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Xue S, Abdullahi R, Wu N, Zheng J, Su M, Xu M. Gut microecological regulation on bronchiolitis and asthma in children: A review. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2023; 17:975-985. [PMID: 37105551 PMCID: PMC10542989 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma and bronchiolitis in children are considered common clinical problems associated with gut microbiota. However, the exact relationship between gut microbiota and the above-mentioned diseases remains unclear. Here, we discussed recent advances in understanding the potential mechanism underlying immune regulation of gut microbiota on asthma and bronchiolitis in children as well as the role of the gut-lung axis. METHODS We retrieved and assessed all relevant original articles related to gut microbiota, airway inflammation-induced wheezing in children, and gut-lung axis studies from databases that have been published so far, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Wanfang Database. RESULTS The infant period is critical for the development of gut microbiota, which can be influenced by gestational age, delivery mode, antibiotic exposure and feeding mode. The gut microbiota in children with asthma and bronchiolitis is significantly distinct from those in healthy subjects. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in asthma and bronchiolitis in children. The presence of intestinal disturbances in lung diseases highlights the importance of the gut-lung axis. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota dysbiosis potentially increases the risk of asthma and bronchiolitis in children. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the gut-lung axis with regard to the gut microbiota of children with respiratory diseases could contribute to clinical practice for pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Xue
- Department of PediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Rukkaiya Abdullahi
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Naisheng Wu
- Department of PediatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiangChina
| | - Jishan Zheng
- Department of PediatricsThe Ningbo Women and Children's HospitalNingboChina
| | - Miaoshang Su
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Manhuan Xu
- College of Laboratory Medicine and Life ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
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2
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Liu J, Liu H, Liu H, Teng Y, Qin N, Ren X, Xia X. Live and pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila decrease susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice. J Adv Res 2023; 52:89-102. [PMID: 36996967 PMCID: PMC10555781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiome is vital for providing resistance against colonized pathogenicbacteria. Recently, specific commensal species have become recognized as important mediators of host defense against microbial infection by a variety of mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To examine the contribution of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila to defend against the intestinal pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium in a streptomycin-treated mouse model of infection. METHODS C57B6J mice were pretreated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), live Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK), and pasteurized A. muciniphila (pAKK) for two weeks, then mice were infected by S. Typhimurium SL 1344. 16S rRNA-based gut microbiota analysis was performed before and after infection. Bacterial counts in feces and tissues, histopathological analysis, gut barrier-related gene expression, and antimicrobial peptides were examined. Co-housing was performed to examine the role of microbiota in the change of susceptibility of mice to infection. RESULTS AKK and pAKK markedly decreased Salmonella fecal and systemic burdens and reduced inflammation during infection. Notably, further characterization of AKK and pAKK protective mechanisms revealed different candidate protective pathways. AKK promoted gutbarrier gene expression and the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and co-housing studies suggested that AKK-associated microbial community played a role in attenuating infection. Moreover, pAKK had a positive effect on NLRP3 in infected mice. We verified that pretreatment of pAKK could promote the expression of NLRP3, and enhance the antimicrobial activity of macrophage, likely through increasing the production of reactive oxygen (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that live or pasteurized A. muciniphila can be effective preventive measures for alleviating S. Typhimurium-induced disease, highlighting the potential of developing Akkermansia-based probiotics or postbiotics for the prevention of Salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Yue Teng
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Ningbo Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
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3
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Liu J, Liu H, Teng Y, Qin N, Ren X, Xia X. A high-sucrose diet causes microbiota composition shift and promotes the susceptibility of mice to Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Food Funct 2023; 14:2836-2846. [PMID: 36880221 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A westernized diet characterized by high fat and sugar is tightly associated with the development of metabolic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease. Although a high-fat diet has been extensively studied for its involvement in various diseases, fewer studies have examined the impact of a high-sugar diet on the development of certain diseases, particularly enteric infections. This study aimed to explore the effect of a high sucrose diet on Salmonella Typhimurium-induced infection. C57BL/6 mice received a normal diet (Control) or a high sucrose diet (HSD) for eight weeks and then were infected by Salmonella Typhimurium. The high-sugar diet profoundly altered the relative abundance of certain microbial taxa. Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobiota were more abundant in normal diet-fed mice than in HSD-fed mice. Moreover, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) were significantly higher in mice from the control group than the HSD group. More S. Typhimurium counts in feces and other tissues were observed in HSD-fed mice after infection. Tight junction proteins and antimicrobial peptides were significantly decreased in HSD-fed mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) demonstrated that mice that received normal fecal microbiota had lower Salmonella Typhimurium burdens compared with mice that received HSD fecal microbiota, indicating that the altered microbial communities are associated with the severity of infection. Together, these findings suggest that the excessive intake of sucrose disturbs intestinal homeostasis and predisposes mice to Salmonella-induced infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue Teng
- Dalian Polytechnic University, China.
