1
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Li M, Wang Y, Tao F, Xu P, Zhang S. QTY code designed antibodies for aggregation prevention: A structural bioinformatic and computational study. Proteins 2024; 92:206-218. [PMID: 37795805 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are the most rapidly growing class of molecular medicine, and they are beneficial to the treatment of a broad spectrum of human diseases. However, the aggregation of antibodies during the process of manufacture, distribution, and storage poses significant challenges, potentially compromising efficacy and inducing adverse immune responses. We previously conceived a QTY (glutamine, threonine, tyrosine) code, a simple tool for enhancing protein water-solubility by systematically pairwise replacing hydrophobic residues L (leucine), V (valine)/I (isoleucine), and F (phenylalanine). The QTY code offers a promising alternative to traditional methods of controlling aggregation in integral transmembrane proteins. In this study, we designed variants of four antibodies applying the QTY code, changing only the β-sheets. Through the structure-based aggregation analysis, we found that these QTY antibody variants demonstrated significantly decreased aggregation propensity compared to their wild-type counter parts. Our results of molecular dynamics simulations showed that the design by QTY code is capable of maintaining the antigen-binding affinity and structural stability. Our structural informatic and computational study suggests that the QTY code offers a significant potential in mitigating antibody aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Architecture, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Architecture, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Nabhan M, Meunier S, Le-Minh V, Robin B, de Bourayne M, Smadja C, Maillère B, Pallardy M, Turbica I. Infliximab aggregates produced in severe and mild elevated temperature stress conditions induce an extended specific CD4 T-cell response. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106670. [PMID: 38070782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation has been widely described as a factor contributing to therapeutic antibody immunogenicity. Although production of high-affinity anti-drug antibodies depends on the activation of CD4 T lymphocytes, little is known about the T-cell response induced by antibody aggregates, especially for aggregates produced in mild conditions resulting from minor handling errors of vials. Large insoluble infliximab (IFX) aggregates produced in severe elevated temperature stress conditions have been previously shown to induce human monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) maturation. We here showed that large IFX aggregates recruit in vitro a significantly higher number of CD4 T-cells compared to native IFX. Moreover, a larger array of T-cell epitopes encompassing the entire variable regions was evidenced compared to the native antibody. We then compared the responses of moDCs to different types of aggregates generated by submitting IFX to mild conditions of various times of incubation at an elevated temperature. Decreasing stress duration reduced aggregate size and quantity, and subsequently altered moDC activation. Of importance, IFX aggregates generated in mild conditions and not altering moDC phenotype generated an in vitro T-cell response with a higher frequency of CD4 T cells compared to native IFX. Moreover, cross-reactivity studies of aggregate-specific T cells showed that some T cells could recognize both native and aggregated IFX, while others responded only to IFX aggregates. Taken together, our results suggest that aggregation of antibodies in mild elevated temperature stress conditions is sufficient to alter moDC phenotype in a dose-dependent manner and to increase T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Nabhan
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 91 400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LABEX LERMIT), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Sylvain Meunier
- Université de Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LABEX LERMIT), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Victor Le-Minh
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91 400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LABEX LERMIT), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Baptiste Robin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91 400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LABEX LERMIT), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Marie de Bourayne
- Université de Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LABEX LERMIT), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Claire Smadja
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91 400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LABEX LERMIT), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Bernard Maillère
- Université de Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LABEX LERMIT), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 91 400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LABEX LERMIT), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Isabelle Turbica
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 91 400 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Excellence en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LABEX LERMIT), 91400 Orsay, France.
