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Møller TK, Larsen MN, Pfeffer K, Frydenlund SE, Ntoumanis N, Krustrup P. The effects of a combined physical activity and health education program on health knowledge and well-being of socially vulnerable children. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14606. [PMID: 38545956 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the football-based health education program "11 for Health" on health knowledge and well-being in the setting of a 10-week residential stay in a Danish charity home for socially vulnerable children. Six hundred and fourteen children participated in the study, of which 305 took part in the standard program plus "11 for Health" (SG+: 12.4 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) years) and 309 took part in the standard program (SG: 12.4 ± 1.6 years). We used a crossover design over two full years. The study examined changes in health knowledge and well-being through questionnaires. Overall health knowledge increased more in SG+ than SG over 10 weeks (6.6 vs. 3.4%, p < 0.05). The overall well-being scores were markedly improved (p < 0.05) by 4.54 ± 7.17 AU in SG+ and 4.51 ± 7.16 AU in SG, with no between-group differences. Specific improvements (p < 0.05) were seen in all well-being subcategories, raising the well-being scores to the national average. In conclusion, a 10-week stay at a Danish charity home, the Christmas Seal Home, markedly affected health knowledge and well-being of socially vulnerable children. When the football-based health education program-11 for Health-was added, there were additional positive effects on health knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine K Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Malte N Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristina Pfeffer
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- DRIVEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- DRIVEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- DRIVEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Zhang D, Shi L, Zhu X, Chen S, Liu Y. Effects of intervention integrating physical literacy into active school recesses on physical fitness and academic achievement in Chinese children. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:376-384. [PMID: 37927355 PMCID: PMC10624586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effects of school-based intervention integrating physical literacy (PL) into active school recesses (ASR) on physical fitness (i.e., body composition, 20-m shuttle run, 50-m run, rope skipping, sit and reach, handgrip) and academic achievement (i.e., academic result of Chinese and Mathematics) in Chinese children. Methods A total of 357 children (mean age: 7.8 ± 0.7 years; boys: 50.4%) were recruited from two schools and these two schools were randomly assigned as the intervention group (IG) and the control group (CG), respectively. The IG consisted of 155 children (mean age: 7.9 ± 0.7 years, boys: 51.0%), and 202 children (mean age: 7.8 ± 0.7 years; boys: 50%) were allocated to the CG. Children in the IG received a 10-week intervention integrating PL that was conducted during ASR. In the CG, children's regular school activity was remained during the intervention period. Generalized estimating equation was performed to compare the levels of physical fitness and academic achievement between the IG and the CG after intervention. Results Regarding physical fitness, there was a significant group × time interaction on 20-m shuttle run (β = -3.89, 95% CI [-5.08; -2.71], p < 0.001) and handgrip (β = -0.70, 95% CI [-1.20; -0.20], p = 0.006). After intervention, children in the IG had a greater increase than the CG (p < 0.001) in terms of 20-m shuttle run and handgrip. In addition, the post-test analysis indicated that performance of children in the IG was significantly greater than those in the CG (20-m shuttle run: p < 0.001, handgrip: p = 0.002). There was a significant group × time interaction on academic result of Chinese (β = -1.21, 95% CI [-1.91; -0.56], p = 0.001) and academic result of Mathematics (β = 16.71, 95% CI [15.14; 18.143], p < 0.001). Statistically significant positive difference in post-test was observed in academic result of Mathematics between the IG and the CG (p = 0.012). Conclusion The results of this intervention study indicate that intervention integrating PL into ASR could bring a promising effect on physical fitness and academic achievement in children. It is recommended that future studies are necessary to assess the effects of ASR-based PL intervention on physical and cognitive outcomes using a wide range of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Shanghai Teacher Education Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Education Institute of Yangpu District Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Ciria LF, Román-Caballero R, Vadillo MA, Holgado D, Luque-Casado A, Perakakis P, Sanabria D. An umbrella review of randomized control trials on the effects of physical exercise on cognition. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:928-941. [PMID: 36973359 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research links regular physical exercise to an overall enhancement of cognitive function across the lifespan. Here we assess the causal evidence supporting this relationship in the healthy population, using an umbrella review of meta-analyses limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Despite most of the 24 reviewed meta-analyses reporting a positive overall effect, our assessment reveals evidence of low statistical power in the primary RCTs, selective inclusion of studies, publication bias and large variation in combinations of pre-processing and analytic decisions. In addition, our meta-analysis of all the primary RCTs included in the revised meta-analyses shows small exercise-related benefits (d = 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.28) that became substantially smaller after accounting for key moderators (that is, active control and baseline differences; d = 0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.20), and negligible after correcting for publication bias (d = 0.05, 95% confidence interval -0.09 to 0.14). These findings suggest caution in claims and recommendations linking regular physical exercise to cognitive benefits in the healthy human population until more reliable causal evidence accumulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Ciria
