective barrier layer that hinders corrosion. Therefore, the MFP as well as the DHP and TSP compounds are considered anodic corrosion inhibitors. Both types of application (MCI and ACI) of phosphate corrosion inhibitors found MFP to present the higher inhibition efficiency in the following order MFP > DHP > TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Bastidas
- National Center for Education and Research on Corrosion and Materials Performance—NCERCAMP-UA, Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 302 E Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA; (U.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Ulises Martin
- National Center for Education and Research on Corrosion and Materials Performance—NCERCAMP-UA, Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 302 E Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA; (U.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Jose M. Bastidas
- National Center for Metallurgical Research—CENIM, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—CSIC, Ave. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jacob Ress
- National Center for Education and Research on Corrosion and Materials Performance—NCERCAMP-UA, Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 302 E Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA; (U.M.); (J.R.)
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Composition and Properties of Protective Coatings Made of Biologically-Derived Polyester Reactive Binder. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111700. [PMID: 34067496 PMCID: PMC8196985 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically derived polymers are a very attractive subject for investigation, due to the strict pro-ecological requirements imposed by developed countries, including zero-waste and zero-carbon policies as well as volatile organic compound (VOC) limits. Synthesis of biologically-derived polyesters from natural rosin and bio-diols, showing softening temperatures suitable for application in VOC-free paints and varnishes, was performed to create a desired, future commercial product, that meet the aforementioned requirements regarding VOC and elimination of petroleum-based raw materials. Prepared polymers were used in the formulation of coating materials whose properties: cross-linking behavior, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, storage modulus, hardness, cupping resistance, adhesion, chemical resistance, gloss, haze, color, and anti-corrosive behavior in the salt chamber were investigated and discussed. As a result, coatings with prepared bio-polyesters contained over 80 wt.% of natural resources and showed competitive/better properties than petroleum-based references. They can be applied in the prototyping of “green” powder paints for the protection of steel substrates from corrosion and aggressive solvents.
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Zhang H, Li W, Xu J, Shang S, Song Z. Synthesis and characterization of bio-based epoxy thermosets using rosin-based epoxy monomer. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu J, Wang S, Peng Y, Zhu J, Zhao W, Liu X. Advances in sustainable thermosetting resins: From renewable feedstock to high performance and recyclability. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ress J, Martin U, Bosch J, Bastidas DM. pH-Triggered Release of NaNO 2 Corrosion Inhibitors from Novel Colophony Microcapsules in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46686-46700. [PMID: 32931239 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, pH-sensitive microcapsules containing NaNO2 corrosion inhibitors for protection of steel reinforced concrete were synthesized via water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion using colophony as the wall material. The average microcapsule size was 79.07 μm in diameter and exhibited a high encapsulation efficiency of 83.2%. Study of the release of corrosion inhibitors from microcapsules in deionized water (DI water, pH 6.8), carbonate/bicarbonate buffer solution (CBS, pH 9.1), and simulated concrete pore solution (SCPS, pH 12.6) demonstrates that the microcapsules are sensitive to pH and display higher release in alkaline media. This is the first study of colophony as an encapsulating agent for corrosion inhibitors. Furthermore, the alkaline pH-triggered release shows the suitability of its use in reinforced concrete systems. A wide thermal stability range was also found for the colophony microcapsules up to 100 °C. These high pH environments (CBS and SCPS) present pH values above the pKa of colophony (7.2), thus triggering enhanced inhibitor release by the ionization and deprotonation of colophony shell. The higher release in CBS and SCPS is demonstrated by the increases of the corrosion inhibitor diffusion coefficient by an order of magnitude from 3.30 × 10-17 m2/s in DI water up to 1.66 × 10-16 m2/s for SCPS. The release performance indicates that the proposed approach can be used to encapsulate a variety of inhibitors for the protection of steel reinforcements. After immersion in different pH solutions, the corrosion potentials of a carbon steel substrate with microcapsules containing nitrite were more noble than when immersed without microcapsules and the corrosion current densities showed comparable values to free corrosion inhibitors. The formation of a passive ferric oxide layer was confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ress
- National Center for Education and Research on Corrosion and Materials Performance, NCERCAMP-UA, Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 302 E Buchtel Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Ulises Martin
- National Center for Education and Research on Corrosion and Materials Performance, NCERCAMP-UA, Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 302 E Buchtel Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - Juan Bosch
- National Center for Education and Research on Corrosion and Materials Performance, NCERCAMP-UA, Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 302 E Buchtel Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
| | - David M Bastidas
- National Center for Education and Research on Corrosion and Materials Performance, NCERCAMP-UA, Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, 302 E Buchtel Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, United States
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Freites Aguilera A, Rahkila J, Hemming J, Nurmi M, Torres G, Razat T, Tolvanen P, Eränen K, Leveneur S, Salmi T. Epoxidation of Tall Oil Catalyzed by an Ion Exchange Resin under Conventional Heating and Microwave Irradiation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Freites Aguilera
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry & Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Rahkila
- Instrument Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland
| | - Jarl Hemming
- Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland
| | - Maristiina Nurmi
- Laboratory of Paper Coating and Converting, Department of Chemical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland
| | - Gaetan Torres
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry & Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland
- Laboratoire de Sécurité des Procédés Chimiques, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rouen, FR-76800 Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Théophile Razat
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry & Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland
- Laboratoire de Sécurité des Procédés Chimiques, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rouen, FR-76800 Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Pasi Tolvanen
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry & Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Eränen
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry & Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland
| | - Sébastien Leveneur
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry & Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland
