1
|
OLUWOLE DT, EBIWONJUMI O, AJAYI LO, ALABI OD, AMOS V, AKANBI G, ADEYEMI WJ, AJAYI AF. Disruptive consequences of monosodium glutamate on male reproductive function: A review. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100148. [PMID: 38287921 PMCID: PMC10823071 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most extensively used flavour enhancers worldwide. Although it is widely regarded as a safe food additive with no recommended daily dosage, its over-consumption has been associated with notably pathophysiological events in various tissues and organs of the body. Previous studies have reported of the neuro- cardio- and hepato- toxic effects of its excessive exposure. Moreover, the food additive instigates metabolic dysfunction. It has been established that MSG damages male reproductive accessory organs like prostate glands and epididymis. In addition, it impairs serum enzymatic activities and serum levels of testosterone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone and cholesterol. Reduced sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and sperm viability, imbalances in male reproductive hormones, alongside alteration in the histoarchitecture of the testes and other male reproductive tissues have also been connected with excessive exposure to MSG. Literature reports affirm the link between the over-consumption of MSG and reproductive organ weight and male sexual behaviour. This review article addresses the multi-systemic effects of exposure to MSG and the possible mechanism of action of the compound with a focus on the negative implications of the food additive on male reproductive functions and the possible role of natural antioxidants in male reproductive functions. carefully selected keywords were used during the literature search to gather credible and up-to-date information about the subject matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Tolulope OLUWOLE
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Lydia Oluwatoyin AJAYI
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi Dupe ALABI
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Victor AMOS
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Grace AKANBI
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayodeji Folorunsho AJAYI
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sahin B, Acikel Elmas M, Bingol Ozakpinar O, Arbak S. The Effects of Apocynin on Monosodium Glutamate Induced Liver Damage of Rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17327. [PMID: 37449146 PMCID: PMC10336448 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is found in refined foods. Apocynin (APO) is a selective NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate possible effects of MSG and the curative effects of APO in rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (Normal control, APO, MSG and MSG + APO, n:7 for each group). The MSG and MSG + APO groups received 120 mg/kg MSG solution orally for 28 consecutive days. The APO and MSG + APO groups received 25 mg/kg APO solution orally for 5 days until the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed and liver tissue and blood samples were taken for histological, ultrastructural, and biochemical analyses. In the MSG group, vacuolization and loss in glycogen content in the hepatocytes, leukocyte infiltration and fibrosis in the liver parenchyme and portal triads, were observed. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP (TUNEL)-positivity and NADPH oxidase (NOX)-2-positivity were higher in the MSG group compared with the other experimental groups. The concentrations of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were higher, whereas albumin, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide (SOD) levels were lower in the MSG group. All these data has been reversed in MSG + APO group. The histological and biochemical criteria indicated the prominent ameliorating effect of APO on MSG -induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begum Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Acikel Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serap Arbak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Acikel-Elmas M, Algilani SA, Sahin B, Bingol Ozakpinar O, Gecim M, Koroglu K, Arbak S. Apocynin Ameliorates Monosodium Glutamate Induced Testis Damage by Impaired Blood-Testis Barrier and Oxidative Stress Parameters. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030822. [PMID: 36983977 PMCID: PMC10052003 DOI: 10.3390/life13030822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apocynin (APO) on hormone levels, the blood-testis barrier, and oxidative biomarkers in monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced testicular degeneration. METHODS Sprague Dawley male rats (150-200 g; n = 32) were randomly distributed into four groups: control, APO, MSG, and MSG + APO. MSG and MSG + APO groups were administered MSG (120 mg/kg) for 28 days. Moreover, the APO and MSG + APO groups received APO (25 mg/kg) during the last five days of the experiment. All administrations were via oral gavage. Finally, biochemical analyses were performed based on the determination of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as light and transmission electron microscopic examinations, assessment of sperm parameters, ZO-1, occludin, NOX-2, and TUNEL immunohistochemistry were evaluated. RESULTS MSG increased both the oxidative stress level and apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation, and caused degeneration in testis morphology including in the blood-testis barrier. Administration of apocynin reversed all the deteriorated morphological and biochemical parameters in the MSG + APO group. CONCLUSIONS apocynin is considered to prevent testicular degeneration by maintaining the integrity of the blood-testis barrier with balanced hormone and oxidant/antioxidant levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Acikel-Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Salva Asma Algilani