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rafael Román-Caballero
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Vadillo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darias Holgado
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-Centre, Bâtiment Synathlon, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Pandelis Perakakis
- Department of Social, Work, and Differential Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanabria
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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4
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Skoradal MB, Olsen MH, Madsen M, Larsen MN, Mohr M, Krustrup P. "11 for Health" in the Faroe Islands: Popularity in schoolchildren aged 10-12 and the effect on well-being and health knowledge. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1010-1020. [PMID: 36773291 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the popularity of the "11 for Health program for Europe" for 10-12-year-old Faroese children and the effects on well-being and health knowledge. METHODS We applied a cluster-randomized controlled trial, including a total of 19 school clusters, randomized into intervention schools (IG, n = 12) and control schools (CG, n = 7). A total of 261 children (137 boys and 124 girls) participated. IG completed the 11-week program, consisting of 2 × 45 min weekly sessions with football drills, small-sided games, and health education. CG continued their regular education. Pre- and post-intervention, the participants completed a shortened version of the multidimensional well-being questionnaire KIDSCREEN-27 and a 34-item multiple-choice health knowledge questionnaire. RESULTS Between-group differences (p < 0.05) were observed in change scores for physical well-being and overall peers and social support in favor of IG compared with CG, as well as for physical well-being in IG girls compared with CG girls. Between-group differences in change score for overall health knowledge (11.8%, p < 0.001, ES: 0.82) were observed in favor of IG, as well as for playing football (8.9%, p = 0.039, ES: 0.24), be active (8.1%, p = 0.017, ES: 0.32), control your weight (18.5%, p < 0.001, ES: 0.52), wash your hands (19.5%, p < 0.001, ES: 0.59), eat a balanced diet (19.3%, p < 0.001, ES: 0.64), get fit (12.1%, p = 0.007, ES: 0.34), and think positive (5.5%, p = 0.039, ES: 0.22). The program was reported as enjoyable with equal moderate-to-high scores for girls (3.68 ± 1.23; ±SD) and boys (3.84 ± 1.17) on a 1-5 Likert Scale. CONCLUSION The "11 for Health program for Europe" improved physical well-being, peers, and social support and broad-spectrum health knowledge in 10-12-year-old Faroese schoolchildren and was rated popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Britt Skoradal
- Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Faroe Islands
| | - Maria Hammer Olsen
- Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Faroe Islands
| | - Mads Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Magni Mohr
- Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Faroe Islands.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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5
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Madsen EE, Krustrup P, Hansen T, Aggestrup CS, Ntoumanis N, Larsen CH, Pfeffer K, Ivarsson A, Ryom K, Larsen MN, Madsen M, Madsen JE, Elbe AM. Motivational predictors of children's involvement in out-of-school activities: An application of a football program. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:72-83. [PMID: 36111371 PMCID: PMC10087348 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The "11 for Health in Denmark" in-school educational football program has shown to have numerous positive physiological and psychological effects in 10- to 12-year-old schoolchildren. A key part of the successful application of the program, however, has not yet been examined, namely the motivational processes underlying participation and behavioral changes. This study examined such motivational processes (i.e., autonomous motivation, beliefs, and intentions) using the trans-contextual model (TCM) and investigated if the 11 for Health in Denmark program increased intentions to participate in physical activity (PA) outside of school in 10- to 12-year-old schoolchildren. Using a web-based questionnaire, Danish-speaking schoolchildren (N = 276 [boys, 50.4%]; Mage = 10.44, SD = 0.35) from three schools and seven classes completed TCM-based questionnaires at three time-points (weeks 0, 1, and 5) while participating in the 11 for Health in Denmark program. Single-indicator structural equation modeling was performed to examine goodness-of-fit and parameter estimates. A path analysis using maximum likelihood estimation was used to test the direct and indirect effects of the TCM model. The results partly supported a mediation sequence, as we found significant direct effects in eight of 13 motivational variables (β = -0.25-0.83, p < 0.05), indirect effects in one of nine variables (β = 0.15, p < 0.01), but no effects with regard to PA behavior. Findings provide evidence for a motivational link between Danish-speaking schoolchildren's autonomous and controlled motivation from in school to out of school, and may inform future interventions promoting motivation and participation in out of school PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben Elholm Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Sport Science, Institute of Sport Psychology and Physical Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Hansen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen, Department of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Centre for Motivation and Behavior Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Carsten Hvid Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristina Pfeffer
