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Teso M, Colosio AL, Pogliaghi S. An Intensity-dependent Slow Component of HR Interferes with Accurate Exercise Implementation in Postmenopausal Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 54:655-664. [PMID: 34967799 PMCID: PMC8920010 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) targets are commonly used to administer exercise intensity in sport and clinical practice. However, as exercise protracts, a time-dependent dissociation between HR and metabolism can lead to a misprescription of the intensity ingredient of the exercise dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Teso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan2, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Effects of Circuit Resistance Training on Body Composition, Strength, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:725-738. [PMID: 34627129 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of circuit resistance training (CRT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and body composition in middle-aged and older women. Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The CRT interventions led to a significant decrease in weight, body mass index, and fat mass along with an increase in muscle mass. Significant differences were found in the fat mass and a trend to develop muscle mass when compared with the control group. CRT led to a significant increase in VO2max, walking endurance, and time to exhaustion; likewise, significant differences were observed when compared with the control group. CRT had a moderate and large favorable effect on arm, trunk, and lower limb strength. Furthermore, the increases in strength observed in the CRT were significantly greater than the changes observed in the control group. In middle-aged and older women, CRT improved cardiorespiratory fitness and strength and optimized body composition.
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3
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Arnold N, Deiseroth A, Hahad O, Diestelmeier S, Schulz A, Daubenbüchel A, Gori T, Binder H, Pfeiffer N, Prochaska J, Beutel M, Lackner KJ, Münzel T, Wild PS. Domains of Physical Activity in Relation to Stiffness Index in the General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020930. [PMID: 34348471 PMCID: PMC8475023 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Regular exercise training represents an important modifier of arterial stiffness (AS). Therefore, sex‐specific relations between domains of physical activity (PA; commuting, domestic, and leisure‐time PA, including active sport and occupational PA) with AS were investigated. Methods and Results Stiffness index by digital photoplethysmography was investigated in 12 650 subjects from the GHS (Gutenberg Health Study). Self‐reported PA was evaluated by the “Short Questionnaire to Assess Health‐Enhancing Physical Activity” and reported as activity score peer week, being a combined measure of duration, frequency, and intensity of PA. Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated strong beneficial effects of repetitive activities, such as active commuting or leisure‐time PA–related walking on AS in men, but not in women. Lower AS associated with endurance training was also found among men and premenopausal women. In contrast, intense occupational PA was related to stiffer vessels in men (P<0.0001) and women (P=0.0021) in a fully adjusted model. Combination of both, performing endurance training and having stiffness index values below median, resulted in the best survival. In contrast, subjects with elevated stiffness index at baseline without any endurance activities demonstrated the worst survival. Conclusions In this population representative sample, a differential impact of domains of self‐reported PA on AS was demonstrated. Our data strengthen the importance of regular endurance PA to induce a reduction of AS, which, in turn, may improve cardiovascular prognosis. We also report deleterious effects of intense occupational PA on stiffness index, a finding that needs further confirmation by larger prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Arnold
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,Department of Cardiology Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany
| | - Arne Deiseroth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health University of Basel Switzerland
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany
| | - Simon Diestelmeier
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Department of Cardiology Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Andrea Daubenbüchel
- Department of Cardiology Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Tommaso Gori
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,Institute of Medical Biometry and StatisticsFaculty of Medicine and Medical CenterUniversity of Freiburg Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Jürgen Prochaska
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,Department of Cardiology Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Manfred Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,Department of Cardiology Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
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4
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NIO AMANDAQX, ROGERS SAMANTHA, MYNORS-WALLIS RACHEL, MEAH VICTORIAL, BLACK JANEM, STEMBRIDGE MIKE, STÖHR ERICJ. The Menopause Alters Aerobic Adaptations to High-Intensity Interval Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:2096-2106. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Bijl RC, Valensise H, Novelli GP, Vasapollo B, Wilkinson I, Thilaganathan B, Stöhr EJ, Lees C, van der Marel CD, Cornette JMJ. Methods and considerations concerning cardiac output measurement in pregnant women: recommendations of the International Working Group on Maternal Hemodynamics. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2019; 54:35-50. [PMID: 30737852 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac output (CO), along with blood pressure and vascular resistance, is one of the most important parameters of maternal hemodynamic function. Substantial changes in CO occur in normal pregnancy and in most obstetric complications. With the development of several non-invasive techniques for the measurement of CO, there is a growing interest in the determination of this parameter in pregnancy. These techniques were initially developed for use in critical-care settings and were subsequently adopted in obstetrics, often without appropriate validation for use in pregnancy. In this article, methods and devices for the measurement of CO are described and compared, and recommendations are formulated for their use in pregnancy, with the aim of standardizing the assessment of CO and peripheral vascular resistance in clinical practice and research studies on maternal hemodynamics. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Bijl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Valensise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - G P Novelli
- Department of Cardiology, San Sebastiano Martire Hospital, Frascati, Italy
| | - B Vasapollo
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Policlinico Casilino Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - I Wilkinson
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E J Stöhr
- Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - C Lees
- Department of Obstetrics, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C D van der Marel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M J Cornette
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Weeks KL, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. Understanding Key Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Protection to Mitigate Disease: Current Knowledge and Emerging Concepts. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:419-475. [PMID: 29351515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on the heart are well recognized, and clinical studies have demonstrated that exercise is an intervention that can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. This has led to significant research into understanding the key mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms that regulate exercise-induced cardiac myocyte growth and proliferation. We discuss in detail the effects of exercise on other cardiac cells, organelles, and systems that have received less or little attention and require further investigation. This includes cardiac excitation and contraction, mitochondrial adaptations, cellular stress responses to promote survival (heat shock response, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal system, endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, DNA damage response), extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, and organ-to-organ crosstalk. We summarize therapeutic strategies targeting known regulators of exercise-induced protection and the challenges translating findings from bench to bedside. We conclude that technological advancements that allow for in-depth profiling of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, combined with animal and human studies, provide new opportunities for comprehensively defining the signaling and regulatory aspects of cell/organelle functions that underpin the protective properties of exercise. This is likely to lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
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7
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Masatli Z, Nordine M, Maggioni MA, Mendt S, Hilmer B, Brauns K, Werner A, Schwarz A, Habazettl H, Gunga HC, Opatz OS. Gender-Specific Cardiovascular Reactions to +Gz Interval Training on a Short Arm Human Centrifuge. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1028. [PMID: 30108517 PMCID: PMC6079353 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular deconditioning occurs in astronauts during microgravity exposure, and may lead to post-flight orthostatic intolerance, which is more prevalent in women than men. Intermittent artificial gravity is a potential countermeasure, which can effectively train the cardiovascular mechanisms responsible for maintaining orthostatic integrity. Since cardiovascular responses may differ between women and men during gravitational challenges, information regarding gender specific responses during intermittent artificial gravity exposure plays a crucial role in countermeasure strategies. This study implemented a +Gz interval training protocol using a ground based short arm human centrifuge, in order to assess its effectiveness in stimulating the components of orthostatic integrity, such as diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and vascular resistance amongst both genders. Twenty-eight participants (12 men/16 women) underwent a two-round graded +1/2/1 Gz profile, with each +Gz phase lasting 4 min. Cardiovascular parameters from each phase (averaged last 60 sec) were analyzed for significant changes with respect to baseline values. Twelve men and eleven women completed the session without interruption, while five women experienced an orthostatic event. These women had a significantly greater height and baseline mean arterial pressure than their counterparts. Throughout the +Gz interval session, women who completed the session exhibited significant increases in heart rate and systemic vascular resistance index throughout all +Gz phases, while exhibiting increases in diastolic blood pressure during several +Gz phases. Men expressed significant increases from baseline in diastolic blood pressure throughout the session with heart rate increases during the +2Gz phases, while no significant changes in vascular resistance were recorded. Furthermore, women exhibited non-significantly higher heart rates over men during all phases of +Gz. Based on these findings, this protocol proved to consistently stimulate the cardiovascular systems involved in orthostatic integrity to a larger extent amongst women than men. Thus the +Gz gradients used for this interval protocol may be beneficial for women as a countermeasure against microgravity induced cardiovascular deconditioning, whereas men may require higher +Gz gradients. Lastly, this study indicates that gender specific cardiovascular reactions are apparent during graded +Gz exposure while no significant differences regarding cardiovascular responses were found between women and men during intermittent artificial gravity training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Masatli
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Nordine
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina A Maggioni
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Mendt
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ben Hilmer
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Brauns
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Werner
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Schwarz
- Central Medical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helmut Habazettl
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver S Opatz
- Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Sex- and Age-Related Reference Values in Cardiology, with Annotations and Guidelines for Interpretation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:677-706. [PMID: 30051414 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The definition of "abnormal" in clinical sciences is often based on so-called reference values which point to a range that experts by some sort of consensus consider as normal when looking at biological variables. Such a level is commonly calculated by taking (twice) the standard deviation from the mean, or considering certain percentiles. The suspicion or even confirmation of a disease is then established by demonstrating that the value measured exceeds the upper or lower reference value. As is often the case, the measurement accuracy may depend on the conditions and specific method employed to collect and analyze data. This implies that, for example, data assessed by 2D echocardiography possibly differ from those obtained by MRI and therefore require modality-specific reference values. In this review we summarize reference values for the electrocardiogram, cardiac compartmental volumes, and arterial vessel size in males and females for various age groups. These values may further depend on other variables such as body size, physical training status, and ethnicity. Additional variables relevant for cardiology such as those referring to the microcirculation and biomarkers are only mentioned with reference to the pertinent literature. In general, the sex- and age-specific differences observed are often remarkable and warrant consideration in clinical practice and basic biomedical sciences.
