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Tangye SG, Mackie J, Pathmanandavel K, Ma CS. The trajectory of human B-cell function, immune deficiency, and allergy revealed by inborn errors of immunity. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:212-232. [PMID: 37983844 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of B cells is to produce protective immunoglobulins (Ig) that recognize, neutralize, and clear invading pathogens. This results from the integration of signals provided by pathogens or vaccines and the stimulatory microenvironment within sites of immune activation, such as secondary lymphoid tissues, that drive mature B cells to differentiate into memory B cells and antibody (Ab)-secreting plasma cells. In this context, B cells undergo several molecular events including Ig class switching and somatic hypermutation that results in the production of high-affinity Ag-specific Abs of different classes, enabling effective pathogen neutralization and long-lived humoral immunity. However, perturbations to these key signaling pathways underpin immune dyscrasias including immune deficiency and autoimmunity or allergy. Inborn errors of immunity that disrupt critical immune pathways have identified non-redundant requirements for eliciting and maintaining humoral immune memory but concomitantly prevent immune dysregulation. Here, we will discuss our studies on human B cells, and how our investigation of cytokine signaling in B cells have identified fundamental requirements for memory B-cell formation, Ab production as well as regulating Ig class switching in the context of protective versus allergic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Mackie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Roa-Bautista A, Sohail M, Wakeling E, Gilmour KC, Davis M, Gait A, Lucchini G, Cox D, Elfeky R, Kusters M. Combined novel homozygous variants in both SGPL1 and STAT 1 presenting with severe combined immune deficiency: case report and literature review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186575. [PMID: 37377976 PMCID: PMC10291229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) is associated with biallelic variants in SGPL1, comprising a multisystemic disease characterized by steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, primary adrenal insufficiency, neurological problems, skin abnormalities and immunodeficiency in described cases. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) plays an important role in orchestrating an appropriate immune response through JAK-STAT pathway. Biallelic STAT1 loss of function (LOF) variants lead to STAT1 deficiency with a severe phenotype of immunodeficiency with increased frequency of infections and poor outcome if untreated. Case presentation We report novel homozygous SGPL1 and STAT1 variants in a newborn of Gambian ethnicity with clinical features of SPLIS and severe combined immunodeficiency. The patient presented early in life with nephrotic syndrome, severe respiratory infection requiring ventilation, ichthyosis, and hearing loss, with T-cell lymphopenia. The combination of these two conditions led to severe combined immunodeficiency with inability to clear respiratory tract infections of viral, fungal, and bacterial nature, as well as severe nephrotic syndrome. The child sadly died at 6 weeks of age despite targeted treatments. Conclusion We report the finding of two novel, homozygous variants in SGPL1 and STAT1 in a patient with a severe clinical phenotype and fatal outcome early in life. This case highlights the importance of completing the primary immunodeficiency genetic panel in full to avoid missing a second diagnosis in other patients presenting with similar severe clinical phenotype early in life. For SPLIS no curative treatment is available and more research is needed to investigate different treatment modalities. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) shows promising results in patients with autosomal recessive STAT1 deficiency. For this patient's family, identification of the dual diagnosis has important implications for future family planning. In addition, future siblings with the familial STAT1 variant can be offered curative treatment with HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriel Roa-Bautista
- Paediatric Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Immunology Unit, Marqués De Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Mahreen Sohail
- Paediatric Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Wakeling
- Paediatric Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly C. Gilmour
- Paediatric Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Davis
- Paediatric Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Gait
- Paediatric Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lucchini
- Paediatric Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street (GOS) Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, University College London Great Ormond Street (GOS) Institute of Child Health, and National Institute fot Health and Care Research (NIHR), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, United Kingdom
| | - David Cox
- Paediatric Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reem Elfeky
- Paediatric Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street (GOS) Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, University College London Great Ormond Street (GOS) Institute of Child Health, and National Institute fot Health and Care Research (NIHR), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, United Kingdom
| | - Maaike Kusters
- Paediatric Immunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street (GOS) Hospital for Children National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, University College London Great Ormond Street (GOS) Institute of Child Health, and National Institute fot Health and Care Research (NIHR), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, United Kingdom
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3
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Mackie J, Ma CS, Tangye SG, Guerin A. The ups and downs of STAT3 function: too much, too little and human immune dysregulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:107-116. [PMID: 36652220 PMCID: PMC10128169 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The STAT3 story has almost 30 years of evolving history. First identified in 1994 as a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) has continued to be revealed as a quintessential pleiotropic signalling module spanning fields including infectious diseases, autoimmunity, vaccine responses, metabolism, and malignancy. In 2007, germline heterozygous dominant-negative loss-of-function variants in STAT3 were discovered as the most common cause for a triad of eczematoid dermatitis with recurrent skin and pulmonary infections, first described in 1966. This finding established that STAT3 plays a critical non-redundant role in immunity against some pathogens, as well as in the connective tissue, dental and musculoskeletal systems. Several years later, in 2014, heterozygous activating gain of function germline STAT3 variants were found to be causal for cases of early-onset multiorgan autoimmunity, thereby underpinning the notion that STAT3 function needed to be regulated to maintain immune homeostasis. As we and others continue to interrogate biochemical and cellular perturbations due to inborn errors in STAT3, we will review our current understanding of STAT3 function, mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, and future directions in this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mackie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Antoine Guerin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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4
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Bhardwaj A, Liyanage SI, Weaver DF. Cancer and Alzheimer's Inverse Correlation: an Immunogenetic Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3086-3099. [PMID: 36797545 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated an inverse link between cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with data suggesting that people with Alzheimer's have a decreased risk of cancer and vice versa. Although other studies have investigated mechanisms to explain this relationship, the connection between these two diseases remains largely unexplained. Processes seen in cancer, such as decreased apoptosis and increased cell proliferation, seem to be reversed in AD. Given the need for effective therapeutic strategies for AD, comparisons with cancer could yield valuable insights into the disease process and perhaps result in new treatments. Here, through a review of existing literature, we compared the expressions of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis to establish a genetic basis for the reciprocal association between AD and cancer. We discuss an array of genes involved in the aforementioned processes, their relevance to both diseases, and how changes in those genes produce varying effects in either disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhardwaj
- Krembil Discovery Tower, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - S Imindu Liyanage
- Krembil Discovery Tower, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Discovery Tower, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.
- Departments of Medicine and Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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5
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Inborn Errors of Immunity Causing Pediatric Susceptibility to Fungal Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020149. [PMID: 36836264 PMCID: PMC9964687 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity are a heterogeneous group of genetically determined disorders that compromise the immune system, predisposing patients to infections, autoinflammatory/autoimmunity syndromes, atopy/allergies, lymphoproliferative disorders, and/or malignancies. An emerging manifestation is susceptibility to fungal disease, caused by yeasts or moulds, in a superficial or invasive fashion. In this review, we describe recent advances in the field of inborn errors of immunity associated with increased susceptibility to fungal disease.