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Knud Ryom
- Department of Public Health, Section of Health Promotion and Global Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Anne-Marie Elbe
- Faculty of Sport Science, Institute of Sport Psychology and Physical Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Clemente FM, Moran J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Oliveira R, Brito J, Silva AF, Badicu G, Praça G, Sarmento H. Recreational Soccer Training Effects on Pediatric Populations Physical Fitness and Health: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1776. [PMID: 36421225 PMCID: PMC9689246 DOI: 10.3390/children9111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review analyzed the effects of recreational soccer programs on physical fitness and health-related outcomes in youth populations. Studies were sought in the following databases: (i) PubMed, (ii) Scopus, (iii) SPORTDiscus, and (iv) Web of Science. The eligibility criteria included (1) population: youth (<18 years old) populations with no restrictions on sex or health condition; (2) intervention: exposure to a recreational soccer training program of at least four weeks duration; (3) comparator: a passive or active control group not exposed to a recreational soccer training program; (4) outcomes: physical fitness (e.g., aerobic, strength, speed, and change-of-direction) or health-related measures (e.g., body composition, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and biomarkers); (5) study design: a randomized parallel group design. The search was conducted on 6 September 2022 with no restrictions as to date or language. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale for randomized controlled studies. From a pool of 37,235 potentially relevant articles, 17 were eligible for inclusion in this review. Most of the experimental studies revealed the beneficial effects of recreational soccer for improving aerobic fitness and its benefits in terms of blood pressure and heart-rate markers. However, body composition was not significantly improved by recreational soccer. The main results revealed that recreational soccer training programs that are implemented twice a week could improve the generality of physical fitness parameters and beneficially impact cardiovascular health and biomarkers. Thus, recreational soccer meets the conditions for being included in the physical education curriculum as a good strategy for the benefit of the general health of children and young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3WA, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500068 Brasov, Romania
| | - Gibson Praça
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3000-248 Coimbra, Portugal
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7
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Ludyga S, Gerber M, Kamijo K. Exercise types and working memory components during development. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:191-203. [PMID: 35031211 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Working memory is crucial to learning and academic success. Exercise has been found to benefit working memory in late life, but its effects during cognitive development are less clear. Building on findings that working memory is supported by the motor system, we highlight the sensitivity of different working memory components to acute and long-term exercise in children and adolescents. We also consider how the specific skill demands of endurance and coordinative exercise influence this sensitivity. Distinct effects of these exercise types are further linked with neurocognitive and neuroendocrine pathways. Our review suggests long-term rather than acute benefits of exercise for children and adolescents' working memory, which are more pronounced and specific for exercise with high coordinative demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
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8
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Meli AM, Ali A, Mhd Jalil AM, Mohd Yusof H, Tan MMC. Effects of Physical Activity and Micronutrients on Cognitive Performance in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 58:medicina58010057. [PMID: 35056365 PMCID: PMC8781636 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cognitive performance is essential for children, given this is a critical stage of brain growth and development. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain if physical activity or micronutrients impact cognitive performance in children. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus®) were searched for relevant articles published between 2012 and 2021. We emphasized randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of physical activity and micronutrients on cognitive performance. Data from eligible studies were gathered and evaluated using random-, fixed- or pooled-effects models with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Physical activity appeared to improve both Mathematics (d = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.56, 1.67) and attention (d = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.15, 1.14) performances. The micronutrient vitamin B12 had a positive effect on Mathematics (d = 2.39, 95% CI: 0.79, 3.98), English (d = 5.29, 95% CI: 2.76, 7.83), Geography (d = 5.29, 95% CI: 2.76, 7.83), Science (d = 3.39, 95% CI: 2.62, 4.16) and Arts (d = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.84, 4.79). Zinc was found to positively affect English (d = 3.78, 95% CI: 0.44, 7.13), Geography (d = 4.77, 95% CI: 0.56, 8.98) and Arts (d = 2.39, CI: 0.33, 4.45). Iron positively affected Mathematics (d = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.54, 2.06), English (d = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.44, 7.13), Geography (d = 4.77, 95% CI: 0.56, 8.98) and Arts (d = 2.39, 95% CI: 0.33, 4.45). Conclusions: A more comprehensive intervention with a specific dose/level of physical activity, an increased range of cognitive performance, and a well-designed study design that accounts for dietary intake and other health outcomes are required for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiah Munirah Meli
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia; (A.M.M.); (H.M.Y.)
| | - Asma’ Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia; (A.M.M.); (H.M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +609-6684969
| | - Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia;
| | - Hayati Mohd Yusof
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia; (A.M.M.); (H.M.Y.)
| | - Michelle M. C. Tan
- Global Public Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Monash University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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9
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Madsen EE, Krustrup P, Møller TK, Hansen T, Larsen MN, Madsen M, Hansen HK, Elbe AM, Larsen CH. Implementation facilitation of the "11 for Health in Denmark": A case study in a Danish 5 th grade class. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:152-164. [PMID: 34597433 PMCID: PMC9293193 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The “11 for Health in Denmark” concept aims to enhance 10–12‐year‐old schoolchildren's physical activity levels and health knowledge through an 11‐week football intervention and has been shown to induce positive effects in numerous areas. However, little is known about the implementation facilitation of this concept in schools. This case study therefore aims to gain a deeper understanding of the implementation facilitation of “11 for Health” in a Danish 5th grade class comprising 22 schoolchildren (12 boys and 10 girls, Mage 11.86±) and one teacher. Data were derived from multiple school situations using photographs and videos, observations, and informal interviews. Five themes were identified: (1) environmental and organizational factors impacting on the implementation; (2) familiarization with the concept for the teacher and schoolchildren; (3) previous clique formation; (4) the central role of the teacher; and (5) the importance of how praise partners are allocated. We found high adherence to the “11 for Health” concept, in which the teacher played a key role by applying an autonomy‐supportive style of teaching and using the praise partner concept in a suitable manner. A clique of football‐playing boys was a resource, as their praising of classmates encouraged adherence. However, familiarization with the “11 for Health” concept was a challenge and the clique's competitive nature occasionally built barriers to other schoolchildren without football experience, potentially leading to a more controlled form of motivation. Based on the results, we encourage teachers to apply autonomy‐supportive teaching when applying the “11 for Health” concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben Elholm Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Sport Science, Institute of Sport Psychology and Physical Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine Kjeldgaard Møller
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Hansen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen, Department of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Kruse Hansen
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Elbe
- Faculty of Sport Science, Institute of Sport Psychology and Physical Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Hvid Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Effect of classroom-based physical activity interventions on attention and on-task behavior in schoolchildren: A systematic review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:125-133. [PMID: 35784522 PMCID: PMC9219312 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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Larsen MN, Krustrup P, Araújo Póvoas SC, Castagna C. Accuracy and reliability of the InBody 270 multi-frequency body composition analyser in 10-12-year-old children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247362. [PMID: 33770106 PMCID: PMC7996997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was at examining the validity and reliability of a marketed bioimpedance (BIA) scale for body composition assessment, in children engaged in an educational football project (FIFA 11 for Health). One-hundred and twenty-seven children (70 boys and 57 girls; age 10.7±0.5 years, body mass 41.2±9.0 kg, Body mass index 18.5±3.3 kg·m-2 and stature 149±7 cm) were evaluated for total body mass, lean body mass, muscle mass, using BIA (InBody 270, Biospace, California, USA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Lunar Prodigy, GE Medical Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA), at baseline conditions. Data analyses were carried out separately for girls and boys. Nearly perfect associations (r = 0.97−0.99) and excellent absolute (TEM = 0.04−1.9%) and relative (ICC = 0.98−1.00) inter-device reliability were found between DEXA and BIA variables. Fat and lean body mass bias (p < .0001) were practically relevant both for the boys (2.56 and 11.22 kg, respectively) and the girls (2.33 and 10.49 kg, respectively). Muscle mass and body fat were underestimated and overestimated, respectively, for the boys and girls. InBody 270 is a valid BIA system for estimating body composition with an excellent inter-device relative and absolute reliability. However, the remarkable measurements bias of BIA fat and muscle mass values discourage its use for clinical prescription. The BIA body composition biases were sex dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai (SUS), China
