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Fan Y, Ma L, Fang X, Du S, Mauck J, Loor JJ, Sun X, Jia H, Xu C, Xu Q. Role of hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α) in ferroptosis of adipose tissue during ketosis. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01034-8. [PMID: 39067746 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Postpartum cows experience lipolysis in adipose tissue due to negative energy balance (NEB), and accumulation of free fatty acids (FFA) leads to metabolic stress in adipose tissue. Ferroptosis is a type of cell death triggered by excessive buildup of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, which is involved in the occurrence and development of various metabolic diseases in nonruminants. However, it is still unclear whether ferroptosis occurs in the adipose tissue of ketotic cows and the regulatory mechanisms behind ferroptosis. Despite multiple studies demonstrating the significant involvement of hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α) in regulating cellular dysfunction, its specific function in adipose tissue of ketotic dairy cows remains uncertain, particularly its regulation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis. The study aimed to explore the impact of HIF-1α on oxidative stress and ferroptosis in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes. The adipose tissue of clinical ketosis cows (n = 15) with a serum BHB concentration of 3.13 mM (interquartile range = 0.14) and healthy cows (n = 15) with a serum BHB concentration of and 0.58 mM (interquartile range = 0.13) was collected. The results showed that the concentrations of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+ and total iron were increased in adipose tissue of cows with ketosis, while the contents of glutathione (GSH) were reduced. Furthermore, the protein levels of HIF-1α, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) exhibited higher abundance in adipose tissue obtained from cows with ketosis, whereas the protein abundance of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), glutamate cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were lower. To simulate the ferroptosis state of adipose tissue in ketotic cows, primary bovine adipocytes were isolated from the adipose tissue of healthy cows and cultured with erastin to construct ferroptosis model. Adipocytes were cultured with either an adenovirus overexpressing HIF-1α or small interfering RNA targeting HIF-for 48 h, followed by exposure to erastin (1 μM) for 24 h. Treatment with erastin led to higher protein abundance of CAT, SOD1, NFE2L2 and HMOX1, while it inhibited the protein expression levels of GCLC, SLC7A11, GCLM, GPX4 and KEAP1. Furthermore, erastin treatment elevated the levels of ROS, MDA, Fe2+, total iron and reduced the content of GSH. The overexpression of HIF-1α reversed the erastin-induced decreases in the protein abundance of GPX4 and SLC7A11, as well as the levels of MDA, ROS, Fe2+ and total iron, while significantly increasing protein abundance and content of CAT, SOD1, NFE2L2, HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, GPX4, SLC7A11 and GSH. Conversely, the silencing of HIF-1α further exacerbated the erastin-induced levels of MDA, ROS, Fe2+ and total iron, while inhibiting the upregulation of SOD1, CAT, NFE2L2 and HMOX1. Collectively, these findings suggest that activation of HIF-1α may function as an adaptive mechanism to mitigate ferroptosis and alleviate oxidative stress in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuyu Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - John Mauck
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Xudong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiushi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
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Ford HR, Mitchell TM, Scull T, Benitez OJ, Strieder-Barboza C. The Effect of Subclinical Ketosis on the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Inflammatory Response and Its Crosstalk with Depot-Specific Preadipocyte Function in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1995. [PMID: 38998107 PMCID: PMC11240650 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
During the periparturient period, cows undergo heightened energy demands at lactation onset, paired with reduced dry matter intake, leading to negative energy balance (NEB). Excessive lipolysis-driven adipose tissue remodeling, triggered by NEB, significantly contributes to ketosis in periparturient dairy cows. However, the role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the pathogenesis of ketosis and in modulating adipose tissue function remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how ketosis affects the transcriptional profile and secretome of PBMCs and its influence on preadipocyte function in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Twenty-one postpartum Holstein dairy cows were categorized as either subclinical ketosis (SCK; BHB ≥ 1.0 mM) or control (CON; BHB < 0.8 mM) based on blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration screening. Blood samples were collected intravenously for the isolation of PBMCs and serum metabolic profiling. Ketosis elevated circulating NEFA and BHB levels but reduced total WBC and neutrophil counts. Isolated PBMCs were evaluated for gene expression and used to produce conditioned media (PBMC-CM), during which PBMCs were stimulated with 10 ng/mL LPS. The overall phenotype of PBMCs was largely consistent between SCK and CON cows, with minimal differences detected in immunomodulatory cytokine expression and PBMC-CM composition following stimulation. Preadipocytes isolated from non-ketotic cows were treated with PBMC-CM to assess the effect of PBMC secretomes on adipose cell function. Preadipocytes treated with SCK PBMC-CM showed reduced lipid accumulation compared to those treated with CON PBMC-CM regardless of the depot. SAT preadipocytes had heightened expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, including DGAT1, LIPE, and FASN, compared to VAT when treated with SCK PBMC-CM. Preadipocytes treated with CM from PBMC stimulated by LPS exhibited upregulation in IL1B and IL6 regardless of the depot or source of PBMCs. Together, these results indicate that although PBMC profiles showed minimal differences, preadipocytes treated with PBMC-CM may be influenced by additional factors, leading to altered preadipocyte function and gene expression that may contribute to adipose cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter R. Ford
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (H.R.F.); (T.M.M.); (T.S.); (O.J.B.)
