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Ghandchi A, Golbabaei S, Borhani K. Effects of two different social exclusion paradigms on ambiguous facial emotion recognition. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:296-314. [PMID: 38678446 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2285862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Social exclusion is an emotionally painful experience that leads to various alterations in socio-emotional processing. The perceptual and emotional consequences that may arise from experiencing social exclusion can vary depending on the paradigm used to manipulate it. Exclusion paradigms can vary in terms of the severity and duration of the leading exclusion experience, thereby classifying it as either a short-term or long-term experience. The present study aimed to study the impact of exclusion on socio-emotional processing using different paradigms that caused experiencing short-term and imagining long-term exclusion. Ambiguous facial emotions were used as socio-emotional cues. In study 1, the Ostracism Online paradigm was used to manipulate short-term exclusion. In study 2, a new sample of participants imagined long-term exclusion through the future life alone paradigm. Participants of both studies then completed a facial emotion recognition task consisting of morphed ambiguous facial emotions. By means of Point of Subjective Equivalence analyses, our results indicate that the experience of short-term exclusion hinders recognising happy facial expressions. In contrast, imagining long-term exclusion causes difficulties in recognising sad facial expressions. These findings extend the current literature, suggesting that not all social exclusion paradigms affect socio-emotional processing similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Ghandchi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroosh Golbabaei
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatereh Borhani
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Peters A, Helming H, Bruchmann M, Wiegandt A, Straube T, Schindler S. How and when social evaluative feedback is processed in the brain: A systematic review on ERP studies. Cortex 2024; 173:187-207. [PMID: 38422855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Social evaluative feedback informs the receiver of the other's views, which may contain judgments of personality-related traits and/or the level of likability. Such kinds of social evaluative feedback are of particular importance to humans. Event-related potentials (ERPs) can directly measure where in the processing stream feedback valence, expectancy, or contextual relevance modulate information processing. This review provides an overview and systematization of studies and early, mid-latency, and late ERP effects. Early effects were inconsistently reported for all factors. Feedback valence effects are more consistently reported for specific mid-latency ERPs (Reward Positivity, RewP, and Early Posterior Negativity, EPN) and late positivities (P3 and Late Positive Potential, LPP). Unexpected feedback consistently increased the Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) and, less consistently, decreased P3 amplitudes. Contextual relevance of the sender (e.g., human vs computer sender) or self-relatedness increased mid-latency to late ERPs. Interactions between valence and other factors were less often found, arising during mid-latency stages, where most consistent interactions showed larger EPN and P3 amplitude differences for valent feedback in a more relevant context. The ERP findings highlight that social evaluative feedback is consistently differentiated during mid-latency processing stages. The review discusses the relevance of findings, possible shortcomings of different experimental designs, and open questions. Furthermore, we suggest concrete venues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Peters
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Hanne Helming
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Anja Wiegandt
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany.