| | - Susana Cristina Araújo Póvoas
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Carlo Castagna
- Technical Department, Fitness Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Football Federation, Coverciano, Florence, Italy
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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12
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Larsen MN, Elbe AM, Madsen M, Madsen EE, Ørntoft C, Ryom K, Dvorak J, Krustrup P. An 11-week school-based 'health education through football programme' improves health knowledge related to hygiene, nutrition, physical activity and well-being-and it's fun! A scaled-up, cluster-RCT with over 3000 Danish school children aged 10-12 years old. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:906-911. [PMID: 33509911 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesOur large-scale cluster randomised controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects on health knowledge and enjoyment of an 11 week 'health education through football' programme for children aged 10-12 years old. Methods 3127 Danish school children (49% girls) aged 10-12 years from a total of 154 schools located in 63% of the Danish municipalities (69 of 98) took part in the analysis. A 5:1 cluster randomisation was performed at school level for the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). The twice-weekly 45 min intervention was the '11 for Health in Denmark' programme, which includes health education, football drills and small-sided games. The health education element focused on hygiene, nutrition, physical activity and well-being. Outcomes: The participants completed a 34-item multiple-choice computer-based health knowledge questionnaire preintervention and postintervention. IG also evaluated whether the programme was enjoyable. Results Between-group differences (p<0.05) were observed in overall health knowledge in favour of IG (+7.2% points, 95% CI 6.1% to 8.4%, effect size, ES:0.59), with similar effects for girls (+7.4% points, 95% CI 5.9% to 9.0%, ES:0.57) and for boys (+7.0% points, 95% CI 5.3% to 8.7%, p<0.05, ES:0.51). Marked between-group differences were observed in favour of IG, for health knowledge related to hygiene (IG vs CG:+13.9% points, 95% CI 11.1% to 16.7%, ES:0.53), nutrition (+10.3% points, 95% CI 8.5% to 12.1%, ES:0.53), physical activity (+5.9% points, 95% CI 4.1% to 7.7%, ES:0.36) and well-being (+4.4% points, 95% CI 2.7% to 6.1%, ES:0.28). Both girls and boys gave the programme moderate to high scores for enjoyment (3.6±1.0 and 3.7±1.1, respectively). Conclusion Health education through sport, using the '11 for Health' model, was enjoyable for girls and boys aged 10-12 years old, and improved health knowledge related to hygiene, nutrition, physical activity and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Nejst Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinichal Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences, Odense M, Funen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Elbe
- Institute of Sport Psychology and Physical Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Mads Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinichal Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences, Odense M, Funen, Denmark
| | - Esben Elholm Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinichal Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences, Odense M, Funen, Denmark.,Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Hovedstaden, Denmark
| | | | - Knud Ryom
- Department of Public Health, Section of Health Promotion and Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Spine Unit, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinichal Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences, Odense M, Funen, Denmark
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13
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Thornton JS, Dvorak J, Asif I. Health education through football (soccer): the ‘11 for health’ programme as a success story on implementation: learn, play and have fun! Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:885-886. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Pedro Ángel LR, Beatriz BA, Jerónimo AV, Antonio PV. Effects of a 10-week active recess program in school setting on physical fitness, school aptitudes, creativity and cognitive flexibility in elementary school children. A randomised-controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1277-1286. [PMID: 33407022 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1864985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 10-week active recess programme in school setting on physical fitness, school aptitudes, creativity and cognitive flexibility in children. A total of 114 children (age range = 8-12 years old, 47.3% girls) participated in this study. The students were randomly assigned to two groups, experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG performed a programme of physical exercise at moderate to vigorous intensity with cognitive engagement for 10 weeks, three times a week. Physical fitness, school aptitudes, creativity, and cognitive flexibility were tested. Non-significant differences were found in physical fitness (both pre-test and post-test) between groups. The EG experienced significant improvements in all school aptitudes, creativity and cognitive flexibility (TMT test). In addition, the EG showed greater increase (p<0.05) than the CG in all variables of school aptitudes (p<0.01), creativity (p<0.001) and cognitive flexibility (p<0.05). Significant correlation between ∆ TMT-B and ∆ V.O2max (r=-0.289, p=0.031) was found. In conclusion, active recess based on high intensity training can be a proper tool to improve some cognitive skills, such as school aptitudes, creativity, and cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Berrios-Aguayo Beatriz
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Aragón-Vela Jerónimo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports(NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pantoja-Vallejo Antonio
- Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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15
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Abstract
First, executive functions are defined. Then the development of executive functions in children, from infancy to 10-11 years of age, is briefly described. The relation between the speed of processing and the development of executive functions is addressed. Finally, tools and pointers for evaluating executive functioning in younger and older children are discussed. A cautionary note is sounded, in that almost no executive function measure requires only one executive function. A child might fail a working memory task because of problems with inhibitory control (not working memory), fail an inhibitory control task because of working memory problems, or fail a cognitive flexibility, planning, or reasoning task because of problems with inhibitory control or working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Diamond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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16
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Sjöwall D, Thorell LB, Mandic M, Westerståhl M. No effects of a long-term physical activity intervention on executive functioning among adolescents. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119880734. [PMID: 31632675 PMCID: PMC6778986 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119880734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We investigated whether a school-based physical activity intervention would lead to improvements in working memory, inhibition and cognitive flexibility in adolescents aged 13–15 years. Methods: The adolescents at the active school (n = 108) participated in an intervention that included increased physical activity for 20 min/day, focused on aerobic activity with low cognitive demands for an entire school year. The adolescents at the control school (n = 59) received no extra physical activity. At the beginning (baseline) and end (follow-up) of the school year, the participants performed tests of executive function (working memory, inhibition and cognitive flexibility) and performed tests of physical fitness and health. Results: There was no change in executive functioning at follow-up when comparing the schools. However, only 46% complied with the intervention. When non-compliers were excluded from the analyses, the results remained the same, except for a small but significant increase in working memory for the active school as compared to the control school. Conclusion: These results indicate that compliance with the intervention was low and that aerobic exercise with low cognitive load does not produce improvements in executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Sjöwall
- The Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Habilitation and Health, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa B Thorell
- The Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirko Mandic
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Westerståhl
- Habilitation and Health, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Dental Trauma First-Aid Knowledge and Attitudes of Physical Education Teachers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature with Meta-Regressions. EDUCATION SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/educsci9040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present review is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of physical education (PE) teachers concerning dental trauma first-aid through a systematic appraisal of the literature, meta-analysis and meta-regressions. The entire content of PubMed and ISI/Web of Science was mined. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies were studies evaluating dental trauma first-aid knowledge and/or attitudes and/or the effectiveness of mouthguards use by PE teachers. Articles written in any language and published or accepted by peer-reviewed journals were considered. Methodological quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Downs and Black instrument. Of 15 selected articles, three were of strong quality, three were moderate, and the remaining nine were rated as weak. The majority of studies showed that PE teachers had an inadequate knowledge of the initial management of dental trauma. Specifically, there was a lack of knowledge concerning an appropriate washing and transporting medium and the extra-alveolar period of an avulsed tooth. Due to the inadequate knowledge of PE teachers regarding dental trauma management, specific education should be added to PE classes to improve the emergency treatment of dental injuries.
