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Santoniccolo F, Rollè L. The role of minority stress in disordered eating: a systematic review of the literature. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:41. [PMID: 38850334 PMCID: PMC11162380 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) show a heightened risk of disordered eating compared to heterosexual and cisgender people, a disparity which may be caused by exposure to minority-specific stressors, such as discrimination and violence. This systematic review aims to summarize available evidence on the role of minority stress in disordered eating and SGM-specific aspects. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, scientific search engines (EBSCO, PUBMED, Web of Science) were screened up to 31st of January 2024, including English-language original research papers containing analyses of the relationship between minority stress and disordered eating. 2416 records were gathered for screening. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, thematic analysis was conducted regarding 4 research questions: effects of minority stress on disordered eating, mediating factors, specificities of SGMs and differences between identity categories. RESULTS 30 studies were included. Several aspects of minority stress are reliably associated with different forms of disordered eating. The relationship between minority stressors and disordered eating is mediated by aspects such as shame, body shame, or negative affect. SGMs show several specificities, such as the presence of a role of LGBTQIA + communities and additional gender-related pressures. Bisexual people and gender minorities appear to feature comparatively higher risks, and gender-related factors shape paths leading to disordered eating risk. CONCLUSION Minority stress is an important predictor of disordered eating, making SGM people's health particularly at risk. Institutional and organizational anti-discrimination policies are needed, as well as further research. Clinical interventions may benefit from exploring and incorporating how minority stressors impact SGM people. Evidence level I-Systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Santoniccolo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124, Torino, TO, Italy.
| | - Luca Rollè
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124, Torino, TO, Italy
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Nicholas J, Bresin K. Everyday Sexual and Gender Minority Stress and Health: A Systematic Review of Experience Sampling Studies. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1221-1243. [PMID: 38172351 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority stress is associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes, such as hypertension and depression. Expanding on previous reviews of the literature on cross-sectional and long-term prospective associations between sexual and gender minority stress and health outcomes, the current systematic review synthesizes the evidence on how everyday sexual and gender minority stress relates to momentary changes in health. The findings of 53 experience sampling studies published between 2007 and 2022 suggest that daily and momentary within-persons fluctuations in minority stressors are associated with cognitive-emotional (e.g., affect, suicidality), behavioral (e.g., substance use), social (e.g., relationship satisfaction), and physical health outcomes (e.g., somatic symptoms). These findings suggest that sexual and gender minority stress is a dynamic process that can vary within individuals over time and significantly impact everyday mental and physical health. We discuss the implications of these findings for minority stress theory, LGBTQ+ health research, LGBTQ+ affirming therapy, and prevention initiatives. The current experience sampling literature is limited by a lack of attention to gender minority stress and a focus on a limited range of health outcomes. Methodological and theoretical considerations for future experience sampling research are discussed in light of these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nicholas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, 317 Life Sciences Building, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Konrad Bresin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, 317 Life Sciences Building, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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Barnhart WR, Sun H, Lin Z, Lu C, Han X, He J. Integrating the tripartite influence, minority stress, and social comparison theories to explain body image and disordered eating in Chinese sexual minority men and women. Body Image 2022; 43:95-106. [PMID: 36095853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Theories of eating pathology explain body image and disordered eating in diverse populations, including sexual minority (SM) individuals. Yet, previous efforts to extend theories of eating pathology to SM individuals have mostly focused on Western populations. The present study integrated the tripartite influence, minority stress, and social comparison models to explain variance in body image and disordered eating in Chinese SM men and women. Chinese self-identified SM adults (N = 1051; n = 519 men, n = 532 women) completed an online, cross-sectional study that assessed sociocultural influences (e.g., tripartite influence), minority stress, social comparisons, drive for muscularity, and disordered eating. Two integrated models were tested for men and women using structural equation modeling. Across both populations, sociocultural influences exerted the largest direct positive effects on body image and disordered eating. In men, only downward body image comparisons were uniquely related to outcomes. In women, higher upward body image comparisons were uniquely associated with higher drive for muscularity and higher downward body image comparisons were uniquely associated with higher thinness-oriented disordered eating. Minority stressors (e.g., sexual orientation concealment, internalized homophobia) were uniquely related to outcomes in men, not women. Findings extend existing theories of body image and disordered eating to Chinese SM populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Hongyi Sun
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Lu
