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Oluwakayode A, Greer B, Meneely J, Berthiller F, Krska R, Medina A. Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Concentrations of Trichothecenes, Their Glucosides, and Emerging Fusarium Toxins in Naturally Contaminated, Irradiated, and Fusarium langsethiae Inoculated Oats. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:166. [PMID: 38668591 PMCID: PMC11055103 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichothecenes produced by Fusarium species are commonly detected in oats. However, the ratios of the concentrations of free trichothecenes and their conjugates and how they are impacted by different interacting environmental conditions are not well documented. This study aims to examine the effect of water activity (0.95 and 0.98 aw) and temperature (20 and 25 °C) stress on the production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins, deoxynivalenol and their conjugates, as well as diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS). Multiple mycotoxins were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from 64 contaminated oat samples. The highest concentrations of HT-2-glucoside (HT-2-Glc) were observed at 0.98 aw and 20 °C, and were higher than other type A trichothecenes in the natural oats' treatments. However, no statistical differences were found between the mean concentrations of HT-2-Glc and HT-2 toxins in all storage conditions analysed. DAS concentrations were generally low and highest at 0.95 aw and 20 °C, while deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside levels were highest at 0.98 aw and 20 °C in the naturally contaminated oats. Emerging mycotoxins such as beauvericin, moniliformin, and enniatins mostly increased with a rise in water activity and temperature in the naturally contaminated oats treatment. This study reinforces the importance of storage aw and temperature conditions in the high risk of free and modified toxin contamination of small cereal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola Oluwakayode
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, College Rd., Wharley End, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK;
| | - Brett Greer
- Institute for Global Food Security, National Measurement Laboratory: Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (B.G.); (J.M.); (R.K.)
- The International Joint Research Centre on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Julie Meneely
- Institute for Global Food Security, National Measurement Laboratory: Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (B.G.); (J.M.); (R.K.)
- The International Joint Research Centre on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Franz Berthiller
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute for Global Food Security, National Measurement Laboratory: Centre of Excellence in Agriculture and Food Integrity, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (B.G.); (J.M.); (R.K.)
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, College Rd., Wharley End, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK;
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Singh BK, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Egidi E, Guirado E, Leach JE, Liu H, Trivedi P. Climate change impacts on plant pathogens, food security and paths forward. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:640-656. [PMID: 37131070 PMCID: PMC10153038 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease outbreaks pose significant risks to global food security and environmental sustainability worldwide, and result in the loss of primary productivity and biodiversity that negatively impact the environmental and socio-economic conditions of affected regions. Climate change further increases outbreak risks by altering pathogen evolution and host-pathogen interactions and facilitating the emergence of new pathogenic strains. Pathogen range can shift, increasing the spread of plant diseases in new areas. In this Review, we examine how plant disease pressures are likely to change under future climate scenarios and how these changes will relate to plant productivity in natural and agricultural ecosystems. We explore current and future impacts of climate change on pathogen biogeography, disease incidence and severity, and their effects on natural ecosystems, agriculture and food production. We propose that amendment of the current conceptual framework and incorporation of eco-evolutionary theories into research could improve our mechanistic understanding and prediction of pathogen spread in future climates, to mitigate the future risk of disease outbreaks. We highlight the need for a science-policy interface that works closely with relevant intergovernmental organizations to provide effective monitoring and management of plant disease under future climate scenarios, to ensure long-term food and nutrient security and sustainability of natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emilio Guirado
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environment Studies 'Ramon Margalef', University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jan E Leach
- Microbiome Newtork and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Newtork and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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De Felice B, Spicer LJ, Caloni F. Enniatin B1: Emerging Mycotoxin and Emerging Issues. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:383. [PMID: 37368684 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although over the last 10 years several studies have focused on the emerging mycotoxins known as enniatins (ENNs), there is still a lack of knowledge regarding their toxicological effects and the development of a correct risk assessment. This is especially true for enniatin B1 (ENN B1), considered the younger sister of the widely studied enniatin B (ENN B). ENN B1 has been found in several food commodities and, as with other mycotoxins, presents antibacterial and antifungal properties. On the other hand, ENN B1 has shown cytotoxic activity, impairment of the cell cycle, the induction of oxidative stress, and changes in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, as well as negative genotoxic and estrogenic effects. Overall, considering the paucity of information available regarding ENN B1, further studies are necessary to perform a risk assessment. This review summarizes information on the biological characteristics and toxicological effects of ENN B1 as well as the future challenges that this mycotoxin could present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice De Felice
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Huang W, Zhou P, Shen G, Gao T, Liu X, Shi J, Xu J, Qiu J. Relationship Between Mycotoxin Production and Gene Expression in Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Strains Under Various Environmental Conditions. J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s12275-023-00046-4. [PMID: 37129765 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) can produce various mycotoxins and is a major concern for food quantity and quality worldwide. In this study, we determined the effects of water activity (aw), temperature, incubation time and their interactions on mycotoxin accumulation and the expression levels of biosynthetic genes in FGSC strains from maize samples in China. The highest deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol(3ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON) levels of the F. boothii and F. graminearum strains were observed at 0.98 aw/30 °C or 0.99 aw/25 °C. F. asiaticum and F. meridionale reached maximum nivalenol (NIV) and 4-acetylnivalenol (4ANIV) contents at 0.99 aw and 30 °C. With the extension of the incubation time, the concentrations of DON and NIV gradually increased, while those of their derivatives decreased. F. boothii, F. meridionale and one F. asiaticum strain had the highest zearalenone (ZEN) values at 0.95 aw and 25 °C, while the optimum conditions for the other F. asiaticum strain and F. graminearum were 0.99 aw and 30 °C. Four genes associated with trichothecene and zearalenone synthesis were significantly induced under higher water stress in the early stage of production. The results indicated independence of mycotoxin production and gene expression, as maximum amounts of these toxic metabolites were observed at higher aw in most cases. This study provides useful information for the monitoring and prevention of such toxins entering the maize production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Qiu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
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Supronienė S, Kadžienė G, Shamshitov A, Veršulienė A, Šneideris D, Ivanauskas A, Žvirdauskienė R. Soil Fungistasis against Fusarium Graminearum under Different tillage Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:966. [PMID: 36840316 PMCID: PMC9961288 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the harmful pathogen Fusarium graminearum in different agroecosystems may strongly depend on the ability of the soils to suppress its development and survival. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different soil tillage systems (i.e., conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage) on soil fungistasis against F. graminearum. Soil samples were collected three times during the plant growing season in 2016 and 2017 from a long-term, 20-year soil tillage experiment. The F. graminearum in the soil samples was quantified by real-time qPCR. The soil fungistasis was evaluated by the reduction in the radial growth of F. graminearum in an in vitro assay. The antagonistic activity of the soil bacteria was tested using the dual culture method. The F. graminearum DNA contents in the soils were negatively correlated with soil fungistasis (r = -0.649 *). F. graminearum growth on the unfumigated soil was reduced by 70-87% compared to the chloroform fumigated soil. After the plant vegetation renewal, the soil fungistasis intensity was higher in the conventionally tilled fields than in the no-tillage. However, no significant differences were obtained among the tillage treatments at the mid-plant growth stage and after harvesting. 23 out of 104 bacteria isolated from the soil had a moderate effect, and only 1 had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of F. graminearum. This bacterium was assigned 100% similarity to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Hy7 strain (gene bank no: JN382250) according to the sequence of the 16S ribosome subunit coding gene. The results of our study suggest that the presence of F. graminearum in soil is suppressed by soil fungistasis; however, the role of tillage is influenced by other factors, such as soil biological activity, type and quantity of plant residues and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skaidrė Supronienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT−58344 Kedainiai Distr., Lithuania
| | - Gražina Kadžienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT−58344 Kedainiai Distr., Lithuania
| | - Arman Shamshitov
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT−58344 Kedainiai Distr., Lithuania
| | - Agnė Veršulienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT−58344 Kedainiai Distr., Lithuania
| | - Donatas Šneideris
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT−608412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Renata Žvirdauskienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT−58344 Kedainiai Distr., Lithuania
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Fungus under a Changing Climate: Modeling the Current and Future Global Distribution of Fusarium oxysporum Using Geographical Information System Data. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020468. [PMID: 36838433 PMCID: PMC9967672 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of climate change on biodiversity has been the subject of numerous research in recent years. The multiple elements of climate change are expected to affect all levels of biodiversity, including microorganisms. The common worldwide fungus Fusarium oxysporum colonizes plant roots as well as soil and several other substrates. It causes predominant vascular wilt disease in different strategic crops such as banana, tomato, palm, and even cotton, thereby leading to severe losses. So, a robust maximum entropy algorithm was implemented in the well-known modeling program Maxent to forecast the current and future global distribution of F. oxysporum under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 2.6 and 8.5) for 2050 and 2070. The Maxent model was calibrated using 1885 occurrence points. The resulting models were fit with AUC and TSS values equal to 0.9 (±0.001) and 0.7, respectively. Increasing temperatures due to global warming caused differences in habitat suitability between the current and future distributions of F. oxysporum, especially in Europe. The most effective parameter of this fungus distribution was the annual mean temperature (Bio 1); the two-dimensional niche analysis indicated that the fungus has a wide precipitation range because it can live in both dry and rainy habitats as well as a range of temperatures in which it can live to certain limits. The predicted shifts should act as an alarm sign for decision makers, particularly in countries that depend on such staple crops harmed by the fungus.