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Borgström EW, Edvinsson M, Pérez LP, Norlin AC, Enoksson SL, Hansen S, Fasth A, Friman V, Kämpe O, Månsson R, Estupiñán HY, Wang Q, Ziyang T, Lakshmikanth T, Smith CIE, Brodin P, Bergman P. Three Adult Cases of STAT1 Gain-of-Function with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Treated with JAK Inhibitors. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:136-150. [PMID: 36050429 PMCID: PMC9840596 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to characterize clinical effects and biomarkers in three patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) caused by gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the STAT1 gene during treatment with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. METHODS Mass cytometry (CyTOF) was used to characterize mononuclear leukocyte populations and Olink assay to quantify 265 plasma proteins. Flow-cytometric Assay for Specific Cell-mediated Immune-response in Activated whole blood (FASCIA) was used to quantify the reactivity against Candida albicans. RESULTS Overall, JAK inhibitors improved clinical symptoms of CMC, but caused side effects in two patients. Absolute numbers of neutrophils, T cells, B cells, and NK cells were sustained during baricitinib treatment. Detailed analysis of cellular subsets, using CyTOF, revealed increased expression of CD45, CD52, and CD99 in NK cells, reflecting a more functional phenotype. Conversely, monocytes and eosinophils downregulated CD16, consistent with reduced inflammation. Moreover, T and B cells showed increased expression of activation markers during treatment. In one patient with a remarkable clinical effect of baricitinib treatment, the immune response to C. albicans increased after 7 weeks of treatment. Alterations in plasma biomarkers involved downregulation of cellular markers CXCL10, annexin A1, granzyme B, granzyme H, and oncostatin M, whereas FGF21 was the only upregulated marker after 7 weeks. After 3 months, IFN-ɣ and CXCL10 were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS The clinical effect of JAK inhibitor treatment of CMC is promising. Several biological variables were altered during baricitinib treatment demonstrating that lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, and eosinophils were affected. In parallel, cellular reactivity against C. albicans was enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie W. Borgström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Edvinsson
- grid.412354.50000 0001 2351 3333Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucía P. Pérez
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna C. Norlin
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara L. Enoksson
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hansen
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Fasth
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vanda Friman
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olle Kämpe
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Månsson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hernando Y. Estupiñán
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002 Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Qing Wang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tan Ziyang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Inge E. Smith
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden ,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Research Center Karolinska (TRACK), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sharma D, Ben Yakov G, Kapuria D, Viana Rodriguez G, Gewirtz M, Haddad J, Kleiner DE, Koh C, Bergerson JRE, Freeman AF, Heller T. Tip of the iceberg: A comprehensive review of liver disease in Inborn errors of immunity. Hepatology 2022; 76:1845-1861. [PMID: 35466407 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) consist of numerous rare, inherited defects of the immune system that affect about 500,000 people in the United States. As advancements in diagnosis through genetic testing and treatment with targeted immunotherapy and bone marrow transplant emerge, increasing numbers of patients survive into adulthood posing fresh clinical challenges. A large spectrum of hepatobiliary diseases now present in those with immunodeficiency diseases, leading to morbidity and mortality in this population. Awareness of these hepatobiliary diseases has lagged the improved management of the underlying disorders, leading to missed opportunities to improve clinical outcomes. This review article provides a detailed description of specific liver diseases occurring in various inborn errors of immunity. A generalized approach to diagnosis and management of hepatic complications is provided, and collaboration with hepatologists, immunologists, and pathologists is emphasized as a requirement for optimizing management and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Sharma
- Department of Internal MedicineMedStar Washington Hospital Center & Georgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA.,Liver Diseases Branch, Translational Hepatology SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Gil Ben Yakov
- Liver Diseases Branch, Translational Hepatology SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA.,26744Center for Liver DiseaseSheba Medical CenterTel HaShomerIsrael
| | - Devika Kapuria
- Liver Diseases Branch, Translational Hepatology SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA.,Department of GastroenterologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Gracia Viana Rodriguez
- Liver Diseases Branch, Translational Hepatology SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Meital Gewirtz
- Liver Diseases Branch, Translational Hepatology SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - James Haddad
- Liver Diseases Branch, Translational Hepatology SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - David E Kleiner
- 3421Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Christopher Koh
- Liver Diseases Branch, Translational Hepatology SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jenna R E Bergerson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNIAID, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNIAID, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Theo Heller
- Liver Diseases Branch, Translational Hepatology SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Chinese Pedigree of Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Due to STAT1 Gain-of-Function Mutation: A Case Study and Literature Review. Mycopathologia 2022; 188:87-97. [PMID: 36335528 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further elucidate the clinical, immunological and genetic features of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) due to STAT1 GOF mutation in the Chinese population. METHODS Clinical data for a proband were collected, and pedigree analyses were performed. Whole-exome sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing were conducted to explore genetic factors of a Chinese pedigree involving inherited CMC. RESULTS An autosomal dominant CMC pedigree was identified, and both the proband and his father had mucocutaneous Candida infections without involvement of other systems. A rare mutation (c.T1175C) in STAT1 was detected in this CMC pedigree. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the amino acid position of this mutation (p.M392T) is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrate species. Serum IFN-α was elevated in patients harbouring the mutation. A total of 10 publications reporting 26 CMC patients with STAT1 GOF mutations were retrieved by literature review, and the most common mutation found in previously reported Chinese patients is T385M in the DNA-binding domain. CONCLUSIONS STAT1 GOF mutation at c.T1175C (p.M392T) may lead to mucocutaneous Candida infections and an increase in serum IFN-α. T385M in the DNA-binding domain is the most common STAT1 GOF mutation found in the Chinese population.
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9
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Liu L, Sun B, Ying W, Liu D, Wang Y, Sun J, Wang W, Yang M, Hui X, Zhou Q, Hou J, Wang X. Rapid diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection by metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology in a Chinese cohort of inborn errors of immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:987692. [PMID: 36159645 PMCID: PMC9493038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.987692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is an opportunistic pathogen. Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) have been increasingly diagnosed with T. marneffei in recent years. The disseminated infection of T. marneffei can be life-threatening without timely and effective antifungal therapy. Rapid and accurate pathogenic microbiological diagnosis is particularly critical for these patients. A total of 505 patients with IEI were admitted to our hospital between January 2019 and June 2022, among whom T. marneffei was detected in 6 patients by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and their clinical and immunological characteristics were summarized. We performed a systematic literature review on T. marneffei infections with published immunodeficiency-related gene mutations. All patients in our cohort were confirmed to have genetic mutations in IL12RB1, IFNGR1, STAT1, STAT3, and CD40LG. T. marneffei was detected in both the blood and lymph nodes of P1 with IL12RB1 mutations, and the clinical manifestations were serious and included recurrent fever, weight loss, severe anemia, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, all requiring long-term antifungal therapy. These six patients received antifungal treatment, which relieved symptoms and improved imaging findings. Five patients survived, while one patient died of sepsis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The application of mNGS methods for pathogen detection in IEI patients and comparison with traditional diagnosis methods were investigated. Traditional diagnostic methods and mNGS tests were performed simultaneously in 232 patients with IEI. Compared to the traditional methods, the sensitivity and specificity of mNGS in diagnosing T. marneffei infection were 100% and 98.7%, respectively. The reporting time for T. marneffei detection was approximately 26 hours by mNGS, 3-14 days by culture, and 6-11 days by histopathology. T. marneffei infection was first reported in IEI patients with IL12RB1 gene mutation, which expanded the IEI lineage susceptible to T. marneffei. For IEI patients with T. marneffei infection, we highlight the application of mNGS in pathogenic detection. mNGS is recommended as a front-line diagnostic test for rapidly identifying pathogens in complex and severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jia Hou