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinni Han
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Heron KE, Braitman AL, Dawson CA, Sandoval CM, Butler LV, Moulder A, Lewis RJ. Rationale and Design of an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Examining Predictors of Binge Eating Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Young Women: Protocol for the Health and Experiences in Real Life (HER Life) Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e41199. [PMID: 36269642 PMCID: PMC9636528 DOI: 10.2196/41199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has identified health disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual women, including increased rates of obesity and binge eating in sexual minority women. Established predictors of binge eating behavior include negative emotions and sociocultural processes; however, these studies are generally conducted in samples of young women where sexual identity is not known or reported. There is a dearth of research evaluating how sexual minority-specific factors (eg, minority stress and connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer community) may affect binge eating in sexual minority women. In addition, no studies have examined these processes in racially diverse samples or considered how intersecting minority identities (eg, Black and sexual minority) may affect eating behaviors. OBJECTIVE The Health and Experiences in Real Life (HER Life) Project aims to clarify real-world predictors of binge eating in young heterosexual and sexual minority women using ecological momentary assessment. The role of affective, social, and health behavior factors in binge eating will be examined for all women (aim 1), and sexual minority-specific predictors will also be considered for sexual minority women participants (aim 2). Person-level moderators of race, body- and eating-related factors, and sexual minority-specific factors will also be examined to better understand how real-world binge eating predictors may differ for various demographic groups (aim 3). METHODS Researchers aim to recruit 150 sexual minority and 150 heterosexual women from across the United States, including at least 50 Black women for each group, using web-based recruitment methods. The eligibility criteria include identifying as a woman, being aged between 18 and 30 years, and having had at least two binge eating episodes in the last 2 weeks. Participants must endorse being only or mostly attracted to men (considered heterosexual) or only or mostly attracted to women or having a current or most recent female partner (considered sexual minority). Eligible participants complete an initial web-based baseline survey and then 14 days of ecological momentary assessment involving the completion of a morning and before-bed survey and 5 prompted surveys per day as well as a user-initiated survey after binge eating episodes. The data will be analyzed using a series of multilevel models. RESULTS Data collection started in February 2021. We have currently enrolled 129 sexual minority women and 146 heterosexual women. Data collection is expected to conclude in fall 2022. CONCLUSIONS The Health and Experiences in Real Life Project aims to elucidate potential differences between sexual minority and heterosexual women in within-person factors predicting binge eating and inform eating disorder interventions for sexual minority women. The challenges in recruiting sexual minority women, including the determination of eligibility criteria and considerations for remote data collection, are discussed. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Heron
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psycholology, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Abby L Braitman
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psycholology, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Charlotte A Dawson
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psycholology, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Cassidy M Sandoval
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psycholology, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Lauren V Butler
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Alicia Moulder
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Robin J Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psycholology, Norfolk, VA, United States
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Panza E, Fehling KB, Pantalone DW, Dodson S, Selby EA. Multiply marginalized: Linking minority stress due to sexual orientation, gender, and weight to dysregulated eating among sexual minority women of higher body weight. PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY 2021; 8:420-428. [PMID: 34926715 PMCID: PMC8675908 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed whether baseline levels of distal and proximal minority stressors related to sexual orientation, gender, and weight were associated with prospective risk for dysregulated eating in daily life among sexual minority women with overweight/obesity. METHODS Fifty-five sexual minority women ages 18-60 (M = 25 ± 9) with BMI > 25kg/m2 (M = 32 ± 5) completed baseline assessments of distal and proximal minority stressors due to sexual orientation, gender, and weight. Participants then completed an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) protocol. For five days, participants responded to five random prompts assessing engagement in dysregulated eating (i.e., overeating, binge eating). The cumulative number of EMA-measured overeating and binge eating episodes was summed per participant. RESULTS Several minority stressors related to sexual orientation, gender, and weight were associated with prospective risk for dysregulated eating behaviors during EMA. Women with higher (vs. lower) baseline levels of internalized homophobia reported more cumulative episodes of binge eating during the EMA period. Women reporting greater (vs. less) baseline sexual orientation concealment reported more episodes of overeating during the EMA period. Women with greater (vs. less) baseline weight bias experiences and internalization reported more overeating and binge eating episodes during the EMA period. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this pilot study identify internalized homophobia, sexual orientation concealment, and experienced and internalized weight bias as potential risk factors for dysregulated eating behaviors among sexual minority women of higher body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Panza
