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Chen Y, Liu W, Leng X, Stoll S. Toxicity of selenium nanoparticles on Poterioochromonas malhamensis algae in Waris-H culture medium and Lake Geneva water: Effect of nanoparticle coating, dissolution, and aggregation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152010. [PMID: 34856254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the algal toxicity of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in aquatic systems by considering SeNPs physicochemical properties and environmental media characteristics is a concern of high importance for the evaluation and prediction of risk assessment. In this study, chitosan (CS) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coated SeNPs are considered using Lake Geneva water and a Waris-H cell culture medium to investigate the effect of SeNPs on the toxicity of algae Poterioochromonas malhamensis, a widespread mixotrophic flagellate. The influence of surface coating, z-average diameters, ζ-potentials, aggregation behavior, ions release, and medium properties on the toxicity of SeNPs to algae P. malhamensi was investigated. It is found that SeNPs are 5-10 times more toxic in Lake Geneva water compared to the culture medium, suggesting that the traditional algal tests in Waris-H culture medium currently underestimate the toxicity of NPs in a natural water environment. Despite significant dissolution, it is also found that SeNPs themselves are the toxicity driver, and dissolved ions have only a marginal influence on toxicity. SeNPs diameter is found a minor factor in toxicity. Based on a principal component analysis (PCA) it is found that in Lake Geneva water, the nature of the surface coating (CMC versus CS) is the most influential factor controlling the toxicity of SeNPs. In the culture medium, surface coating, ζ-potential, and aggregation are found to contribute at the same level. These results highlight the importance of considering in details both NPs intrinsic and media properties in the evaluation of NPs biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Xiaojing Leng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Serge Stoll
- Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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2
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Zhang K, Wang W, Zhao K, Ma Y, Wang Y, Li Y. Recent development in foodborne nanocellulose: Preparation, properties, and applications in food industry. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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3
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Kohl Y, Hesler M, Drexel R, Kovar L, Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, Selzer D, Wagner S, Lehr T, von Briesen H, Meier F. Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics and Stability of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles on Biological Effects and Translocation across an Intestinal Barrier-A Case Study from In Vitro to In Silico. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061358. [PMID: 34063963 PMCID: PMC8224057 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of their interaction with cell-based tissue is a fundamental prerequisite towards the safe production and application of engineered nanomaterials. Quantitative experimental data on the correlation between physicochemical characteristics and the interaction and transport of engineered nanomaterials across biological barriers, in particular, is still scarce, thus hampering the development of effective predictive non-testing strategies. Against this background, the presented study investigated the translocation of gold and silver nanoparticles across the gastrointestinal barrier along with related biological effects using an in vitro 3D-triple co-culture cell model. Standardized in vitro assays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed no significant influence of the applied nanoparticles on both cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species. Transmission electron microscopy indicated an intact cell barrier during the translocation study. Single particle ICP-MS revealed a time-dependent increase of translocated nanoparticles independent of their size, shape, surface charge, and stability in cell culture medium. This quantitative data provided the experimental basis for the successful mathematical description of the nanoparticle transport kinetics using a non-linear mixed effects modeling approach. The results of this study may serve as a basis for the development of predictive tools for improved risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany; (M.H.); (S.W.); (H.v.B.)
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (F.M.); Tel.: +49-6897-9071-256 (Y.K.); +49-8191-985-6880 (F.M.)
| | - Michelle Hesler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany; (M.H.); (S.W.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Roland Drexel
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, 86899 Landsberg am Lech, Germany;
| | - Lukas Kovar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (L.K.); (D.S.); (T.L.)
| | | | - Dominik Selzer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (L.K.); (D.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Sylvia Wagner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany; (M.H.); (S.W.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Thorsten Lehr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (L.K.); (D.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany; (M.H.); (S.W.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Florian Meier
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, 86899 Landsberg am Lech, Germany;
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (F.M.); Tel.: +49-6897-9071-256 (Y.K.); +49-8191-985-6880 (F.M.)