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18
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Lind RR, Beck MM, Wikman J, Malarski K, Krustrup P, Lundbye‐Jensen J, Geertsen SS. Acute high-intensity football games can improve children's inhibitory control and neurophysiological measures of attention. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1546-1562. [PMID: 31125468 PMCID: PMC6852517 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that a single bout of exercise can lead to transient performance improvements in specific cognitive domains in children. However, more knowledge is needed to determine the key exercise characteristics for obtaining these effects and how they translate into real-world settings. In the present study, we investigate how small-sided football games of either high- or moderate-intensity affect measures of inhibitory control in a school setting. Eighty-one children (mean age 11.8, 48 boys) were randomly allocated to three groups performing 20-minute of high-intensity small-sided real football games (SRF), moderate-intensity small-sided walking football games (SWF) or resting (RF). Behavioral measures of inhibitory control and neurophysiological measures of attention (P300 latency and amplitude) were obtained during a flanker task performed at baseline and 20 minutes following the intervention. Retention of declarative memory was assessed in a visual memory task 7 days after the intervention. Measures of inhibitory control improved more in children performing SRF compared to SWF 19 ms, 95% CI [7, 31 ms] (P = 0.041). This was paralleled by larger increases in P300 amplitudes at Fz in children performing SRF compared both to RF in congruent (3.54 μV, 95% CI [0.85, 6.23 μV], P = 0.039) and incongruent trials (5.56 μV, 95% CI [2.87, 8.25 μV], P < 0.001) and compared to SWF in incongruent trials (4.10 μV, 95% CI [1.41, 6.68 μV], P = 0.010). No effects were found in measures of declarative memory. Together this indicates that acute high-intensity small-sided football games can transiently improve measures of inhibitory control and neurophysiological correlates of attention. Intense small-sided football games are easily implementable and can be employed by practitioners, for example, during breaks throughout the school day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Rasmussen Lind
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mikkel Malling Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Johan Wikman
- Center of research on Welfare, Health and Sport (CVHI)Halmstad UniversityHalmstadSweden
| | - Krzysztof Malarski
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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19
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Wassenaar TM, Wheatley CM, Beale N, Salvan P, Meaney A, Possee JB, Atherton KE, Duda JL, Dawes H, Johansen-Berg H. Effects of a programme of vigorous physical activity during secondary school physical education on academic performance, fitness, cognition, mental health and the brain of adolescents (Fit to Study): study protocol for a cluster-randomised trial. Trials 2019; 20:189. [PMID: 30940164 PMCID: PMC6444886 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early adolescence is a period of dynamic neurobiological change. Converging lines of research suggest that regular physical activity (PA) and improved aerobic fitness have the potential to stimulate positive brain changes, improve cognitive function and boost academic attainment in this age group, but high-quality studies are needed to substantiate these findings. The primary aim of the Fit to Study trial is to investigate whether short infusions of vigorous PA (VPA) delivered during secondary school physical education (PE) can improve attainment in maths, as described in a protocol published by NatCen Social Research. The present protocol concerns the trial's secondary outcome measures, which are variables thought to moderate or mediate the relationship between PA and attainment, including the effect of the intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness, cognitive performance, mental health and brain structure and function. METHOD The Fit to Study project is a cluster-randomised controlled trial that includes Year 8 pupils (aged 12-13) from secondary state schools in South/Mid-England. Schools were randomised into an intervention condition in which PE teachers delivered an additional 10 min of VPA per PE lesson for one academic year, or a 'PE as usual' control condition. Intervention and control groups were stratified according to whether schools were single-sex or co-educational. Assessments take place at baseline (end of Year 7, aged 11-12) and after 12 months (Year 8). Secondary outcomes are cardiorespiratory fitness, objective PA during PE, cognitive performance and mental health. The study also includes exploratory measures of daytime sleepiness, attitudes