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Hoffmann A, Posirca AR, Lewin S, Verch G, Büttner C, Müller MEH. Environmental Filtering Drives Fungal Phyllosphere Community in Regional Agricultural Landscapes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:507. [PMID: 36771591 PMCID: PMC9919219 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to climate change, several agricultural strategies are currently being explored, including a shift in land use areas. Regional differences in microbiome composition and associated phytopathogens need to be considered. However, most empirical studies on differences in the crop microbiome focused on soil communities, with insufficient attention to the phyllosphere. In this study, we focused on wheat ears in three regions in northeastern Germany (Magdeburger Börde (MBB), Müncheberger Sander (MSA), Uckermärkisches Hügelland (UKH)) with different yield potentials, soil, and climatic conditions. To gain insight into the fungal community at different sites, we used a metabarcoding approach (ITS-NGS). Further, we examined the diversity and abundance of Fusarium and Alternaria using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. For each region, the prevalence of different orders rich in phytopathogenic fungi was determined: Sporidiobolales in MBB, Capnodiales and Pleosporales in MSA, and Hypocreales in UKH were identified as taxonomic biomarkers. Additionally, F. graminearum was found predominantly in UKH, whereas F. poae was more abundant in the other two regions. Environmental filters seem to be strong drivers of these differences, but we also discuss the possible effects of dispersal and interaction filters. Our results can guide shifting cultivation regions to be selected in the future concerning their phytopathogenic infection potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hoffmann
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Phytomedicine, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra-Raluca Posirca
- Phytomedicine, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
- State Office for Rural Development, Agriculture and Land Reorganization (LELF) Brandenburg, Division P, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Simon Lewin
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Verch
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Phytomedicine, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina E. H. Müller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
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Liu C, Su H, Sakuma S, Xu M, Birchler JA, Han F. Editorial: Genomics and disease resistance in wheat and maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064948. [PMID: 36457534 PMCID: PMC9706233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Handong Su
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | - Fangpu Han
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gerling M, Petry L, Barkusky D, Büttner C, Müller MEH. Infected grasses as inoculum for Fusarium infestation and mycotoxin accumulation in wheat with and without irrigation. Mycotoxin Res 2022; 39:19-31. [PMID: 36282420 PMCID: PMC10156776 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-022-00470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGrasses growing next to agricultural fields influence the Fusarium abundance, the species composition, and the mycotoxin accumulation of wheat plants, especially the field parts directly adjacent to grasses, are highly affected. Grasses are a more attractive and suitable habitat for Fusarium fungi compared to other arable weeds and occur at mostly every semi-natural landscape element (e.g., kettle holes, hedgerows, field-to-field-borders). In our study, we analyzed the ability of a highly Fusarium infected grass stripe (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. sporotrichioides) to infect an adjacent wheat field with these species. Results show that the primary inoculated Fusarium species were as well the dominant species isolated from the wheat field. Regarding transects originating from the grass stripe going into the field, the results demonstrate that wheat ears next to the infected grass stripe have a higher Fusarium abundance and furthermore show higher mycotoxin accumulation in the wheat kernels. This effect was highly promoted by irrigation. Therefore, grass stripes next to arable fields must be considered as reservoirs for fungal infections and as a source for a contamination with mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gerling
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Department of Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Petry
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Department of Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Barkusky
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Department of Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina E. H. Müller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
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Roitsch T, Himanen K, Chawade A, Jaakola L, Nehe A, Alexandersson E. Functional phenomics for improved climate resilience in Nordic agriculture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5111-5127. [PMID: 35727101 PMCID: PMC9440434 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The five Nordic countries span the most northern region for field cultivation in the world. This presents challenges per se, with short growing seasons, long days, and a need for frost tolerance. Climate change has additionally increased risks for micro-droughts and water logging, as well as pathogens and pests expanding northwards. Thus, Nordic agriculture demands crops that are adapted to the specific Nordic growth conditions and future climate scenarios. A focus on crop varieties and traits important to Nordic agriculture, including the unique resource of nutritious wild crops, can meet these needs. In fact, with a future longer growing season due to climate change, the region could contribute proportionally more to global agricultural production. This also applies to other northern regions, including the Arctic. To address current growth conditions, mitigate impacts of climate change, and meet market demands, the adaptive capacity of crops that both perform well in northern latitudes and are more climate resilient has to be increased, and better crop management systems need to be built. This requires functional phenomics approaches that integrate versatile high-throughput phenotyping, physiology, and bioinformatics. This review stresses key target traits, the opportunities of latitudinal studies, and infrastructure needs for phenotyping to support Nordic agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kristiina Himanen
- National Plant Phenotyping Infrastructure, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Ajit Nehe
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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Gil-Serna J, Patiño B, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Vázquez C, Medina Á. Searching for the Fusarium spp. Which Are Responsible for Trichothecene Contamination in Oats Using Metataxonomy to Compare the Distribution of Toxigenic Species in Fields from Spain and the UK. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090592. [PMID: 36136530 PMCID: PMC9506359 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of oats with Fusarium toxins poses a high risk for food safety. Among them, trichothecenes are the most frequently reported in European oats, especially in northern countries. The environmental conditions related to the climate change scenario might favour a distribution shift in Fusarium species and the presence of these toxins in Southern European countries. In this paper, we present an ambitious work to determine the species responsible for trichothecene contamination in Spanish oats and to compare the results in the United Kingdom (UK) using a metataxonomic approach applied to both oat grains and soil samples collected from both countries. Regarding T-2 and HT-2 toxin producers, F. langsethiae was detected in 38% and 25% of the oat samples from the UK and Spain, respectively, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of this fungus in oats from Spain. The relevant type B trichothecene producer, F. poae, was the most frequently detected Fusarium species in oats from both origins. Other important trichothecene producers, such as the Fusarium tricinctum species complex or Fusarium cerealis, were also frequently detected in oat fields. Many Fusarium toxins, including T-2 and HT-2 toxins, deoxynivalenol, or nivalenol, were detected in oat samples. The results obtained in this work revealed a clear change in the distribution of trichothecene producers and the necessity to establish the potential of these species to colonize oats and their ability to produce mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Gil-Serna
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Belén Patiño
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Covadonga Vázquez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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12
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Cagáň Ľ, Bokor P, Skoková Habuštová O. Could the Presence of Thrips AFFECT the Yield Potential of Genetically Modified and Conventional Maize? Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070502. [PMID: 35878240 PMCID: PMC9320106 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize pests like Ostrinia nubilalis and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera are eradicated using genetically modified maize. This study’s goal was to see if the genetically modified maize MON810 is also toxic to thrips communities on maize. The impact of Bt maize on thrips diversity and abundance, as well as yield losses, was studied in the field in Borovce for three years (Slovakia). The study used 10 Bt and 10 non-Bt maize cultivars. Thrips were monitored every two weeks during the season using transparent sticky traps installed on the experimental plots (one per plot, 20 per year). In total, 3426 thrips were caught. Thrips populations usually peak around the end of July at BBCH55. Among the species identified were Limothrips denticornis, Limothrips cerealium, Haplothrips aculeatus, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips tabaci, Aeolothrips fasciatus, Frankliniella tenuicornis, and Chirothrips spp. We found that MON810 maize had no effect on the occurrence or composition of thrips. Their presence was affected by the maize growth phase and growing seasons and partially by the weather. The direct effect on the grain yield was not confirmed. Our research contributed to scientific knowledge of thrips communities found on maize plants in Central Europe, including Bt maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľudovít Cagáň
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (Ľ.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Bokor
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (Ľ.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Oxana Skoková Habuštová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-387-775-252
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13
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Zingales V, Taroncher M, Martino PA, Ruiz MJ, Caloni F. Climate Change and Effects on Molds and Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070445. [PMID: 35878185 PMCID: PMC9319892 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Earth’s climate is undergoing adverse global changes as an unequivocal result of anthropogenic activity. The occurring environmental changes are slowly shaping the balance between plant growth and related fungal diseases. Climate (temperature, available water, and light quality/quantity; as well as extreme drought, desertification, and fluctuations of humid/dry cycles) represents the most important agroecosystem factor influencing the life cycle stages of fungi and their ability to colonize crops, survive, and produce toxins. The ability of mycotoxigenic fungi to respond to Climate Change (CC) may induce a shift in their geographical distribution and in the pattern of mycotoxin occurrence. The present review examines the available evidence on the impact of CC factors on growth and mycotoxin production by the key mycotoxigenic fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium, which include several species producing mycotoxins of the greatest concern worldwide: aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxins, and fumonisins (FUMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zingales
