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Chiappini S, Vaccaro G, Mosca A, Miuli A, Stigliano G, Stefanelli G, Giovannetti G, Carullo R, d'Andrea G, Di Carlo F, Cavallotto C, Pettorruso M, Di Petta G, Corkery JM, Guirguis A, Stair JL, Martinotti G, Fazel S, Schifano F. New trends of drug abuse in custodial settings: A systematic review on the misuse of over-the-counter drugs, prescription-only-medications, and new psychoactive substances. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105691. [PMID: 38733894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The article presents a systematic literature review on the use and the psychiatric implications of over-the-counter drugs (OTC), prescription-only-medications (POM), and new psychoactive substances (NPS) within custodial settings. The searches wer carried out on 2 November 2022 on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in line with PRISMA guidelines. A total of 538 records were identified, of which 37 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed the most prevalent NPS and OTC and POM classes reported in prisons were synthetic cannabinoids receptor agonists (SCRAs) and opioids, respectively. NPS markets were shown to be in constant evolution following the pace of legislations aimed to reduce their spread. The use of such substances heavily impacts the conditions and rehabilitation of persons in custody, with consequent physical and mental health risks. It is important to raise awareness of the use and misuse of such substances in prisons (i) from an early warning perspective for law enforcement and policy makers (ii) to prompt doctors to cautiously prescribe substances that may be misused (iii) to improve and increase access to treatment provided (iv) to add such substances to routine toxicological screening procedures (v) to improve harm reduction programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Chiappini
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9EU, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Giorgia Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9EU, UK
| | - Alessio Mosca
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy.
| | - Andrea Miuli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Stigliano
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Giulia Stefanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Giulia Giovannetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Giacomo d'Andrea
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Clara Cavallotto
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Gilberto Di Petta
- Department of Neuroscience Department of Mental Health, ASL Napoli 2, Napoli, Nord, Italy
| | - John Martin Corkery
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9EU, UK
| | - Amira Guirguis
- Swansea University Medical School, Grove Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA28PP, UK
| | - Jacqueline L Stair
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9EU, UK
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9EU, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Seena Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, England
| | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire AL10 9EU, UK
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Cavallotto C, Chiappini S, Mosca A, d’Andrea G, Di Carlo F, Piro T, Susini O, Stefanelli G, Di Cesare A, Ricci V, Pepe M, Dattoli L, Di Nicola M, Pettorruso M, Martinotti G. Examining Lurasidone Efficacy in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Illness and Concurrent Alcohol and Substance Use Disorder: A Prospective, Multicentric, Real-World Investigation. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2206. [PMID: 38673478 PMCID: PMC11051375 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Dual disorders (DD) entail the coexistence of a substance use disorder (SUD) and another mental health condition, often within psychotic and affective disorders. This study aims to evaluate lurasidone, an innovative atypical antipsychotic, in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and concurrent comorbidities of alcohol use disorder/substance use disorder (AUD/SUD). Methods: A cohort of 23 subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and comorbid AUD/SUD underwent psychometric assessments at baseline (T0) and one-month (T1) post-lurasidone initiation. Results: Lurasidone exhibited significant reductions in psychopathological burden, evidenced by decreased total PANSS scores (Z = 2.574, p = 0.011). Positive symptoms, substance craving (VAS Craving; Z = 3.202, p = 0.001), and aggressivity (MOAS scale; Z = 2.000, p = 0.050) were notably reduced. Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores significantly improved (Z = 2.934, p = 0.003). Quality of life enhancements were observed in SF-36 subscales (energy, emotional well-being, and social functioning) (p < 0.05) and Q-LES-Q-SF scale (Z = -2.341, p = 0.021). A safety analysis indicated lurasidone's good tolerability, with only 8.7% reporting discontinuation due to side effects. Conclusions: This study offers initial evidence supporting lurasidone's efficacy and safety in dual diagnoses, highlighting positive effects on psychopathology, substance craving, and quality of life. These findings emphasize the need for tailored, comprehensive treatment strategies in managing the complexities of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cavallotto
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (G.d.); (F.D.C.); (T.P.); (G.S.); (L.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefania Chiappini
- School of Medicine, UniCamillus International Medical School University, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessio Mosca
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (G.d.); (F.D.C.); (T.P.); (G.S.); (L.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Giacomo d’Andrea
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (G.d.); (F.D.C.); (T.P.); (G.S.); (L.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (G.d.); (F.D.C.); (T.P.); (G.S.); (L.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Tommaso Piro
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (G.d.); (F.D.C.); (T.P.); (G.S.); (L.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Ottavia Susini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (G.d.); (F.D.C.); (T.P.); (G.S.); (L.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Giulia Stefanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (G.d.); (F.D.C.); (T.P.); (G.S.); (L.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Department of Mental Health, ASL 02 Lanciano-Vasto-Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Valerio Ricci
- Department of Psychiatry, “San Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Pepe
- University Policlinic Foundation “A. Gemelli” IRCSS-Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00136 Rome, Italy (M.D.N.)
| | - Luigi Dattoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (G.d.); (F.D.C.); (T.P.); (G.S.); (L.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- University Policlinic Foundation “A. Gemelli” IRCSS-Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00136 Rome, Italy (M.D.N.)
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (G.d.); (F.D.C.); (T.P.); (G.S.); (L.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.C.); (G.d.); (F.D.C.); (T.P.); (G.S.); (L.D.); (M.P.)
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