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9
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Nio AQX, Stöhr EJ, Shave RE. Age-related differences in left ventricular structure and function between healthy men and women. Climacteric 2017; 20:476-483. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1356814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Q. X. Nio
- Department of Physiology and Health, Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - E. J. Stöhr
- Department of Physiology and Health, Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R. E. Shave
- Department of Physiology and Health, Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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10
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Bartling B, Al-Robaiy S, Lehnich H, Binder L, Hiebl B, Simm A. Sex-related differences in the wheel-running activity of mice decline with increasing age. Exp Gerontol 2017; 87:139-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Thorin-Trescases N, Hayami D, Yu C, Luo X, Nguyen A, Larouche JF, Lalongé J, Henri C, Arsenault A, Gayda M, Juneau M, Lambert J, Thorin E, Nigam A. Exercise Lowers Plasma Angiopoietin-Like 2 in Men with Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164598. [PMID: 27736966 PMCID: PMC5063321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory angiopoietin-like 2 (angptl2) promotes endothelial dysfunction in mice and circulating angptl2 is higher in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We previously reported that a single bout of physical exercise was able to reduce angptl2 levels in coronary patients. We hypothesized that chronic exercise would reduce angptl2 in patients with post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and endothelial dysfunction. Post-ACS patients (n = 40, 10 women) were enrolled in a 3-month exercise-based prevention program. Plasma angptl2, hs-CRP, and endothelial function assessed by scintigraphic forearm blood flow, were measured before and at the end of the study. Exercise increased VO2peak by 10% (p<0.05), but did not significantly affect endothelial function, in both men and women. In contrast, exercise reduced angptl2 levels only in men (-26±7%, p<0.05), but unexpectedly not in women (+30±16%), despite similar initial levels in both groups. Exercise reduced hs-CRP levels in men but not in women. In men, levels of angptl2, but not of hs-CRP, reached at the end of the training program were negatively correlated with VO2peak (r = -0.462, p = 0.012) and with endothelial function (r = -0.419, p = 0.033) measured at baseline: better initial cardiopulmonary fitness and endothelial function correlated with lower angptl2 levels after exercise. Pre-exercise angptl2 levels were lower if left ventricular ejection time was long (p<0.05) and the drop in angptl2 induced by exercise was greater if the cardiac output was high (p<0.05). In conclusion, in post-ACS men, angptl2 levels are sensitive to chronic exercise training. Low circulating angptl2 reached after training may reflect good endothelial and cardiopulmonary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doug Hayami
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention Center (EPIC) of the Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carol Yu
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Albert Nguyen
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Larouche
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention Center (EPIC) of the Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Lalongé
- Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention Center (EPIC) of the Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine Henri
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Arsenault
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Behavioral Medicine Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Gayda
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention Center (EPIC) of the Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Juneau
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention Center (EPIC) of the Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Lambert
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Anil Nigam
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention Center (EPIC) of the Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Williams AM, Shave RE, Stembridge M, Eves ND. Females have greater left ventricular twist mechanics than males during acute reductions to preload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H76-84. [PMID: 27199112 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00057.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Compared to males, females have smaller left ventricular (LV) dimensions and volumes, higher ejection fractions (EF), and higher LV longitudinal and circumferential strain. LV twist mechanics determine ventricular function and are preload-dependent. Therefore, the sex differences in LV structure and myocardial function may result in different mechanics when preload is altered. This study investigated sex differences in LV mechanics during acute challenges to preload. With the use of conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography, LV structure and function were assessed in 20 males (24 ± 6.2 yr) and 20 females (23 ± 3.1 yr) at baseline and during progressive levels of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Fourteen participants (8 males, 6 females) were also assessed following a rapid infusion of saline. LV end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume (SV), and EF were reduced in both groups during LBNP (P < 0.001). While males had greater absolute volumes (P < 0.001), there were no sex differences in allometrically scaled volumes at any stage. Sex differences were not detected at baseline in basal rotation, apical rotation, or twist. Apical rotation and twist increased in both groups (P < 0.001) with LBNP. At -60 mmHg, females had greater apical rotation (P = 0.009), twist (P = 0.008), and torsion (P = 0.002) and faster untwisting velocity (P = 0.02) than males. There were no differences in mechanics following saline infusion. Females have larger LV twist and a faster untwisting velocity than males during large reductions to preload, supporting that females have a greater reliance on LV twist mechanics to maintain SV during severe reductions to preload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Williams
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada; and
| | - Rob E Shave
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Stembridge
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada; and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Neil D Eves
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada; and
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