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (V.Z.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Taroncher
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (V.Z.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Piera Anna Martino
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences-One Health Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (V.Z.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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14
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Hao W, Li A, Wang J, An G, Guan S. Mycotoxin Contamination of Feeds and Raw Materials in China in Year 2021. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:929904. [PMID: 35847652 PMCID: PMC9281542 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.929904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we performed a large-scale survey of mycotoxin contamination in several feed commodities and assessed regional differences in mycotoxin occurrence in maize across China in 2021. Concentrations of aflatoxins, zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisins, and trichothecenes type B were analyzed in 2,643 raw material and compound feed samples collected from eight provinces. Generally, trichothecenes type B, fumonisins, and ZEN were most prevalent and detected in averages of positive concentrations at 1,167, 1,623, and 204 μg/kg, respectively. In the new season maize, samples were also seriously infested with trichothecenes type B, fumonisins, and ZEN, and their averages of positive concentrations were 1,302, 2,518, and 225 μg/kg, respectively. Wheat was commonly contaminated with trichothecenes type B and ZEN, and the highest concentration levels of trichothecenes type B, fumonisins, and ZEN were all detected in the samples from maize by-products. Among the different geographical regions, distinct trends were observed in new season maize. Samples from Shandong province were highly contaminated with trichothecenes type B, fumonisins, and ZEN, while special attention should be paid to aflatoxins and fumonisins in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces in East China. In addition, the present survey showed that compound feeds and raw materials are commonly contaminated by multiple mycotoxins. Trichothecenes type B and ZEN concentrations were correlated significantly in this survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Anping Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang An
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM (China) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Guan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Singapore Industrial Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Shu Guan
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15
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Meyer JC, Birr T, Hennies I, Wessels D, Schwarz K. Reduction of deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins and associated Fusarium species during commercial and laboratory de-hulling of milling oats. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1163-1183. [PMID: 35385360 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2059576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oats (Avena sativa L.) are well known for their nutritional properties but are susceptible to the growth of different Fusarium fungi resulting in mycotoxin contamination of harvested oats. In this study, oat samples from harvest years 2011 to 2017 were preselected for their suitability as milling oats for food purposes with DON contents below 1750 µg/kg. The reduction of DON, T-2 and HT-2 toxins during the commercial de-hulling process was analysed. While the average reduction for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in large oat kernels was 85%, the reduction for thin kernels was 66%. The reduction for DON was about 60% and did not differ for the two kernel fractions. In laboratory de-hulling experiments, milling oat samples and de-hulled oat kernels with known DON, T-2 and HT-2 toxin content were correlated with the associated DNA amount of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium langsethiae. The reduction of the Fusarium DNA amount after de-hulling was comparable to the reduction of the associated mycotoxins. Notably, the correlation between F. langsethiae DNA amounts and the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxin contents was R2 = 0.69 in milling oats and it rose to R2 = 0.85 in de-hulled oat kernels. In laboratory tests, at least one third of the initial levels of DON and the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins could be removed by polishing off the first parts of the outer layers; two thirds remained in the polished oat kernels. These observations indicate that de-hulling alone may not be completely sufficient to remove mycotoxin contamination in oats. These findings are of high importance in the discussion of determining legal maximum levels for DON or the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in intermediate and final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Meyer
- H.&J. Brüggen KG, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Birr
- Division of Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Institute of Phytopathology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Karin Schwarz
- Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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16
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Host Genotype and Weather Effects on Fusarium Head Blight Severity and Mycotoxin Load in Spring Barley. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020125. [PMID: 35202152 PMCID: PMC8879614 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of spring barley is relatively little understood. In a five-year study, we assessed quantitative resistance to FHB in an assortment of 17 spring barley genotypes in the field in southern Germany. To this end, we used soil and spray inoculation of plants with F. culmorum and F. avenaceum. This increased disease pressure and provoked genotypic differentiation. To normalize effects of variable weather conditions across consecutive seasons, we used a disease ranking of the genotypes based on quantification of fungal DNA contents and multiple Fusarium toxins in harvested grain. Together, this allowed for assessment of stable quantitative FHB resistance of barley in several genotypes. Fungal DNA contents were positively associated with species-specific Fusarium toxins in single years and over several years in plots with soil inoculation. In those plots, plant height limited FHB; however, this was not observed after spray inoculation. A multiple linear regression model of recorded weather parameter and fungal DNA contents over five years identified time periods during the reproductive phase of barley, in which weather strongly influenced fungal colonization measured in mature barley grain. Environmental conditions before heading and late after anthesis showed strongest associations with F. culmorum DNA in all genotypes, whereas for F. avenaceum, this was less consistent where we observed weather-dependent associations, depending on the genotype. Based on this study, we discuss aspects of practical resistance breeding in barley relevant to improve quantitative resistance to FHB and associated mycotoxin contaminations.
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17
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Taqman qPCR Quantification and Fusarium Community Analysis to Evaluate Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010045. [PMID: 35051022 PMCID: PMC8780373 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically important plant disease. Some Fusarium species produce mycotoxins that cause food safety concerns for both humans and animals. One especially important mycotoxin-producing fungus causing FHB is Fusarium graminearum. However, Fusarium species form a disease complex where different Fusarium species co-occur in the infected cereals. Effective management strategies for FHB are needed. Development of the management tools requires information about the diversity and abundance of the whole Fusarium community. Molecular quantification assays for detecting individual Fusarium species and subgroups exist, but a method for the detection and quantification of the whole Fusarium group is still lacking. In this study, a new TaqMan-based qPCR method (FusE) targeting the Fusarium-specific elongation factor region (EF1α) was developed for the detection and quantification of Fusarium spp. The FusE method was proven as a sensitive method with a detection limit of 1 pg of Fusarium DNA. Fusarium abundance results from oat samples correlated significantly with deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin content. In addition, the whole Fusarium community in Finnish oat samples was characterized with a new metabarcoding method. A shift from F. culmorum to F. graminearum in FHB-infected oats has been detected in Europe, and the results of this study confirm that. These new molecular methods can be applied in the assessment of the Fusarium community and mycotoxin risk in cereals. Knowledge gained from the Fusarium community analyses can be applied in developing and selecting effective management strategies for FHB.
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18
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Tolosa J, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ, Vila-Donat P. Multi-mycotoxin occurrence in feed, metabolism and carry-over to animal-derived food products: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112661. [PMID: 34762978 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The world requests for raw materials used in animal feed has been steadily rising in the last years driven by higher demands for livestock production. Mycotoxins are frequent toxic metabolites present in these raw materials. The exposure of farm animals to mycotoxins could result in undesirable residues in animal-derived food products. Thus, the potential ingestion of edible animal products (milk, meat and fish) contaminated with mycotoxins constitutes a public health concern, since they enter the food chain and may cause adverse effects upon human health. The present review summarizes the state-of-the-art on the occurrence of mycotoxins in feed, their metabolism and carry-over into animal source foodstuffs, focusing particularly on the last decade. Maximum levels (MLs) for various mycotoxins have been established for a number of raw feed materials and animal food products. Such values are sometimes exceeded, however. Aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), ochratoxin A (OTA), trichothecenes (TCs) and zearalenone (ZEN) are the most prevalent mycotoxins in animal feed, with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) predominating in milk and dairy products, and OTA in meat by-products. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed raw materials tends to be the rule rather than the exception, and the carry-over of mycotoxins from feed to animal source foods is more than proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tolosa
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - Y Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - M J Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - P Vila-Donat
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain.
