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Ho BC, Barry AB, Koeppel JA, Macleod J, Boyd A, David A, O’Leary DS. Recreational Marijuana Use, Adolescent Cognitive Development, and Schizophrenia Susceptibility. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:222-232. [PMID: 37124347 PMCID: PMC10140454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated how low marijuana (MJ) use levels, the typical use pattern in most adolescent users, affect cognitive maturation and schizophrenia risk. Methods In two complementary adolescent samples where the majority reported minimal MJ use, we compared cognitive performances before and after MJ use initiation. The Iowa sample (40 first-degree relatives and 54 second-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and 117 control subjects with no schizophrenia family history) underwent a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests at 0, 18, and 36 months. Based on self-administered Timeline Followback interviews, 26.5% of adolescents had emergent MJ use (eMJ) during follow-up. The second sample (n = 3463), derived from a birth cohort, received substance use and sustained attention assessments between ages 10 and 15 years. Mixed linear models and regression analyses tested the effects of eMJ on longitudinal changes in cognitive performance. Results In the Iowa sample, longitudinal changes in 5 of 8 cognitive domains were significantly associated with eMJ. On sustained attention, visuospatial working memory, and executive sequencing, adolescents with eMJ showed less age-expected improved performance. In addition, first-degree relatives with eMJ were less improved on processing speed and executive reasoning than first-degree relatives without eMJ. In the birth cohort, greater intraindividual variability in reaction times (indicative of poorer sustained attention) was significantly associated with more frequent MJ use and with recreational use levels. Conclusions Nonheavy MJ use disrupts normal adolescent maturation and compounds aberrant adolescent maturation associated with familial schizophrenia risk. These findings underscore the importance of reducing adolescent MJ access in the context of increased availability to high-potency MJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amy B. Barry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Julie A. Koeppel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John Macleod
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Boyd
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony David
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S. O’Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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Relationship between subjective report and objective assessment of neurocognitive functioning in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:266-273. [PMID: 35469588 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are at increased risk for cognitive dysfunction. Considering the impact and potential ramifications of cognitive dysfunction, it is important that cognition is routinely assessed in PwMS. Thus, it is also important to identify a screener that is accurate and sensitive to MS-related cognitive difficulties, which can inform decisions for more resource-intensive neuropsychological testing. However, research focused on available self-report screeners has been mixed, such as with the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ). This study aims to clarify the relationship between subjective and objective assessment of cognitive functioning in MS by examining domain-specific performance and intraindividual variability (IIV). METHODS 87 PwMS (F = 65, M = 22) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery which included self- and informant-report measures of neurocognitive functioning. Scores were examined in relation to mean performance on five domains of cognitive functioning and two measures of IIV. RESULTS The MSNQ-Self was inversely associated with executive function, verbal memory, and visual memory; it was not associated with IIV. The MSNQ-Informant was inversely associated with executive function and verbal memory, and positively associated with one measure of IIV. The MSNQ-Self showed a correlation of moderate effect size with depression (r = .39) while the MSNQ-Informant did not. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the MSNQ-Self and MSNQ-Informant show similar utility. Our findings also suggest that domains of executive function and memory may be most salient, thus more reflected in subjective reports of cognitive functioning. Future work should further examine the impact of mood disturbance with cognitive performance and IIV.
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Moore RC, Henneghan AM. Examining Individual Differences in the Within-Person Process of Perceived Stress and Cognitive Functioning to Advance Precision Health: Commentary on "Sex Differences in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Cognitive Trajectories" by Paolillo et al. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:411-414. [PMID: 36801159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raeanne C Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (RCM), La Jolla, CA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) and healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated on cognitive variability indices and we examined the relationship between fatigue and cognitive variability between these groups. Intraindividual variability (IIV) on a neuropsychological test battery was hypothesized to mediate the group differences expected in fatigue. METHOD Fifty-nine PwMS and 51 HCs completed a psychosocial interview and battery of neuropsychological tests and questionnaires during a 1-day visit. Fatigue in this study was measured with the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), a self-report multidimensional measure of fatigue. IIV was operationalized using two different measures, a maximum discrepancy score (MDS) and intraindividual standard deviation (ISD), in two cognitive domains, memory and attention/processing speed. Two mediation analyses with group (PwMS or HCs) as the independent variable, variability composite (memory or attention/processing speed) measures as the mediators, total residual fatigue (after accounting for age) as the outcome, and depression as a covariate were conducted. The Baron and Kenny approach to testing mediation and the PROCESS macro for testing the strength of the indirect effect were used. RESULTS Results of a mediation analysis using 5000 bootstrap samples indicated that IIV in domains of both attention/processing speed and memory significantly mediated the effect of patient status on total residual fatigue. CONCLUSION IIV is an objective performance measure that is related to differences in fatigue impact between PwMS and HCs. PwMS experience more variability across tests of attention/processing speed and memory and this experience of variable performance may increase the impact of fatigue.