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Begum Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Bingol Ozakpinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu, 4/A, Basibuyuk, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Mert Gecim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu, 4/A, Basibuyuk, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Kutay Koroglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu No. 9 D:2, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Serap Arbak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alrashidi MS, Gomaa HF. Testicular Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles on Monosodium Glutamate Induced Alteration in Male Albino Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:347-359. [PMID: 37902076 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.347.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The flavor enhancer Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is mostly utilized in Asian and West African cuisines, especially in West African and Asian dishes. However, due to its availability, largely without labeling, in many food products, unintentional overuse of this food additive may occur. The objective of this study was to find out how selenium nanoparticles affected the toxicity of MSG in male albino rats' testicles. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> As 35 Wistar male rats partitioned into 5 groups: G1: Control rats, G2: Received Se-NPs at 0.4 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt., orally, G3: Injected with MSG at a daily dose of 4 g kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt., intraperitoneally (IP), G4: Ingested a daily oral dose of Se-NPs for 7 successive days and on the 7th day, received the first dose of MSG IP 4 g kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt., then received both treatments till the end of the study and G5: Administered a daily oral dose of 4 g kg<sup>1</sup> MSG, followed by Se-NPs at a daily dose of 0.4 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt., the experiment continued for 28 days. Serum testosterone hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), the levels of serum lipid peroxidation (MDA), reduced Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were estimated and samples from testis were separated for histological analysis. <b>Results:</b> The MSG treatment induced a significant decline in the values of serum testosterone, FSH, LH, GSH, GSH-Px and SOD. It also increased the values of serum MDA and LDH and spermatic arrest. While, the administration of Se-NPs orally before MSG treatment resulted in a decline in the values of serum MDA and LDH, an elevation in the values of serum GSH, GSH-PX and SOD, testosterone, FSH, LH and reappearance of sperm. <b>Conclusion:</b> The use of Se-NPs as a protector exhibited more improvement in values of estimated hormones and oxidative stress markers than using it as a therapy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Khazaeel K, Rad OR, Jamshidian J, Tabandeh MR, Mohammadi G, Atashfaraz A. Effect of bromelain on sperm quality, testicular oxidative stress and expression of oestrogen receptors in bisphenol-A treated male mice. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14584. [PMID: 36068179 DOI: 10.1111/and.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) with low estrogenic activity increases oxidative stress and testicular damage. Bromelain is a mixture of different thiol endopeptidases and other components with many uses as a natural anti-inflammatory enzyme. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of bromelain on male reproductive failure induced by BPA. A total of 60 healthy adult male mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6), including control, bromelain (70 mg/kg), BPA (5 and 600 mg/kg), and BPA (5 and 600 mg/kg) + bromelain. BPA and bromelain were administrated orally for 35 days. Then, the epididymis and testes were removed to evaluate sperm parameters, oxidative stress markers, serum levels of testosterone concentrations, and oestrogen receptors expression. The BPA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased sperm count, motility, viability, and normal sperm morphology, as well as testosterone levels, oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), GPx, CAT, and SOD activity than control. Also, BPA significantly (P < 0.05) increased the sperm anomalies, and MDA concentration. Co-administration of bromelain + BPA caused a significantly (P < 0.05) increase sperm count, normal sperm morphology, testosterone levels, expression of ERα and ERβ, and GPx, CAT, and SOD activity than the BPA group (P < 0.05). Also, Bromelain significantly (P < 0.05) decreased sperm anomalies and MDA concentration than control. Based on the results of this study, it appears that BPA causes side effects on male reproduction. While, bromelain has the potential to reduce the side effects of BPA on the male reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Khazaeel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Centre (STTRC), Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Omid Ramezani Rad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Javad Jamshidian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ammar Atashfaraz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Depciuch J, Jakubczyk P, Paja W, Sarzyński J, Pancerz K, Açıkel Elmas M, Keskinöz E, Bingöl Özakpınar Ö, Arbak S, Özgün G, Altuntaş S, Guleken Z. Apocynin reduces cytotoxic effects of monosodium glutamate in the brain: A spectroscopic, oxidative load, and machine learning study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121495. [PMID: 35700610 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we examined the modulatory effects ofApocynum (APO) on Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)-induced oxidative damage on the brain tissue of rats after long-term consumption of blood serum components by biochemical assays, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and machine learning methods. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the Control, Control + APO, MSG, and MSG + APO groups (n = 8 per group). All administrations were made by oral gavage saline, MSG, or APO and they were repeated for 28 days of the experiments. Brain tissue and blood serum samples were collected and analyzed for measurement levels ofmalondialdehyde (MDA),glutathione (GSH),myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and Spectroscopic analysis. After 29 days, the results were evaluated using machine learning (ML). The levels of MDA and MPO showed changes in the MSG and MSG + APO groups, respectively. Changes in the proteins and lipids were observed in the FTIR spectra of the MSG groups. Additionally, APO in these animals improved the FTIR spectra to be similar to those in the Control group. The accuracy of the FTIR results calculated by ML was 100%. The findings of this study demonstrate that Apocynin treatment protectsagainst MSG-induced oxidative damage by inhibitingreactive oxygen speciesand upregulatingantioxidant capacity, indicating its potential in alleviatingthe toxic effects of MSG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science, 31-342 Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Wiesław Paja