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3
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Mermier J, Quadrelli E, Bulf H, Turati C. Ostracism modulates children's recognition of emotional facial expressions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287106. [PMID: 37319141 PMCID: PMC10270353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ostracism has been shown to induce considerable physiological, behavioral and cognitive changes in adults. Previous research demonstrated its effects on children's cognitive and behavioral abilities, but less is known about its impact on their capacity to recognize subtle variations in social cues. The present study aimed at investigating whether social manipulations of inclusion and ostracism modulate emotion recognition abilities in children, and whether this modulation varies across childhood. To do so, 5- and 10-year-old children participated in a computer-based ball tossing game called Cyberball during which they were either included or ostracized. Then, they completed a facial emotion recognition task in which they were required to identify neutral facial expressions, or varying levels of intensity of angry and fearful facial expressions. Results indicated lower misidentification rates for children who were previously ostracized as compared to children who were previously included, both at 5 and 10 years of age. Moreover, when looking at children's accuracy and sensitivity to facial expressions, 5-year-olds' decoding abilities were affected by the social manipulation, while no difference between included and ostracized participants was observed for 10-year-olds. In particular, included and ostracized 10-year-old children as well as ostracized 5-year-olds showed higher accuracy and sensitivity for expressions of fear as compared to anger, while no such difference was observed for included 5-year-olds. Overall, the current study presents evidence that Cyberball-induced inclusion and ostracism modulate children's recognition of emotional faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mermier
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ermanno Quadrelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Hermann Bulf
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Turati
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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4
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Pizarro-Campagna E, Terrett G, Jovev M, Rendell PG, Henry JD, Chanen AM. Cognitive Reappraisal Impairs Negative Affect Regulation in the Context of Social Rejection for Youth With Early-Stage Borderline Personality Disorder. J Pers Disord 2023; 37:156-176. [PMID: 37002936 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2023.37.2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Application of emotion regulation strategies might be susceptible to the context of social rejection for individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study compared the ability of 27 outpatient youths (15-25 years old) with early-stage BPD and 37 healthy controls (HC) to apply expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal in standard and socially rejecting laboratory contexts. BPD youths were largely as able as HCs to regulate negative affect across instruction and contexts. However, cognitive reappraisal in the context of social rejection heightened BPD negative facial expression relative to HCs. Thus, while BPD emotion regulation ability was largely normative, cognitive reappraisal might be ineffective in the context of social rejection for this group, with social rejection acting as an accelerant that heightens the expression of negative affect. Given the common experience of perceived and actual social rejection for this group, clinicians should carefully consider treatments that include cognitive reappraisal strategies because they might be contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gill Terrett
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martina Jovev
- Orygen, Parkville Victoria, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Rendell
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew M Chanen
- Orygen, Parkville Victoria, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Australia
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5
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Li X, Vuoriainen E, Xu Q, Astikainen P. The effect of sad mood on early sensory event-related potentials to task-irrelevant faces. Biol Psychol 2023; 178:108531. [PMID: 36871812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that the perceiver's mood affects the perception of emotional faces, but it is not known how mood affects preattentive brain responses to emotional facial expressions. To examine the question, we experimentally induced sad and neutral mood in healthy adults before presenting them with task-irrelevant pictures of faces while an electroencephalography was recorded. Sad, happy, and neutral faces were presented to the participants in an ignore oddball condition. Differential responses (emotional - neutral) for the P1, N170, and P2 amplitudes were extracted and compared between neutral and sad mood conditions. Emotional facial expressions modulated all the components, and an interaction effect of expression by mood was found for P1: an emotional modulation to happy faces, which was found in neutral mood condition, disappeared in sad mood condition. For N170 and P2, we found larger response amplitudes for both emotional faces, regardless of the mood. The results add to the previous behavioral findings showing that mood already affects low-level cortical feature encoding of task-irrelevant faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiao Li
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Elisa Vuoriainen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences / Psychology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Qianru Xu
- Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Piia Astikainen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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6