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Stanitsa E, Economou A, Beratis I, Kontaxopoulou D, Fragkiadaki S, Papastefanopoulou V, Pavlou D, Papantoniou P, Kroupis C, Papatriantafyllou J, Stefanis L, Yannis G, Papageorgiou SG. Effect of Apolipoprotein E4 on the Driving Behavior of Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment or Mild Alzheimer's Disease Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1005-1014. [PMID: 34602476 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The driving behavior of patients with mild Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is frequently characterized by errors. A genetic factor affecting cognition is apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), with carriers of APOE4 showing greater episodic memory impairment than non-carriers. However, differences in the driving performance of the two groups have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To compare driving performance in APOE4 carriers and matched non-carriers. METHODS Fourteen APOE4 carriers and 14 non-carriers with amnestic MCI or mild ADD underwent detailed medical and neuropsychological assessment and participated in a driving simulation experiment, involving driving in moderate and high traffic volume in a rural environment. Driving measures were speed, lateral position, headway distance and their SDs, and reaction time. APOE was genotyped through plasma samples. RESULTS Mixed two-way ANOVAs examining traffic volume and APOE4 status showed a significant effect of traffic volume on all driving variables, but a significant effect of APOE4 on speed variability only. APOE4 carriers were less variable in their speed than non-carriers; this remained significant after a Bonferroni correction. To further examine variability in the driving performance, coefficients of variation (COV) were computed. Larger headway distance COV and smaller lateral position COV were observed in high compared to moderate traffic. APOE4 carriers had smaller speed COV compared to non-carriers. CONCLUSION The lower speed variability of APOE4 carriers in the absence of neuropsychological test differences indicates reduced speed adaptations, possibly as a compensatory strategy. Simulated driving may be a sensitive method for detecting performance differences in the absence of cognitive differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Stanitsa
- 1st Department of Neurology, Memory, Cognitive Disorders and Rare Dementias Outpatient Unit, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Economou
- Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ion Beratis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Memory, Cognitive Disorders and Rare Dementias Outpatient Unit, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysia Kontaxopoulou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Memory, Cognitive Disorders and Rare Dementias Outpatient Unit, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Fragkiadaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Memory, Cognitive Disorders and Rare Dementias Outpatient Unit, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vicky Papastefanopoulou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Pavlou
- Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Papantoniou
- Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John Papatriantafyllou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Memory, Cognitive Disorders and Rare Dementias Outpatient Unit, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginiteio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Yannis
- Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Memory, Cognitive Disorders and Rare Dementias Outpatient Unit, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Elevated Intraindividual Variability in Executive Functions and Associations with White Matter Microstructure in Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2021; 27:305-314. [PMID: 32967755 PMCID: PMC8462939 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617720000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether intraindividual variability (IIV) across tests of executive functions (EF-IIV) is elevated in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) relative to military controls (MCs) without a history of mTBI. We also explored relationships among EF-IIV, white matter microstructure, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. METHOD A total of 77 Veterans (mTBI = 43, MCs = 34) completed neuropsychological testing, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and PTSD symptom ratings. EF-IIV was calculated as the standard deviation across six tests of EF, along with an EF-Mean composite. DSI Studio connectometry analysis identified white matter tracts significantly associated with EF-IIV according to generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA). RESULTS After adjusting for EF-Mean and PTSD symptoms, the mTBI group showed significantly higher EF-IIV than MCs. Groups did not differ on EF-Mean after adjusting for PTSD symptoms. Across groups, PTSD symptoms significantly negatively correlated with EF-Mean, but not with EF-IIV. EF-IIV significantly negatively correlated with GFA in multiple white matter pathways connecting frontal and more posterior regions. CONCLUSIONS Veterans with mTBI demonstrated significantly greater IIV across EF tests compared to MCs, even after adjusting for mean group differences on those measures as well as PTSD severity. Findings suggest that, in contrast to analyses that explore effects of mean performance across tests, discrepancy analyses may capture unique variance in neuropsychological performance and more sensitively capture cognitive disruption in Veterans with mTBI histories. Importantly, findings show that EF-IIV is negatively associated with the microstructure of white matter pathways interconnecting cortical regions that mediate executive function and attentional processes.