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Pancerz
- Institute of Technology and Computer Science, Academy of Zamosc, Poland
| | - Merve Açıkel Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Keskinöz
- Department of Anatomy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serap Arbak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Özgün
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Health Sciences Institute, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevde Altuntaş
- Tissue Engineering Department, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul 34662, Turkey; Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center, Validebag Research Park, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Zozan Guleken
- Department of Physiology, Uskudar University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koohpeyma F, Gholizadeh F, Hafezi H, Hajiaghayi M, Siri M, Allahyari S, Maleki MH, Asmarian N, Bayat E, Dastghaib S. The protective effect of L-carnitine on testosterone synthesis pathway, and spermatogenesis in monosodium glutamate-induced rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:269. [PMID: 36229797 PMCID: PMC9563446 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food ingredient that is increasingly used commercially. MSG leads to oxidative stress, consequently suppressing steroid hormone production that causes defects in male reproductive system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine as an antioxidant on testicular damage in MSG-induced male rats. Methods Sixty adult male Spargue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten as follows: control (water), sham (normal saline), L-carnitine (200 mg/kg b.w), MSG (3 g/kg b.w), MSG + L-carnitine 100 (3 g/kg b.w of MSG and 100 mg/kg b.w of L-carnitine), and MSG + L-carnitine 200 (3 g/kg b.w of MSG and 200 mg/kg b.w of L-carnitine). The treatment was administered by oral gavage for six months. Serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Anti-oxidant Capacity (TAC), LH, FSH, testosterone, and mRNA expressions of Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd17b3 genes, and histological and stereological changes were assessed. Results L-carnitine led to a significant decrease in the level of MDA and a significant rise in the serum levels of TAC, LH, FSH, and mRNA expression of Star and Cyp11a1 compared to the MSG group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, stereological results indicated a significant increment in the number of sexual lineage cells, the total volume of the testis, length, diameter, and volume of seminiferous tubules, the height of the germinal epithelium, sperm count, and sperm motility (p < 0.05) in MSG + L-carnitine 200 compare to MSG group. Conclusion The study’s findings demonstrated that L-carnitine due to its anti-oxidant properties, ameliorated the reproductive abnormalities in the male rats exposed to MSG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Koohpeyma
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gholizadeh
- grid.410319.e0000 0004 1936 8630Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Hannaneh Hafezi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehri Hajiaghayi
- grid.410319.e0000 0004 1936 8630Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Morvarid Siri
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naeimehossadat Asmarian
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Bayat
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruan L, Ju Y, Zhan C, Hou L. Improved umami flavor of soy sauce by adding enzymatic hydrolysate of low-value fish in the natural brewing process. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
9
|
Shamhari A‘A, Abd Hamid Z, Budin SB, Shamsudin NJ, Taib IS. Bisphenol A and Its Analogues Deteriorate the Hormones Physiological Function of the Male Reproductive System: A Mini-Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1744. [PMID: 34829973 PMCID: PMC8615890 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BPA is identified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical that deteriorates the physiological function of the hormones of the male reproductive system. Bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) are actively explored as substitutes for BPA and are known as BPA analogues in most manufacturing industries. These analogues may demonstrate the same adverse effects as BPA on the male reproductive system; however, toxicological data explaining the male reproductive hormones' physiological functions are still limited. Hence, this mini-review discusses the effects of BPA and its analogues on the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system, focusing on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, steroidogenesis, and spermatogenesis outcomes. The BPA analogues mainly show a similar negative effect on the hormones' physiological functions, proven by alterations in the HPG axis and steroidogenesis via activation of the aromatase activity and reduction of spermatogenesis outcomes when compared to BPA in in vitro and in vivo studies. Human biomonitoring studies also provide significant adverse effects on the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system. In conclusion, BPA and its analogues deteriorate the physiological functions of hormones in the male reproductive system as per in vitro, in vivo, and human biomonitoring studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma’ ‘Afifah Shamhari
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.‘A.S.); (Z.A.H.); (S.B.B.)
| | - Zariyantey Abd Hamid
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.‘A.S.); (Z.A.H.); (S.B.B.)