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19
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Modelling the Effects of Weather Conditions on Cereal Grain Contamination with Deoxynivalenol in the Baltic Sea Region. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110737. [PMID: 34822522 PMCID: PMC8618390 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious diseases of small-grain cereals worldwide, resulting in yield reduction and an accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in grain. Weather conditions are known to have a significant effect on the ability of fusaria to infect cereals and produce toxins. In the past 10 years, severe outbreaks of FHB, and grain DON contamination exceeding the EU health safety limits, have occurred in countries in the Baltic Sea region. In this study, extensive data from field trials in Sweden, Poland and Lithuania were analysed to identify the most crucial weather variables for the ability of Fusarium to produce DON. Models were developed for the prediction of DON contamination levels in harvested grain exceeding 200 µg kg−1 for oats, spring barley and spring wheat in Sweden and winter wheat in Poland, and 1250 µg kg−1 for spring wheat in Lithuania. These models were able to predict high DON levels with an accuracy of 70–81%. Relative humidity (RH) and precipitation (PREC) were identified as the weather factors with the greatest influence on DON accumulation in grain, with high RH and PREC around flowering and later in grain development and ripening correlated with high DON levels. High temperatures during grain development and senescence reduced the risk of DON accumulation. The performance of the models, based only on weather variables, was relatively accurate. In future studies, it might be of interest to determine whether inclusion of variables such as pre-crop, agronomic factors and crop resistance to FHB could further improve the performance of the models.
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20
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Havrlentová M, Šliková S, Gregusová V, Kovácsová B, Lančaričová A, Nemeček P, Hendrichová J, Hozlár P. The Influence of Artificial Fusarium Infection on Oat Grain Quality. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2108. [PMID: 34683429 PMCID: PMC8538375 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions, such as various biotic and abiotic stresses, are the primary reason for decreased crop productivity. Oat, as one of the world's major crops, is an important cereal in human nutrition. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of inoculation with two species of the genus Fusarium on the selected qualitative parameters of oat grain intended for the food industry. Artificial inoculation caused a statistically significant decrease in the content of starch, oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids in oat grains compared to the control. Moreover, artificial inoculation had no statistically significant effect on the content of β-D-glucans, total dietary fiber, total lipids, palmitic, stearic, and cis-vaccenic acids. An increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in oat grains was observed after inoculation. The most important indicator of Fusarium infection was the presence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in the grain. The content of β-D-glucans, as a possible protective barrier in the cell wall, did not have a statistically significant effect on the inoculation manifestation in the grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Havrlentová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Svetlana Šliková
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Veronika Gregusová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Bernadett Kovácsová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Andrea Lančaričová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Peter Nemeček
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Jana Hendrichová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Peter Hozlár
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, Research and Breeding Station at Vígľaš-Pstruša, 962 12 Pstruša, Slovakia;
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21
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Meyer JC, Hennies I, Wessels D, Schwarz K. Survey of mycotoxins in milling oats dedicated for food purposes between 2013 and 2019 by LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1934-1947. [PMID: 34330195 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1950931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the common oat (Avena sativa L.) is well known for its nutritional benefits, it carries the risk of contamination with mycotoxins due to its susceptibility to the growth of various fungi. The procurement of milling oats for food could become more difficult in the coming harvest years due to limited availability, specific quality requirements and the avoidance of mycotoxin contamination. In light of ongoing discussions in the European Commission on regulatory limits for certain mycotoxins including their modified forms, the purpose of this study was to improve the database on their occurrence in milling oats. In particular, we provide data on the predominantly occurring trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified derivatives (e.g. 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside) as well as on T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Additionally, the following mycotoxins were analysed: zearalenone, nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fusarenon-X, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. Oat samples, (n = 281) pre-selected for their physical properties and DON-content to be less than 1750 µg/kg from 11 European provenances, were analysed for 16 different mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS. Samples were collected from the years of harvest 2013 to 2019. High incidence rates above the limit of quantification of either 5 µg/kg for T-2 and HT-2 toxins or 10 µg/kg for deoxynivalenol were found (98.1, 94.7 and 91.4%, respectively). The mean concentration of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins was 149 µg/kg. The highest level was found in an Irish sample containing 1290 µg/kg for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The mean deoxynivalenol concentration was 289 µg/kg, while the highest level was 1414 µg/kg in a Swedish sample. Besides nivalenol other mycotoxins were only present in trace concentrations or not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Chr Meyer
- H. & J. Brüggen KG, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Karin Schwarz
- Division of Food Technology, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Miedaner T, Juroszek P. Climate change will influence disease resistance breeding in wheat in Northwestern Europe. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1771-1785. [PMID: 33715023 PMCID: PMC8205889 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Wheat productivity is threatened by global climate change. In several parts of NW Europe it will get warmer and dryer during the main crop growing period. The resulting likely lower realized on-farm crop yields must be kept by breeding for resistance against already existing and emerging diseases among other measures. Multi-disease resistance will get especially crucial. In this review, we focus on disease resistance breeding approaches in wheat, especially related to rust diseases and Fusarium head blight, because simulation studies of potential future disease risk have shown that these diseases will be increasingly relevant in the future. The long-term changes in disease occurrence must inevitably lead to adjustments of future resistance breeding strategies, whereby stability and durability of disease resistance under heat and water stress will be important in the future. In general, it would be important to focus on non-temperature sensitive resistance genes/QTLs. To conclude, research on the effects of heat and drought stress on disease resistance reactions must be given special attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Miedaner
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Peter Juroszek
- Central Institute for Decision Support Systems in Crop Protection (ZEPP), 55545, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
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Zhu L, Hoffmann AA, Li S, Ma C. Extreme climate shifts pest dominance hierarchy through thermal evolution and transgenerational plasticity. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Climate Change Biology Research Group State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing PR China
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Pest and Disease Vector Group School of BioSiences Bio21 Institutethe University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Shi‐Min Li
- Wucheng observation and Experiment Station of National Agricultural Science and Plant Protection Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences Luohe PR China
| | - Chun‐Sen Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing PR China
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Geißinger C, Gastl M, Becker T. Enzymes from Cereal and Fusarium Metabolism Involved in the Malting Process – A Review. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2021.1911272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cajetan Geißinger
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Gastl
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
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Habschied K, Krstanović V, Zdunić Z, Babić J, Mastanjević K, Šarić GK. Mycotoxins Biocontrol Methods for Healthier Crops and Stored Products. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:348. [PMID: 33946920 PMCID: PMC8145935 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of crops with phytopathogenic genera such as Fusarium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Penicillium usually results in mycotoxins in the stored crops or the final products (bread, beer, etc.). To reduce the damage and suppress the fungal growth, it is common to add antifungal substances during growth in the field or storage. Many of these antifungal substances are also harmful to human health and the reduction of their concentration would be of immense importance to food safety. Many eminent researchers are seeking a way to reduce the use of synthetic antifungal compounds and to implement more eco-friendly and healthier bioweapons against fungal proliferation and mycotoxin synthesis. This paper aims to address the recent advances in the effectiveness of biological antifungal compounds application against the aforementioned fungal genera and their species to enhance the protection of ecological and environmental systems involved in crop growing (water, soil, air) and to reduce fungicide contamination of food derived from these commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Habschied
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (V.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Vinko Krstanović
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (V.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Zvonimir Zdunić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Jurislav Babić
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (V.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (V.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Gabriella Kanižai Šarić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
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Ran J, Jiao L, Zhao R, Zhu M, Shi J, Xu B, Pan L. Characterization of a novel antifungal protein produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa isolated from the wheat rhizosphere. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1901-1909. [PMID: 32895910 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the disasters that seriously harm wheat and other small grain crops. It causes spoilage and mildew of the grain leading to a significant decline in the yield and quality of the grain. This research aimed to isolate antagonistic bacteria to purify antifungal proteins. A strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy wheat in a wheat field affected by a severe FHB epidemic. This isolated strain was tentatively identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa 7F1, which displayed a strong inhibitory effect against several other pathogens. One novel antifungal protein was purified from the P. polymyxa 7F1 and successfully expressed. RESULTS A crude culture of P. polymyxa 7F1 demonstrated antifungal activity that was stable at a temperature range of 60-90 °C and a pH range of 2.6-9.0. However, the antifungal activity of the P. polymyxa 7F1 was inhibited with proteinase K, trypsin, and neutral protease treatment. A 36 kDa protein with broad-spectrum antifungal activity was purified from the P. polymyxa 7F1. A glycosyl hydrolase domain was identified from this protein through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. A recombinant plasmid pET32a(+)/36kd for prokaryotic expression was constructed, and the renatured p36kd protein demonstrated similar antifungal activity to the 36 kDa protein purified from the P. polymyxa 7F1. CONCLUSION A novel antifungal protein produced by P. polymyxa 7F1 was purified and expressed. The recombinant protein showed good antifungal activity as the novel purified protein. The novel antifungal protein provides an effective way to control the Fusarium head blight. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Ran