| | - Ty M. Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (H.R.F.); (T.M.M.); (T.S.); (O.J.B.)
| | - Tanner Scull
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (H.R.F.); (T.M.M.); (T.S.); (O.J.B.)
| | - Oscar J. Benitez
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (H.R.F.); (T.M.M.); (T.S.); (O.J.B.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (H.R.F.); (T.M.M.); (T.S.); (O.J.B.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Carretta MD, Creutzburg P, Borquez K, Quiroga J, Alarcón P, Rivera A, Burgos RA. Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) agonists induce NET formation and MMP-9 release from bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104562. [PMID: 36183839 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Periparturient cows are commonly fed diets supplemented with Niacin (nicotinic acid, NA) because of its anti-lipolytic properties. NA confers its anti-lipolytic effects by activating the hydroxycarboxylic acid 2 receptor (HCA2). HCA2 is also activated by the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and circulating BHB levels are elevated in postpartum dairy cows. The HCA2 receptor is highly expressed in bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and could link metabolic and innate immune responses in cattle. We investigated how HCA2 agonists affected bovine PMN function in vitro. We studied different PMN responses, such as granule release, surface expression of CD11b and CD47, generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and apoptosis. NA, BHB, and 4,4aR,5,5aR-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa [4,5] cyclopenta [1,2-c] pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (MK-1903) treatment triggered the release of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), a component of the tertiary granule, from neutrophils. Additionally, all HCA2 agonists induced NETs formation but did not affect surface expression of CD11b and CD47. Finally, none of the HCA2 agonists triggered apoptosis in bovine PMN. This information will give new insights into the potential role of the HCA2 receptor in the bovine innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniella Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile.
| | - Paz Creutzburg
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Katherine Borquez
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Andrés Rivera
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustin Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de, Chile
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Effect of Plant Bioactive Compounds Supplemented in Transition Dairy Cows on the Metabolic and Inflammatory Status. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186092. [PMID: 36144832 PMCID: PMC9504483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study evaluated the effects of a plant bioactive (Phyto Ax’Cell, Phytosynthese, Mozac, France) on the inflammatory status and health of dairy cows during calving. (2) Methods: 46 Holstein crossbred cows were randomized into a control group (CON, n = 23) and the Phyto Ax’Cell group (PAC, n = 23). PAC received Phyto Ax’Cell at 25 g/cow/day, from 15 days prepartum to 7 days postpartum. Blood analyses were performed weekly from D-7 to D14 to evaluate the energy metabolism and inflammatory status; rectal temperature was measured daily within 14 days from calving day (D0). (3) Results: PAC showed lower serum haptoglobin at D7 (0.55 vs. 0.79 mg/mL; p < 0.05) and D14 (0.44 vs. 0.66 mg/mL; p < 0.05). CON had a higher number of circulating white blood cells and granulocytes on D7 (p < 0.05). Fewer cows from PAC showed hyperthermia (≥39 °C) during the first 2 weeks postpartum (−7%, p < 0.05). Energy metabolism, which was represented by the NEFA/cholesterol ratio, improved (0.21 vs. 0.36 at D0, p < 0.1; 0.19 and 0.15 vs. 0.36 and 0.32, respectively, at D+7 and D+14, p < 0.05) under the plant bioactive supplementation. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory plant bioactive compound with Brazilian green propolis administered during calving had a beneficial effect on the energy and inflammatory status of dairy cows.