- *Correspondence: Jia Hou, ; Xiaochuan Wang,
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10
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Mauracher AA, Henrickson SE. Leveraging Systems Immunology to Optimize Diagnosis and Treatment of Inborn Errors of Immunity. FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:910243. [PMID: 37670772 PMCID: PMC10477056 DOI: 10.3389/fsysb.2022.910243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are monogenic disorders that can cause diverse symptoms, including recurrent infections, autoimmunity and malignancy. While many factors have contributed, the increased availability of next-generation sequencing has been central in the remarkable increase in identification of novel monogenic IEI over the past years. Throughout this phase of disease discovery, it has also become evident that a given gene variant does not always yield a consistent phenotype, while variants in seemingly disparate genes can lead to similar clinical presentations. Thus, it is increasingly clear that the clinical phenotype of an IEI patient is not defined by genetics alone, but is also impacted by a myriad of factors. Accordingly, we need methods to amplify our current diagnostic algorithms to better understand mechanisms underlying the variability in our patients and to optimize treatment. In this review, we will explore how systems immunology can contribute to optimizing both diagnosis and treatment of IEI patients by focusing on identifying and quantifying key dysregulated pathways. To improve mechanistic understanding in IEI we must deeply evaluate our rare IEI patients using multimodal strategies, allowing both the quantification of altered immune cell subsets and their functional evaluation. By studying representative controls and patients, we can identify causative pathways underlying immune cell dysfunction and move towards functional diagnosis. Attaining this deeper understanding of IEI will require a stepwise strategy. First, we need to broadly apply these methods to IEI patients to identify patterns of dysfunction. Next, using multimodal data analysis, we can identify key dysregulated pathways. Then, we must develop a core group of simple, effective functional tests that target those pathways to increase efficiency of initial diagnostic investigations, provide evidence for therapeutic selection and contribute to the mechanistic evaluation of genetic results. This core group of simple, effective functional tests, targeting key pathways, can then be equitably provided to our rare patients. Systems biology is thus poised to reframe IEI diagnosis and therapy, fostering research today that will provide streamlined diagnosis and treatment choices for our rare and complex patients in the future, as well as providing a better understanding of basic immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A. Mauracher
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Henrickson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Chen ZM, Yang XY, Li ZT, Guan WJ, Qiu Y, Li SQ, Zhan YQ, Lei ZY, Liu J, Zhang JQ, Wang ZF, Ye F. Anti-Interferon-γ Autoantibodies Impair T-Lymphocyte Responses in Patients with Talaromyces marneffei Infections. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3381-3393. [PMID: 35789796 PMCID: PMC9250332 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s364388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies predispose patients to Talaromyces marneffei infection, whether this is mediated by T cell attenuation remains elusive. Methods Total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors or patients with T. marneffei infection were stimulated with M158−66, and immunodominant influenza H1N1 peptide, or heat-inactivated T. marneffei in the presence of serum from anti-IFN-γ autoantibody-positive patients or healthy controls. The percentages of IFN-γ+TNF+CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry and cytokines released in the supernatant were detected by Cytometric Bead Array. Furthermore, PBMCs from patients with T. marneffei infection and healthy individuals were stimulated with IFN-γ and anti-CD3/CD28 beads, and the levels of STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation were detected by Western blot. Results The M1-reactive CD8+ T cells that expressed IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ of healthy controls were clearly reduced in serum with high-titer anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies. In addition, the CD4+ T cell response, designated by the expression of IFN-γ, against T. marneffei in PBMCs of patients were significantly decreased when cultured in high-titer anti-IFN-γ autoantibody serum culture, compared to the healthy compartments. Moreover, the release of the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 was significantly decreased, while IL-10 was significantly increased. There was no significant difference in the phosphorylation levels of STAT1 and STAT3 protein between patients and healthy controls after IFN-γ or anti-CD3/CD28 beads stimulation. Conclusion Anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies presence in the serum inhibited CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell immune responses. There was no congenital dysfunction of STAT1 and STAT3 in anti-IFN-γ autoantibody-positive patients with T. marneffei infection. These results suggest that the production of anti-IFN-γ autoAbs impair T-lymphocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Tu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Qing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ying Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Quan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang Y, Jing Z, Cao X, Wei Q, He W, Zhang N, Liu Y, Yuan Q, Zhuang Z, Dong Y, Hong Z, Li J, Li P, Zhang L, Wang H, Li W. SOCS1, the feedback regulator of STAT1/3, inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2022; 821:146190. [PMID: 35124149 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our study showed that Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 phosphorylation was firstly upregulated in the early stage of osteogenic differentiation (OD), and quickly eliminated in hours. Following with phosphorylation of STAT1/3, its downstream feedback regulator Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein also underwent a quick elevation. Further activation and deactivation of STAT1/3, by administrated with Colivelin and Nifuroxazide in Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), increased and decreased SOCS1 expression, inhibited and promoted OD of BMSCs, respectively, as evidenced by Alizarin staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and determination of Run-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osteocalcin (OCN), ALP, and Bone sialoprotein (BSP). In addition, administration of Colivelin and Nifuroxazide caused and blocked inflammation and apoptosis of BMSCs. To further elucidate the role of STAT1/3-SOCS1 regulatory loop on OD of BMSCs, we overexpressed or silenced SOCS1 in BMSCs during OD. WB data showed that overexpression of SOCS1 repressed STAT1/3 phosphorylation, and knockdown of SOCS1 increased the phosphorylated STAT1/3. Further mechanism study showed that OD of BMSCs was elevated or reduced by SOCS1 overexpression or knockdown, respectively. The findings presenting indicated that the STAT1/3-SOCS1 axis may be exploited as an innovative strategy to enhance osteogenesis in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
| | - Zhenhao Jing
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Xiangyang Cao
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
| | - Qiushi Wei
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China.
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 410208, China.
| | - Youwen Liu
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Zhikun Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
| | - Yipping Dong
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
| | - Zhinan Hong
- Institute of Orthopaedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China.
| | - Jitian Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
| | - Peifeng Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
| | - Haibin Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
| | - Wuyin Li
- Medical Center of Hip, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan 471002, China.