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Maciel VB, Yoshida CM, Boesch C, Goycoolea FM, Carvalho RA. Iron-rich chitosan-pectin colloidal microparticles laden with ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) extract. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Thiolated hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as mucoadhesive excipient for oral delivery of budesonide in liquid paediatric formulation. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Moreno JAS, Panou DA, Stephansen K, Chronakis IS, Boisen A, Mendes AC, Nielsen LH. Preparation and Characterization of an Oral Vaccine Formulation Using Electrosprayed Chitosan Microparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3770-3777. [PMID: 30280354 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan particles loaded with the antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and the adjuvant Quil-A were produced by electrospray, using mixtures of water/ethanol/acetic acid as a solvent. Three different chitosans designed as HMC+70, HMC+85, and HMC+90 (called as 705010, 855010, and 905010) were tested and its efficacy to be used in oral vaccine delivery applications was investigated. The morphology, size, and zeta potential of the produced particles were investigated, together with the encapsulation efficiency and release of OVA from the three chitosan formulations. Moreover, the mucoadhesion and cytotoxicity of the chitosan microparticles was examined. All the three formulations with OVA and Quil-A were in the micrometer size range and had a positive zeta potential between 46 and 75 mV. Furthermore, all the three formulations displayed encapsulation efficiencies above 80% and the release of OVA over a period of 80 h was observed to be between 38 and 47%. None of the developed formulations exhibited high mucoadhesive properties, either cytotoxicity. The formulation prepared with HMC+70, OVA, and Quil-A had the highest stability within 2 h in buffer solution, as measured by dynamic light scattering. The electrosprayed formulation consisting of HMC+70 with OVA and Quil-A showed to be the most promising as an oral vaccine system.
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Noi I, Schlachet I, Kumarasamy M, Sosnik A. Permeability of Novel Chitosan-g-Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Amphiphilic Nanoparticles in a Model of Small Intestine In Vitro. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E478. [PMID: 30966512 PMCID: PMC6415358 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering of drug nanocarriers combining fine-tuned mucoadhesive/mucopenetrating properties is currently being investigated to ensure more efficient mucosal drug delivery. Aiming to improve the transmucosal delivery of hydrophobic drugs, we designed a novel nanogel produced by the self-assembly of amphiphilic chitosan graft copolymers ionotropically crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate. In this work, we synthesized, for the first time, chitosan-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles thiolated by the conjugation of N-acetyl cysteine. First, we confirmed that both non-crosslinked and crosslinked nanoparticles in the 0.05⁻0.1% w/v concentration range display very good cell compatibility in two cell lines that are relevant to oral delivery, Caco-2 cells that mimic the intestinal epithelium and HT29-MTX cells that are a model of mucin-producing goblet cells. Then, we evaluated the effect of crosslinking, nanoparticle concentration, and thiolation on the permeability in vitro utilizing monolayers of (i) Caco-2 and (ii) Caco-2:HT29-MTX cells (9:1 cell number ratio). Results confirmed that the ability of the nanoparticles to cross Caco-2 monolayer was affected by the crosslinking. In addition, thiolated nanoparticles interact more strongly with mucin, resulting in a decrease of the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) compared to the pristine nanoparticles. Moreover, for all the nanoparticles, higher concentration resulted in lower Papp, suggesting that the transport pathways can undergo saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrit Noi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel.
| | - Inbar Schlachet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel.
| | - Murali Kumarasamy
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel.
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel.