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Cascone G, Licitra F, Stamilla A, Amore S, Dipasquale M, Salonia R, Antoci F, Zecconi A. Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Herds: Impact of Early Diagnosis and Treatment. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:895468. [PMID: 35832327 PMCID: PMC9272741 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.895468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows occurs during the lactation period frequently in many herds, causing a reduction in milk yield and alterations in milk quality with significant economic losses for farmers. SCK is defined as a preclinical stage of ketosis characterized by an elevated ketone body level without clinical signs. Often many cows develop an elevated ketone body level during the first weeks of lactation even though it never goes up to a critical point causing clinical signs. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SCK in Sicily and assess the effect of a treatment with propylene glycol (PG) to control the SCK, thus, reducing the negative effect on milk quality yield. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 22 farms located south-east of Sicily and 1,588 cows in lactation. A total of 3,989 individual milk samples were collected from calving to 80 subsequently days to check the β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) values in order to establish the SCK status by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Moreover, the contents of fat, protein, lactose, casein, urea, somatic cell count and acetone were evaluated to identify a correlation between SCK and milk quality. A total of 1,100 cows showed BHB values higher than 0.10 mmol/L. These cows were considered SCK positive, were separated from the rest of the herd, and treated with PG (400 g/head per day), all SCK cows were treated with PG and cows without SCK were not treated. The results showed a prevalence of 41.5% of SCK-positive cows during the first 9 days of lactation. The comparison among the cure rate of treated cows shows that the treatment was most effective in the first 7 days of lactation (76.5% of treated cows) than in the following days. PG positively influenced the milk quality parameters, except for the fat proportion. Moreover, the animals treated with PG showed also an increase in milk yield, supporting the economical sustainability of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Stamilla
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Science (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Stamilla
| | | | | | - Rosario Salonia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Sicily, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Zecconi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, One Health Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Song Y, Wang K, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Jiang S, Liu S, He J, Feng X, Du X, Lei L, Gao W, Liu G, Li X. β-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits apoptosis in bovine neutrophils through activating ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3477-3489. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Danesh Mesgaran M, Kargar H, Danesh Mesgaran S, Javadmanesh A. Peripartal Rumen-Protected L-Carnitine Manipulates the Productive and Blood Metabolic Responses in High-Producing Holstein Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:769837. [PMID: 35004923 PMCID: PMC8739927 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.769837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to monitor the effect of including rumen-protected L-carnitine (Carneon 20 Rumin-Pro, Kaesler Nutrition GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) in the transition diet on the productive and metabolic responses of multiparous high-producing Holstein dairy cows. Thirty-two multiparous cows were allocated in a completely randomized design to receive the same diet plus 60 g fat prill containing 85% palmitic acid (control, n = 16) or 100 g rumen-protected L-carnitine (RLC, n = 16); at 28 days before expected calving until 28 days in milk (DIM). Fat prill was included in the control diet to balance the palmitic acid content of both experimental diets. Milk production over the 28 DIM for the control and RLC groups was 46.5 and 47.7 kg, respectively. Milk fat content tended to increase upon rumen-protected L-carnitine inclusion (p = 0.1). Cows fed rumen-protected L-carnitine had higher fat- and energy-corrected milk compared with the control group. Pre- and post-partum administration of L-carnitine decreased both high- and low-density lipoprotein concentrations in peripheral blood of post-partum cows. The results of this study indicated that the concentration of triglycerides and beta-hydroxybutyrate was not significantly different between the