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Haft SL, Kepinska O, Caballero JN, Carreiras M, Hoeft F. Attentional Fluctuations, Cognitive Flexibility, and Bilingualism in Kindergarteners. Behav Sci (Basel) 2019; 9:E58. [PMID: 31137651 PMCID: PMC6562579 DOI: 10.3390/bs9050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of a bilingual advantage in aspects of cognitive control-including cognitive flexibility, inhibition, working memory, and attention-is disputed. Using a sample of kindergarten children, the present study investigated associations between bilingualism and cognitive flexibility-a relationship that has shown mixed findings in prior literature. We also extend prior work by exploring relationships between bilingualism and attentional fluctuations, which represent consistency in attentional control and contribute to cognitive performance. To our knowledge, no previous study has explored this association. Theoretically, attentional fluctuations might mediate or moderate the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive flexibility. However, given evidence of null findings from extant literature when confounding variables are adequately controlled and tasks are standardized, we did not expect to find a bilingual advantage in either cognitive flexibility or attentional fluctuations. Our results supported this hypothesis when considering bilingualism both continuously and categorically. The importance of expanding upon mechanistic accounts connecting bilingualism to cognitive improvements is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Haft
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
| | - Olga Kepinska
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jocelyn N Caballero
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Manuel Carreiras
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain, and Language (BCBL), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 69, 20009 Donostia, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 6 Solairua, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
- Departamento de Lengua Vasca y Comunicación, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- Brain Imaging Research Center (BIRC), Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences (IBaCS), Departments of Psychological Sciences, Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, 850 Bolton Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St #900, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Isbell E, Calkins SD, Swingler MM, Leerkes EM. Attentional fluctuations in preschoolers: Direct and indirect relations with task accuracy, academic readiness, and school performance. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 167:388-403. [PMID: 29274944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Attentional control fluctuates in the presence of internal and external distractors, wandering on and off a given task. The current study investigated individual differences in attentional fluctuations in 250 preschoolers. Attentional fluctuations were assessed via intra-individual variability in response time in a Go/No-Go task. Greater fluctuations in attentional control were linked to lower task accuracy. In addition, greater attentional fluctuations predicted lower performance in a task of cognitive flexibility, the Dimensional Change Card Sort task. Attentional fluctuations were also associated with laboratory measures of academic readiness in preschool, as assessed by the Applied Problems and Letter-Word Identification subscales of the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement, which in turn predicted teacher reports of academic performance in first grade. Attentional fluctuations also had indirect associations with emergent math skills in preschool, via cognitive flexibility, as well as indirect associations with first-grade teacher reports of academic performance, via the relations between cognitive flexibility and emergent math skills in preschool. These results suggest that consistency is an important aspect of attentional control during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Isbell
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Susan D Calkins
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Margaret M Swingler
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Esther M Leerkes
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
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Lukito SD, O'Daly OG, Lythgoe DJ, Whitwell S, Debnam A, Murphy CM, Ashwood K, Stoencheva V, Simonoff E, Rubia K. Neural Correlates of Duration Discrimination in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbid Presentation. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:569. [PMID: 30487760 PMCID: PMC6246684 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occur and share neurocognitive deficits. One such shared impairment is in duration discrimination. However, no studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have investigated whether these duration discrimination deficits are underpinned by the same or different underlying neurofunctional processes. In this study, we used fMRI to compare the neurofunctional correlates of duration discrimination between young adult males with ASD (n = 23), ADHD (n = 25), the comorbid condition of ASD+ADHD (n = 24), and typical development (TD, n = 26) using both region of interest (ROI) and whole brain analyses. Both the ROI and the whole-brain analyses showed that the comorbid ASD+ADHD group compared to controls, and for the ROI analysis relative to the other patient groups, had significant under-activation in right inferior frontal cortex (IFG) a key region for duration discrimination that is typically under-activated in boys with ADHD. The findings show that in young adult males with pure ASD, pure ADHD and comorbid ASD+ADHD with no intellectual disability, only the comorbid group demonstrates neurofunctional deficits in a typical duration discrimination region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve D. Lukito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen G. O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susannah Whitwell
- The Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder National Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Debnam
- The Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder National Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clodagh M. Murphy
- The Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder National Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Ashwood
- The Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder National Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimira Stoencheva
- The Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder National Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Haynes BI, Kliegel M, Zimprich D, Bunce D. Intraindividual reaction time variability predicts prospective memory failures in older adults. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2016; 25:132-145. [PMID: 28002991 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2016.1268674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between intraindividual variability (IIV) in reaction time and prospective memory errors in older adults using data from the Zurich Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Aging (n = 336 individuals aged 66-81 years). The results indicated that increased IIV measured from independent tasks was associated with a greater proportion of prospective memory errors. These significant findings were not influenced by age and did not vary according to prospective memory cue type. Variability is thought to reflect fluctuations in attentional and executive control and these attentional processes may also impact on prospective memory through failure to detect the target cue. The findings suggest, therefore, that measures of variability may have some potential in the identification of older persons who are more vulnerable to everyday errors such as prospective memory failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Haynes
- a School of Psychology , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - M Kliegel
- b Department of Psychology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - D Zimprich
- c Department of Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education , Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - D Bunce
- a School of Psychology , University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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