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Jiao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Zhao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Institute of Food Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocheng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Pan
- Province Key Laboratory of Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Karlsson I, Persson P, Friberg H. Fusarium Head Blight From a Microbiome Perspective. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:628373. [PMID: 33732223 PMCID: PMC7956947 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.628373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal genus Fusarium causes several diseases in cereals, including Fusarium head blight (FHB). A number of Fusarium species are involved in disease development and mycotoxin contamination. Lately, the importance of interactions between plant pathogens and the plant microbiome has been increasingly recognized. In this review, we address the significance of the cereal microbiome for the development of Fusarium-related diseases. Fusarium fungi may interact with the host microbiome at multiple stages during their life cycles and in different plant organs including roots, stems, leaves, heads, and crop residues. There are interactions between Fusarium and other fungi and bacteria as well as among Fusarium species. Recent studies have provided a map of the cereal microbiome and revealed how different biotic and abiotic factors drive microbiome assembly. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the cereal microbiome and the implications for Fusarium infection, FHB development, disease control, and mycotoxin contamination. Although annual and regional variations in predominant species are significant, much research has focused on Fusarium graminearum. Surveying the total Fusarium community in environmental samples is now facilitated with novel metabarcoding methods. Further, infection with multiple Fusarium species has been shown to affect disease severity and mycotoxin contamination. A better mechanistic understanding of such multiple infections is necessary to be able to predict the outcome in terms of disease development and mycotoxin production. The knowledge on the composition of the cereal microbiome under different environmental and agricultural conditions is growing. Future studies are needed to clearly link microbiome structure to Fusarium suppression in order to develop novel disease management strategies for example based on conservation biological control approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Karlsson
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paula Persson
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Friberg
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Palojärvi A, Kellock M, Parikka P, Jauhiainen L, Alakukku L. Tillage System and Crop Sequence Affect Soil Disease Suppressiveness and Carbon Status in Boreal Climate. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:534786. [PMID: 33193124 PMCID: PMC7644446 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.534786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil-borne plant pathogens cause serious yield losses and are difficult to control. In suppressive soils, disease incidence remains low regardless of the presence of the pathogen, the host plant, and favorable environmental conditions. The potential to improve natural soil disease suppressiveness through agricultural management practices would enable sustainable and resilient crop production systems. Our aim was to study the impact of autumn tillage methods and crop sequence on the soil carbon status, fungistasis and yield in boreal climate. The disease suppression was improved by the long-term reduced and no tillage management practices with and without crop rotation. Compared to the conventional plowing, the non-inversion tillage systems were shown to change the vertical distribution of soil carbon fractions and the amount of microbial biomass by concentrating them on the soil surface. Crop sequence and the choice of tillage method had a combined effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The improved general disease suppression had a positive correlation with the labile carbon status and microbial biomass. From the most common Fusarium species, the predominantly saprophytic F. avenaceum was more abundant under non-inversion practice, whereas the opposite was true for the pathogenic ones. Our findings furthermore demonstrated the correlation of the soil fungistasis laboratory assay results and the prevalence of the pathogenic test fungus Fusarium culmorum on the crop cereals in the field. Our results indicate that optimized management strategies have potential to improve microbial related soil fungistasis in boreal climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansa Palojärvi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Turku, Finland
| | - Miriam Kellock
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Päivi Parikka
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | | | - Laura Alakukku
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Teli B, Purohit J, Rashid MM, Jailani AAK, Chattopadhyay A. Omics Insight on Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat for Translational Research Perspective. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:411-428. [PMID: 33093804 PMCID: PMC7536796 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200620222631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the scenario of global warming and climate change, an outbreak of new pests and pathogens has become a serious concern owing to the rapid emergence of arms races, their epidemic infection, and the ability to break down host resistance, etc. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one such evidence that depredates major cereals throughout the world. The symptomatological perplexity and aetiological complexity make this disease very severe, engendering significant losses in the yield. Apart from qualitative and quantitative losses, mycotoxin production solemnly deteriorates the grain quality in addition to life endangerment of humans and animals after consumption of toxified grains above the permissible limit. To minimize this risk, we must be very strategic in designing sustainable management practices constituting cultural, biological, chemical, and host resistance approaches. Even though genetic resistance is the most effective and environmentally safe strategy, a huge genetic variation and unstable resistance response limit the holistic deployment of resistance genes in FHB management. Thus, the focus must shift towards the editing of susceptible (S) host proteins that are soft targets of newly evolving effector molecules, which ultimately could be exploited to repress the disease development process. Hence, we must understand the pathological, biochemical, and molecular insight of disease development in a nutshell. In the present time, the availability of functional genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics information on host-pathogen interaction in FHB have constructed various networks which helped in understanding the pathogenesis and coherent host response(s). So now translation of this information for designing of host defense in the form of desirable resistant variety/genotype is the next step. The insights collected and presented in this review will be aiding in the understanding of the disease and apprise a solution to the multi-faceted problems which are related to FHB resistance in wheat and other cereals to ensure global food safety and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraj Teli
- 1Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; 2Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, S.K. Nagar, India; 3Plant RNAi Biology Group, I.C.G.E.B., New Delhi, India; 4Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotika Purohit
- 1Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; 2Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, S.K. Nagar, India; 3Plant RNAi Biology Group, I.C.G.E.B., New Delhi, India; 4Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Mahtab Rashid
- 1Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; 2Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, S.K. Nagar, India; 3Plant RNAi Biology Group, I.C.G.E.B., New Delhi, India; 4Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A Abdul Kader Jailani
- 1Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; 2Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, S.K. Nagar, India; 3Plant RNAi Biology Group, I.C.G.E.B., New Delhi, India; 4Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anirudha Chattopadhyay
- 1Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; 2Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, S.K. Nagar, India; 3Plant RNAi Biology Group, I.C.G.E.B., New Delhi, India; 4Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Sneideris D, Ivanauskas A, Prakas P, Butkauskas D, Treikale O, Kadziene G, Rasiukeviciute N, Kelpsiene J, Suproniene S. Population Structure of Fusarium graminearum Isolated from Different Sources in One Area over the Course of Three Years. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:1312-1318. [PMID: 32223642 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-19-0298-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important crop disease worldwide and is mainly caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex. F. graminearum sensu stricto is the most common cosmopolitan and predominant FHB causal agent in Europe. Thus far, the majority of studies have focused on the primary hosts (wheat and barley) of this pathogen, while the relationships between other sources of infection remain unclear. We monitored and sampled test fields over the course of 3 years and acquired 804 F. graminearum isolates from different sources: primary hosts and other plant species included in the crop rotations, weeds from the test fields, decaying plant residue, soil samples, and crop seed. Of these isolates, 73.3% had the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol genotype and 26.7% had the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol genotype. F. graminearum isolation rates from weeds (>50%) were much higher than from soil (< 10%) or decaying plant matter (4%). Variable number of tandem repeat markers were used for population analysis. Noticeable genetic differentiation was detected between isolates from living plants and soil biome. In contrast, absence of any noticeable division between primary and alternative plant host communities indicates the importance of weeds and other segetal plants for FHB control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Sneideris
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Petras Prakas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Butkauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Olga Treikale
- Latvian Plant Protection Research Centre, Struktoru 14a, LV-1039, Riga, Latvia
| | - Grazina Kadziene
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania
| | - Neringa Rasiukeviciute
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Kelpsiene
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania
| | - Skaidre Suproniene
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, LT-58344, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania
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Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Winter Rye Varieties Cultivated in Poland (2017-2019). Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060423. [PMID: 32604961 PMCID: PMC7354531 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most important cereals and is used in both the food and feed industries. It is produced mainly in a belt extending from Russia through Poland to Germany. Despite the great economic importance of this cereal, there is little research on rye contamination with mycotoxins. In this study, the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and zearalenone), as well as ochratoxin A, in 60 winter rye samples of four varieties (KWS Binntto, KWS Serafino, Dańkowskie Granat and Farm Saved Seed) cultivated in three consecutive growing seasons in five different regions of Poland was determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence detection. Deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and zearalenone had the highest occurrence in samples (90%, 63%, 57%, and 45% positive results, respectively). The mean concentrations of these analytes were 28.8 µg/kg (maximum 354.1 µg/kg), 0.98 µg/kg (maximum 6.63 µg/kg), 2.98 µg/kg (maximum 29.8 µg/kg), and 0.69 µg/kg (maximum 10.2 µg/kg), respectively. The mean concentrations for individual mycotoxins were highest in the 2016/2017 growing season. In the 2016/2017 growing season, at least two mycotoxins were detected in 95% of the samples, while in the 2018/2019 growing season, 70% of samples contained one or no mycotoxins. The frequencies of mycotoxin occurrence in different rye varieties were similar. Although a high frequency of mycotoxin occurrence was noted (especially deoxynivalenol), their concentrations were low, and none of the analyzed rye samples exceeded the maximum acceptable mycotoxin level set by the European Commission.