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University
| | - Kara B. Fehling
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - David W. Pantalone
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA
| | - Samira Dodson
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
- Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY
| | - Edward A. Selby
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
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Convertino AD, Helm JL, Pennesi JL, Gonzales M, Blashill AJ. Integrating minority stress theory and the tripartite influence model: A model of eating disordered behavior in sexual minority young adults. Appetite 2021; 163:105204. [PMID: 33741450 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses associated with high mortality rates and health complications. Prior research has found increased rates of eating pathology in sexual minority (SM; e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual) individuals compared to sexual majority (i.e., heterosexual) individuals. Two prominent models have potential to explain these differences: the tripartite influence model and minority stress theory. While both models separately have promise for explaining the pathway of eating disordered behavior in SM individuals, research has indicated that both models have unexplained variance. Therefore, a comprehensive, integrative model could further explain unique variance. 479 men and 483 women between 18 and 30 years old were recruited through Qualtrics; all participants endorsed attraction to same-gender partners. Two models were estimated by gender using structural equation modeling. For men and women, community involvement accelerated the positive association of heterosexist discrimination with internalized homophobia. Minority stressors were associated with dissatisfaction and muscularity behavior, indicating the importance of incorporating minority stress. For women, community involvement accelerated both the association of pressures with muscularity internalization and the association of muscularity-based dissatisfaction with muscle building behaviors. If confirmed by prospective studies, this model could help refine prevention and intervention efforts with this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Convertino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States
| | - Jonathan L Helm
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States
| | - Jamie-Lee Pennesi
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States
| | - Manuel Gonzales
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States
| | - Aaron J Blashill
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States.
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Panza E, Olson K, Selby EA, Wing RR. State versus trait weight, shape, and eating concerns: Disentangling influence on eating behaviors among sexual minority women. Body Image 2021; 36:107-116. [PMID: 33279785 PMCID: PMC7987775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relative influence of trait and state weight, shape, and eating concerns on dysregulated eating in the daily lives of sexual minority women with overweight and obesity. This study is a secondary analysis of data from an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study of 55 sexual minority women with overweight/obesity. Trait shape, weight, and eating concerns were assessed at baseline. For the following five days, participants used a smartphone to report state weight/shape concerns, overeating, and binge eating five times daily. Women who endorsed higher levels of trait weight, shape, and eating concerns at baseline reported more frequent state weight/shape concerns in daily life. Trait eating concerns were associated with higher odds of binge eating during EMA, but trait weight/shape concerns were unrelated to future dysregulated eating. In daily life, state weight/shape concerns was associated with greater risk for over/binge eating at the concurrent EMA prompt, the subsequent EMA prompt, and over the course of a full day, independent of trait concerns. State weight and shape concerns may play an important role in predicting dysregulated eating in daily life among sexual minority women of higher body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Panza
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - KayLoni Olson
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Edward A Selby
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rena R Wing
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Mason TB, Mozdzierz P, Wang S, Smith KE. Discrimination and Eating Disorder Psychopathology: A Meta-Analysis. Behav Ther 2021; 52:406-417. [PMID: 33622509 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders occur in diverse populations, and discrimination may be a specific factor that is related to higher eating disorder psychopathology among marginalized individuals. To evaluate the current evidence on this topic, a meta-analysis was used to quantitatively synthesize the literature on discrimination and eating disorder psychopathology across a heterogeneous range of studies. Searches were conducted in peer-reviewed journals and accessible unpublished dissertations of all years through January 2020. Studies were coded by two authors using a tailored coding form, and zero-order bivariate correlations were used as effect size measures. There were 55 cross-sectional studies extracted for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results showed a small-to-medium association between discrimination and eating disorder psychopathology that was consistent across domains. Effect sizes were typically higher for weight discrimination. For binge eating and general eating disorder pathology, effects were smaller in studies that had larger proportions of women, and for binge eating only, effects were higher in college samples. These findings could suggest that discrimination represents a contributory factor related to eating disorder psychopathology across types of discrimination and eating disorder psychopathology. Implications are discussed for future research on discrimination and psychopathology including possible mechanisms.