groups, whereas the blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration was markedly decreased in cows supplemented with L-carnitine. Animals in the RLC group had a significant (p < 0.05) lower blood haptoglobin concentration at 7 and 14 DIM than the control. Animals in the RLC group had a lower concentration of blood enzymes than those of the control group. The mRNA abundance of Toll-like receptors 4, cluster of differentiation 14, and myeloid differential protein 2 did not significantly change upon the supplementation of L-carnitine in the transition diet. In summary, the dietary inclusion of RLC improved dairy cow's performance during the early lactation period. Greater production, at least in part, is driven by improved energy utilization efficiency and enhanced metabolic status in animals during the periparturient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Kargar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Javadmanesh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Qi J, Cai D, Cui Y, Tan T, Zou H, Guo W, Xie Y, Guo H, Chen SY, Ma X, Gou L, Cui H, Geng Y, Zhang M, Ye G, Zhong Z, Ren Z, Hu Y, Wang Y, Deng J, Yu S, Cao S, Wanapat M, Fang J, Wang Z, Zuo Z. Metagenomics Reveals That Intravenous Injection of Beta-Hydroxybutyric Acid (BHBA) Disturbs the Nasopharynx Microflora and Increases the Risk of Respiratory Diseases. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:630280. [PMID: 33613471 PMCID: PMC7892611 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.630280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that maintenance of microbial diversity is essential for the health of the respiratory tract; however, there are limited reports on the correlation between starvation and respiratory tract microbial diversity. In the present study, saline/β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) intravenous injection after dietary restriction was used to imitate different degrees of starvation. A total of 13 healthy male yaks were imposed to different dietary restrictions and intravenous injections, and their nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles were obtained by metagenomic shotgun sequencing. In healthy yaks, the main dominant phyla were Proteobacteria (33.0%), Firmicutes (22.6%), Bacteroidetes (17.2%), and Actinobacteria (13.2%); the most dominated species was Clostridium botulinum (10.8%). It was found that 9 days of dietary restriction and 2 days of BHBA injection (imitating severe starvation) significantly decreased the microbial diversity and disturbed its structure and functional composition, which increased the risk of respiratory diseases. This study also implied that oral bacteria played an important role in maintaining nasopharynx microbial homeostasis. In this study, the correlation between starvation and nasopharynx microbial diversity and its potential mechanism was investigated for the first time, providing new ideas for the prevention of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongjie Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaocheng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyu Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Yi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Effects of Energy Supply from Roughage and Concentrates and the Occurrence of Subclinical Ketosis on Blood Chemistry and Liver Health in Lactating Dairy Cows during Early Lactation. DAIRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy2010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of varying dietary energy supply as well as the impacts of subclinical ketosis (SCK) on blood chemistry and liver health. A total 63 German-Holstein cows were housed from three weeks antepartum until sixteen weeks postpartum. After calving, cows were assigned to one of four treatment groups receiving either moderate or high energy concentrations in roughage and secondly moderate or high amounts of concentrates. Retrospectively, cows were additionally grouped according to their β-hydroxybutyrate concentration (SK: cows with SCK vs. CON: cows without SCK). The different energy supply of treatment groups had little effects on blood and liver variables; greater differences occurred between SK and CON cows. Liver fat content of SK cows was 34% higher compared to CON cows. Also, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase, bilirubin concentration, and percentage of granulocytes were increased in SK cows. The results indicate that cows were able to adjust their metabolism to different dietary energy supplies without having a clearly increased risks for metabolic disorders. However, individual animals of all groups developed a metabolic derailment during the postpartum period resulting in SCK, which is closely connected with impaired liver function, compromised immune-responsiveness, and elevated oxidative stress.