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3
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Brun MK, Bjørlykke KH, Viken MK, Stenvik GE, Klaasen RA, Gehin JE, Warren DJ, Sexton J, Sandanger Ø, Kvien TK, Mørk C, Haavardsholm EA, Jahnsen J, Goll GL, Lie BA, Bolstad N, Jørgensen KK, Syversen SW. HLA-DQ2 is associated with anti-drug antibody formation to infliximab in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. J Intern Med 2023; 293:648-655. [PMID: 36843323 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunogenicity to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors is a significant clinical problem leading to treatment failure and adverse events. The study aimed to assess human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations with anti-drug antibody (ADAb) formation to infliximab. METHODS Immune-mediated inflammatory disease patients on infliximab therapy (n = 612) were included. Neutralising ADAb were assessed with a drug-sensitive assay. Next generation sequencing-based HLA typing was performed. RESULTS Overall, 147 (24%) patients developed ADAb. Conditional analyses indicated HLA-DQB1 (p = 1.4 × 10-6 ) as a primary risk locus. Highest risk of ADAb was seen when carrying at least one of the HLA-DQ2 haplotypes; DQB1*02:01-DQA1*05:01 or DQB1*02:02-DQA1*02:01 (OR 3.18, 95% CI 2.15-4.69 and p = 5.9 × 10-9 ). Results were consistent across diseases and when adjusting for concomitant immunomodulator. Computational predictions indicated that these HLA-DQ2 haplotypes bind to peptide motifs from infliximab light chain. CONCLUSION A genome-wide significant association between two HLA-DQ2 haplotypes and the risk of ADAb formation to infliximab was identified, suggesting that HLA-DQ2 testing may facilitate personalised treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Kirkesaether Brun
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Hammersbøen Bjørlykke
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Marte K Viken
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe-Elisabeth Stenvik
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf A Klaasen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna E Gehin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David John Warren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joseph Sexton
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tore K Kvien
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cato Mørk
- Akershus Dermatology Center, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Espen A Haavardsholm
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Bolstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Silje Watterdal Syversen
- Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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4
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Casasola-LaMacchia A, Seward RJ, Tourdot S, Willetts M, Kruppa G, Agostino MJ, Bergeron G, Ahyi-Amendah N, Ciarla A, Lu Z, Kim HY, Hickling TP, Neubert H. HLAII peptide presentation of infliximab increases when complexed with TNF. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932252. [PMID: 36177046 PMCID: PMC9513746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T-cell activation through recognition of Human Leukocyte Antigen II (HLAII)-presented peptides is a key step in the development of unwanted immune response against biotherapeutics, such as the generation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA). Therefore, the identification of HLAII-presented peptides derived from biotherapeutics is a crucial part of immunogenicity risk assessment and mitigation strategies during drug development. To date, numerous CD4+ T-cell epitopes have been identified by HLAII immunopeptidomics in antibody-based biotherapeutics using either their native or aggregated form. Antibody-target immune complexes have been detected in patients with ADA and are thought to play a role in ADA development by enhancing the presentation of CD4+ T-cell epitopes at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biotherapeutic antibody-target immune complexes on the HLAII peptide presentation of biotherapeutics in human primary monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The trimeric tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its biotherapeutic antagonists infliximab (INFL), adalimumab (ADAL), and a single armed Fab’ were used as a model system. The HLAII immunopeptidome of DCs loaded with antagonists or their immune complexes with TNF was analyzed by trapped ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (timsTOF MS) leading to the identification of ~ 12,000 unique HLAII-associated peptides per preparation. Anti-TNF sequences were detected at a median of 0.3% of the total immunopeptidome, against a majority background of peptides from endogenous and media-derived proteins. TNF antagonist presentation spanned the variable and constant regions in a widespread manner in both light and heavy chains, consistent with previously discovered HLAII peptides. This investigation extends the collection of observed HLAII peptides from anti-TNF biotherapeutics to include sequences that at least partially span the complementary determining regions (CDRs), such as the LCDR1 for both INFL and ADAL. Although antagonist presentation varied significantly across donors, peptides from both bivalent antagonists INFL and ADAL were more highly presented relative to the Fab’. While TNF immune complexes did not alter overall HLAII presentation, a moderate increase in presentation of a subset of peptide clusters was observed in the case of INFL-TNF, which included HCDR2, HCDR3 and LCDR2 sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casasola-LaMacchia
- BioMedicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrea Casasola-LaMacchia,
| | - Robert Joseph Seward
- BioMedicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, United States
| | - Sophie Tourdot
- BioMedicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, United States
| | | | - Gary Kruppa
- Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA, United States
| | | | - Gabrielle Bergeron
- BioMedicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, United States
| | - Nathalie Ahyi-Amendah
- BioMedicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, United States
| | - Andrew Ciarla
- BioMedicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, United States
| | - Zhaojiang Lu
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, United States
| | - Hai-Young Kim
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, United States
| | - Timothy P. Hickling
- BioMedicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, United States
| | - Hendrik Neubert
- BioMedicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, United States
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5
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Deciphering the high viscosity of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody in high concentration formulations by microdialysis-hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1335-1345. [PMID: 34999091 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High concentration formulations of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly desired for subcutaneous injection. However, high concentration formulations can exhibit unusual molecular behaviors, such as high viscosity or aggregation, that present challenges for manufacturing and administration. To understand the molecular mechanism of the high viscosity exhibited by high concentration protein formulations, we analyzed a human IgG4 (mAb1) at high protein concentrations using sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC), X-ray crystallography, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), and protein surface patches analysis. Particularly, we developed a microdialysis HDX-MS method to determine intermolecular interactions at different protein concentrations. SV-AUC revealed that mAb1 displayed a propensity for self-association of Fab-Fab, Fab-Fc, and Fc-Fc. mAb1 crystal structure and HDX-MS results demonstrated self-association between complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) and Fc through electrostatic interactions. HDX-MS also indicated Fab-Fab interactions through hydrophobic surface patches constructed by mAb1 CDRs. Our multi-method approach, including fast screening of SV-AUC as well as interface analysis by X-ray crystallography and HDX-MS, helped to elucidate the high viscosity of mAb1 at high concentrations as induced by self-associations of Fab-Fc and Fab-Fab.