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Gut Microbiota Disruption in COVID-19 or Post-COVID Illness Association with severity biomarkers: A Possible Role of Pre / Pro-biotics in manipulating microflora. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 358:109898. [PMID: 35331679 PMCID: PMC8934739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a coronavirus-induced illness attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, is thought to have first emerged on November 17, 2019. According to World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 has been linked to 379,223,560 documented occurrences and 5,693,245 fatalities globally as of 1st Feb 2022. Influenza A virus that has also been discovered diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort was found in the infected person, highlighting the need of monitoring them for gastro intestinal tract (GIT) symptoms regardless of whether the sickness is respiration related. The majority of the microbiome in the intestines is Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes are found in the lungs. Although most people overcome SARS-CoV-2 infections, many people continue to have symptoms months after the original sickness, called Long-COVID or Post COVID. The term "post-COVID-19 symptoms" refers to those that occur with or after COVID-19 and last for more than 12 weeks (long-COVID-19). The possible understanding of biological components such as inflammatory, immunological, metabolic activity biomarkers in peripheral blood is needed to evaluate the study. Therefore, this article aims to review the informative data that supports the idea underlying the disruption mechanisms of the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute COVID-19 or post-COVID-mediated elevation of severity biomarkers.
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Zhang K, Wang N, Lu L, Ma X. Fermentation and Metabolism of Dietary Protein by Intestinal Microorganisms. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:807-811. [PMID: 32048966 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200212095902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary protein is linked to the intestinal microorganisms. The decomposition of dietary protein can provide nutrients for microbial growth, which in turn can ferment protein to produce some metabolites. This review elaborates that the effects of different protein levels and types on intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites fermented by intestinal microorganisms, as well as the effects of these metabolites on organisms. It is well known that intestinal microbial imbalance can cause some diseases. Dietary protein supplementation can alter the composition of intestinal microorganisms and thus regulates the body health. However, protein can also produce some harmful metabolites. Therefore, how to rationally supplement protein is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University,
Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081,China
| | - Lin Lu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University,
Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Cao Y, Tian Y, Liu Y, Su Z. Reg3β: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Tissue Injury and Inflammation-Associated Disorders. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:160-170. [PMID: 33426979 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1869731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since regenerating islet-derived 3β (Reg3β) was first reported, various studies have been conducted to explore the involvement of Reg3β in a gamut of maladies, such as diabetes, pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and extrapancreatic maladies such as inflammatory bowel disease, acute liver failure, and myocardial infarction. Surprisingly, there is currently no systematic review of Reg3β. Therefore, we summarize the structural characteristics, transcriptional regulation, putative receptors, and signaling pathways of Reg3β. The exact functional roles in various diseases, especially gastrointestinal and liver diseases, are also discussed. Reg3β plays multiple roles in promoting proliferation, inducing differentiation, preventing apoptosis, and resisting bacteria. The present review may provide new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Cao
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Laboratory Center, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Laboratory Center, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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7
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Udomsopagit T, Miwa A, Seki M, Shimbori E, Kadota Y, Tochio T, Sonoyama K. Intestinal microbiota transplantation reveals the role of microbiota in dietary regulation of RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ expression in mouse intestine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:64-69. [PMID: 32560820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ are antimicrobial peptides expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. Expression of these peptides is reportedly decreased by high-fat diet (HFD) and increased by indigestible oligosaccharides in mice. Clearly, these dietary regimens change the structure of intestinal microbiota. We employed an intestinal microbiota transplantation (IMT) to test whether diet-induced changes in the expression of these peptides are mediated by gut microbiota. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD), a HFD, or a NFD supplemented with or without 1-kestose (KES), an indigestible oligosaccharide. Ileal RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ mRNA levels were lower in mice receiving IMT from HFD-fed mice than in those receiving NFD-fed mice and higher in mice receiving IMT from KES-supplemented mice than in those receiving the mice without KES supplementation. Western blot analysis showed that serum RegIIIβ levels changed in parallel with the ileal mRNA levels. We propose that HFD- and KES-induced changes in the ileal RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ expression and in the circulating RegIIIβ levels are mediated, at least in part, by intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiho Miwa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Manami Seki
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Emiko Shimbori
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | | | | | - Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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8