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Bünemann K, Frahm J, Kersten S, Hüther L, Meyer U, Sauerwein H, Hummel J, Zeyner A, Dänicke S. Effects of Pre-Calving Body Condition and Different post partum Concentrate Feed Proportions on Immune-Associated and Hematological Parameters in Pluriparous Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122251. [PMID: 33266165 PMCID: PMC7761514 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dairy cows have to cope with physiological, metabolic and endocrine challenges during the transition from late gestation to lactation. This period is characterized by a negative energy balance. Concentrate feed proportion of the rations is often increased to compensate the energy deficit. This can lead to acidotic conditions in the rumen, which might trigger the release of lipopolysaccharides from bacteria and result in inflammatory responses. An unfavorable pre-calving body condition is known to cause health problems after calving. Cows with a higher body condition (expressed as score, BCS, at a five-point scale) prior to calving might respond differently to either low or high concentrate feed proportions after calving with regard to hematological traits as indicators for possible interactions between nutritional status and immune system. For testing this hypothesis, cows were split into two classes (higher and adequate BCS) six weeks prior to calving according to their actual BCS and fed either a low- or high-energy-dense diet after calving. Neither BCS class nor dietary energy concentration influenced markedly hematological traits, including immune cell phenotypes, and inflammatory markers, such as haptoglobin. The overall covered individual BCS range and the post partum concentrate feed challenge did not overstress physiological adaptability. Abstract The present study aimed at evaluating the influences of different concentrate feed proportions in the ration offered to dairy cows post partum with different body condition scores (BCS) before calving. Therefore, 60 pluriparous cows were divided 42 days before expected calving into two groups with a higher or an adequate BCS. After calving, both groups were further subdivided into a group fed a ration with either a low concentrate feed proportion (C, 35% at dry matter basis) or a high (60% at dry matter basis) one. It was hypothesized that different BCS would lead to different reactions concerning varying concentrate feed proportions. Isolated BCS effects were detected in the white blood profile only before calving. Neither low nor high concentrate feed proportions affected hematological, blood immune cell phenotypes and inflammatory markers consistently irrespective of BCS group. It was concluded, that the assessed BCS span covered a range in which the capability of cows to cope with different dietary post partum energy supply remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bünemann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.B.); (S.K.); (L.H.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.B.); (S.K.); (L.H.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-531-58044-142
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.B.); (S.K.); (L.H.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Liane Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.B.); (S.K.); (L.H.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.B.); (S.K.); (L.H.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute for Animal Science, Physiology, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7–9, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Hummel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Annette Zeyner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (K.B.); (S.K.); (L.H.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
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Meese S, Ulbrich SE, Bollwein H, Bruckmaier R, Wellnitz O, Kreuzer M, Röntgen M, Gimsa U, Schwarm A. Methane emission, metabolism, and performance of Holstein dairy cows with low, medium, and high lymphocyte proliferation during transition. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4367-4377. [PMID: 32147260 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify interactions between state of lactation (dry or early lactating) and immune responder group (low, medium, or high) for energy metabolism traits as well as metabolic and immunological traits in dairy cows. In early lactation, when the energy priority of cows shifts toward the mammary gland, the energy available to be partitioned toward the immune system may differ among individuals. The equilibrium between energy supply from feed, digestion, and body reserve mobilization and energy expenditure with milk, immune system, methane, and heat production is delicate in this stage. Seventeen Holstein cows entering their second to fifth lactation were kept under comparable feeding, housing, and management conditions and were studied from 14 ± 6 d before calving to 11 ± 3 d after calving. Feed intake, milk yield, body condition, blood metabolites, and cortisol as well as gaseous exchange in respiration chambers were measured. The latter was used to quantify methane emission and to calculate resting metabolic rate and heat production. Subsets of blood leukocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were monitored. Activation and proliferation of the PBMC in response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin ante- and postpartum were assessed using the oxygen consumption rate (24-h cell culture assay) and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (72-h cell culture assay). Cows were classified based on the in vitro proliferative response of the PBMC measured postpartum in low (n = 6), medium (n = 5), and high (n = 6) responders. We found no interaction of state of lactation with responder group for feed intake, milk yield, efficiency, metabolic traits, and immune cell activation ante- and postpartum. However, after calving, low-responder cows produced less methane per unit of body weight and per unit of energy-corrected milk compared with the other cows. This might be indicative of a low rumen fermentation intensity. Low responders might therefore suffer from a lower availability of digestible energy in early lactation and not be able to sustain the shift from immune cell activation to proliferation. If so, the selection of environmentally friendly low-methane emitters could promote phenotypes with a compromised immune response in the critical early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meese
- ETH Zurich, Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; AgroVet-Strickhof, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - S E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - O Wellnitz
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, 3001 Berne, Switzerland
| | - M Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Röntgen
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - U Gimsa
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Schwarm
- ETH Zurich, Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
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12
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Effects of Ketosis in Dairy Cows on Blood Biochemical Parameters, Milk Yield and Composition, and Digestive Capacity. J Vet Res 2019; 63:555-560. [PMID: 31934667 PMCID: PMC6950442 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to characterise the effects of ketosis on milk yield and composition and digestive capacity in transition dairy cows. Material and Methods Seven ketotic and seven healthy cows were housed in individual stalls for six days. Samples of plasma, milk, refused total mixed ration, and faeces were collected, and the blood biochemical parameters, milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and faecal dry matter (FDM) production were determined. Results Compared with healthy cows, the ketotic cows had significantly higher concentrations of milk fat and citrate, but lower levels of milk protein and lactose. The cows exhibited a need for acid detergent fibre in forage and better digestion of neutral detergent fibre, starch, crude protein, and phosphorus than healthy cows, but more fat and gross energy were excreted in their faeces. Ketotic cows had higher energy-corrected milk yields and lower FDM than healthy cows. Conclusion Lower feed intake coinciding with the requirement to maintain high milk production is considered to be the cause of ketosis in dairy cows. Ketotic cows exhibited lower dry matter fat digestion.
