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Luo J, He Y, Ning W, Cao M, Hu Y. Unraveling the complexities of beryllium contamination in agricultural soils: The case of Qingcheng District, Qingyuan City. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115142. [PMID: 37336089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination in agricultural soils has received widespread attention; however, the status of beryllium (Be) contamination in agricultural soils has been inadequately studied. This research was conducted to determine the enrichment level and major sources of Be contamination in the agricultural soil in Qingcheng District, Qingyuan City, and to quantify the potential ecological risk and human health risk (PER and HHR) of Be by integrating geological mineral and remote-sensing image maps. The results of principal component analysis followed by multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) suggest that Be, Sn, Zn, Pb, As, and Cd are mainly derived from anthropogenic activities; V, Ti, Sc, Cr, and Co are mainly derived from medium acidic granites; Al and Si are mainly derived from geological sources; and K and Na are mainly derived from calcium-alkaline materials. Anthropogenic activities are priority material sources owing to the highest contribution. Be contamination poses a slight PER, and the PER level of agricultural soil was moderate. The HHR caused by Be is negligible. The results of this study can serve as the basis for promoting agricultural soil protection and developing and implementing agricultural policies to reduce environmental pollution in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Ning
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cao
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Yuwei Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China.
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Islam MR, Sanderson P, Naidu R, Payne TE, Johansen MP, Bari ASMF, Rahman MM. Beryllium in contaminated soils: Implication of beryllium bioaccessibility by different exposure pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126757. [PMID: 34352522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure and beryllium (Be) toxicity are well-known, but research on bioaccessibility from soils via different exposure pathways is limited. This study examined soils from a legacy radioactive waste disposal site using in vitro ingestion (Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium [SBRC], physiologically based extraction test [PBET], in vitro gastrointestinal [IVG]), inhalation (simulated epithelial lung fluid [SELF]) and dynamic two-stage bioaccessibility (TBAc) methods, as well as 0.43 M HNO3 extraction. The results showed, 70 ± 4.8%, 56 ± 16.8% and 58 ± 5.7% of total Be were extracted (gastric phase [GP] + intestinal phase [IP]) in the SBRC, PBET, and IVG methods, respectively. Similar bioaccessibility of Be (~18%) in PBET-IP and SELF was due to chelating agents in the extractant. Moreover, TBAc-IP showed higher extraction (20.8 ± 2.0%) in comparison with the single-phase (SBRC-IP) result (4.8 ± 0.23%), suggesting increased Be bioaccessibility and toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract when the contamination derives from the inhalation route. The results suggested Be bioaccessibility depends on solution pH; time of extraction; soil reactive fractions (organic-inorganic); particle size, and the presence of chelating agents in the fluid. This study has significance for understanding Be bioaccessibility via different exposure routes and the application of risk-based management of Be-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Peter Sanderson
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Timothy E Payne
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Mathew P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - A S M Fazle Bari
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
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Virji MA, Schuler CR, Cox-Ganser J, Stanton ML, Kent MS, Kreiss K, Stefaniak AB. Associations of Metrics of Peak Inhalation Exposure and Skin Exposure Indices With Beryllium Sensitization at a Beryllium Manufacturing Facility. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 63:856-869. [PMID: 31504146 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peak beryllium inhalation exposures and exposure to the skin may be relevant for developing beryllium sensitization (BeS). The objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with BeS to inform the prevention of sensitization, and the development of chronic beryllium disease (CBD). METHODS In a survey of short-term workers employed at a primary beryllium manufacturing facility between the years 1994-1999, 264 participants completed a questionnaire and were tested for BeS. A range of qualitative and quantitative peak inhalation metrics and skin exposure indices were created using: personal full-shift beryllium exposure measurements, 15 min to 24 h process-specific task and area exposure measurements, glove measurements as indicator of skin exposure, process-upset information gleaned from historical reports, and self-reported information on exposure events. Hierarchical clustering was conducted to systematically group participants based on similarity of patterns of 16 exposure variables. The associations of the exposure metrics with BeS and self-reported skin symptoms (in work areas processing beryllium salts as well as in other work areas) were evaluated using correlation analysis, log-binomial and logistic regression models with splines. RESULTS Metrics of peak inhalation exposure, indices of skin exposure, and using material containing beryllium salts were significantly associated with skin symptoms and BeS; skin symptoms were a strong predictor of BeS. However, in this cohort, we could not tease apart the independent effects of skin exposure from inhalation exposure, as these exposures occurred simultaneously and were highly correlated. Hierarchical clustering identified groups of participants with unique patterns of exposure characteristics resulting in different prevalence of BeS and skin symptoms. A cluster with high skin exposure index and use of material containing beryllium salts had the highest prevalence of BeS and self-reported skin symptoms, followed by a cluster with high inhalation and skin exposure index and a very small fraction of jobs in which beryllium salts were used. A cluster with low inhalation and skin exposure and no workers using beryllium salts had no cases of BeS. CONCLUSION Multiple pathways and types of exposure were associated with BeS and may be important for informing BeS prevention. Prevention efforts should focus on controlling airborne beryllium exposures with attention to peaks, use of process characteristics (e.g. the likelihood of upset conditions to design interventions) minimize skin exposure to beryllium particles, and in particular, eliminate skin contact with beryllium salts to interrupt potential exposure pathways for BeS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abbas Virji