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Sex differences in the effects of threats on self-face recognition in social and natural scenes. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Brandenburg JC, Albohn DN, Bernstein MJ, Soto JA, Hess U, Adams RB. Facing social exclusion: a facial EMG examination of the reaffiliative function of smiling. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:741-749. [PMID: 35175173 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2041404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Social exclusion influences how expressions are perceived and the tendency of the perceiver to mimic them. However, less is known about social exclusion's effect on one's own facial expressions. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of social exclusion on Duchenne smiling behaviour, defined as activity of both zygomaticus major and the orbicularis oculi muscles. Utilising a within-subject's design, participants took part in the Cyberball Task in which they were both included and excluded while facial electromyography was measured. We found that during the active experience of social exclusion, participants showed greater orbicularis oculi activation when compared to the social inclusion condition. Further, we found that across both conditions, participants showed greater zygomaticus major muscle activation the longer they engaged in the Cyberball Task. Order of condition also mattered, with those who experienced social exclusion before social inclusion showing the greatest overall muscle activation. These results are consistent with an affiliative function of smiling, particularly as social exclusion engaged activation of muscles associated with a Duchenne smile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Brandenburg
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Daniel N Albohn
- Booth School of Business, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, Abington, PA, USA
| | - Jose A Soto
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ursula Hess
- Department of Psychology, The Humbodlt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reginald B Adams
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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8
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Fischer P, Jakobsen KV. Witnessed inclusion improves identification of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 40:254-270. [PMID: 35048401 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Social exclusion threatens a person's need to belong and prompts them to behave in ways that often facilitate reaffiliation. For adults, direct exclusion increases attention to social information and facial cues, including an enhanced identification of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles. Furthermore, inclusion can buffer or mitigate the effects of exclusion. This study investigated children's (N = 44) and adults' (N = 52) sensitivity to perceptual changes in smiles following witnessed inclusion and exclusion and inclusion's mitigating and buffering effects on perceptual abilities. Contrary to our predictions, participants in our study demonstrated improved accuracy after witnessing inclusion, rather than exclusion, and showed no buffering or mitigating effects of inclusion. This contradiction with previous findings points to a further need to explore the effects of witnessed versus direct inclusion and exclusion, especially if witnessed inclusion and exclusion have the ability to impact perception and shape our behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Fischer
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
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9
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Zhu M, Qian H, Zhang P, Gao X. Perceiving faces through reconnection-colored glasses after social exclusion: Evidence from N100. Scand J Psychol 2021; 63:64-71. [PMID: 34514611 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Social exclusion motivates individuals to selectively reconnect with others, in which face categorization plays an important role. However, it remains unknown how reconnection possibility interacts with perception at the very early stage of face categorization. To address this issue, after social exclusion or social inclusion priming, participants were instructed to select one person from two gender-matched strangers as a future "coworker" (with high reconnection possibility; the left one is a future "stranger," with low reconnection possibility) for another ostensible task, and then complete an orientation judgment task of self-face, coworker face and stranger face, with event-related brain potential (ERP) recordings. Results showed that excluded participants produced larger N100 to future coworker face than to stranger face, but no such difference was found among included participants. Compared with included participants, excluded participants produced significantly larger N100 to future coworker face. Moreover, N100 elicited by future coworker face was significantly negatively correlated with rating scores of exclusion only for social excluded participants. These findings indicate that social reconnection desire may contribute to the biased face perception which facilitates face categorization of socially excluded people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Social Work and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyue Qian
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Gao
- Academic Affairs Office, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Shao L, Dong Y, Zhang D. Effects of security on social trust among Chinese adults: Roles of life satisfaction and ostracism. The Journal of Social Psychology 2021; 161:560-569. [PMID: 33407041 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2020.1871312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to explore the effect of security on social trust and the roles of life satisfaction and ostracism among Chinese adults. Toward this end, the study recruited 1,206 Chinese adults to complete the Security Questionnaire, Social Trust Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Ostracism Experiences Scale. Results show that (a) security is positively correlated with social trust among Chinese adults, (b) life satisfaction partially mediates the effect of security on social trust, and (c) ostracism moderates the relationship between security and social trust. Furthermore, findings indicate that security can directly predict social trust as well as indirectly predict social trust through life satisfaction for adults in China. Security has a strong predictive effect on social trust - especially for individuals with low levels of ostracism.