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6
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A Multi-Method Approach to Assess the Self-Interaction Behavior of Infliximab. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:1979-1988. [PMID: 33556386 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Attractive self-interaction processes in antibody formulations increase the risk of aggregation and extraordinarily elevated viscosity at high protein concentrations. These challenges affect manufacturing and application. This study aimed to understand the self-interaction process of Infliximab as a model system with pronounced attractive self-interaction. The association mechanism was studied by a multi-method approach comprising analytical ultracentrifugation, dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, self-interaction bio-layer interferometry and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Based on our results, both Fab and Fc regions of Infliximab are involved in self-interaction. We hypothesize a mechanism based on electrostatic interactions of polar and charged residues within the identified areas of the heavy and the light chain of the mAb. The combination of fast and reliable screening methods and low throughput but high resolution methods can contribute to detailed characterization and deeper understanding of specific self-interaction processes.
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7
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Domnowski M, Lo Presti K, Binder J, Reindl J, Lehmann L, Kummer F, Wolber M, Satzger M, Dehling M, Jaehrling J, Frieß W. Generation of mAb Variants with Less Attractive Self-Interaction but Preserved Target Binding by Well-Directed Mutation. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:236-245. [PMID: 33331157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strongly attractive self-interaction of therapeutic protein candidates can impose challenges for manufacturing, filling, stability, and administration due to elevated viscosity or aggregation propensity. Suitable formulations can mitigate these issues to a certain extent. Understanding the self-interaction mechanism on a molecular basis and rational protein engineering provides a more fundamental approach, and it can save costs and efforts as well as alleviate risks at later stages of development. In this study, we used computational methods for the identification of aggregation-prone regions in a mAb and generated mutants based on these findings. We applied hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to identify distinct self-interaction hot spots. Ultimately, we generated mAb variants based on a combination of both approaches and identified mutants with low attractive self-interaction propensity, minimal off-target binding, and even improved target binding. Our data show that the introduction of arginine in spatial proximity to hydrophobic patches is highly beneficial on all these levels. For our mAb, variants that contain more than one aspartate residue flanking to the hydrophobic HCDR3 show decreased attractive self-interaction at unaffected off-target and target binding. The combined engineering strategy described here underlines the high potential of understanding self-interaction in the early stages of development to predict and reduce the risk of failure in subsequent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Domnowski
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich 81377, Germany.,MorphoSys AG, Department of Protein Sciences (Research), Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Ken Lo Presti
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Jonas Binder
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Josef Reindl
- MorphoSys AG, Department of Protein Sciences (Research), Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Lucille Lehmann
- MorphoSys AG, Department of Protein Sciences (Research), Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Felix Kummer
- MorphoSys AG, Department of Protein Sciences (Research), Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Meike Wolber
- MorphoSys AG, Department of Protein Sciences (Research), Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Marion Satzger
- MorphoSys AG, Department of Protein Sciences (Research), Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Marco Dehling
- MorphoSys AG, Department of Protein Sciences (Research), Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Jan Jaehrling
- MorphoSys AG, Department of Protein Sciences (Research), Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frieß
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig Maximilians-Universitaet, Munich 81377, Germany
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8
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Nabhan M, Legrand FX, Le-Minh V, Robin B, Bechara R, Huang N, Smadja C, Pallardy M, Turbica I. The FcγRIIa–Syk Axis Controls Human Dendritic Cell Activation and T Cell Response Induced by Infliximab Aggregates. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2351-2361. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Krieg D, Berner C, Winter G, Svilenov HL. Biophysical Characterization of Binary Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Mixtures. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2971-2986. [PMID: 32687367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coformulations containing two therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could offer various benefits like enhanced therapeutic efficacy and better patient compliance. However, there are very few published studies on coformulations and binary mixtures of mAbs. It remains unclear to what extent mAbs with different physicochemical properties can be combined in solution without detrimental effects on protein stability. Here, we present a study including six model mAbs of the IgG1 subclass that are commercially available. In silico and biophysical characterization shows that the proteins have different physicochemical properties. Thus, their combinations represent various scenarios for coformulation development. We prepared all possible binary mixtures of the six mAbs and determined several biophysical parameters that are assessed during early-stage protein drug product development. The measured biophysical parameters are indicative of the conformational protein stability (inflection points of the thermal protein unfolding transitions) and the colloidal protein stability (aggregation onset temperatures and interaction parameter kD from dynamic light scattering). Remarkably, all 15 binary mAb mixtures do not exhibit biophysical parameters that indicate inferior conformational or colloidal stability compared to the least stable mAb in the mixture. Our findings suggest that the coformulation of some therapeutic monoclonal antibodies of the IgG1 subclass could be possible in a straightforward way as severe detrimental effects on the stability of these proteins in binary mixtures were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Krieg