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Respiratory Health Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christine R Schuler
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Respiratory Health Division, Morgantown, WV, USA.,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jean Cox-Ganser
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Respiratory Health Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Marcia L Stanton
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Respiratory Health Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Kreiss
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Respiratory Health Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Aleksandr B Stefaniak
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Respiratory Health Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Cummings KJ, Johns DO, Mazurek JM, Hearl FJ, Weissman DN. NIOSH's Respiratory Health Division: 50 years of science and service. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2019; 74:15-29. [PMID: 30501580 PMCID: PMC6490691 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2018.1532387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The year 2017 marked the 50th anniversary of NIOSH's Respiratory Health Division (RHD). RHD began in 1967 as the Appalachian Laboratory for Occupational Respiratory Diseases (ALFORD), with a focus on coal workers' pneumoconiosis. ALFORD became part of NIOSH in 1971 and added activities to address work-related respiratory disease more generally. Health hazard evaluations played an important role in understanding novel respiratory hazards such as nylon flock, diacetyl, and indium-tin oxide. Epidemiologic and laboratory studies addressed many respiratory hazards, including coal mine dust, silica, asbestos, cotton dust, beryllium, diesel exhaust, and dampness and mold. Surveillance activities tracked the burden of diseases and enhanced the quality of spirometry and chest radiography used to screen workers. RHD's efforts to improve scientific understanding, inform strategies for prevention, and disseminate knowledge remain important now and for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J. Cummings
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Doug O. Johns
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jacek M. Mazurek
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Frank J. Hearl
- Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David N. Weissman
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Balmes JR, Abraham JL, Dweik RA, Fireman E, Fontenot AP, Maier LA, Muller-Quernheim J, Ostiguy G, Pepper LD, Saltini C, Schuler CR, Takaro TK, Wambach PF. An official American Thoracic Society statement: diagnosis and management of beryllium sensitivity and chronic beryllium disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:e34-59. [PMID: 25398119 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201409-1722st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Beryllium continues to have a wide range of industrial applications. Exposure to beryllium can lead to sensitization (BeS) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this statement is to increase awareness and knowledge about beryllium exposure, BeS, and CBD. METHODS Evidence was identified by a search of MEDLINE. The committee then summarized the evidence, drew conclusions, and described their approach to diagnosis and management. MAIN RESULTS The beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test is the cornerstone of both medical surveillance and the diagnosis of BeS and CBD. A confirmed abnormal beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test without evidence of lung disease is diagnostic of BeS. BeS with evidence of a granulomatous inflammatory response in the lung is diagnostic of CBD. The determinants of progression from BeS to CBD are uncertain, but higher exposures and the presence of a genetic variant in the HLA-DP β chain appear to increase the risk. Periodic evaluation of affected individuals can detect disease progression (from BeS to CBD, or from mild CBD to more severe CBD). Corticosteroid therapy is typically administered when a patient with CBD exhibits evidence of significant lung function abnormality or decline. CONCLUSIONS Medical surveillance in workplaces that use beryllium-containing materials can identify individuals with BeS and at-risk groups of workers, which can help prioritize efforts to reduce inhalational and dermal exposures.
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Shaffer KJ, Davidson RJ, Burrell AK, McCleskey TM, Plieger PG. Encapsulation of the BeII Cation: Spectroscopic and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:3969-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302770t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J. Shaffer
- Chemistry Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Turitea Campus, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston
North, New Zealand 4442
| | - Ross J. Davidson
- Chemistry Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Turitea Campus, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston
North, New Zealand 4442
| | - Anthony K. Burrell
- Chemistry Division MS J582, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - T. Mark McCleskey
- Chemistry Division MS J582, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Paul G. Plieger
- Chemistry Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Turitea Campus, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston
North, New Zealand 4442
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