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11
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Pictures of social interaction prompt a sustained increase of the smile expression and induce sociability. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5518. [PMID: 33750836 PMCID: PMC7943771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Viewing pictures of social interaction can facilitate approach behaviors. We conducted two studies to investigate if social interaction cues, empathy, and/or social touch modulate facial electromyographic (EMG) reactivity (as evidenced by the zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii muscles) and mood states. We presented bonding pictures (depicting social interaction) and control pictures (without social interaction) while continuously recording zygomatic and corrugator EMG activities. In both studies, picture blocks were paired by valence and arousal. All participants were college students. In study 1, participants (n = 80, 47 women) read relevant priming texts immediately before viewing each block of 14 pictures. In study 2, participants did not read (n = 82, 63 women) priming texts before each block of 28 pictures. In study 1 and study 2, participants also completed mood states questionnaires to assess sociability and altruistic behavior. Empathy and social touch frequency were also assessed by self-reported questionnaires. In both studies, bonding pictures increased the zygomatic activity and the self-reported sociability feeling compared to control pictures. Only in study 2, bonding pictures decreased median corrugator activity compared to control pictures. We concluded that social interaction cues were efficient to increase sociability and prompt a sustained smile expression regardless of priming texts.
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12
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Schindler S, Bublatzky F. Attention and emotion: An integrative review of emotional face processing as a function of attention. Cortex 2020; 130:362-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Heerey EA, Gilder TSE. The subjective value of a smile alters social behaviour. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225284. [PMID: 31790439 PMCID: PMC6886806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Face-to-face social behaviour is difficult to explain, leading some researchers to call it the “dark matter” of psychology/neuroscience [1]. We apply an idea from neuroeconomics to this problem, suggesting that how people subjectively value facial expressions should predict usage differences during unconstrained interaction. Specifically, we ask whether the subjective value of smiles is malleable as a consequence of immediate social experience and how this relates to smiling during face-to-face interactions. We measured the value of a smile in monetary terms and found that increases in people’s social neediness caused devaluation of polite smiles but no changes in how they valued genuine smiles. This result predicts that participants induced to feel high levels of social need should be less responsive to their social partners’ polite smiles in a subsequent unconstrained social interaction. As expected, high social-need participants returned fewer polite smiles when interacting with a partner, leading to poor interaction outcomes. Genuine smile reciprocity remained unchanged. Findings show that social states influence real-world interactions by changing social-cue valuation, highlighting a potential mechanism for understanding the moment-to-moment control of social behaviour and how behaviour changes based on people’s subjective evaluations of the social environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Heerey
- Psychology Department, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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14
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Motivated gratitude and the need to belong: Social exclusion increases gratitude for people low in trait entitlement. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-018-09749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Syrjämäki AH, Hietanen JK. The effects of social exclusion on processing of social information - A cognitive psychology perspective. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 58:730-748. [PMID: 30480823 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we review the research investigating the effects of social exclusion on processing of social information. We look into this topic from the point of view of cognitive psychology aiming to provide a systematic description of the effects of exclusion on workings of different cognitive mechanisms involved in social information processing. We focus on four lines of inquiry. First, we present the research on the effects of exclusion on memory for social information. Second, we review studies, which have investigated how exclusion changes the way people view and evaluate their social environment. Third, we look into the research which has investigated whether exclusion modulates early social information processing at the perceptual level. Finally, we discuss the research on the effects of exclusion on attentional processes. Importantly, we also present gaps in our understanding on these issues and provide suggestions as to how future research could provide a more detailed view on how exclusion modulates social information processing.
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16
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Peng S, Leng Y, Ge S, Tao D, Ding M, Zheng W, Deng H. Modulation of behavioral and brain responses to visual perspective taking by social rejection: Evidence from electrophysiology. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 134:135-143. [PMID: 30391359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Visual perspective taking (VPT) is crucial for reasoning about other people's mental states. To explore the modulation of behavioral and neural responses to visual perspective taking by social rejection, we firstly manipulated rejection using get-acquainted oral communication and a two-person visual perspective task, then explored how the experience of social rejection affected the behavioral and neural responses during the follow-up classical one-person visual perspective task. The subjective rating and behavior results showed that social rejection increased individuals' negative affect level and feelings of need-threat, decreased self-regulation and impulsive control. The event-related potentials (ERP) and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) results mainly showed that the increased parietal late slow wave (LSW) showed greater activities in SPL and rTPJ after social rejection. Moreover, compared with making judgments from self-perspective, making judgments from other-perspective yielded later TP450 and greater late frontal wave (LFW). In addition, the left LFW of socially rejected group showed more positive amplitude for other-inconsistent condition than that for other-consistent condition. These results suggested that social rejection might decrease impulsive control behaviorally, as well as increase neural processing of perspective taking, including visual-spatial perspective taking (indexed by the LSW), calculating of the self and other perspectives (indexed by the TP450), and processing of others' visual perspectives (indexed by the LFW). Our findings provide powerful evidence on neural mechanism underlying how social rejection modulates visual perspective taking, and support the model of social monitoring system, in that socially rejected individuals motivate to attend more carefully to social cues, such as other people's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhao Peng
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China; Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, China
| | - Yue Leng
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China; Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, China.