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Carolin Berner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Hristo L Svilenov
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Munich D-81377, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Garching 85747, Germany
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10
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Nabhan M, Pallardy M, Turbica I. Immunogenicity of Bioproducts: Cellular Models to Evaluate the Impact of Therapeutic Antibody Aggregates. Front Immunol 2020; 11:725. [PMID: 32431697 PMCID: PMC7214678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients treated with bioproducts (BPs) frequently develop anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) with potential neutralizing capacities leading to loss of clinical response or potential hypersensitivity reactions. Many factors can influence BP immunogenicity and could be related to the patient, the treatment, as well as to the product itself. Among these latter factors, it is now well accepted that BP aggregation is associated with an increased potential for immunogenicity, as aggregates seem to be correlated with ADA development. Moreover, the presence of high-affinity ADAs suggests a CD4 T-cell dependent adaptive immune response and therefore a pivotal role for antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs). In this review, we address the in vitro methods developed to evaluate how monoclonal antibodies could trigger the immunization process by focusing on the role of aggregated antibodies in the establishment of this response. In particular, we will present the different cell-based assays that have been used to assess the potential of antibodies and their aggregates to modulate cellular mechanisms leading to activation and the biological parameters (cellular activation markers, proliferation and secreted molecules) that can be measured to evaluate the different cell activation stages and their consequences in the propagation of the immune response. Indeed, the use of such strategies could help evaluate the risk of BP immunogenicity and their role in mitigating this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Nabhan
- Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Isabelle Turbica
- Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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11
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Reslan M, Sifniotis V, Cruz E, Sumer-Bayraktar Z, Cordwell S, Kayser V. Enhancing the stability of adalimumab by engineering additional glycosylation motifs. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:189-196. [PMID: 32360204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are of high value in the diagnostic and treatment of many debilitating diseases such as cancers, auto-immune disorders and infections. Unfortunately, protein aggregation is one of the ongoing challenges, limiting the development and application of mAbs as therapeutic products by decreasing half-life, increasing immunogenicity and reducing activity. We engineered an aggregation-prone region of adalimumab, the top selling mAb product worldwide - with additional glycosylation sites to enhance its resistance to aggregation by steric hindrance as a next generation biologic. We found that the addition of N-glycans in the Fab domain significantly enhanced its conformational stability, with some variants increasing the melting temperature of the Fab domain by >6 °C. The mutations tested had minimal impact on antigen binding affinity, or affinity to Fcγ receptors responsible for effector function. Our findings highlight the significant utility of this rational engineering approach for enhancing the conformational stability of therapeutic mAbs and other next-generation antibody formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad Reslan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Vicki Sifniotis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Esteban Cruz
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Zeynep Sumer-Bayraktar
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Stuart Cordwell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Veysel Kayser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Kumari A, Prasad DN, Kumar S, Singh RK. Clinical Benefits of Switching from Original Infliximab to its Biosimilar (CT-P13) as a Potential TNF-α Inhibitor. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 000:1-9. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher-order structure (HOS) assessment is an important component of biosimilarity evaluations. While established spectroscopic methods are routinely used to characterize structure and evaluate similarity, the addition of X-ray crystallographic analysis to these biophysical methods enables orthogonal elucidation of HOS at higher resolution. METHODS Crystal structures of the infliximab biosimilar PF-06438179/GP1111 and the reference product Remicade®, sourced from US and European Union markets, were determined and compared to evaluate HOS similarity. Analytical ultracentrifugation studies were conducted to understand reversible self-association. RESULTS In contrast to more routine spectroscopic methods, the crystal structures enable three-dimensional assessment of complementarity-determining regions and other local regions at near-atomic resolution. The biosimilar structures are highly similar to those of the reference product, as demonstrated visually and though all-atom root-mean-squared deviation measurements. CONCLUSION The structures provide new insights into the physicochemical properties of the proposed biosimilar and the reference product, further strengthening the 'totality of evidence' in the evaluation of similarity.