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9
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Maciel VBV, Yoshida CMP, Pereira SMSS, Goycoolea FM, Franco TT. Electrostatic Self-Assembled Chitosan-Pectin Nano- and Microparticles for Insulin Delivery. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101707. [PMID: 29023400 PMCID: PMC6151702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyelectrolyte complex system of chitosan-pectin nano- and microparticles was developed to encapsulate the hormone insulin. The aim of this work was to obtain small particles for oral insulin delivery without chemical crosslinkers based on natural and biodegradable polysaccharides. The nano- and microparticles were developed using chitosans (with different degrees of acetylation: 15.0% and 28.8%) and pectin solutions at various charge ratios (n⁺/n- given by the chitosan/pectin mass ratio) and total charge. Nano- and microparticles were characterized regarding particle size, zeta potential, production yield, encapsulation efficiency, stability in different media, transmission electron microscopy and cytotoxicity assays using Caco-2 cells. The insulin release was evaluated in vitro in simulated gastric and intestinal media. Small-sized particles (~240-~1900 nm) with a maximum production yield of ~34.0% were obtained. The highest encapsulation efficiency (~62.0%) of the system was observed at a charge ratio (n⁺/n-) 5.00. The system was stable in various media, particularly in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed spherical shape particles when insulin was added to the system. In simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8), controlled insulin release occurred over 2 h. In vitro tests indicated that the proposed system presents potential as a drug delivery for oral administration of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius B V Maciel
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP-University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP-State University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas CEP 13083-852, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristiana M P Yoshida
- Department of Exact and Earth Science, UNIFESP-Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema CEP 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Susana M S S Pereira
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Francisco M Goycoolea
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Telma T Franco
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP-State University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas CEP 13083-852, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Karavolos M, Holban A. Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems in Gastrointestinal Targeting: Interactions with Microbiota. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E62. [PMID: 27690060 PMCID: PMC5198037 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The new age of nanotechnology has signaled a stream of entrepreneurial possibilities in various areas, form industry to medicine. Drug delivery has benefited the most by introducing nanostructured systems in the transport and controlled release of therapeutic molecules at targeted sites associated with a particular disease. As many nanosized particles reach the gastrointestinal tract by various means, their interactions with the molecular components of this highly active niche are intensively investigated. The well-characterized antimicrobial activities of numerous nanoparticles are currently being considered as a reliable and efficient alternative to the eminent world crisis in antimicrobial drug discovery. The interactions of nanosystems present in the gastrointestinal route with host microbiota is unavoidable; hence, a major research initiative is needed to explore the mechanisms and effects of these nanomaterials on microbiota and the impact that microbiota may have in the outcome of therapies entailing drug delivery nanosystems through the gastrointestinal route. These coordinated studies will provide novel techniques to replace or act synergistically with current technologies and help develop new treatments for major diseases via the discovery of unique antimicrobial molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 77206, Romania.
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest 011061, Romania.
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11
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Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid: Properties and digestion. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Ignjatović N, Wu V, Ajduković Z, Mihajilov-Krstev T, Uskoković V, Uskoković D. Chitosan-PLGA polymer blends as coatings for hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and their effect on antimicrobial properties, osteoconductivity and regeneration of osseous tissues. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 60:357-364. [PMID: 26706541 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Composite biomaterials comprising nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) have an enormous potential for natural bone tissue reparation, filling and augmentation. Chitosan (Ch) as a naturally derived polymer has many physicochemical and biological properties that make it an attractive material for use in bone tissue engineering. On the other hand, poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) is a synthetic polymer with a long history of use in sustained drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, while chitosan can disrupt the cell membrane integrity and may induce blood thrombosis, PLGA releases acidic byproducts that may cause tissue inflammation and interfere with the healing process. One of the strategies to improve the biocompatibility of Ch and PLGA is to combine them with compounds that exhibit complementary properties. In this study we present the synthesis and characterization, as well as in vitro and in vivo analyses of a nanoparticulate form of HAp coated with two different polymeric systems: (a) Ch and (b) a Ch-PLGA polymer blend. Solvent/non-solvent precipitation and freeze-drying were used for synthesis and processing, respectively, whereas thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry was used for phase identification purposes in the coating process. HAp/Ch composite particles exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against all four microbial strains tested in this work, but after the reconstruction of the bone defect they also caused inflammatory reactions in the newly formed tissue where the defect had lain. Coating HAp with a polymeric blend composed of Ch and PLGA led to a decrease in the reactivity and antimicrobial activity of the composite particles, but also to an increase in the quality of the newly formed bone tissue in the reconstructed defect area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Ignjatović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, P.O. Box 377, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Victoria Wu