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Li Y, Liu JX, Xiong JL, Wang YM, Zhang WX, Wang DM. Effect of hydroxyselenomethionine on lactation performance, blood profiles, and transfer efficiency in early-lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6167-6173. [PMID: 31103306 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of hydroxyselenomethionine (HMBSe), a novel organic selenium (Se) additive, on lactation performance, blood profiles, antioxidative status, and transfer efficiency of Se in early-lactation dairy cows. Sixty multiparous early-lactating dairy cows with similar days in milk (57 d; standard deviation = 9.9) and milk yield (36.5 kg/d; standard deviation = 1.42) were fed a basal diet containing 0.04 mg of Se/kg (dry matter basis). These cows were assigned to 1 of 4 groups following a randomized complete block design as follows: control (basal diet) or HMBSe addition (0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 mg of Se/kg of dry matter). The experiment lasted for 13 wk, with the first week as adaptation. The results showed that milk yields (raw, protein, and lactose) and feed efficiency were improved in a quadratic manner following increased dietary HMBSe addition, whereas energy-corrected milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, and total solid yields tended to be enhanced quadratically. In terms of whole-blood variables, red blood cell and white blood cell levels were increased quadratically, whereas hemoglobin concentration increased linearly with increased HMBSe addition. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations tended to increase linearly along with HMBSe addition. Plasma superoxide dismutase activity increased quadratically with increased HMBSe addition. The total antioxidant capacity in plasma tended to improve quadratically when cows were fed more HMBSe. Moreover, plasma malondialdehyde concentrations of dairy cows tended to decrease in a quadratic manner when dietary HMBSe increased. The Se concentrations in milk, plasma, and milk/plasma ratio increased linearly following increased HMBSe addition. In conclusion, HMBSe improved lactation performance, health status, and milk Se concentrations in early-lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China; Zhoukou Vocational and Technical College, Zhoukou 466000, P. R. China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - J L Xiong
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Y M Wang
- Novus International Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - W X Zhang
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, P. R. China
| | - D M Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
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Meese S, Gimsa U, Röntgen M, Weitzel JM, Tuchscherer A, Miersch C, Vernunft A, Viergutz T, Kreuzer M, Schwarm A. Effect of immune modulators and lactation number on in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes from nonpregnant dairy heifers and cows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of blood lymphocytes from nonpregnant, nonlactating heifers was comparable with that of nonpregnant cows in their first lactation. Both low and high levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and low levels of prolactin, but not isoproterenol, reduced the proliferative response of dairy heifers and cows in their first or second lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Meese
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - Monika Röntgen
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - Joachim M. Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - Claudia Miersch
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - Andreas Vernunft
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - Torsten Viergutz
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf 18196, Germany
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Angela Schwarm
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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15
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Wang S, Meese S, Ulbrich SE, Bollwein H, Röntgen M, Gimsa U, Schwarm A. Effect of immune modulators on in vitro activation and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiparous Holstein cows peripartum. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1515-1520. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaopu Wang
- ETH Zurich; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Susanne Meese
- ETH Zurich; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Susanne E. Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Physiology; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Clinic of Reproductive Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Monika Röntgen
- Institute of Muscle Biology & Growth; Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN); Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology; Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN); Dummerstorf Germany
| | - Angela Schwarm
- ETH Zurich; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition; Zurich Switzerland
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16