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.‘A.S.); (Z.A.H.); (S.B.B.)
| | - Nurul Jehan Shamsudin
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.‘A.S.); (Z.A.H.); (S.B.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Protective Effects of Dietary Supplement Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) against Toxically Impacts of Monosodium Glutamate in Blood and Behavior of Swiss mouse. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Well-known monosodium glutamate (E-621, MSG), originally used as a food flavor enhancer, was approved approximately in all countries, but the toxicity versus the safety of (MSG) are still unclear due to variable scientific toxicological reports. Moreover, it was reported to trigger elevated frequencies of nausea and headaches in humans and provide deleterious effects on laboratory animals. The objectives of the present study were to (i) estimate the possible toxic effects of the food additive MSG (ii) and the ameliorating protective effects of the dietary supplement spirulina (Spirulina platensis) on the biochemical parameters of blood and the damage produced in organs of Swiss mice after applying a supplementary daily dose of MSG for 4 weeks. (2) Methods: The present study was conducted on 20 mature Swiss mice, which were randomly organized into four groups of five Swiss mice. The treatments were (I) the control group, in which Swiss mice were fed only animal feed and drinking water; group II MSG1, which received 1 mL of MSG; group III MSG0.5, which was treated with 0.5 mL of MSG; and (IV) the group MSGS, which was treated with 1 mL of monosodium glutamate and 1 mL of spirulina (aiming to reduce the MSG toxicity). (3) Results: At the end of the experiment, Swiss mice treated with MSG demonstrated a passiveness regarding behavioral aspects. As we hypothesized, the parameters of the spirulina group reached similar values to the control group, and no histopathological observations have been found. Altogether, our findings evidenced that monosodium glutamate leads to histopathological changes in Swiss mice kidneys and caused important modifications for all biochemical parameters of the blood serum. Noticeably, the potential protective effect of Spirulina platensis was proved and was described by using the FTIR spectroscopy technique. (4) Conclusions: A diet rich in antioxidants and other plant-derived bioactive compounds may provide healthy nutrition, alleviating the potential side effects of some food additives.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abd-Elkareem M, Abd El-Rahman MAM, Khalil NSA, Amer AS. Antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of Nigella sativa L. seeds on the testis of monosodium glutamate challenged rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13519. [PMID: 34188150 PMCID: PMC8242002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely spread food additives that might cause male infertility. However, Nigella sativa L. seeds (NSS) could provide a solution. This study was designed to investigate the potential effects of NSS on rats ingesting MSG. To achieve this aim, adult male albino rats were randomly equally assigned into three groups for 21 days: control group received no treatment, MSG group received MSG as 30 g/kg feed, and MSG + NSS group received MSG as 30 g/kg and NSS as 30 g/kg feed. Testis histomorphometry showed marked deterioration by MSG as atrophic seminiferous tubules with degeneration of their lining cells, damaged Leydig cells and decreased germ cells number. Periodic Acid Schiff stain indicated irregular interrupted basement membranes. Glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and caspase-3 immuno-expressions increased in testicular cells. Testosterone levels were significantly decreased in MSG challenged rats along with significant increase in luteinizing hormone levels, whereas NSS normalized this hormonal profile. MSG exposure also caused significantly increased lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione-S-transferase, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) whereas nitric oxide and SOD2 were significantly decreased. NSS succeeded in rebalance LPO and TAC and ameliorated the histoarchitectural disturbances. NSS mitigated MSG-induced testicular impairment by its antioxidant and cytoprotective activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mokhless A. M. Abd El-Rahman
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nasser S. Abou Khalil
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ayman S. Amer
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rahayu S, Annisa R, Anzila I, Christina YI, Soewondo A, Marhendra APW, Djati MS. Marsilea crenata ethanol extract prevents monosodium glutamate adverse effects on the serum levels of reproductive hormones, sperm quality, and testis histology in male rats. Vet World 2021; 14:1529-1536. [PMID: 34316200 PMCID: PMC8304425 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1529-1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Marsilea crenata is an aquatic plant that contains high antioxidants level and could prevent cell damages caused by free radicals. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of M. crenata ethanol extract on luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone levels, sperm quality, and testis histology of adult male rats induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study randomly divided 48 male rats into eight groups (n=6): control group; MSG group (4 mg/g body weight [b.w.] for 30 days); MS1, MS2, and MS3 groups (4 mg/g b.w. MSG and M. crenata ethanol extract at dose 0.216, 0.432, and 0.648 mg/g b.w., respectively, for 30 days); and S1, S2, and S3 groups (M. crenata ethanol extract at dose of 0.216, 0.432, and 0.648 mg/g b.w., respectively, for 30 days). The blood sample was collected on days 0 and 30 to determine the LH and testosterone levels. The animals were dissected on day 30, and the testes were isolated for morphometric, histology (spermatogenic cell number), and malondialdehyde (MDA) examination. Moreover, semen was collected to determine the sperm quality parameter. RESULTS The LH and testosterone levels significantly increased (p<0.05) after M. crenata administration at all doses. The higher dose of M. crenata ethanol extract demonstrated a high decrease in MDA level in MSG-treated rat testis; increase of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and Leydig cells number; and increase of seminiferous tubular diameter and germinal epithelium thickness. CONCLUSION The ethanol extract of M. crenata can improve the levels of LH, testosterone, sperm quality, number of testis morphometric, spermatogenic, and Leydig cells in MSG-treated male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahayu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Riska Annisa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ivakhul Anzila
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yuyun Ika Christina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Aries Soewondo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Agung Pramana Warih Marhendra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Sasmito Djati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kianifard D, Shoar SMM, Karkan MF, Aly A. Effects of monosodium glutamate on testicular structural and functional alterations induced by quinine therapy in rat: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2021; 19:167-180. [PMID: 33718761 PMCID: PMC7922298 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i2.8475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quinine (QU) as an anti-malarial drug induces alterations in testicular tissue. Toxic effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the male reproductive system have been recognized. Objective To investigate the impact of MSG administration on the intensity of gonadotoxicity of QU. Materials and Methods Sixty eight-wk old Wistar rats weighing 180-200 gr were divided into six groups (n = 10/each): the first group as a control; the second and third groups received low and high doses of MSG (2 & 4 gr/kg i.p.), respectively, for 28 days; the fourth group received QU for seven days (25 mg/kg); and in the fifth and sixth groups, QU was gavaged following the MSG administration (MSG + QU) from day 22 to day 28. Serum testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Testes samples were prepared for tissue MDA levels, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry of p53. Sperm analysis was performed on cauda epididymis. Results Serum and tissue MDA levels were increased in treated groups compared to the control group. This increment was higher in the MSG + QU groups. The testosterone levels were reduced significantly (p < 0.0001) in all treated groups. In addition, histomorphometric indices and tubular epithelium population were reduced significantly (p < 0.0001) in QU, MSG + QU, and consequently in high-dose MSG, QU, MSG + QU groups. All spermatogenic indices were reduced in the treated groups, particularly in the MSG + QU groups. Sperm motility and viability indices were reduced significantly (p = 0.003) in the MSG + QU groups. Finally, the overexpression of p53 was observed in the MSG + QU groups. Conclusion The administration of MSG before and during QU therapy may intensify testicular tissue alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Kianifard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Maysam Mousavi Shoar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Fallah Karkan
- Department of Urology, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Aly
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34820, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Total glutamate (Glu) intake is 5-20 g/day in adults and about 40 mg/kg in breast-fed infant. Glu intake is constituted by Glu from protein and free Glu from certain foods and flavor-enhancing additive. The admissible intake of free Glu additive is addressed. RECENT FINDING In the gut, Glu is actively metabolized by enterocytes and because of this metabolism, the systemic availability of ingested Glu remains relatively low. Human studies are preferred to assess the transfer in blood of dietary free Glu salts and their possible risks. When human data are not available, experimental animal models provide the basis to assess the risks to humans but toxicity studies in rodents remain for a part controversial. A No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) in rodent of 3200 mg/kg/day and an uncertainty factor of 100 lead to an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg/day for free Glu salts used as additives, whereas a NOAEL higher than 6000 mg/kg/day and an uncertainty factor of 25 leads to an ADI of 240 mg/kg/day for free Glu salts. SUMMARY Current discussions indicate an ADI from 30 to 240 mg/kg/day depending on the chosen NOAEL in animal model and compound-specific uncertainty factor (from 25 to 100).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tomé
- UMR PNCA, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|