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Sanchez C, Grzenda A, Varias A, Widge AS, Carpenter LL, McDonald WM, Nemeroff CB, Kalin NH, Martin G, Tohen M, Filippou-Frye M, Ramsey D, Linos E, Mangurian C, Rodriguez CI. Social media recruitment for mental health research: A systematic review. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 103:152197. [PMID: 32992073 PMCID: PMC7704547 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media holds exciting promise for advancing mental health research recruitment, however, the extent and efficacy to which these platforms are currently in use are underexplored. OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to characterize the current use and efficacy of social media in recruiting participants for mental health research. METHOD A literature review was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO. Only non-duplicative manuscripts written in the English language and published between 1/1/2004-3/31/2019 were selected for further screening. Data extracted included study type and design, participant inclusion criteria, social media platform, advertising strategy, final recruited sample size, recruitment location, year, monetary incentives, comparison to other recruitment methods if performed, and final cost per participant. RESULTS A total of 176 unique studies that used social media for mental health research recruitment were reviewed. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (62.5%) in design and recruited adults. Facebook was overwhelmingly the recruitment platform of choice (92.6%), with the use of paid advertisements being the predominant strategy (60.8%). Of the reviewed studies, substance abuse (43.8%) and mood disorders (15.3%) were the primary subjects of investigation. In 68.3% of studies, social media recruitment performed as well as or better than traditional recruitment methods in the number and cost of final enrolled participants. The majority of studies used Facebook for recruitment at a median cost per final recruited study participant of $19.47. In 55.6% of the studies, social media recruitment was the more cost-effective recruitment method when compared to traditional methods (e.g., referrals, mailing). CONCLUSION Social media appears to be an effective and economical recruitment tool for mental health research. The platform raises methodological and privacy concerns not covered in current research regulations that warrant additional consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne Grzenda
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Varias
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alik S Widge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William M McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ned H Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Glenn Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauricio Tohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Maria Filippou-Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Drew Ramsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleni Linos
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christina Mangurian
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn I Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Parker LL, Harriger JA. Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors in the LGBT population: a review of the literature. J Eat Disord 2020; 8:51. [PMID: 33088566 PMCID: PMC7566158 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to past research, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals experience a higher prevalence of psychopathology, which is attributable to the increased stress (i.e., stigma and prejudice) that they experience, as detailed by the minority stress model (MSM). MAIN This current literature review examined the empirical literature regarding the rates and types of, and risk factors for eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors in LGBT adults and adolescents, in addition to each individual subgroup (i.e., lesbians, gay males, bisexuals, transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals). CONCLUSION LGBT adults and adolescents experience greater incidence of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors than their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Additionally, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults and adolescents were all at increased risk for eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. Mixed results were found for lesbian adults and adolescents. Results are discussed within the framework of the MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacie L Parker
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson Street, Suite 106, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
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A Randomised Experiment Evaluating the Mindful Raisin Practice as a Method of Reducing Chocolate Consumption During and After a Mindless Activity. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-019-00159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study investigated the impact of the mindful raisin exercise on overeating during and after the experiment while controlling for wellbeing. One-hundred and twenty-eight participants were recruited and completed a questionnaire on wellbeing (i.e. depression, anxiety and stress) and state mindfulness. Participants were randomly allocated to either the mindful raisin exercise or a newspaper reading control condition. The State Mindfulness Scale was then completed again, and participants watched a neutral video while exposed to chocolate for 10 min. For those 10 min, results showed that the mindfulness condition translated into lower food consumption during the mindless activity when compared to the control condition. Post experiment, participants were asked to wait for 5 min, and any extra chocolate consumption during this time was recorded. Post-consumption was non-significantly different between the two groups, with those in the mindfulness condition consuming 1.3 g less than those in the control group. Controlling for wellbeing did not alter the impact of the mindfulness intervention on consumption. Implications for future work and practical applications for weight regulation are discussed.
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Stigma control model of dysregulated eating: A momentary maintenance model of dysregulated eating among marginalized/stigmatized individuals. Appetite 2019; 132:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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