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Sun J, Xu J, Shen Y, Wang M, Yu L, Wang H. Effects of different dietary ratio of physically effective neutral detergent fiber and metabolizable glucose on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and growth performance of 8 to 10-month-old heifers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [PMID: 29514435 PMCID: PMC6043429 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study was undertaken to determine an optimal balance between the amount of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) to metabolizable glucose (MG) on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and growth performance of 8 to 10-month-old heifers. METHODS A total of 15 healthy Holstein heifers weighing an average of 256 kg (8 month of age) were randomly assigned to three groups of five. Treatment diets consisted of the following three peNDF8.0/MG levels: 1.46 (Treatment A), 1.74 (Treatment B), and 2.08 (Treatment C). RESULTS The results showed that the ratio of peNDF8.0/MG affected rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and growth performance of heifers. The average daily gain of heifers tended to decrease as the ratio of peNDF8.0/MG increased (p = 0.07). The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and cholesterol increased significantly (p<0.05), while the high-density lipoprotein concentration decreased (p<0.05). After feeding 2 h and 4 h, insulin concentration in Treatment A was greater than Treatment C (p<0.05). Propionate concentration had decreasing trend (p = 0.07); acetate to propionate ratio and non-glucogenic to glucogenic volatile fatty acid (NGR) increased significantly (p<0.05). In addition, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber decreased significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The present investigation indicated that dietary peNDF8.0/MG ratio can affect the growth and development, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility of heifers, and the optimal dietary peNDF8.0/MG ratio for 8 to 10-month-old heifers in the present study was 1.46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jinhao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Lihuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Dänicke S, Meyer U, Kersten S, Frahm J. Animal models to study the impact of nutrition on the immune system of the transition cow. Res Vet Sci 2018; 116:15-27. [PMID: 29428254 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is particularly challenged in transition cows as marked physiological changes occur in this period which are driven by late gestation, partus and onset of lactation. As a consequence, the metabolic and nutritional state of the cow also changes significantly with possible implications for the plasticity and flexibility of the immune system. In order to understand how the balance between metabolism, nutritional status and the immune system is maintained under challenging conditions, such as an infection, various animal models can be used which specifically manipulate the nutritional status through various feeding and management strategies. Such models aim at exploring the immunological response to a challenge under largely varying nutritional and metabolic states. As energy balance (EB) is strongly associated both with the metabolic state and with the immunoreactivity of the cows the manipulation of the EB by either influencing energy intake or energy excretion with milk, or by both, offers model opportunities for studying EB effects on the immune system. For example, assigning cows with a higher body condition score (BCS) at least 6 weeks prior to calving to an energy-dense diet exceeding the energy requirement in combination with a decelerated increase in the concentrate feed proportion post partum was shown to be effective in inducing a ketotic metabolic state under ad libitum feeding conditions. Compared to an adequately managed control group this model allows studying immune responses in the transit period and in dependence on dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), Braunschweig, Germany
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Schmitz R, Schnabel K, von Soosten D, Meyer U, Spiekers H, Rehage J, Dänicke S. The effects of energy concentration in roughage and allowance of concentrates on performance, health and energy efficiency of pluriparous dairy cows during early lactation. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:100-120. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1428417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Schmitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karina Schnabel
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk von Soosten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hubert Spiekers
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Bavarian State Research Center of Agriculture (LfL), Poing, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
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Bühler S, Frahm J, Liermann W, Tienken R, Kersten S, Meyer U, Huber K, Dänicke S. Effects of energy supply and nicotinic acid supplementation on phagocytosis and ROS production of blood immune cells of periparturient primi- and pluriparous dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2018; 116:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Bühler S, Frahm J, Tienken R, Kersten S, Meyer U, Huber K, Dänicke S. Effects of energy supply and nicotinic acid supplementation on serum anti-oxidative capacity and on expression of oxidative stress-related genes in blood leucocytes of periparturient primi- and pluriparous dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e87-e98. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bühler
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | - J. Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | - R. Tienken
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | - S. Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | - U. Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | - K. Huber
- Institute of Animal Sciences; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - S. Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