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13
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Olbrich P, Ortiz Aljaro P, Freeman AF. Eosinophilia Associated With Immune Deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1140-1153. [PMID: 35227935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of eosinophilia is broad and includes infections, malignancies, and atopy as well as inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Certain types of IEIs are known to be associated with elevated numbers of eosinophils and frequently elevated serum IgE, whereas for others the degree and frequency of eosinophilia are less established. The molecular defects underlying IEI are heterogeneous and affect different pathways, which highlights the complex regulations of this cell population within the immune system. In this review, we list and discuss clinical manifestations and therapies of immune deficiency or immune dysregulation disorders associated with peripheral blood or tissue eosinophilia with or without raised IgE levels. We present illustrative case vignettes for the most common entities and propose a diagnostic algorithm aiming to help physicians systematically to evaluate patients with eosinophilia and suspicion of an underlying IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olbrich
- Sección Infectología, Reumatología e Inmunología Pediátrica, UGC de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Laboratorio de Alteraciones Congénitas de la Inmunidad, Laboratorio 205, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Pediatría y Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Pilar Ortiz Aljaro
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (IBiS, CSIC, US), Seville, Spain
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md
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14
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Perelygina L, Faisthalab R, Abernathy E, Chen MH, Hao L, Bercovitch L, Bayer DK, Noroski LM, Lam MT, Cicalese MP, Al-Herz W, Nanda A, Hajjar J, Vanden Driessche K, Schroven S, Leysen J, Rosenbach M, Peters P, Raedler J, Albert MH, Abraham RS, Rangarjan HG, Buchbinder D, Kobrynski L, Pham-Huy A, Dhossche J, Cunningham Rundles C, Meyer AK, Theos A, Atkinson TP, Musiek A, Adeli M, Derichs U, Walz C, Krüger R, von Bernuth H, Klein C, Icenogle J, Hauck F, Sullivan KE. Rubella Virus Infected Macrophages and Neutrophils Define Patterns of Granulomatous Inflammation in Inborn and Acquired Errors of Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796065. [PMID: 35003119 PMCID: PMC8728873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubella virus (RuV) has recently been found in association with granulomatous inflammation of the skin and several internal organs in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). The cellular tropism and molecular mechanisms of RuV persistence and pathogenesis in select immunocompromised hosts are not clear. We provide clinical, immunological, virological, and histological data on a cohort of 28 patients with a broad spectrum of IEI and RuV-associated granulomas in skin and nine extracutaneous tissues to further delineate this relationship. Combined immunodeficiency was the most frequent diagnosis (67.8%) among patients. Patients with previously undocumented conditions, i.e., humoral immunodeficiencies, a secondary immunodeficiency, and a defect of innate immunity were identified as being susceptible to RuV-associated granulomas. Hematopoietic cell transplantation was the most successful treatment in this case series resulting in granuloma resolution; steroids, and TNF-α and IL-1R inhibitors were moderately effective. In addition to M2 macrophages, neutrophils were identified by immunohistochemical analysis as a novel cell type infected with RuV. Four patterns of RuV-associated granulomatous inflammation were classified based on the structural organization of granulomas and identity and location of cell types harboring RuV antigen. Identification of conditions that increase susceptibility to RuV-associated granulomas combined with structural characterization of the granulomas may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of RuV-associated granulomas and discover new targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Perelygina
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Raeesa Faisthalab
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Emily Abernathy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Min-Hsin Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - LiJuan Hao
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lionel Bercovitch
- Department of Dermatology, Hasbro Children's Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Diana K Bayer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Lenora M Noroski
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael T Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (National Institute for Research and Treatment) (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Arti Nanda
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, As'ad Al-Hamad Dermatology Center, Al-sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Joud Hajjar
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Koen Vanden Driessche
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Mathilde Mother and Child Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Shari Schroven
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Mathilde Mother and Child Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie Leysen
- Department of Dermatology, Queen Mathilde Mother and Child Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Misha Rosenbach
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Philipp Peters
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Raedler
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael H Albert
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hemalatha G Rangarjan
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David Buchbinder
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Lisa Kobrynski
- Allergy/Immunology Section, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anne Pham-Huy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Dhossche
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Charlotte Cunningham Rundles
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna K Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Amy Theos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - T Prescott Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Amy Musiek
- Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mehdi Adeli
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Sidra Medicine and Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ute Derichs
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Krüger
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Horst von Bernuth
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph Icenogle
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Martinot M, Korganow AS, Wald M, Second J, Birckel E, Mahé A, Souply L, Mohseni-Zadeh M, Droy L, Tarabeux J, Okada S, Migaud M, Puel A, Guffroy A. Case Report: A New Gain-of-Function Mutation of STAT1 Identified in a Patient With Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis and Rosacea-Like Demodicosis: An Emerging Association. Front Immunol 2022; 12:760019. [PMID: 34987506 PMCID: PMC8721043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Heterozygous missense STAT1 mutations leading to a gain of function (GOF) are the most frequent genetic cause of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). We describe the case of a patient presenting a new GOF mutation of STAT1 with the clinical symptoms of CMC, recurrent pneumonia, and persistent central erythema with papulopustules with ocular involvement related to rosacea-like demodicosis. Methods Genetic analysis via targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS; NGS panel DIPAI v.1) exploring the 98 genes most frequently involved in primary immunodeficiencies, including STAT1, was performed to identify an underlying genetic defect. Results NGS identified a novel variant of STAT1, c.884C>A (exon 10), p.T295Y, not previously described. This variant was found to be gain of function using an in vitro luciferase reporter assay. Rosacea-like demodicosis was confirmed by substantial Demodex proliferation observed via the microscopic examination of a cutaneous sample. A review of literature retrieved 20 other cases of STAT1 GOF mutations associated with early-onset rosacea-like demodicosis, most with ocular involvement. Conclusion We describe a new STAT1 GOF mutation associated with a phenotype of CMC and rosacea-like demodicosis. Rosacea-like demodicosis appears as a novel and important clinical phenotype among patients with STAT1 GOF mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Martinot
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - Anne Sophie Korganow
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathieu Wald
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - Julie Second
- Dermatology Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - Elodie Birckel
- Dermatology Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - Antoine Mahé
- Dermatology Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - Laurent Souply
- Microbiology Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | | | - Laure Droy
- Pathology Department, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Colmar, France
| | - Julien Tarabeux
- Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, UMR 1163, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM, UMR 1163, University of Paris, Paris, France.,University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aurelien Guffroy
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
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16
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Dai D, Mei M, Hu L, Cao Y, Wang X, Wang L, Lu Y, Yang L, Dong X, Wang H, Wu B, Qian L. Prevalence of monogenic disease in paediatric patients with a predominant respiratory phenotype. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:141-147. [PMID: 34134972 PMCID: PMC8785068 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of monogenic disease in paediatric patients with a predominant respiratory phenotype. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 971 children with a predominant respiratory phenotype and suspected genetic aetiology. A total of 140 positive cases were divided into subgroups based on recruitment age and the primary biological system(s) involved. RESULTS There were 140 (14.4%) patients with a positive molecular diagnosis, and their primary clinical manifestations were respiratory distress (12.9%, 18 of 140), respiratory failure (12.9%, 18 of 140) and recurrent/persistent lower respiratory infections (66.4%, 93 of 140). Primary immunodeficiency (49.3%), multisystem malformations/syndromes (17.9%), and genetic lung disease (16.4%) were the three most common genetic causes in the cohort, and they varied among the age subgroups. A total of 72 (51.4%) patients had changes in medical management strategies after genetic diagnosis, and the rate in those with genetic lung disease (82.6%, 19 of 23) was far higher than that in patients with genetic disease with lung involvement (45.3%, 53 of 117) (p=0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that exome sequencing is a valuable diagnostic tool for monogenic diseases in children with a predominant respiratory phenotype, and the genetic spectrum varies with age. Taken together, genetic diagnoses provide invaluable clinical and prognostic information that may also facilitate the development of precision medicine for paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyuan Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Lu
- Molecular Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Molecular Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Molecular Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Molecular Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Molecular Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liling Qian
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