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Xiong X, Liang J, Xu Y, Liu J, Liu Y. The wound healing effects of the Tilapia collagen peptide mixture TY001 in streptozotocin diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2848-2858. [PMID: 31646634 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Tilapia collagen peptides mixture TY001 is effective in promoting wound healing in acetic acid-induced skin lesions in zebrafish and in protecting against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and disruption of glucose metabolism in mice. The present study aimed to further examine the wound healing effects of TY001 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. METHODS Full-thickness skin excision wounds were created with 8-mm biopsy punches and TY001 was administered via drinking water (15, 30 and 45 g L-1 in emulsion) for 15 days. RESULTS Wound healing was delayed in diabetic mice but was promoted by TY001 after 5, 10 or 15 days of treatment. Collagen deposition and tissue hydroxyproline contents were increased by TY001. The expressions of insulin growth factor-1, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth facts β1, vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor were increased by TY001, as indicated by immunobiochemistry and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Diabetes-associated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 were decreased, whereas anti-inflammatory IL-10 and nitric oxide were increased by TY001, along with increased tissue antioxidant superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Diabetes-reduced serum protein levels were also recovered by TY001 CONCLUSION: Taken together, Tilapia collagen peptide mixture TY001 was effective with respect to enhancing diabetes-associated wound healing delay, probably via increasing growth factors and collagen deposition in the wound, attenuating diabetes-induced prolonged inflammation, increasing tissue antioxidants and providing nutritional support in diabetic mice. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Xiong
- Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Fenglingdu, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Fenglingdu, China
| | - Yiqiao Xu
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
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9
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He C, Hu X, Xiao D, Wu J, Zhou S, Deng J, Xu S, Huang Y, Peng M, Yang X. Vitamin A prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced injury on tight junctions in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1942-1948. [PMID: 32328260 PMCID: PMC7174240 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) is one of the most widely used food supplements, but its molecular mechanisms largely remain elusive. Previously, we have demonstrated that VA inhibits the action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on intestinal epithelial barrier function and tight junction proteins using IPEC-J2 cells, one of representative intestinal cell lines as a cellular model. These exciting findings stimulated us continue to determine the effects of VA on LPS-induced damage of intestinal integrity in mice. Our results demonstrated that LPS treatment caused reductions of the mRNA levels of tight junction proteins including Zo-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, well-known biomarkers of intestinal integrity, and these reductions were reversed by VA pretreatment. Intestinal immunofluorescent results of Claudin-1 revealed that LPS disrupted the structure of tight junction and reduced the expression of Claudin-1 at protein level, which was reversed by VA pretreatment. These results suggest that VA may exert a profound role on preventing intestinal inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caimei He
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jingtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Sichun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Simeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yanjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of PharmacyTraditional Chinese Hospital of Yueyang CityYueyangChina
| | - Mei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of PharmacyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
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10
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Zheng M, Qin Q, Zhou W, Liu Q, Zeng S, Xiao H, Bai Q, Gao J. Metabolic disturbance in hippocampus and liver of mice: A primary response to imidacloprid exposure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5713. [PMID: 32235887 PMCID: PMC7109098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is one of the most frequently used neonicotinoid insecticides, but recent studies have shown adverse effects on mammals. IMI was found to be neurotoxic and hepatotoxic. In the present study, the effects of repeated oral administration of two doses of IMI (5 and 20 mg/kg/day) for 28 days on hippocampus and liver of female KM mice were studied. The histopathological and biochemical experiments indicated obvious damages to the hippocampus and liver of mice in the high-dose group (20 mg/kg/day). Using a high-throughput metabolomics platform based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS), we studied effects of IMI on metabolic profiles in the hippocampus and liver of mice. Significant differences among the control group, the low-dose group and the high-dose group were clearly presented using multivariate analysis. The changed metabolic profile in the low-dose group (5 mg/kg/day) revealed that the metabolic disturbance in the hippocampus and liver of mice had been induced by low-dose of IMI, although no significant histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose group. Six differential metabolites in the hippocampus and 10 differential metabolites in the liver were identified as the possible biomarkers to distinguish IMI exposure from the control group using the variable importance in projection (VIP) value and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The metabolism disturbances of important biochemical pathways in the hippocampus and liver of mice in the exposed groups were elucidated, mostly concentrated in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism (p < 0.05). Such investigations give out a global view of IMI-induced damages in the hippocampus and liver of mice and imply a health risk associated with early metabolic damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Zheng
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Qizhong Qin
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Zhou
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Zeng
- China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing, 400039, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Qunhua Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jieying Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China.