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Bühler S, Frahm J, Tienken R, Kersten S, Meyer U, Huber K, Dänicke S. Influence of energy level and nicotinic acid supplementation on apoptosis of blood leukocytes of periparturient dairy cows. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 179:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Tienken R, Kersten S, Frahm J, Hüther L, Meyer U, Huber K, Rehage J, Dänicke S. Effects of Prepartum Dietary Energy Level and Nicotinic Acid Supplementation on Immunological, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Periparturient Dairy Cows Differing in Parity. Animals (Basel) 2015; 5:910-33. [PMID: 26479393 PMCID: PMC4598713 DOI: 10.3390/ani5030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several biological changes occur during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation which is associated with a high susceptibility of health disorders. Nicotinic acid, as feed additive, is suggested to balance catabolic metabolism of periparturient dairy cows by attenuating lipolysis and impact production performance. This study provides information of the biological changes occurring around parturition with special emphasis on differences between primiparous and multiparous cows. Present results showed that energy-dense feeding prepartum did not result in metabolic imbalances postpartum in dairy cows which were similar in body condition score. Nicotinic acid supplementation did not reveal any effect. Abstract The periparturient period is critical according to health, productivity and profitability. As this period is fundamental for the success of the lactation period, the interest in improving periparturient health by dietary supplements increased in recent years. The present study investigated the effects of feeding nicotinic acid (NA) combined with varying dietary energy densities on immunological, hematological and biochemical parameters of periparturient cows differing in parity. Thirty-six multiparous and 20 primiparous dairy cows were enrolled in the study 42 days before expected parturition date until 100 days postpartum with the half of the cows being supplemented with 24 g of NA/d. After parturition a diet with 30% concentrate was fed to all cows which was followed by different concentrate escalation strategies. Dietary NA supplementation was ceased on day 24 postpartum. Dietary NA increased (P = 0.010) serum nicotinamide concentrations (mean of 3.35 ± 1.65 µg/mL), whereas NA could not be detected. Present data emphasize that periparturient cows are faced with major physiological challenges and that both parity-groups have different prerequisites to adapt to those changes irrespective of NA supplementation. The overfeeding of energy to cows which were similar in body condition score had only minor effects on periparturient immune system function and the metabolism of those cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Tienken
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Liane Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Korinna Huber
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany.
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Insitute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Brunswick, Germany.
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Effects of Inhibiting Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) in Cows with Subclinical Ketosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136078. [PMID: 26291537 PMCID: PMC4546328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) via specific inhibitors is known to result in improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and decreased accumulation of hepatic fat in type II diabetic human patients. The metabolic situation of dairy cows can easily be compared to the status of human diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver. For both, insulin sensitivity is reduced, while hepatic fat accumulation increases, characterized by high levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ketone bodies.Therefore, in the present study, a DPP4 inhibitor was employed (BI 14332) for the first time in cows. In a first investigation BI 14332 treatment (intravenous injection at dosages of up to 3 mg/kg body weight) was well tolerated in healthy lactating pluriparous cows (n = 6) with a significant inhibition of DPP4 in plasma and liver. Further testing included primi- and pluriparous lactating cows suffering from subclinical ketosis (β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in serum > 1.2 mM; n = 12). The intension was to offer effects of DPP4 inhibition during comprehensive lipomobilisation and hepatosteatosis. The cows of subclinical ketosis were evenly allocated to either the treatment group (daily injections, 0.3 mg BI 14332/kg body weight, 7 days) or the control group. Under condition of subclinical ketosis, the impact of DPP4 inhibition via BI 14332 was less, as in particular β-hydroxybutyrate and the hepatic lipid content remained unaffected, but NEFA and triglyceride concentrations were decreased after treatment. Owing to lower NEFA, the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (surrogate marker for insulin sensitivity) increased. Therefore, a positive influence on energy metabolism might be quite possible. Minor impacts on immune-modulating variables were limited to the lymphocyte CD4+/CD8+ ratio for which a trend to decreased values in treated versus control animals was noted. In sum, the DPP4 inhibition in cows did not affect glycaemic control like it is shown in humans, but was able to impact hyperlipemia, as NEFA and TG decreased.
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