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17
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Liao J, Yang Z, He Y, Wei J, Ren L, Liu E, Zang N. Respiratory tract infection of fatal severe human bocavirus 1 in a 13-month-old child: A case report and literature review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:949817. [PMID: 36605757 PMCID: PMC9808049 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.949817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) belongs to the family Parvoviridae and it is acknowledged that HBoV1 is a respiratory pathogen. We report the case of a 13-month-old boy who presented with a cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing, and who eventually died of severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) showed that HBoV1 was the only detected pathogen. The nasopharyngeal aspirate viral load was 2.08 × 1010 copies/ml and the serum viral load was 2.37 × 105 copies/ml. The child was still oxygen deficient under mechanical ventilation. Chest imaging suggested diffuse lesions in both lungs, an injury caused by ARDS. In this case, the clinical symptoms and signs of the child, the high viral load, viremia, and the detection of mNGS in the tracheal aspirate all supported that HBoV1 could cause severe acute respiratory tract infection in children without other pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luo Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Zang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Awasthi N, Liongue C, Ward AC. STAT proteins: a kaleidoscope of canonical and non-canonical functions in immunity and cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:198. [PMID: 34809691 PMCID: PMC8607625 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT proteins represent an important family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play key roles in diverse biological processes, notably including blood and immune cell development and function. Classically, STAT proteins have been viewed as inducible activators of transcription that mediate cellular responses to extracellular signals, particularly cytokines. In this 'canonical' paradigm, latent STAT proteins become tyrosine phosphorylated following receptor activation, typically via downstream JAK proteins, facilitating their dimerization and translocation into the nucleus where they bind to specific sequences in the regulatory region of target genes to activate transcription. However, growing evidence has challenged this paradigm and identified alternate 'non-canonical' functions, such as transcriptional repression and roles outside the nucleus, with both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated STATs involved. This review provides a revised framework for understanding the diverse kaleidoscope of STAT protein functional modalities. It further discusses the implications of this framework for our understanding of STAT proteins in normal blood and immune cell biology and diseases such as cancer, and also provides an evolutionary context to place the origins of these alternative functional modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Awasthi
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia. .,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Luo Y, Yang X, Basourakos SP, Zuo X, Wei D, Zhao J, Li M, Li Q, Feng T, Guo P, Jiang Y. Enzalutamide-Resistant Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Is Driven via the JAK2/STAT1-Dependent Pathway. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:652443. [PMID: 34746227 PMCID: PMC8570343 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.652443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that CXCR7 expression was upregulated after enzalutamide (ENZ) treatment, and an increased level of CXCR7 could increase the invasion, migration, and angiogenesis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. This study demonstrated that the levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT1, C-Myc, and VEGFR2 were significantly reduced after CCX771, a specific CXCR7 inhibitor, treatment. This effect further increased after the combination treatment of ENZ and CCX771. Then, we verified that targeting the inhibition of JAK2 or STAT1 could remarkably increase apoptosis and DNA damage and decrease the migration of CRPC cells. More importantly, the combination treatment of ENZ + JAK2/STAT1 led to much greater suppression than the single-agent treatment of JAK2 or STAT1. Subcutaneous CRPC xenograft tumor growth was also reduced by single-agent ENZ treatment and single-agent FLUD, a specific STAT1 antagonist, treatment; but much superior effect was elicited by the combination treatment of ENZ + FLUD. The proliferative indices significantly decreased following combination treatment in tumor tissues compared with control-treatment tissues and single-agent-treatment tissues. Our results demonstrated that CXCR7, which signifies an androgen receptor (AR)-independent signaling pathway, caused CRPC progression via the downstream JAK2/STAT1 signal transduction cascade. Combined inhibition targeting both the AR and JAK2/STAT1 resulted in substantial tumor suppression due to the reduction in DNA damage repair ability and increment in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Spyridon P Basourakos
- Department of Genitourinary, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuemei Zuo
- Department of Genitourinary, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dechao Wei
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiankun Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengju Guo
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Luo K, Gao Y, Yin S, Yao Y, Yu H, Wang G, Li J. Co-delivery of paclitaxel and STAT3 siRNA by a multifunctional nanocomplex for targeted treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:649-663. [PMID: 34289420 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the major causes of mortality in patients suffering from breast cancer. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is closely related to cancer metastasis. Herein, a multifunctional nanocomplex was developed to simultaneously deliver paclitaxel (PTX) and STAT3 siRNA (siSTAT3) to inhibit tumor growth and prevent metastasis of breast cancer cells. PTX was encapsulated into the synthesized polyethyleneimine-polylactic acid-lipoic acid (PPL) micelle through hydrophobic interaction, while siSTAT3 was condensed onto polyethyleneimine through electrostatic interaction. The surface charge of the drug-loaded nanocomplex (siSTAT3PPLPTX) was then converted to negative by coating with hyaluronic acid (HA). The multifunctional nanocomplex (HA/siSTAT3PPLPTX) effectively entered CD44-overexpressed 4T1 cells via an active targeting mechanism. HA shell was degraded by the concentrated hyaluronidase in the endo/lysosome and the rapid drug release was triggered by the redox micro-environment of cytoplasm. Moreover, HA/siSTAT3PPLPTX showed enhanced cytotoxicity against tumor cells due to a synergistic effect of PTX and siSTAT3. The effective inhibition of tumor metastasis was confirmed by in vitro cell migration and invasion in 4T1 cells. More importantly, a superior antitumor efficacy was observed in orthotopic 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, with no side effects in major organs, and the lung metastasis was strongly inhibited in 4T1 metastasis model. In conclusion, the multifunctional nanocomplex provides a versatile platform for efficient treatment of metastatic cancer through tumor-targeted chemo-gene combined therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Metastasis is one of the major causes of mortality in patients suffering from breast cancer. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is closely related to cancer metastasis. In this study, a multifunctional nanocomplex co-loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and STAT3 siRNA was constructed and characterized. The co-delivery system exhibited active tumor targeting, effective endo/lysosomal escape, and rapid intracellular drug release. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the nanocomplex could lead to superior tumor growth inhibition, as well as metastasis suppression by silencing expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3. This present study implies that the nanocomplex could be a potential platform for targeted treatment of metastatic cancer through chemo-gene combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaipei Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaoping Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yawen Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Guangji Wang
- Center of Pharmacokinetics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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21
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Nunes-Santos CJ, Kuehn HS, Rosenzweig SD. IKAROS Family Zinc Finger 1-Associated Diseases in Primary Immunodeficiency Patients. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2021; 40:461-470. [PMID: 32654692 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ikaros zinc finger 1 (IKZF1 or Ikaros) is a hematopoietic zinc finger DNA-binding transcription factor that acts as a critical regulator of lymphocyte and myeloid differentiation. Loss-of-function germline heterozygous mutations in IKZF1 affecting DNA-binding were described as causative of 2 distinct primary immunodeficiency (PID)/inborn error of immunity diseases. Mutations acting by haploinsufficiency present with a common variable immune deficiency-like phenotype mainly characterized by increased susceptibility to infections. Mutations acting in a dominant negative fashion present with a combined immunodeficiency phenotype with high prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Pathophysiology and manifestations of IKAROS-associated diseases in patients with PID are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane J Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 2C410F, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 2C410F, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 2C410F, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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22
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Aranda CS, Guimarães RR, de Gouveia-Pereira Pimentel M. Combined immunodeficiencies. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021; 97 Suppl 1:S39-S48. [PMID: 33340461 PMCID: PMC9432339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), also known as primary immunodeficiencies, correspond to a heterogeneous group of congenital diseases that primarily affect immune response components. The main clinical manifestations comprise increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, inflammation, allergies and malignancies. The aim of this article is to review the literature on combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs) focusing on the diagnosis and treatment and the particularities of the clinical management of these patients. SOURCE OF DATA Critical integrative review, aimed to present articles related to primary immunodeficiencies combined with a searchin the PubMed and SciELO databases, with evaluation of publications from the last twenty years that were essential for the construction of knowledge on this group of diseases. SUMMARY OF DATA We highlight the main characteristics of CIDs, dividing them according to their pathophysiological mechanisms, such as defects in the development of T cells, TCR signaling, co-stimulatory pathways, cytokine signaling, adhesion, migration and organization of the cytoskeleton, apoptosis pathways, DNA replication and repair and metabolic pathways. In CIDs, clinical manifestations vary widely, from sinopulmonary bacterial infections and diarrhea to opportunistic infections, caused by mycobacteria and fungi. Neonatal screening makes it possible to suspect these diseases before clinical manifestations appear. CONCLUSIONS The CIDs or IEI constitute a complex group of genetic diseases with T-cell involvement. Neonatal screening for these diseases has improved the prognosis of these patients, especially in severe ones, known as SCIDs.