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Martínez M, Ramírez Albuquerque L, Arata AF, Biganzoli F, Fernández Pinto V, Stenglein SA. Effects of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae on disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxins contamination in bread wheat (Part I). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:863-873. [PMID: 31646638 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is the most important winter crop in the world, being affected by the presence of fungal, mainly those belonging to the Fusarium genus. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease that causes important economic damage and quantitative/qualitative losses, with Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae being two of the most isolated species worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the interaction between F. graminearum and F. poae and the effects on disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxin contamination on five wheat genotypes under field conditions during three growing seasons. RESULTS Statistical differences between Fusarium treatments were found for disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxin contamination during the 2014/2015 growing season. High values of incidence (58.00 ± 8.00%), severity (6.28 ± 1.51%) and FHB index (4.72 ± 1.35) were observed for F. graminearum + F. poae treatment. Regarding grain quality, the results showed that the degradation of different protein fractions depends on each Fusarium species: glutenins were degraded preferably by F. graminearum (-70.82%), gliadins were degraded preferably by F. poae (-29.42%), whereas both protein fractions were degraded when both Fusarium species were present (-60.91% and -16.51%, respectively). Significant differences were observed for mycotoxin contamination between genotypes, with Proteo being the most affected (DON = 12.01 ± 3.67 μg g-1 ). In addition, we report that 3-ADON predominated over 15-ADON in the three seasons evaluated. CONCLUSION Variations in plant-pathogen interaction (Fusarium-wheat pathosystem) should be considered at least in years with favorable climatic conditions for FHB development, as a result of the potential impact of this disease on grain quality and mycotoxin contamination. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-INBIOTEC-CONICET-UNCPBA-CICBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lady Ramírez Albuquerque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustin F Arata
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-INBIOTEC-CONICET-UNCPBA-CICBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Cereales y Oleaginosas, Laboratorio de Valoración de Calidad Industrial de Trigo, Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Biganzoli
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Fernández Pinto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian A Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-INBIOTEC-CONICET-UNCPBA-CICBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Screening of Various Metabolites in Six Barley Varieties Grown under Natural Climatic Conditions (2016-2018). Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110532. [PMID: 31698757 PMCID: PMC6921044 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic changes influence considerably the distribution and occurrence of different secondary metabolites in cereals. The aim of this investigation was to assess the changes in metabolite prevalence observed in six different winter barley varieties over a statistically significant period of three years by linking agro-climatic conditions with metabolite concentrations in chosen samples. The results showed that temperatures and precipitation levels varied during the observed timeframe and that the multi-toxin concentrations followed the trend of changing climatic conditions depending on the variety. All quantified (fungal) metabolites showed significant variations throughout the years and, for some (tryptophol and the cyclic dipeptides cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val)), an unexpected, but clear connection can be made with temperature changes and precipitation levels during the growing season.
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Occurrence, toxicity, production and detection of Fusarium mycotoxin: a review. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-019-0007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxin contamination of both foods and feeds is an inevitable phenomenon worldwide. Deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin and fumonisin B1 are the most studied Fusarium mycotoxins. Co-contamination of mycotoxins has also been studied frequently. Fusarium mycotoxins occur frequently in foods at very low concentrations, so there is a need to provide sensitive and reliable methods for their early detection. The present review provides insight on the types, toxicology and occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins. It further elucidates various detection methods of mycotoxin production from Fusarium strains, with a special focus on chromatographic and immunochemical techniques.
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Eskola M, Elliott CT, Hajšlová J, Steiner D, Krska R. Towards a dietary-exposome assessment of chemicals in food: An update on the chronic health risks for the European consumer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1890-1911. [PMID: 31094210 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1612320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An informed opinion to a hugely important question, whether the food on the Europeans' plate is safe to eat, is provided. Today, the Europeans face food-borne health risks from non-communicable diseases induced by excess body weight, outbreaks caused by pathogens, antimicrobial resistance and exposures to chemical contaminants. In this review, these risks are first put in an order of importance. Then, not only potentially injurious dietary chemicals are discussed but also beneficial factors of the food. This review can be regarded as an attempt towards a dietary-exposome evaluation of the chemicals, the average European adult consumers could chronically expose to during their life-times. Risk ranking reveals that currently the European adults are chronically exposed to a mixture of potentially genotoxic-carcinogenic contaminants, particularly food process contaminants, at the potential risk levels. Furthermore, several of the contaminants whose dietary exposures pose risks appear to be carcinogens operating with a genotoxic mode of action targeting the liver. This suggests that combined health risks from the exposure to a mixture of the chemical contaminants poses a greater potential risk than the risks assessed for single compounds. Over 100 European-level risk assessments are examined. Finally, the importance of a diversified and balanced diet is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Eskola
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Steiner
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Moretti A, Pascale M, Logrieco AF. Mycotoxin risks under a climate change scenario in Europe. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Suproniene S, Kadziene G, Irzykowski W, Sneideris D, Ivanauskas A, Sakalauskas S, Serbiak P, Svegzda P, Auskalniene O, Jedryczka M. Weed species within cereal crop rotations can serve as alternative hosts for Fusarium graminearum causing Fusarium head blight of wheat. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mastanjević K, Lukinac J, Jukić M, Šarkanj B, Krstanović V, Mastanjević K. Multi-(myco)toxins in Malting and Brewing By-Products. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E30. [PMID: 30634499 PMCID: PMC6356641 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are common microorganisms on cereals used in malting and brewing industries. These microorganisms are mostly associated with the safety and quality of malt and beer, but also with the health safety of by-products used in animal nutrition. The real problem is their harmful metabolites-toxins that, due to their thermostable properties, can easily be transferred to malting and brewing by-products. Besides fungal metabolites, other toxins originating from plants can be harmful to animal health. Precise and accurate analytical techniques broadened the spectrum of known toxins originating from microorganisms and plants that can pose a threat to animal health. Multi-(myco)toxin analyses are advanced and useful tools for the assessment of product safety, and legislation should follow up and make some important changes to regulate yet unregulated, but highly occurring, microbial and plant toxins in malting and brewing by-products used for animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jasmina Lukinac
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Marko Jukić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University North, University Center Koprivnica, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia.
| | - Vinko Krstanović
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Krešimir Mastanjević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Yli-Mattila T, Hussien T, Gavrilova O, Gagkaeva T. Morphological and Molecular Variation Between Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium arthrosporioides and Fusarium anguioides Strains. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7040094. [PMID: 30501049 PMCID: PMC6313738 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium avenaceum and closely related species are common fungi on various plants, cultivated in different climatic regions. The aim of this study was to determine the taxonomic affiliations of the F. avenaceum, Fusarium arthrosporioides, and Fusarium anguioides strains by using morphological, physiological and molecular-genetic approaches. Twenty-six single-spored morphologically identified strains, which were mainly from cereals, were investigated in order to find out, if they belong to a separate species. Pathogenicity of strains to wheat seedlings and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) fingerprint and beta-tubulin DNA sequence patterns were analyzed. According to phylogenetic analyses, the strains could be divided into two big groups consisting of mostly F. avenaceum or F. anguioides strains. F. arthrosporioides was not detected as a separate species by the sum of the characters. F. anguioides was characterized as a separate species, which could be identified by morphological and molecular data. High genetic diversity of the F. avenaceum and related species was revealed. One F. anguioides strain (rudbeckia, Vladivostok, Russia), had an identical beta-tubulin sequence with two previously sequenced strains of Fusarium tricinctum species complex, which were isolated from dicotyledonous plants in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taha Hussien
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.
- National Research Center, Cairo 80301, Egypt.
| | - Olga Gavrilova
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), St. Petersburg-Pushkin 196608, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Gagkaeva
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), St. Petersburg-Pushkin 196608, Russia.