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Zorica Ajduković
- University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, Bulevar Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Mihajilov-Krstev
- University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Višegradska 33, P. O. Box 224, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Dragan Uskoković
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, P.O. Box 377, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Improving the crispness of microwave-reheated fish nuggets by adding chitosan-silica hybrid microcapsules to the batter. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Martins JT, Ramos ÓL, Pinheiro AC, Bourbon AI, Silva HD, Rivera MC, Cerqueira MA, Pastrana L, Malcata FX, González-Fernández Á, Vicente AA. Edible Bio-Based Nanostructures: Delivery, Absorption and Potential Toxicity. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-015-9116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Melgar-Lesmes P, Morral-Ruíz G, Solans C, García-Celma MJ. Quantifying the bioadhesive properties of surface-modified polyurethane-urea nanoparticles in the vascular network. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 118:280-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Laffleur F, Hintzen F, Shahnaz G, Rahmat D, Leithner K, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Development and in vitro evaluation of slippery nanoparticles for enhanced diffusion through native mucus. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:387-96. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the mucus-penetrating properties of neutral nanoparticles comprising poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(allylamine) (PAM). Materials & methods: PAA and PAM nanoparticles were prepared on the basis of ionic interactions between the two polymers. Nanoparticles were characterized by particle size as well as surface charge. The cytotoxicity was examined via resazurin and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Using a modified Ussing chamber with mucus, the diffusion properties of obtained neutral nanoparticles were compared with control particles. Results: The obtained PAA–PAM nanoparticles demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity and displayed smooth and spherical surfaces, a particle size range of 200 nm and ζ-potential of 0.9 mV. The diffusion efficiency of neutral nanoparticles was 2.5- and 1.8-fold higher than PAM and PAA nanoparticles, respectively. Conclusion: Taking enhanced mucus-penetrating properties into account, neutral nanoparticles were shown to be very promising in drug delivery via mucus membranes of different cavities. Original submitted 30 May 2012; Revised submitted 21 November 2012; Published online 23 April 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Laffleur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Hintzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Deni Rahmat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Leithner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Uskoković V, Desai TA. In vitro analysis of nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites as potential drug delivery platforms for the sustained release of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:567-79. [PMID: 24382825 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and chitosan were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted sequential precipitation and characterized for their microstructure at the atomic scale, surface charge, drug release properties, and combined antibacterial and osteogenic response. Crystallinity of HAp nanoparticles was reduced because of the interference of the surface layers of chitosan with the dissolution/reprecipitation-mediated recrystallization mechanism that conditions the transition from the as-precipitated amorphous calcium phosphate phase to the most thermodynamically stable one--HAp. Embedment of 5-10 nm sized, narrowly dispersed HAp nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix mitigated the burst release of the small molecule model drug, fluorescein, bound to HAp by physisorption, and promoted sustained-release kinetics throughout the 3 weeks of release time. The addition of chitosan to the particulate drug carrier formulation, however, reduced the antibacterial efficacy against S aureus. Excellent cell spreading and proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells evidenced on microscopic conglomerates of HAp nanoparticles in vitro also markedly diminished on HAp/chitosan composites. Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity exhibited normal values only for HAp/chitosan particle concentrations of up to 2 mg/cm(2) and significantly dropped, by about 50%, at higher particle concentrations (4 and 8 mg/cm(2)). The gene expression of osteocalcin, a mineralization inductor, and the transcription factor Runx2 was downregulated in cells incubated in the presence of 3 mg/cm(2) HAp/chitosan composite particles, whereas the expression of osteopontin, a potent mineralization inhibitor, was upregulated, further demonstrating the partially unfavorable osteoblastic cell response to the given particles. The peak in the expression of osteogenic markers paralleling the osteoblastic differentiation was also delayed most for the cell population incubated with HAp/chitosan particles. Overall, the positive effect of chitosan coating on the drug elution profile of HAp nanoparticles as carriers for the controlled delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis was compensated for by the lower bacteriostatic efficiency and the comparatively unviable cell response to the composite material, especially at higher dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158-2330