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Integrative Approaches in Structural Biology: A More Complete Picture from the Combination of Individual Techniques. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080370. [PMID: 31416261 PMCID: PMC6723403 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent technological and computational advancements, structural biology has begun to tackle more and more difficult questions, including complex biochemical pathways and transient interactions among macromolecules. This has demonstrated that, to approach the complexity of biology, one single technique is largely insufficient and unable to yield thorough answers, whereas integrated approaches have been more and more adopted with successful results. Traditional structural techniques (X-ray crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)) and the emerging ones (cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)), together with molecular modeling, have pros and cons which very nicely complement one another. In this review, three examples of synergistic approaches chosen from our previous research will be revisited. The first shows how the joint use of both solution and solid-state NMR (SSNMR), X-ray crystallography, and cryo-EM is crucial to elucidate the structure of polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated asparaginase, which would not be obtainable through any of the techniques taken alone. The second deals with the integrated use of NMR, X-ray crystallography, and SAXS in order to elucidate the catalytic mechanism of an enzyme that is based on the flexibility of the enzyme itself. The third one shows how it is possible to put together experimental data from X-ray crystallography and NMR restraints in order to refine a protein model in order to obtain a structure which simultaneously satisfies both experimental datasets and is therefore closer to the ‘real structure’.
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15
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Sifniotis V, Cruz E, Eroglu B, Kayser V. Current Advancements in Addressing Key Challenges of Therapeutic Antibody Design, Manufacture, and Formulation. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E36. [PMID: 31544842 PMCID: PMC6640721 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibody technology heavily dominates the biologics market and continues to present as a significant industrial interest in developing novel and improved antibody treatment strategies. Many noteworthy advancements in the last decades have propelled the success of antibody development; however, there are still opportunities for improvement. In considering such interest to develop antibody therapies, this review summarizes the array of challenges and considerations faced in the design, manufacture, and formulation of therapeutic antibodies, such as stability, bioavailability and immunological engagement. We discuss the advancement of technologies that address these challenges, highlighting key antibody engineered formats that have been adapted. Furthermore, we examine the implication of novel formulation technologies such as nanocarrier delivery systems for the potential to formulate for pulmonary delivery. Finally, we comprehensively discuss developments in computational approaches for the strategic design of antibodies with modulated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Sifniotis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Esteban Cruz
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Barbaros Eroglu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Veysel Kayser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
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16
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Morgan H, Tseng SY, Gallais Y, Leineweber M, Buchmann P, Riccardi S, Nabhan M, Lo J, Gani Z, Szely N, Zhu CS, Yang M, Kiessling A, Vohr HW, Pallardy M, Aswad F, Turbica I. Evaluation of in vitro Assays to Assess the Modulation of Dendritic Cells Functions by Therapeutic Antibodies and Aggregates. Front Immunol 2019; 10:601. [PMID: 31001248 PMCID: PMC6455063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have the potential to induce immunogenicity leading to the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) that consequently may result in reduced serum drug concentrations, a loss of efficacy or potential hypersensitivity reactions. Among other factors, aggregated antibodies have been suggested to promote immunogenicity, thus enhancing ADA production. Dendritic cells (DC) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cell population and are crucial for the initiation of T cell responses and the subsequent generation of an adaptive immune response. This work focuses on the development of predictive in vitro assays that can monitor DC maturation, in order to determine whether drug products have direct DC stimulatory capabilities. To this end, four independent laboratories aligned a common protocol to differentiate human monocyte-derived DC (moDC) that were treated with either native or aggregated preparations of infliximab, natalizumab, adalimumab, or rituximab. These drug products were subjected to different forms of physical stress, heat and shear, resulting in aggregation and the formation of subvisible particles. Each partner developed and optimized assays to monitor diverse end-points of moDC maturation: measuring the upregulation of DC activation markers via flow cytometry, analyzing cytokine, and chemokine production via mRNA and protein quantification and identifying cell signaling pathways via quantification of protein phosphorylation. These study results indicated that infliximab, with the highest propensity to form aggregates when heat-stressed, induced a marked activation of moDC as measured by an increase in CD83 and CD86 surface expression, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, CCL3, and CCL4 transcript upregulation and release of respective proteins, and phosphorylation of the intracellular signaling proteins Syk, ERK1/2, and Akt. In contrast, natalizumab, which does not aggregate under these stress conditions, induced no DC activation in any assay system, whereas adalimumab or rituximab aggregates induced only slight parameter variation. Importantly, the data generated in the different assay systems by each partner site correlated and supported the use of these assays to monitor drug-intrinsic propensities to drive maturation of DC. This moDC assay is also a valuable tool as an in vitro model to assess the intracellular mechanisms that drive DC activation by aggregated therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Morgan