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23
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Olbrich P, Ferreras-Antolin L. STAT Immunodeficiency Disorders and Fungal Infection Susceptibility. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-021-00413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Yu Y, Xu F, Shen H, Wu J. Chronic Candida infection, bronchiectasis, immunoglobulin abnormalities, and stunting: a case report of a natural mutation of STAT1 (c.986C>G) in an adolescent male. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:38. [PMID: 33413180 PMCID: PMC7792061 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is the most common clinical symptom of singer transducer and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function (GOF) mutations. Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease that is characterized by permanent bronchiectasis, causing cough, expectoration, and even haemoptysis. The underlying pathogeny is not yet clear. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A is derived from memory B cells and correlates with immune-related diseases. STAT1 is closely associated with signal transmission and immune regulation. Case presentation We report a 17-year-old male patient carrying a GOF mutation in STAT1. The variant led to CMC, bronchiectasis, and elevated serum IgA levels, as well as stunting. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed a c.986C>G (p.P329R) heterozygous mutation in the STAT1 gene. Conclusion Further Sanger sequencing analysis of STAT1 in the patient and his parents showed that the patient harboured a de novo mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
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25
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Casamayor-Polo L, López-Nevado M, Paz-Artal E, Anel A, Rieux-Laucat F, Allende LM. Immunologic evaluation and genetic defects of apoptosis in patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:253-274. [PMID: 33356695 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1855623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in controlling the adaptive immune response and general homeostasis of the immune cells, and impaired apoptosis in the immune system results in autoimmunity and immune dysregulation. In the last 25 years, inherited human diseases of the Fas-FasL pathway have been recognized. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is an inborn error of immunity, characterized clinically by nonmalignant and noninfectious lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, and increased risk of lymphoma due to a defect in lymphocyte apoptosis. The laboratory hallmarks of ALPS are an elevated percentage of T-cell receptor αβ double negative T cells (DNTs), elevated levels of vitamin B12, soluble FasL, IL-10, IL-18 and IgG, and defective in vitro Fas-mediated apoptosis. In order of frequency, the genetic defects associated with ALPS are germinal and somatic ALPS-FAS, ALPS-FASLG, ALPS-CASP10, ALPS-FADD, and ALPS-CASP8. Partial disease penetrance and severity suggest the combination of germline and somatic FAS mutations as well as other risk factor genes. In this report, we summarize human defects of apoptosis leading to ALPS and defects that are known as ALPS-like syndromes that can be clinically similar to, but are genetically distinct from, ALPS. An efficient genetic and immunological diagnostic approach to patients suspected of having ALPS or ALPS-like syndromes is essential because this enables the establishment of specific therapeutic strategies for improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casamayor-Polo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta López-Nevado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, University of Zaragoza/Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Frederic Rieux-Laucat
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Luis M Allende
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Meitlis I, Allenspach EJ, Bauman BM, Phan IQ, Dabbah G, Schmitt EG, Camp ND, Torgerson TR, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Hagin D, Luthers CR, Stinson JR, Gray J, Lundgren I, Church JA, Butte MJ, Jordan MB, Aceves SS, Schwartz DM, Milner JD, Schuval S, Skoda-Smith S, Cooper MA, Starita LM, Rawlings DJ, Snow AL, James RG. Multiplexed Functional Assessment of Genetic Variants in CARD11. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1029-1043. [PMID: 33202260 PMCID: PMC7820631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing has increased the number of variants identified in disease genes, but the diagnostic utility is limited by lack of understanding variant function. CARD11 encodes an adaptor protein that expresses dominant-negative and gain-of-function variants associated with distinct immunodeficiencies. Here, we used a "cloning-free" saturation genome editing approach in a diploid cell line to simultaneously score 2,542 variants for decreased or increased function in the region of CARD11 associated with immunodeficiency. We also described an exon-skipping mechanism for CARD11 dominant-negative activity. The classification of reported clinical variants was sensitive (94.6%) and specific (88.9%), which rendered the data immediately useful for interpretation of seven coding and splicing variants implicated in immunodeficiency found in our clinic. This approach is generalizable for variant interpretation in many other clinically actionable genes, in any relevant cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana Meitlis
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Eric J Allenspach
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bradly M Bauman
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Isabelle Q Phan
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Gina Dabbah
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Erica G Schmitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Nathan D Camp
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Hagin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 62919, Israel
| | - Christopher R Luthers
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stinson
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jessica Gray
- Divisions of Immunobiology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Joseph A Church
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Manish J Butte
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90404, USA
| | - Mike B Jordan
- Divisions of Immunobiology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Seema S Aceves
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Susan Schuval
- Department of Pediatrics, Stonybrook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Suzanne Skoda-Smith
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Megan A Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lea M Starita
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Richard G James
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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27
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Gutiérrez M. Activating mutations of STAT3: Impact on human growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110979. [PMID: 32818584 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is the most ubiquitous member of the STAT family and fulfills fundamental functions in immune and non-immune cells. Mutations in the STAT3 gene lead to different human diseases. Germline STAT3 activating or gain-of-function (GOF) mutations result in early-onset multiorgan autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, recurrent infections and short stature. Since the first description of the disease, the clinical manifestations of STAT3 GOF mutations have expanded considerably. However, due to the complexity of immunological characteristics in patients carrying STAT3 GOF mutations, most of attention was focused on the immune alterations. This review summarizes current knowledge on STAT3 GOF mutations with special focus on the growth defects, since short stature is a predominant feature in this condition. Underlying mechanisms of STAT3 GOF disease are still poorly understood, and potential effects of STAT3 GOF mutations on the growth hormone signaling pathway are unclear. Functional studies of STAT3 GOF mutations and the broadening of clinical growth-related data in these patients are necessary to better delineate implications of STAT3 GOF mutations on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños R. Gutiérrez, Gallo 1360, Buenos Aires, CP1425EFD, Argentina.