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Casettari L, Vllasaliu D, Lam JK, Soliman M, Illum L. Biomedical applications of amino acid-modified chitosans: A review. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7565-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Umerska A, Paluch KJ, Inkielewicz-Stępniak I, Santos-Martinez MJ, Corrigan OI, Medina C, Tajber L. Exploring the assembly process and properties of novel crosslinker-free hyaluronate-based polyelectrolyte complex nanocarriers. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:75-87. [PMID: 22814226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the formulation of pharmaceutically relevant polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (NPs) composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CS) containing no crosslinkers. The influence of polymer mixing ratio, concentration and molecular weight as well as the type of counterion in chitosan salt on properties of the resulting NPs was examined. Formulations and their components were studied by laser light scattering, viscosity, infrared spectroscopy and microscopy. Physical stability, isoelectric points and cytotoxicity of selected NPs were determined. By appropriate modification of HA molecular weight, stable and non-sedimenting NPs were successfully formed. Sonication was found to be an effective method to reduce the molecular weight of HA from 2882±25 to 176±4 kDa with no chemical changes in the HA structure observed. High molecular weight CS formed micron-sized entities at all compositions investigated. Positively and negatively charged NPs were obtained depending on the mixing ratio of the polymers, with CS glutamate NPs yielding more negatively charged particles compared to CS chloride NPs. The smallest NPs (149±11 nm) were formed using HA with molecular weight of 176 kDa. Cytotoxicity of NPs was dependent on environmental pH but HA was found to exert cytoprotective effects on Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Umerska
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Loh JW, Saunders M, Lim LY. Cytotoxicity of monodispersed chitosan nanoparticles against the Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 262:273-82. [PMID: 22609640 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Published toxicology data on chitosan nanoparticles (NP) often lack direct correlation to the in situ size and surface characteristics of the nanoparticles, and the repeated NP assaults as experienced in chronic use. The aim of this paper was to breach these gaps. Chitosan nanoparticles synthesized by spinning disc processing were characterised for size and zeta potential in HBSS and EMEM at pHs 6.0 and 7.4. Cytotoxicity against the Caco-2 cells was evaluated by measuring the changes in intracellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, TEER and sodium fluorescein transport data and cell morphology. Cellular uptake of NP was observed under the confocal microscope. Contrary to established norms, the collective data suggest that the in vitro cytotoxicity of NP against the Caco-2 cells was less influenced by positive surface charges than by the particle size. Particle size was in turn determined by the pH of the medium in which the NP was dispersed, with the mean size ranging from 25 to 333 nm. At exposure concentration of 0.1%, NP of 25 ± 7 nm (zeta potential 5.3 ± 2.8 mV) was internalised by the Caco-2 cells, and the particles were observed to inflict extensive damage to the intracellular organelles. Concurrently, the transport of materials along the paracellular pathway was significantly facilitated. The Caco-2 cells were, however, capable of recovering from such assaults 5 days following NP removal, although a repeat NP exposure was observed to produce similar effects to the 1st exposure, with the cells exhibiting comparable resiliency to the 2nd assault.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen Loh
- Laboratory for Drug Delivery, Pharmacy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Australia
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Zorzi GK, Párraga JE, Seijo B, Sánchez A. Hybrid Nanoparticle Design Based on Cationized Gelatin and the Polyanions Dextran Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate for Ocular Gene Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:905-13. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lin IC, Liang M, Liu TY, Ziora ZM, Monteiro MJ, Toth I. Interaction of Densely Polymer-Coated Gold Nanoparticles with Epithelial Caco-2 Monolayers. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1339-48. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200116z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Lin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tzu-Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, ‡School of Pharmacy, and §Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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Loh JW, Schneider J, Carter M, Saunders M, Lim LY. Spinning Disc Processing Technology: Potential for Large-Scale Manufacture of Chitosan Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:4326-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sakloetsakun D, Perera G, Hombach J, Millotti G, Bernkop-Schnürch A. The impact of vehicles on the mucoadhesive properties of orally administrated nanoparticles: a case study with chitosan-4-thiobutylamidine conjugate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1185-92. [PMID: 20668967 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various vehicles on mucoadhesive properties of thiolated chitosan nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by in situ gelation technique followed by labeling with fluorescein diacetate. Comparative studies on mucoadhesion were done with these thiolated chitosan NPs and unmodified chitosan NPs (control). The obtained nanoparticles displayed a mean diameter of 164.2 ± 6.9 nm and a zeta potential of 21.5 ± 5 mV. In an in vitro adhesion study, unhydrated thiolated NPs adhered strongly to freshly excised porcine small intestine, which was more than threefold increase compared to the control. In contrast, in the presence of various vehicles (PEG 300, miglyol 840, PEG 6000, cremophor EL, and caprylic triglyceride), the mucoadhesive properties of thiolated NPs were comparatively weak. Thiolated NPs suspended in caprylic triglyceride, for example, had a percent mucoadhesion of 22.50 ± 5.35% on the mucosa. Furthermore, results from in vivo mucoadhesion studies revealed that the dry form of nanoparticles exhibits the strongest mucoadhesion, followed by nanoparticles suspended in PEG 300, miglyol, and 100 mM phosphate buffer, in that order. Three hours after administration, the gastrointestinal residence time of the dry form of thiolated NPs was up to 3.6-fold prolonged. These findings should contribute to the design of highly effective oral mucoadhesive nanoparticulate drug delivery systems.
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Zaru M, Manca ML, Fadda AM, Antimisiaris SG. Chitosan-coated liposomes for delivery to lungs by nebulisation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 71:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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