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A New Concept to Secure Food Safety Standards against Fusarium Species and Aspergillus Flavus and Their Toxins in Maize. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10090372. [PMID: 30217025 PMCID: PMC6162852 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial maize hybrids are exposed to different degrees of ear infection by toxigenic fungal species and toxin contamination. Their resistance to different fungi and toxin relationships are largely unknown. Without this knowledge, screening and breeding are not possible for these pathogens. Seven- to tenfold differences were found in resistance to Fusarium spp., and there was a five-fold difference in ear coverage (%) in response to A. flavus. Three hybrids of the twenty entries had lower infection severity compared with the general means for toxigenic species. Three were highly susceptible to each, and 14 hybrids reacted differently to the different fungi. Differences were also observed in the toxin content. Again, three hybrids had lower toxin content in response to all toxigenic species, one had higher values for all, and 16 had variable resistance levels. Correlations between infection severity and deoxynivalenol (DON) content were 0.95 and 0.82 (p = 0.001) for F. graminearum and F. culmorum, respectively. For fumonisin and F. verticillioides ear rot, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was 0.45 (p = 0.05). Two independent isolates with different aggressiveness were used, and their mean X values better described the resistance levels. This increased the reliability of the data. With the introduction of this methodological concept (testing the resistance levels separately for different fungi and with two isolates independently), highly significant resistance differences were found. The resistance to different fungal species correlated only in certain cases; thus, each should be tested separately. This is very useful in registration tests and post-registration screening and breeding. This would allow a rapid increase in food and feed safety.
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Bilska K, Jurczak S, Kulik T, Ropelewska E, Olszewski J, Żelechowski M, Zapotoczny P. Species Composition and Trichothecene Genotype Profiling of Fusarium Field Isolates Recovered from Wheat in Poland. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E325. [PMID: 30103473 PMCID: PMC6115980 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals is the major head disease negatively affecting grain production worldwide. In 2016 and 2017, serious outbreaks of FHB occurred in wheat crops in Poland. In this study, we characterized the diversity of Fusaria responsible for these epidemics using TaqMan assays. From a panel of 463 field isolates collected from wheat, four Fusarium species were identified. The predominant species were F. graminearum s.s. (81%) and, to a lesser extent, F. avenaceum (15%). The emergence of the 15ADON genotype was found ranging from 83% to 87% of the total trichothecene genotypes isolated in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Our results indicate two dramatic shifts within fungal field populations in Poland. The first shift is associated with the displacement of F. culmorum by F. graminearum s.s. The second shift resulted from a loss of nivalenol genotypes. We suggest that an emerging prevalence of F. graminearum s.s. may be linked to boosted maize production, which has increased substantially over the last decade in Poland. To detect variation within Tri core clusters, we compared sequence data from randomly selected field isolates with a panel of strains from geographically diverse origins. We found that the newly emerged 15ADON genotypes do not exhibit a specific pattern of polymorphism enabling their clear differentiation from the other European strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Jurczak
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ropelewska
- Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 14, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jacek Olszewski
- Experimental Education Unit, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej Żelechowski
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zapotoczny
- Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 14, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Funnell-Harris DL, Scully ED, Sattler SE, French RC, O'Neill PM, Pedersen JF. Differences in Fusarium Species in brown midrib Sorghum and in Air Populations in Production Fields. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:1353-1363. [PMID: 28686087 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-16-0316-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several Fusarium spp. cause sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain mold, resulting in deterioration and mycotoxin production in the field and during storage. Fungal isolates from the air (2005 to 2006) and from leaves and grain from wild-type and brown midrib (bmr)-6 and bmr12 plants (2002 to 2003) were collected from two locations. Compared with the wild type, bmr plants have reduced lignin content, altered cell wall composition, and different levels of phenolic intermediates. Multilocus maximum-likelihood analysis identified two Fusarium thapsinum operational taxonomic units (OTU). One was identified at greater frequency in grain and leaves of bmr and wild-type plants but was infrequently detected in air. Nine F. graminearum OTU were identified: one was detected at low levels in grain and leaves while the rest were only detected in air. Wright's F statistic (FST) indicated that Fusarium air populations differentiated between locations during crop anthesis but did not differ during vegetative growth, grain development, and maturity. FST also indicated that Fusarium populations from wild-type grain were differentiated from those in bmr6 or bmr12 grain at one location but, at the second location, populations from wild-type and bmr6 grain were more similar. Thus, impairing monolignol biosynthesis substantially effected Fusarium populations but environment had a strong influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Funnell-Harris
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Erin D Scully
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Scott E Sattler
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Roy C French
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Patrick M O'Neill
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Jeffrey F Pedersen
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
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Karlsson I, Friberg H, Kolseth AK, Steinberg C, Persson P. Agricultural factors affecting Fusarium communities in wheat kernels. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 252:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abedi-Tizaki M, Zafari D. Geographic distribution of phylogenetic species of the Fusarium graminearum species complex and their 8-ketotrichothecene chemotypes on wheat spikes in Iran. Mycotoxin Res 2017; 33:245-259. [PMID: 28612272 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-017-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Isolates of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC, n = 446) were collected from wheat spikes from northern and western regions of Iran with a history of Fusarium head blight (FHB) occurrences. The trichothecene mycotoxin genotypes/chemotypes, the associated phylogenetic species, and geographical distribution of these isolates were analyzed. Two phylogenetic species, Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum, were identified and were found to belong to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) groups V and I. Isolates from F. asiaticum species lineage 6 were within SCAR group V, whereas F. graminearum species lineage 7 were of SCAR group I. Of the 446 isolates assayed, 274 were F. asiaticum species predominantly of the nivalenol (NIV) genotype, while other isolates were either deoxynivalenol (DON) plus 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) or DON plus 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) genotype. Based on Tri7 gene sequences, a new subpopulation of 15-AcDON producers was observed among F. asiaticum strains in which 11-bp repeats were absent in the Tri7 sequences. The trichothecene chemotype was confirmed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 46 FGSC isolates. Isolates produced NIV (33.4-108.2 μg/g) and DON (64.7-473.6 μg/g) plus either 3-AcDON (51.4-142.4 μg/g) or 15-AcDON (24.1-99.3 μg/g). Among FGSC isolates, F. asiaticum produced the highest levels of trichothecenes. Using BIOCLIM based on the climate data of 20-year during 1994-2014, modelling geographical distribution of FGSC showed that F. asiaticum was restricted to warmer and humid areas with a median value of mean annual temperature of about 17.5 °C and annual rainfall of 658 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). In contrast, F. graminearum (only 15-AcDON producers) was restricted to cooler and drier areas, with a median value of the mean annual temperature of 14.4 °C and an annual rainfall of 384 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). Based on climate parameters at anthesis, the recorded distribution of F. graminearum and F. asiaticum was similar to that based on BIOCLIM parameters. Therefore, geographic differences on the wheat-growing areas in Iran have had a significant effect on distribution of FGSC and their trichothecene chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abedi-Tizaki
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Doustmorad Zafari
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Buali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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Sumíková T, Chrpová J, Džuman Z, Salava J, Štěrbová L, Palicová J, Slavíková P, Stránská-Zachariášová M, Hajšlová J. Mycotoxins content and its association with changing patterns of Fusarium pathogens in wheat in the Czech Republic. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxin content in 244 samples of wheat ears randomly collected during 2014 and 2015 from various localities in the Czech Republic was analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Mean mycotoxin concentration in 2014 was highest for deoxynivalenol (DON; 760 μg/kg), followed by zearalenone (ZEA; 115 μg/kg), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON; 88 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (83 μg/kg), and enniatins (ENNs; 102 μg/kg). In 2015, DON (66 μg/kg) also had the highest concentration level, followed by ENNs (35 μg/kg), nivalenol (2 μg/kg), and beauvericin (2 μg/kg). The maximum limit for DON in the European Union (1,250 μg/kg) was exceeded in 2% of samples, and the maximum limit for ZEA (100 μg/kg) was exceeded in 0.8% of samples. Fusarium species causing head blight were identified using PCR assays. During 2014-2015, Fusarium poae considerably dominated (48.7% average value of occurrence in the samples). Other species were detected in much lower frequencies in both years: Fusarium graminearum (average frequency of occurrence 13.7%), Fusarium avenaceum (11.9%), Fusarium culmorum (4.2%), and Fusarium equiseti (2.9%). Fusarium langsethiae was identified only in 2015, at a frequency of 10.2%, and Fusarium sporotrichioides was present only sporadically in 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Sumíková
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - J. Chrpová
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Džuman
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Salava
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - L. Štěrbová
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - J. Palicová
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - P. Slavíková