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11
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Ma N, Zhang J, Reiter RJ, Ma X. Melatonin mediates mucosal immune cells, microbial metabolism, and rhythm crosstalk: A therapeutic target to reduce intestinal inflammation. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:606-632. [PMID: 31420885 DOI: 10.1002/med.21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, melatonin, previously considered only as a pharmaceutical product for rhythm regulation and sleep aiding, has shown its potential as a co-adjuvant treatment in intestinal diseases, however, its mechanism is still not very clear. A firm connection between melatonin at a physiologically relevant concentration and the gut microbiota and inflammation has recently established. Herein, we summarize their crosstalk and focus on four novelties. First, how melatonin is synthesized and degraded in the gut and exerts potentially diverse phenotypic effects through its diverse metabolites. Second, how melatonin mediates the activation and proliferation of intestinal mucosal immune cells with paracrine and autocrine properties. By modulating T/B cells, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, melatonin immunomodulatory involved in regulating T-cell differentiation, intervening T/B cell interaction and attenuating the production of pro-inflammatory factors, achieving its antioxidant action via specific receptors. Third, how melatonin exerts antimicrobial action and modulates microbial components, such as lipopolysaccharide, amyloid-β peptides via nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) or signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1) pathway to modulate intestinal immune function in immune-pineal axis. The last, how melatonin mediates the effect of intestinal bacterial activity signals on the body rhythm system through the NF-κB pathway and influences the mucosal epithelium oscillation via clock gene expression. These processes are achieved at mitochondrial and nuclear levels to control the host immune cell development. Considering unclear mechanisms and undiscovered actions of melatonin in gut-microbiome-immune axis, it's time to reveal them and provide new insight for the outlook of melatonin as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment and management of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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12
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Sato M, Inaba A, Iwatsuki K, Saito Y, Tadaishi M, Shimizu M, Kobayashi-Hattori K. Identification of Reg3β-producing cells using IL-22-stimulated enteroids. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:594-597. [PMID: 31760857 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1695575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reg3β, a lectin, displays antibacterial activity. This study investigated Reg3β-expressing cells using IL-22-stimulated enteroids. IL-22 stimulation elevated the mRNA and protein levels of Reg3β. IL-22 also increased the mRNA levels of CD133 (a transit-amplifying cell marker) and lysozyme (a Paneth cell marker). Immunohistochemistry showed partial colocalization of Reg3β- and lysozyme-positive cells, suggesting that Paneth cells are one of Reg3β-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Sato
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Inaba
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Iwatsuki
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Tadaishi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kobayashi-Hattori
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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Laman JD, 't Hart BA, Power C, Dziarski R. Bacterial Peptidoglycan as a Driver of Chronic Brain Inflammation. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:670-682. [PMID: 32589935 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a cell wall component of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Signature fragments of PGN are proinflammatory through engagement of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on resident tissue cells and circulating leukocytes. Despite its abundance in the gut microbiota, there is limited recognition that PGN could contribute to chronic neuroinflammation. This review highlights current insights into the roles of PGN as a determinant of brain inflammation, notably in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models. Recent studies demonstrate PGN in blood of healthy adult humans. PGN amplifies autoimmune pathology via activation of innate immune cells. Novel uptake routes through (altered) gut mucosa by myeloid leukocyte subsets promote PGN transport to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Laman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Power
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roman Dziarski
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN, USA
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Li J, Lu YR, Lin IF, Kang W, Chen HB, Lu HF, Wang HMD. Reversing UVB-induced photoaging with Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:672-681. [PMID: 31583701 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hibiscus sabdariffa is commonly used in daily life and its extract is applied widely in food and cosmetics. However, it has not been evaluated for its anti-aging effects. RESULTS Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract (HSCAE) has shown potential collagenase activity suppression effects, together with tyrosinase activity inhibition, and anti-oxidation as a free radical scavenger. The current investigation demonstrated that HSCAE was not cytotoxic in skin fibroblasts, and it significantly decreased ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) on a flow cytometry assay. Moreover, HSCAE reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, increased tissue inhibition of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 level, and enhanced collagen content by inhibiting collagenase activity. It also blocked mRNA and protein expressions of melanin production pathway key factors, including the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and dopachrome tautomerase-2 (TRP-2). CONCLUSION These results demonstrated, for the first time, the potential of HSCAE as a natural antioxidant with the ability to maintain collagen production and to decrease melanin syntheses under UVB radiation, for anti-aging effects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Ru Lu