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28
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Caldirola MS, Martínez MP, Bezrodnik L, Zwirner NW, Gaillard MI. Immune Monitoring of Patients With Primary Immune Regulation Disorders Unravels Higher Frequencies of Follicular T Cells With Different Profiles That Associate With Alterations in B Cell Subsets. Front Immunol 2020; 11:576724. [PMID: 33193371 PMCID: PMC7658009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immune regulation disorders lead to autoimmunity, allergy and inflammatory conditions due to defects in the immune homeostasis affecting different T, B and NK cell subsets. To improve our understanding of these conditions, in this work we analyzed the T and B cell compartments of 15 PID patients with dysregulation, including 3 patients with STAT1 GOF mutation, 7 patients with CVID with dysregulation, 3 patients with mutations in CTLA4, 1 patient with CD25 mutation and 1 patient with STAT5b mutation and compared them with healthy donors and with CVID patients without dysregulation. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the patients exhibited a significant decreased frequency of naïve and regulatory T cells with increased frequencies of activated cells, central memory CD4+ T cells, effector memory CD8+ T cells and terminal effector CD8+ T cells. Patients also exhibited a significantly increased frequency of circulating CD4+ follicular helper T cells, with altered frequencies of cTfh cell subsets. Such cTfh cells were skewed toward cTfh1 cells in STAT1 GOF, CTLA4, and CVID patients, while the STAT5b deficient patient presented a skew toward cTfh17 cells. These alterations confirmed the existence of an imbalance in the cTfh1/cTfh17 ratio in these diseases. In addition, we unraveled a marked dysregulation in the B cell compartment, characterized by a prevalence of transitional and naïve B cells in STAT1 GOF and CVID patients, and of switched-memory B cells and plasmablast cells in the STAT5b deficient patient. Moreover, we observed a significant positive correlation between the frequencies cTfh17 cells and switched-memory B cells and between the frequency of switched-memory B cells and the serum IgG. Therefore, primary immunodeficiencies with dysregulation are characterized by a skew toward an activated/memory phenotype within the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartment, accompanied by abnormal frequencies of Tregs, cTfh, and their cTfh1 and cTfh17 subsets that likely impact on B cell help for antibody production, which likely contributes to their autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Therefore, assessment of these alterations by flow cytometry constitutes a simple and straightforward manner to improve diagnosis of these complex clinical entities that may impact early diagnosis and patients' treatment. Also, our findings unravel phenotypic alterations that might be associated, at least in part, with some of the clinical manifestations observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Caldirola
- Inmunología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones en Patologías Pediátricas (IMIPP- CONICET-GCBA)-Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Martínez
- Inmunología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones en Patologías Pediátricas (IMIPP- CONICET-GCBA)-Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Bezrodnik
- Inmunología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones en Patologías Pediátricas (IMIPP- CONICET-GCBA)-Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Inmunología Clínica Dra. Bezrodnik, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Walter Zwirner
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Gaillard
- Inmunología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones en Patologías Pediátricas (IMIPP- CONICET-GCBA)-Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Sección Citometría-Laboratorio Stamboulian, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Boehmer DF, Koehler LM, Magg T, Metzger P, Rohlfs M, Ahlfeld J, Rack-Hoch A, Reiter K, Albert MH, Endres S, Rothenfusser S, Klein C, Koenig LM, Hauck F. A Novel Complete Autosomal-Recessive STAT1 LOF Variant Causes Immunodeficiency with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis–Like Hyperinflammation. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:3102-3111. [PMID: 32603902 PMCID: PMC9188869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions
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30
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El Jammal T, Sève P, Gerfaud-Valentin M, Jamilloux Y. State of the art: approved and emerging JAK inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:205-218. [PMID: 32967471 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1822325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory arthritis in adults. In the past decade, many treatments have emerged to expand the therapeutic armamentarium of rheumatologists. Among emerging treatments, Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are promising in treating RA and several other inflammatory conditions, such as psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is located downstream certain cytokines receptors that are known to be involved in RA pathogenesis. So far, three JAKi are approved for the treatment of RA, while other JAKi, are under investigation. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review those JAKi approved and emerging for the treatment of RA and provide their expert perspectives on the subject area. EXPERT OPINION JAKi represent an interesting alternative to other DMARDs when MTX has failed. Long-term extension studies are still ongoing, but one can assume that most of the major safety concerns have already come out. Switching from one JAKi to another DMARD has been little studied, but in such cases, preferring a treatment which does not interfere with the JAK/STAT pathway seems to be a reasonable choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas El Jammal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital , Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Sève
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital , Lyon, France
| | | | - Yvan Jamilloux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lyon University Hospital , Lyon, France
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31
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Duncan CJA, Thompson BJ, Chen R, Rice GI, Gothe F, Young DF, Lovell SC, Shuttleworth VG, Brocklebank V, Corner B, Skelton AJ, Bondet V, Coxhead J, Duffy D, Fourrage C, Livingston JH, Pavaine J, Cheesman E, Bitetti S, Grainger A, Acres M, Innes BA, Mikulasova A, Sun R, Hussain R, Wright R, Wynn R, Zarhrate M, Zeef LAH, Wood K, Hughes SM, Harris CL, Engelhardt KR, Crow YJ, Randall RE, Kavanagh D, Hambleton S, Briggs TA. Severe type I interferonopathy and unrestrained interferon signaling due to a homozygous germline mutation in STAT2. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/42/eaav7501. [PMID: 31836668 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav7501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive type I interferon (IFNα/β) activity is implicated in a spectrum of human disease, yet its direct role remains to be conclusively proven. We investigated two siblings with severe early-onset autoinflammatory disease and an elevated IFN signature. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a shared homozygous missense Arg148Trp variant in STAT2, a transcription factor that functions exclusively downstream of innate IFNs. Cells bearing STAT2R148W in homozygosity (but not heterozygosity) were hypersensitive to IFNα/β, which manifest as prolonged Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling and transcriptional activation. We show that this gain of IFN activity results from the failure of mutant STAT2R148W to interact with ubiquitin-specific protease 18, a key STAT2-dependent negative regulator of IFNα/β signaling. These observations reveal an essential in vivo function of STAT2 in the regulation of human IFNα/β signaling, providing concrete evidence of the serious pathological consequences of unrestrained IFNα/β activity and supporting efforts to target this pathway therapeutically in IFN-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J A Duncan
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. .,Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Benjamin J Thompson
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rui Chen
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gillian I Rice
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Florian Gothe
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dan F Young
- School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Simon C Lovell
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Victoria G Shuttleworth
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vicky Brocklebank
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bronte Corner
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew J Skelton
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Genomics Core Facility, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - John H Livingston
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Julija Pavaine
- Academic Unit of Paediatric Radiology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Edmund Cheesman
- Department of Paediatric Histopathology, Central Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephania Bitetti
- Department of Paediatric Histopathology, Central Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Grainger
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Meghan Acres
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara A Innes
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aneta Mikulasova
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ruyue Sun
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rafiqul Hussain
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ronnie Wright
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Wynn
- Department of Paediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Oxford Rd., Manchester, UK
| | | | - Leo A H Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katrina Wood
- Department of Pathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen M Hughes
- Immunology Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire L Harris
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karin R Engelhardt
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yanick J Crow
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - David Kavanagh
- Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hosptials NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. .,Children's Immunology Service, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tracy A Briggs
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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32
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Gonzalez-Mancera MS, Johnson B, Mirsaeidi M. STAT3 gain-of-function mutation in a patient with pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus infection. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 30:101125. [PMID: 32577366 PMCID: PMC7300236 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor involved in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Mutations in the STAT3 gene have been associated with dysregulation of the immune system giving rise to primary immunodeficiency syndromes (PID). Clinically, patients may present with very broad manifestations, and its diagnosis is usually very challenging. Proper treatment remains unclear, and limited options are available. Methods We report an adult male patient with long-standing history of immunodeficiency, who was found to have Mycobacterium abscessus infection. Two-hundred and seven immunogenes were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology (NGS). Results A STAT3 heterozygous missense pathologic variant was identified in the patient located in the transactivation domain (TA) of STAT3, associated with a gain of functionality, leading to recurrent bronchopulmonary infections, and involvement of multiple organ systems. Conclusions Severe cases of autoimmunity should prompt for evaluation of PIDs in the setting of genetic mutations. Anti-IL-6 therapy may benefit patients with STAT3 GOF mutations. These patients should also be screened for lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Britt Johnson