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Stránská-Zachariášová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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Comby M, Gacoin M, Robineau M, Rabenoelina F, Ptas S, Dupont J, Profizi C, Baillieul F. Screening of wheat endophytes as biological control agents against Fusarium head blight using two different in vitro tests. Microbiol Res 2017. [PMID: 28647118 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to find biological control agents (BCAs) for the management of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a major disease on wheat crops worldwide, 86 microorganisms isolated from inner tissues of wheat plants were discriminated for their ability to inhibit the growth of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum by in vitro dual culture assays. A group of 22 strains appeared very effective to inhibit F. graminearum (inhibition of 30-51%) and they were also globally effective in controlling F. culmorum (inhibition of 15-53%). Further evaluation of a subselection of strains by screening on detached spikelets in vitro confirmed three species, namely Phoma glomerata, Aureobasidium proteae and Sarocladium kiliense, that have not yet been reported for their efficacy against Fusarium spp., indicating that looking for BCAs toward FHB among wheat endophytes proved to be promising. The efficacy of some strains turned out different between both in vitro screening approaches, raising the importance of finding the most appropriate screening approach for the search of BCAs. This study pointed out the interest of the test on detached wheat spikelets that provided information about a potential pathogenicity, the growth capacity and efficacy of the endophyte strains on the targeted plant, before testing them on whole plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Comby
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, 75005 Paris, France; Soufflet Biotechnologies, Quai Sarrail, 10400 Nogent-sur-Seine, France; Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes - EA 4707, Faculté des Sciences, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Marie Gacoin
- Soufflet Biotechnologies, Quai Sarrail, 10400 Nogent-sur-Seine, France
| | - Mathilde Robineau
- Soufflet Biotechnologies, Quai Sarrail, 10400 Nogent-sur-Seine, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes - EA 4707, Faculté des Sciences, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Ptas
- Soufflet Biotechnologies, Quai Sarrail, 10400 Nogent-sur-Seine, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution et Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Camille Profizi
- Soufflet Biotechnologies, Quai Sarrail, 10400 Nogent-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes - EA 4707, Faculté des Sciences, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France
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Vaughan M, Backhouse D, Ponte ED. Climate change impacts on the ecology of Fusarium graminearum species complex and susceptibility of wheat to Fusarium head blight: a review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused mainly by a few members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is a major threat to agricultural grain production, food safety, and animal health. The severity of disease epidemics and accumulation of associated trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat kernels is strongly driven by meteorological factors. The potential impacts of change in climate are reviewed from the perspective of the FGSC life cycle and host resistance mechanisms influenced by abiotic pressures at the ecological, physiological and molecular level. Alterations in climate patterns and cropping systems may affect the distribution, composition and load of FGSC inoculum, but quantitative information is lacking regarding the differential responses among FGSC members. In general, the coincidence of wet and warm environment during flowering enhances the risk of FHB epidemics, but the magnitude and direction of the change in FHB and mycotoxin risk will be a consequence of a multitude of effects on key processes affecting inoculum dynamics and host susceptibility. Rates of residue decomposition, inoculum production and dispersal may be significantly altered by changes in crop rotations, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature and precipitation patterns, but the impact may be much greater for regions where inoculum is more limited, such as temperate climates. In regions of non-limiting inoculum, climate change effects will likely be greater on the pathogenic rather than on the saprophytic phase. Although the mechanisms by which abiotic stress influences wheat defences against Fusarium species are unknown, available data would suggest that wheat may be more susceptible to Fusarium infection under future climate conditions. Additional research in this area should be a priority so that breeding efforts and climate resilient management strategies can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vaughan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - D. Backhouse
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia
| | - E.M. Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Campus Universitário s/n, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Bryła M, Waśkiewicz A, Podolska G, Szymczyk K, Jędrzejczak R, Damaziak K, Sułek A. Occurrence of 26 Mycotoxins in the Grain of Cereals Cultivated in Poland. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E160. [PMID: 27231939 PMCID: PMC4926127 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of 26 mycotoxins were determined in 147 samples of the grain of cereals cultivated in five regions of Poland during the 2014 growing season. The HPLC-HRMS (time-of-flight) analytical technique was used. An analytical procedure to simultaneously determine 26 mycotoxins in grain was developed, tested and verified. Samples from eastern and southern Poland were more contaminated with mycotoxins than the samples from northern and western Poland. Toxins produced by Fusarium fungi were the main contaminants found. Some deoxynivalenol (DON) was found in 100% of the tested samples of wheat (Osiny, Borusowa, Werbkowice), triticale, winter barley and oats, while the maximum permissible DON level (as defined in the EU Commission Regulation No. 1881/2006) was exceeded in 10 samples. Zearalenone (ZEN), DON metabolites and enniatins were also commonly found. The presence of mycotoxins in grain reflected the prevailing weather conditions during the plant flowering/earing stages, which were favorable for the development of blight. Among all investigated wheat genotypes, cv. Fidelius was the least contaminated, while Bamberka, Forkida and Kampana were the most contaminated. However, the single-factor ANOVA analysis of variance did not reveal (at a statistical significance level α = 0.05) any differences between levels of mycotoxins in individual genotypes. Triticale was the most contaminated grain among all of the tested varieties. ZEN, DON and the sum of 3-acetyldexynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3- and 15-ADON) were found in 100% of the tested triticale samples at concentrations within the 4-86, 196-1326 and 36-374 µg·kg(-1) range, respectively. Of particular concern was the fact that some "emerging mycotoxins" (enniatins) (in addition to commonly-known and legally-regulated mycotoxins) were also found in the tested triticale samples (enniatin B (Enn-B), enniatin B1 (Enn-B1), enniatin A-1 (Enn-A1), 100% of samples, and enniatin A (Enn-A), 70% of samples). Depending on the toxin, they were found at levels between 8 and 3328 µg·kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bryła
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Podolska
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Cereal Crop Production, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Szymczyk
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Renata Jędrzejczak
- Department of Food Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Damaziak
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alicja Sułek
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Cereal Crop Production, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
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Hietaniemi V, Rämö S, Yli-Mattila T, Jestoi M, Peltonen S, Kartio M, Sieviläinen E, Koivisto T, Parikka P. Updated survey of Fusarium species and toxins in Finnish cereal grains. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:831-48. [PMID: 27002810 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1162112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the project was to produce updated information during 2005-14 on the Fusarium species found in Finnish cereal grains, and the toxins produced by them, as the last comprehensive survey study of Fusarium species and their toxins in Finland was carried out at the turn of the 1960s and the 1970s. Another aim was to use the latest molecular and chemical methods to investigate the occurrence and correlation of Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in Finland. The most common Fusarium species found in Finland in the FinMyco project 2005 and 2006 were F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae. F. avenaceum was the most dominant species in barley, spring wheat and oat samples. The occurrence of F. culmorum and F. graminearum was high in oats and barley. Infection by Fusarium fungi was the lowest in winter cereal grains. The incidence of Fusarium species in 2005 was much higher than in 2006 due to weather conditions. F. langsethiae has become much more common in Finland since 2001. F. graminearum has also risen in the order of importance. A highly significant correlation was found between Fusarium graminearum DNA and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in Finnish oats, barley and wheat. When comparing the FinMyco data in 2005-06 with the results of the Finnish safety monitoring programme for 2005-14, spring cereals were noted as being more susceptible to infection by Fusarium fungi and the formation of toxins. The contents of T-2 and HT-2 toxins and the frequency of exceptionally high DON concentrations all increased in Finland during 2005-14. Beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENNs) and moniliformin (MON) were also very common contaminants of Finnish grains in 2005-06. Climate change is leading to warmer weather, and this may indicate more changes in Finnish Fusarium mycobiota and toxin contents and profiles in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli Hietaniemi
- a MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Services Unit , FI-31600 Jokioinen , Finland
| | - Sari Rämö
- a MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Services Unit , FI-31600 Jokioinen , Finland
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- b Molecular Plant Biology , Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku , Finland
| | - Marika Jestoi
- c Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira , Product Safety Unit , FI-00790 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sari Peltonen
- d Association of ProAgria Centres, Crop, Horticulture, Pig and Poultry Business , FI-01301 Vantaa , Finland
| | - Mirja Kartio
- e Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Plant Analysis Laboratory Unit , FI-00790 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Elina Sieviläinen
- e Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Plant Analysis Laboratory Unit , FI-00790 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tauno Koivisto
- a MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Services Unit , FI-31600 Jokioinen , Finland
| | - Päivi Parikka
- f MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research , FI-31600 Jokioinen , Finland
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