- Department of Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - I-Fan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wenyi Kang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Zhang S, Al-Maghout T, Cao H, Pelzl L, Salker MS, Veldhoen M, Cheng A, Lang F, Singh Y. Gut Bacterial Metabolite Urolithin A (UA) Mitigates Ca 2+ Entry in T Cells by Regulating miR-10a-5p. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1737. [PMID: 31417547 PMCID: PMC6685097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences several biological functions including immune responses. Inflammatory bowel disease is favorably influenced by consumption of several dietary natural plant products such as pomegranate, walnuts, and berries containing polyphenolic compounds such as ellagitannins and ellagic acid. The gut microbiota metabolizes ellagic acid resulting in the formation of bioactive urolithins A, B, C, and D. Urolithin A (UA) is the most active and effective gut metabolite and acts as a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent. However, whether gut metabolite UA affects the function of immune cells remains incompletely understood. T cell proliferation is stimulated by store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) resulting from stimulation of Orai1 by STIM1/STIM2. We show here that treatment of murine CD4+ T cells with UA (10 μM, 3 days) significantly blunted SOCE in CD4+ T cells, an effect paralleled by significant downregulation of Orai1 and STIM1/2 transcript levels and protein abundance. UA treatment further increased miR-10a-5p abundance in CD4+ T cells in a dose dependent fashion. Overexpression of miR-10a-5p significantly decreased STIM1/2 and Orai1 mRNA and protein levels as well as SOCE in CD4+ T cells. UA further decreased CD4+ T cell proliferation. Thus, the gut bacterial metabolite UA increases miR-10a-5p levels thereby downregulating Orai1/STIM1/STIM2 expression, store operated Ca2+ entry, and proliferation of murine CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamer Al-Maghout
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hang Cao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisann Pelzl
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S. Salker
- Research Institute of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Joâo Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
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The Interplay between Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and the Intestinal Mucosa during Oral Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7. [PMID: 30953432 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0004-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection results in a dynamic interplay between the pathogen and its host. The underlying interactions are multilayered, and the cellular responses are modulated by the local environment. The intestine is a particularly interesting tissue regarding host-pathogen interaction. It is densely colonized by commensal microbes and a portal of entry for ingested pathogens. This necessitates constant monitoring of microbial stimuli in order to maintain homeostasis during encounters with benign microbiota and to trigger immune defenses in response to bacterial pathogens. Homeostasis is maintained by physical barriers (the mucus layer and epithelium), chemical defenses (antimicrobial peptides), and innate immune responses (NLRC4 inflammasome), which keep the bacteria from reaching the sterile lamina propria. Intestinal pathogens represent potent experimental tools to probe these barriers and decipher how pathogens can circumvent them. The streptomycin mouse model of oral Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection provides a well-characterized, robust experimental system for such studies. Strikingly, each stage of the gut tissue infection poses a different set of challenges to the pathogen and requires tight control of virulence factor expression, host response modulation, and cooperation between phenotypic subpopulations. Therefore, successful infection of the intestinal tissue relies on a delicate and dynamic balance between responses of the pathogen and its host. These mechanisms can be deciphered to their full extent only in realistic in vivo infection models.
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Aresti Sanz J, El Aidy S. Microbiota and gut neuropeptides: a dual action of antimicrobial activity and neuroimmune response. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1597-1609. [PMID: 30997526 PMCID: PMC6598950 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is comprised of a vast variety of microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract and exert crucial roles for the host health. These microorganisms, partially via their breakdown of dietary components, are able to modulate immune response, mood, and behavior, establishing a chemical dialogue in the microbiota-gut-brain interphase. Changes in the gut microbiota composition and functionality are associated with multiple diseases, in which altered levels of gut-associated neuropeptides are also detected. Gut neuropeptides are strong neuroimmune modulators; they mediate the communication between the gut microbiota and the host (including gut-brain axis) and have also recently been found to exert antimicrobial properties. This highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between gut neuropeptides and microbiota and their implications on host health. Here, we will discuss how gut neuropeptides help to maintain a balanced microbiota and we will point at the missing gaps that need to be further investigated in order to elucidate whether these molecules are related to neuropsychiatric disorders, which are often associated with gut dysbiosis and altered gut neuropeptide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Aresti Sanz
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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