towards daily PA and PE enjoyment. A sub-set of pupils from a sub-set of schools will also take part in a brain imaging sub-study, which is embedded in the trial. DISCUSSION The Fit to Study trial could advance our understanding of the complex relationships between PA and aerobic fitness, the brain, cognitive performance, mental health and academic attainment during adolescence. Further, it will add to our understanding of whether school PE is an effective setting to increase VPA and fitness, which could inform future PA interventions and education policy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03286725 . Retrospectively registered on 18 September 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03593863 . Retrospectively registered on 19 July 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Wassenaar
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - C. M. Wheatley
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - N. Beale
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP UK
| | - P. Salvan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - A. Meaney
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP UK
| | - J. B. Possee
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP UK
| | - K. E. Atherton
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - J. L. Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - H. Dawes
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP UK
| | - H. Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
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20
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Weber-Spickschen TS, Bischoff S, Horstmann H, Winkelmann M, Mommsen P, Panzica M, Krettek C, Kerling A. [Injury prevention in amateur football with FIFA 11+ : What is implemented on the football pitch?]. Unfallchirurg 2018; 121:463-469. [PMID: 29654512 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-018-0499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The warm-up and injury prevention program FIFA 11+ was developed to reduce injuries in recreational and amateur level football. Despite systematic education it is uncertain what amount of knowledge is passed down to the lower recreational level football players and what exercises are implemented in the daily routine. This study presents the summarized experiences of German coaches about the implementation of exercises on the football pitch. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study 142 coaches who participated in 1 (of 5) of the 2‑day courses between 2013 and 2017 were sent a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions, which were developed by the football union of Lower Saxony. Incomplete questionnaires were excluded from the study. RESULTS A total of 121 questionnaires could be analyzed, which is a response rate of 85.2%. The mean time period between the 2‑day training and answering the questionnaire was 29 months. Of the participating coaches 82.6% indicated that they use the program regularly (22% of the coaches use it twice a week or more frequently, 34% use it only once a week) and 6% of the coaches use additional programs to prevent injuries. A total of 86% of the participants believed in a reduction in the incidence of injuries induced by the FIFA 11+ concept, 89% of the participants rated the FIFA 11+ program as good ors very good, 91% rated the teaching concept as good or very good and 94% of the participants would recommend the 2‑day advanced course to others. DISCUSSION The prevention program as well as the advanced training concept were evaluated very positively. Most coaches use the program regularly. Nevertheless, many coaches use the FIFA 11+ exercises less than the recommended twice a week. Most coaches praised the good structure of the program, but also wished for the possibility of variations. CONCLUSION The prevention program FIFA 11+ is seen by coaches in recreational and amateur football as an effective tool to prevent injury. Implementation on the football pitch is regular but not as frequent as the evidence-based recommendations in the training concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Weber-Spickschen
- Sportmedizinisches Institut, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
- Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - S Bischoff
- Sportmedizinisches Institut, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - H Horstmann
- Sportmedizinisches Institut, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - M Winkelmann
- Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - P Mommsen
- Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - M Panzica
- Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - C Krettek
- Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - A Kerling
- Sportmedizinisches Institut, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
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