| | - Sheng Ge
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China; Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, China
| | - Dan Tao
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China; Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, China
| | - Mengyuan Ding
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China; Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, China
| | - Wenming Zheng
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China; Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, China
| | - Huihua Deng
- School of Biomedical Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China; Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Southeast University, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, China
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17
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Brennan GM, Crowley MJ, Wu J, Mayes LC, Baskin-Sommers AR. Neural processing of social exclusion in individuals with psychopathic traits: Links to anger and aggression. Psychiatry Res 2018; 268:263-271. [PMID: 30071390 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathy is a cluster of personality traits associated with high rates of aggression. While research on psychopathic traits largely focuses on neurobiological factors implicated in aggression, other research suggests that contextual factors, such as social exclusion, also contribute to promoting aggression. Yet, the relationships among psychopathic traits, neural processing of exclusion, and aggression remain unknown. A sample of 76 adolescents and young adults completed Cyberball, a task involving conditions of social inclusion, ambiguous exclusion, and unambiguous exclusion. During Cyberball, a slow wave (SW) event-related potential (an index of elaborative processing) and self-reported anger were measured. Additionally, acts of real-world aggression were assessed. Results indicated that as psychopathic traits increased, SW during ambiguous exclusion also increased, but SW during inclusion decreased. However, the combination of smaller SW during ambiguous exclusion and higher psychopathic traits predicted heightened anger following Cyberball and more frequent real-world aggression. This response to social exclusion among individuals with elevated psychopathic traits may represent an unreflective, reactive style that exacerbates anger and aggression in certain contexts. These data suggest that neurobiological dysfunction in elaborative processing is related to psychopathic traits, and social context comprises another important influence on the aggression of individuals with elevated psychopathic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Brennan
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Michael J Crowley
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 207900, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Jia Wu
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 207900, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 207900, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Arielle R Baskin-Sommers
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 207900, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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18
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Lyyra P, Wirth JH, Hietanen JK. Are you looking my way? Ostracism widens the cone of gaze. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2017; 70:1713-1721. [DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1204327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ostracized individuals demonstrate an increased need for belonging. To satisfy this need, they search for signals of inclusion, one of which may be another person's gaze directed at oneself. We tested if ostracized, compared to included, individuals judge a greater degree of averted gaze as still being direct. This range of gaze angles still viewed as direct has been dubbed “the cone of (direct) gaze”. In the current research, ostracized and included participants viewed friendly-looking face stimuli with direct or slightly averted gaze (0°, 2°, 4°, 6°, and 8° to the left and to the right) and judged whether stimulus persons were looking at them or not. Ostracized individuals demonstrated a wider gaze cone than included individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pessi Lyyra
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, School of Social Sciences and Humanities/Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - James H. Wirth
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University at Newark, Newark, OH, USA
| | - Jari K. Hietanen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, School of Social Sciences and Humanities/Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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19
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Trujillo SP, Valencia S, Trujillo N, Ugarriza JE, Rodríguez MV, Rendón J, Pineda DA, López JD, Ibañez A, Parra MA. Atypical Modulations of N170 Component during Emotional Processing and Their Links to Social Behaviors in Ex-combatants. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:244. [PMID: 28588462 PMCID: PMC5440593 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional processing (EP) is crucial for the elaboration and implementation of adaptive social strategies. EP is also necessary for the expression of social cognition and behavior (SCB) patterns. It is well-known that war contexts induce socio-emotional atypical functioning, in particular for those who participate in combats. Thus, ex-combatants represent an ideal non-clinical population to explore EP modulation and to evaluate its relation with SCB. The aim of this study was to explore EP and its relation with SCB dimensions such as empathy, theory of mind and social skills in a sample of 50 subjects, of which 30 were ex-combatants from illegally armed groups in Colombia, and 20 controls without combat experience. We adapted an Emotional Recognition Task for faces and words and synchronized it with electroencephalographic recording. Ex-combatants presented with higher assertion skills and showed more pronounced brain responses to faces than Controls. They did not show the bias toward anger observed in control participants whereby the latter group was more likely to misclassify neutral faces as angry. However, ex-combatants showed an atypical word valence processing. That is, words with different emotions yielded no differences in N170 modulations. SCB variables were successfully predicted by neurocognitive variables. Our results suggest that in ex-combatants the links between EP and SCB functions are reorganized. This may reflect neurocognitive modulations associated to chronic exposure to war experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Trujillo
- Doctoral Program in Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad de GranadaGranada, Spain.,GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Stella Valencia
- GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia Trujillo
- GISAME, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia.,Neuroscience Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan E Ugarriza
- Facultad de Jurisprudencia, Universidad del RosarioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica V Rodríguez
- SISTEMIC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Rendón
- Neuroscience Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia.,Neuropsychology and Behavior Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - David A Pineda
- Neuropsychology and Behavior Group, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - José D López
- SISTEMIC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA),Medellín, Colombia
| | - Agustín Ibañez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo IbañezSantiago, Chile.,National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilBuenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina.,ACR Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, SydneyNSW, Australia
| | - Mario A Parra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia.,Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh, United Kingdom
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20
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Hühnel I, Kuszynski J, Asendorpf JB, Hess U. Emotional mimicry of older adults’ expressions: effects of partial inclusion in a Cyberball paradigm. Cogn Emot 2017; 32:92-101. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2017.1284046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Hühnel
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Stel M, van Dijk E, van Baaren RB. When and Why Mimicry is Facilitated and Attenuated. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Abstract
The present study aimed to reveal the temporal course and electrophysiological correlates of interpersonal guilt. Human participants were asked to perform multiple rounds of a dot-estimation task with their partners, while event-related potential being recorded. The paired participants were informed that they would win money if both responded correctly; otherwise, both of them would lose money. The feeling of guilt in Self-Wrong condition (SW) was significantly higher than that in Both-Wrong and Partner-Wrong conditions. At approximately 350 ms after the onset of feedback presentation, greater negativities were observed in the frontal regions in the guilt condition (i.e., SW) than those in the non-guilt condition. The guilt-modulated frontal negativity might reflect the interactions of self-reflection, condemnation, and negative emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Leng
- a School of Psychology , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China.,b Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Science , Liaoning Normal University , Dalian , China
| | - Xiangling Wang
- b Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Science , Liaoning Normal University , Dalian , China
| | - Bihua Cao
- a School of Psychology , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Fuhong Li
- a School of Psychology , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China.,b Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Science , Liaoning Normal University , Dalian , China
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23
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Lai C, Altavilla D, Ronconi A, Aceto P. Fear of missing out (FOMO) is associated with activation of the right middle temporal gyrus during inclusion social cue. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Kawamoto T, Nittono H, Ura M. Trait rejection sensitivity is associated with vigilance and defensive response rather than detection of social rejection cues. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1516. [PMID: 26483750 PMCID: PMC4591508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that psychological difficulties arise from higher trait Rejection Sensitivity (RS)-heightened vigilance and differential detection of social rejection cues and defensive response to. On the other hand, from an evolutionary perspective, rapid and efficient detection of social rejection cues can be considered beneficial. We conducted a survey and an electrophysiological experiment to reconcile this seeming contradiction. We compared the effects of RS and Rejection Detection Capability (RDC) on perceived interpersonal experiences (Study 1) and on neurocognitive processes in response to cues of social rejection (disgusted faces; Study 2). We found that RS and RDC were not significantly related, although RS was positively related to perceived social rejection experiences and RDC was positively related to perceived social inclusion experiences. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) revealed that higher RS was related to cognitive avoidance (i.e., P1) and heightened motivated attention (i.e., late positive potential: LPP), but not to facial expression encoding (i.e., N170) toward disgusted faces. On the other hand, higher RDC was related to heightened N170 amplitude, but not to P1 and LPP amplitudes. These findings imply that sensitivity to rejection is apparently distinct from the ability to detect social rejection cues and instead reflects intense vigilance and defensive response to those cues. We discussed an alternative explanation of the relationship between RS and RDC from a signal detection perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Kawamoto