- Metabolic Genetics and Immunology, Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, USA
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Wang F, Zhang L, Liu J, Zhang J, Xu G. Highly expressed STAT1 contributes to the suppression of stemness properties in human paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11042-11060. [PMID: 32516753 PMCID: PMC7346083 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) is an important factor in various cellular processes. The cancer stem cell (CSC) is considered as a tumor-initiating cell that drives the inner hierarchy in many cancers including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Here, we explored for the first time the regulation of STAT1 on stemness properties in chemoresistant EOC cells. The paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant EOC cell line (OV3R-PTX) was derived from PTX-sensitive OVCAR-3 cells treated by the PTX regimen. A single cell clone OV3R-PTX-B4 was selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. PTX-resistant cells grew slowly in conventional 2D and 3D cultures, but tumor xenograft with PTX-resistant cells grew fast in nude mice. Interestingly, OV3R-PTX-B4 cells shared the characteristics of CSCs and stemness properties were found to be increased in the non-adherent spheroid culture system. The PTX-resistant cells had a high expression of CSC-related markers and low expression of STAT1 that had a high methylation level of CpG in its promoter region. Overexpressed STAT1 suppressed stemness properties, cell proliferation, and colony formation and favored the overall survival of patients with EOC. In summary, these data indicate a regulatory mechanism of STAT1 underlying drug resistance and provide a potential therapeutic application for EOC patients with PTX resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchen Wang
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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Zhang J, Wang F, Liu F, Xu G. Predicting STAT1 as a prognostic marker in patients with solid cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920917558. [PMID: 32426049 PMCID: PMC7222261 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920917558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant activities of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) have been implicated in cancer development. However, the prognostic value of STAT1 remains unclear. This report identified the role of STAT1 in prognosis in patients with solid cancer through open literature and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methods: Published articles were obtained from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases according to a search strategy up to October 2019. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted to assess the prognostic factors of patients. TCGA datasets were used to explore the prognostic value of STAT1 in various cancers. Results: A total of 15 studies incorporating 2839 patients with solid cancers were included. Pooled data showed that overexpressed STAT1 favored long overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.604, 95% CI = 0.431–0.846, p = 0.003) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR = 0.650, 95% CI = 0.512–0.825, p = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, highly expressed STAT1 was correlated with long OS of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Data extracted from TCGA datasets unveiled that STAT1 expression was significantly higher in 12 cancers (e.g. bladder and breast) than their adjacent normal tissues. Again, highly expressed STAT1 favored long OS of patients with ovarian cancer as well as rectum adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and skin cutaneous melanoma. However, in renal carcinoma, brain lower grade glioma, lung adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer, highly expressed STAT1 was correlated with poor OS of patients. Particularly in renal carcinoma, increased STAT1 expression was associated with high grade, later stage, large tumor size, and lymph node and distant metastasis. Conclusion: STAT1 has been identified to have prognostic value in patients with solid cancer. Highly expressed STAT1 may predict prognosis in cancer patients based on their tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanchen Wang
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangran Liu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, P.R. China
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35
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Marinelli L, Ristagno E, Fischer P, Abraham R, Joshi A. Cryptococcal pneumonia in an adolescent with a gain-of-function variant in signal transduction and activator of transcription 1 ( STAT1). BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/4/e234120. [PMID: 32327459 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-234120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An adolescent male with a history of autoimmune enteropathy, autoimmune hypothyroidism, aphthous stomatitis and recurrent oral Candida infections only in the setting of curative antibiotic courses presented with cryptococcal pneumonia and perihilar adenitis, which was successfully treated with antifungal therapy. The patient had a complex history with several immunological anomalies. Whole exome sequencing revealed a known STAT1 pathogenic variant, associated with gain of function (GOF). This case expands our understanding of the broad clinical phenotype manifested by STAT1 GOF and emphasises the importance of consideration of this diagnosis in patients presenting with opportunistic infections and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pathology, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ristagno
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Philip Fischer
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roshini Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Avni Joshi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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36
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Puel A. Human inborn errors of immunity underlying superficial or invasive candidiasis. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1011-1022. [PMID: 32124012 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Candida species, including C. albicans in particular, can cause superficial or invasive disease, often in patients with known acquired immunodeficiencies or iatrogenic conditions. The molecular and cellular basis of these infections in patients with such risk factors remained largely elusive, until the study of inborn errors of immunity clarified the basis of the corresponding inherited and "idiopathic" infections. Superficial candidiasis, also known as chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), can be caused by inborn errors of IL-17 immunity. Invasive candidiasis can be caused by inborn errors of CARD9 immunity. In this chapter, we review both groups of inborn errors of immunity, and discuss the contribution of these studies to the deciphering of the critical mechanisms of anti-Candida immunity in patients with other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Necker Branch, 75015, Paris, France. .,Imagine Institute, Paris University, 75015, Paris, France. .,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, Rockefeller Branch, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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37
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Sáez-de-Ocariz M, Suárez-Gutiérrez M, Migaud M, O Farrill-Romanillos P, Casanova JL, Segura-Mendez NH, Orozco-Covarrubias L, Espinosa-Padilla SE, Puel A, Blancas-Galicia L. Rosacea as a striking feature in family members with a STAT1 gain-of-function mutation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e265-e267. [PMID: 31991004 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sáez-de-Ocariz
- Dermatology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Suárez-Gutiérrez
- Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, INSERM, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Imagine Institute, Paris, Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - J L Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, INSERM, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Imagine Institute, Paris, Descartes University, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - N H Segura-Mendez
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, CMN XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - S E Espinosa-Padilla
- Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Necker Branch, INSERM, UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Imagine Institute, Paris, Descartes University, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Disease, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Blancas-Galicia
- Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
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Johnson MB, Cerosaletti K, Flanagan SE, Buckner JH. Genetic Mechanisms Highlight Shared Pathways for the Pathogenesis of Polygenic Type 1 Diabetes and Monogenic Autoimmune Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:20. [PMID: 30888520 PMCID: PMC6424922 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight pathways important for the development of autoimmune diabetes by investigating shared mechanisms of disease in polygenic and monogenic diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies have identified 57 genetic risk loci for type 1 diabetes. Progress has been made in unravelling the mechanistic effects of some of these variants, providing key insights into the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Seven monogenic disorders have also been described where diabetes features as part of an autoimmune syndrome. Studying these genes in relation to polygenic risk loci provides a unique opportunity to dissect pathways important for the development of immune-mediated diabetes. Monogenic autoimmune diabetes can result from the dysregulation of multiple pathways suggesting that small effects on many immune processes are required to drive the autoimmune attack on pancreatic beta cells in polygenic type 1 diabetes. A breakdown in central and peripheral immune tolerance is a common theme in the genetic mechanisms of both monogenic and polygenic disease which highlights the importance of these checkpoints in the development and treatment of islet autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Johnson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Karen Cerosaletti
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Sarah E. Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA USA
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Geng F, Wang Q, Li C, Liu J, Zhang D, Zhang S, Pan Y. Identification of Potential Candidate Genes of Oral Cancer in Response to Chronic Infection With Porphyromonas gingivalis Using Bioinformatical Analyses. Front Oncol 2019; 9:91. [PMID: 30847302 PMCID: PMC6394248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations revealed the relationship between chronic periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and cancer. However, host genes that change in response to chronic infection with P. gingivalis and may contribute to oral cancer have remained largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze microarray data obtained from the chronic infection model of immortalized oral epithelial cells that were persistently exposed to P. gingivalis for 15 weeks. Using protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), we identified hub genes, major biological processes, upstream regulators and genes potentially involved in tumor initiation and progression. We also validated gene expression and demonstrated genetic alteration of hub genes from clinical samples of head and neck cancer. Overall, we utilized bioinformatical methods to identify IL6, STAT1, LYN, BDNF, C3, CD274, PDCD1LG2, and CXCL10 as potential candidate genes that might facilitate the prevention and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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