- Laboratoire de Sécurité des Procédés Chimiques, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rouen, FR-76800 Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Tapio Salmi
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry & Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland
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Kugler S, Ossowicz P, Malarczyk-Matusiak K, Wierzbicka E. Advances in Rosin-Based Chemicals: The Latest Recipes, Applications and Future Trends. Molecules 2019; 24:E1651. [PMID: 31035500 PMCID: PMC6539233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the publications about rosin-based chemicals has been compiled. Rosin, or colophony, is a natural, abundant, cheap and non-toxic raw material which can be easily modified to obtain numerous useful products, which makes it an excellent subject of innovative research, attracting growing interest in recent years. The last extensive review in this research area was published in 2008, so the current article contains the most promising, repeatable achievements in synthesis of rosin-derived chemicals, published in scientific literature from 2008 to 2018. The first part of the review includes low/medium molecule weight compounds: Especially intermediates, resins, monomers, curing agents, surfactants, medications and biocides. The second part is about macromolecules: mainly elastomers, polymers for biomedical applications, coatings, adhesives, surfactants, sorbents, organosilicons and polysaccharides. In conclusion, a critical evaluation of the publications in terms of data completeness has been carried out with an indication of the most promising directions of rosin-based chemicals development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kugler
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pulaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Paula Ossowicz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pulaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Kornelia Malarczyk-Matusiak
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pulaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Wierzbicka
- Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
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Yu CL, Bian F, Zhang SF, Xu X, Ren P, Wang FC, Zhang FA. Preparation of the monodispersed carboxyl-functionalized polymer microspheres with disproportionated rosin moiety and adsorption of methylene blue. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0263617418766774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxyl-functionalized polymer microspheres with a rosin moiety were prepared through dispersion polymerization using styrene, disproportionated rosin ester, and methylacrylic acid as raw materials. The effects of dispersion medium (ethanol/water) ratio, monomer mass proportion and initiator concentration on the polymer microspheres were studied. Scanning electron microscopy, laser particle size analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the microspheres, and their carboxyl contents were determined by the conductance titration method. The adsorption of methylene blue of the microspheres was also investigated. The results showed that rosin-based carboxyl-functionalized polymer microspheres were successfully synthesized. The microspheres exhibited smooth, spherical shapes with good monodispersity and high thermal stability. The carboxyl content of the microspheres prepared under optimum conditions was 0.089 mmol·g−1, with the average particle size approximately 950 nm. With increasing carboxyl contents of the polymer microspheres, their methylene blue adsorption capacities increased. The maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity of the microspheres was 59.55 mg·g−1 in the highest carboxyl content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Li Yu
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Feng Bian
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Shu-Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Peng Ren
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Feng-Chang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Fa-Ai Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
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Yue L, Maiorana A, Khelifa F, Patel A, Raquez JM, Bonnaud L, Gross R, Dubois P, Manas-Zloczower I. Surface-modified cellulose nanocrystals for biobased epoxy nanocomposites. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guzmán D, Ramis X, Fernández-Francos X, De la Flor S, Serra A. New bio-based materials obtained by thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy dual curing click procedures from eugenol derivates. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li T, Liu X, Jiang Y, Ma S, Zhu J. Bio-based shape memory epoxy resin synthesized from rosin acid. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-016-0482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kristufek SL, Yang G, Link LA, Rohde BJ, Robertson ML, Wooley KL. Synthesis, Characterization, and Cross-Linking Strategy of a Quercetin-Based Epoxidized Monomer as a Naturally-Derived Replacement for BPA in Epoxy Resins. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2135-2142. [PMID: 27415143 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The natural polyphenolic compound quercetin was functionalized and cross-linked to afford a robust epoxy network. Quercetin was selectively methylated and functionalized with glycidyl ether moieties using a microwave-assisted reaction on a gram scale to afford the desired monomer (Q). This quercetin-derived monomer was treated with nadic methyl anhydride (NMA) to obtain a cross-linked network (Q-NMA). The thermal and mechanical properties of this naturally derived network were compared to those of a conventional diglycidyl ether bisphenol A-derived counterpart (DGEBA-NMA). Q-NMA had similar thermal properties [i.e., glass transition (Tg ) and decomposition (Td ) temperatures] and comparable mechanical properties (i.e., Young's Modulus, storage modulus) to that of DGEBA-NMA. However, it had a lower tensile strength and higher flexural modulus at elevated temperatures. The application of naturally derived, sustainable compounds for the replacement of commercially available petrochemical-based epoxies is of great interest to reduce the environmental impact of these materials. Q-NMA is an attractive candidate for the replacement of bisphenol A-based epoxies in various specialty engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Departments of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, United States
| | - Guozhen Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-4004, United States
| | - Lauren A Link
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Departments of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, United States
| | - Brian J Rohde
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-4004, United States
| | - Megan L Robertson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-4004, United States
| | - Karen L Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Departments of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, United States.
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de Castro DO, Bras J, Gandini A, Belgacem N. Surface grafting of cellulose nanocrystals with natural antimicrobial rosin mixture using a green process. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqi Ma
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 PR China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute; University of Science and Technology of China; Suzhou 215123 PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 PR China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 PR China
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Llevot A, Grau E, Carlotti S, Grelier S, Cramail H. Dimerization of abietic acid for the design of renewable polymers by ADMET. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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