- Translational Immunology, Discovery & Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Su-Yi Tseng
- Biologics Research, Lead Discovery, Immunoprofiling, Bayer US LLC, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yann Gallais
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Fac. de pharmacie - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Margret Leineweber
- Immunotoxicology, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Pascale Buchmann
- Immunotoxicology, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sabrina Riccardi
- Translational Immunology, Discovery & Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Nabhan
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Fac. de pharmacie - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jeannette Lo
- Biologics Research, Lead Discovery, Immunoprofiling, Bayer US LLC, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zaahira Gani
- Translational Immunology, Discovery & Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Szely
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Fac. de pharmacie - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cornelia S Zhu
- Immunotoxicology, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ming Yang
- Biologics Research, Lead Discovery, Immunoprofiling, Bayer US LLC, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Kiessling
- Translational Immunology, Discovery & Investigative Safety, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Werner Vohr
- Immunotoxicology, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Fac. de pharmacie - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Fred Aswad
- Biologics Research, Lead Discovery, Immunoprofiling, Bayer US LLC, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Isabelle Turbica
- Inflammation, Chimiokines et Immunopathologie, INSERM, Fac. de pharmacie - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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17
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Cerofolini L, Giuntini S, Carlon A, Ravera E, Calderone V, Fragai M, Parigi G, Luchinat C. Characterization of PEGylated Asparaginase: New Opportunities from NMR Analysis of Large PEGylated Therapeutics. Chemistry 2019; 25:1984-1991. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di, Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP) Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di, Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP) Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florence Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Azzurra Carlon
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di, Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP) Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di, Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP) Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florence Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Vito Calderone
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di, Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP) Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florence Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di, Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP) Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florence Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di, Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP) Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florence Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM)University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di, Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP) Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florence Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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18
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Wycisk K, Tarczewska A, Kaus-Drobek M, Dadlez M, Hołubowicz R, Pietras Z, Dziembowski A, Taube M, Kozak M, Orłowski M, Ożyhar A. Intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of the Helicoverpa armigera Ultraspiracle stabilizes the dimeric form via a scorpion-like structure. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:167-183. [PMID: 29944921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors activated by lipophilic compounds. NRs share a common structure comprising three domains: a variable N-terminal domain (NTD), a highly conserved globular DNA-binding domain and a ligand-binding domain. There are numerous papers describing the molecular details of the latter two globular domains. However, very little is known about the structure-function relationship of the NTD, especially as an intrinsically disordered fragment of NRs that may influence the molecular properties and, in turn, the function of globular domains. Here, we investigated whether and how an intrinsically disordered NTD consisting of 58 amino acid residues affects the functions of the globular domains of the Ultraspiracle protein from Helicoverpa armigera (HaUsp). The role of the NTD was examined for two well-known and easily testable NR functions, i.e., interactions with specific DNA sequences and dimerization. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the intrinsically disordered NTD influences the interaction of HaUsp with specific DNA sequences, apparently by destabilization of HaUsp-DNA complexes. On the other hand, multi-angle light scattering and sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that the NTD acts as a structural element that stabilizes HaUsp homodimers. Molecular models based on small-angle X-ray scattering indicate that the intrinsically disordered NTD may exert its effects on the tested HaUsp functions by forming an unexpected scorpion-like structure, in which the NTD bends towards the ligand-binding domain in each subunit of the HaUsp homodimer. This structure may be crucial for specific NTD-dependent regulation of the functions of globular domains in NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wycisk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aneta Tarczewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaus-Drobek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Hołubowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Pietras