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoMeguro-ku, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nittono
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHigashi-hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ura
- Department of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin UniversityIbaraki, Japan
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25
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White CN, VanderDrift LE, Heffernan KS. Social isolation, cognitive decline, and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Psychol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Cacioppo S, Bangee M, Balogh S, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Qualter P, Cacioppo JT. Loneliness and implicit attention to social threat: A high-performance electrical neuroimaging study. Cogn Neurosci 2015; 7:138-59. [DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2015.1070136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cacioppo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- HPEN Laboratory, Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Munirah Bangee
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Stephen Balogh
- HPEN Laboratory, Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- HPEN Laboratory, Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela Qualter
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - John T. Cacioppo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- HPEN Laboratory, Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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27
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Seibt B, Mühlberger A, Likowski KU, Weyers P. Facial mimicry in its social setting. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1122. [PMID: 26321970 PMCID: PMC4531238 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In interpersonal encounters, individuals often exhibit changes in their own facial expressions in response to emotional expressions of another person. Such changes are often called facial mimicry. While this tendency first appeared to be an automatic tendency of the perceiver to show the same emotional expression as the sender, evidence is now accumulating that situation, person, and relationship jointly determine whether and for which emotions such congruent facial behavior is shown. We review the evidence regarding the moderating influence of such factors on facial mimicry with a focus on understanding the meaning of facial responses to emotional expressions in a particular constellation. From this, we derive recommendations for a research agenda with a stronger focus on the most common forms of encounters, actual interactions with known others, and on assessing potential mediators of facial mimicry. We conclude that facial mimicry is modulated by many factors: attention deployment and sensitivity, detection of valence, emotional feelings, and social motivations. We posit that these are the more proximal causes of changes in facial mimicry due to changes in its social setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Seibt
- Department of Psychology, University of OsloOslo, Norway
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreas Mühlberger
- Department of Psychology, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Weyers
- Department of Psychology, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
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28
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Kawamoto T, Ura M, Nittono H. Intrapersonal and interpersonal processes of social exclusion. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:62. [PMID: 25798081 PMCID: PMC4351632 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
People have a fundamental need to belong with others. Social exclusion impairs this need and has various effects on cognition, affect, and the behavior of excluded individuals. We have previously reported that activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) could be a neurocognitive index of social exclusion (Kawamoto et al., 2012). In this article, we provide an integrative framework for understanding occurrences during and after social exclusion, by reviewing neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and behavioral studies of dACC and rVLPFC, within the framework of intrapersonal and interpersonal processes of social exclusion. As a result, we have indicated directions for future studies to further clarify the phenomenon of social exclusion from the following perspectives: (1) constructional elements of social exclusion, (2) detection sensitivity and interpretation bias in social exclusion, (3) development of new methods to assess the reactivity to social exclusion, and (4) sources of social exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Kawamoto
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo, Japan ; Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ura
- Department of Psychology, Otemon-Gakuin University Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nittono
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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