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dziembowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Taube
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Orłowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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19
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Sivelle C, Sierocki R, Ferreira-Pinto K, Simon S, Maillere B, Nozach H. Fab is the most efficient format to express functional antibodies by yeast surface display. MAbs 2018; 10:720-729. [PMID: 29708852 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1468952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple formats are available for engineering of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by yeast surface display, but they do not all lead to efficient expression of functional molecules. We therefore expressed four anti-tumor necrosis factor and two anti-IpaD mAbs as single-chain variable fragment (scFv), antigen-binding fragment (Fab) or single-chain Fabs and compared their expression levels and antigen-binding efficiency. Although the scFv and scFab formats are widely used in the literature, 2 of 6 antibodies were either not or weakly expressed. In contrast, all 6 antibodies expressed as Fab revealed strong binding and high affinity, comparable to that of the soluble form. We also demonstrated that the variations in expression did not affect Fab functionality and were due to variations in light chain display and not to misfolded dimers. Our results suggest that Fab is the most versatile format for the engineering of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Sivelle
- a Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
| | - Raphaël Sierocki
- a Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
| | - Kelly Ferreira-Pinto
- a Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- b Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Immunoanalyse, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
| | - Bernard Maillere
- a Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
| | - Hervé Nozach
- a Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif/Yvette , France
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20
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Emsley P, Crispin M. Structural analysis of glycoproteins: building N-linked glycans with Coot. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2018; 74:256-263. [PMID: 29652253 PMCID: PMC5892875 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318005119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coot is a graphics application that is used to build or manipulate macromolecular models; its particular forte is manipulation of the model at the residue level. The model-building tools of Coot have been combined and extended to assist or automate the building of N-linked glycans. The model is built by the addition of monosaccharides, placed by variation of internal coordinates. The subsequent model is refined by real-space refinement, which is stabilized with modified and additional restraints. It is hoped that these enhanced building tools will help to reduce building errors of N-linked glycans and improve our knowledge of the structures of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Emsley
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England
| | - Max Crispin
- Centre for Biological Sciences and the Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England
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21
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Lim H, Lee SH, Lee HT, Lee JU, Son JY, Shin W, Heo YS. Structural Biology of the TNFα Antagonists Used in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518978 PMCID: PMC5877629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) to its cognate receptor initiates many immune and inflammatory processes. The drugs, etanercept (Enbrel®), infliximab (Remicade®), adalimumab (Humira®), certolizumab-pegol (Cimzia®), and golimumab (Simponi®), are anti-TNFα agents. These drugs block TNFα from interacting with its receptors and have enabled the development of breakthrough therapies for the treatment of several autoimmune inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriatic arthritis. In this review, we describe the latest works on the structural characterization of TNFα-TNFα antagonist interactions related to their therapeutic efficacy at the atomic level. A comprehensive comparison of the interactions of the TNFα blockers would provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which they neutralize TNFα. In addition, an enhanced understanding of the higher order complex structures and quinary structures of the TNFα antagonists can support the development of better biologics with the improved pharmacokinetic properties. Accumulation of these structural studies can provide a basis for the improvement of therapeutic agents against TNFα for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune inflammatory diseases in which TNFα plays an important role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Sang Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyun Tae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jee Un Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ji Young Son
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Woori Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yong-Seok Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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