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A New Biorecognition-Element-Free IDμE Sensor for the Identification and Quantification of E. coli. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080561. [PMID: 35892458 PMCID: PMC9331394 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The label-free biosensor has emerged as an effective tool for the purpose of early detection of causative pathogens such as Escherichia coli as a preventive measure. In this study, a biorecognition-element-free interdigitated microelectrode (IDμE) sensor is designed and developed with this in mind, with good reliability and affordability. Results show that the designed sensor can identify E. coli with good selectivity using an impedance and capacitance of 7.69 MHz. At its optimum impedance of 1.3 kHz, the IDμE sensor can reliably quantify E. coli in a range of measurement (103.2~106 cfu/mL), linearity (R2 = 0.97), sensitivity (18.15 kΩ/log (cfu/mL)), and limit of detection (103.2 cfu/mL). In summary, the IDμE sensor developed possesses high potential for industrial and clinical applications.
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2
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Zhang Z, Huang Z, Tong J, Wu Q, Pan Y, Malakar PK, Zhao Y. An outlook for food sterilization technology: targeting the outer membrane of foodborne gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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3
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Johanns VC, Epping L, Semmler T, Ghazisaeedi F, Lübke-Becker A, Pfeifer Y, Eichhorn I, Merle R, Bethe A, Walther B, Wieler LH. High-Zinc Supplementation of Weaned Piglets Affects Frequencies of Virulence and Bacteriocin Associated Genes Among Intestinal Escherichia coli Populations. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:614513. [PMID: 33392299 PMCID: PMC7772137 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.614513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent economic losses due to post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in industrial pig production, zinc (Zn) feed additives have been widely used, especially since awareness has risen that the regular application of antibiotics promotes buildup of antimicrobial resistance in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. In a previous study on 179 Escherichia coli collected from piglets sacrificed at the end of a Zn feeding trial, including isolates obtained from animals of a high-zinc fed group (HZG) and a corresponding control group (CG), we found that the isolate collection exhibited three different levels of tolerance toward zinc, i.e., the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) detected was 128, followed by 256 and 512 μg/ml ZnCl2. We further provided evidence that enhanced zinc tolerance in porcine intestinal E. coli populations is clearly linked to excessive zinc feeding. Here we provide insights about the genomic make-up and phylogenetic background of these 179 E. coli genomes. Bayesian analysis of the population structure (BAPS) revealed a lack of association between the actual zinc tolerance level and a particular phylogenetic E. coli cluster or even branch for both, isolates belonging to the HZG and CG. In addition, detection rates for genes and operons associated with virulence (VAG) and bacteriocins (BAG) were lower in isolates originating from the HZG (41 vs. 65% and 22 vs. 35%, p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, resp.). Strikingly, E. coli harboring genes defining distinct pathotypes associated with intestinal disease, i.e., enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (ETEC, EPEC, and STEC) constituted 1% of the isolates belonging to the HZG but 14% of those from the CG. Notably, these pathotypes were positively associated with enhanced zinc tolerance (512 μg/ml ZnCl2 MIC, p < 0.001). Taken together, zinc excess seems to influence carriage rates of VAGs and BAGs in porcine intestinal E. coli populations, and high-zinc feeding is negatively correlated with enteral pathotype occurrences, which might explain earlier observations concerning the relative increase of Enterobacterales considering the overall intestinal microbiota of piglets during zinc feeding trials while PWD rates have decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C. Johanns
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS-4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lennard Epping
- Microbial Genomics (NG1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Microbial Genomics (NG1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fereshteh Ghazisaeedi
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antina Lübke-Becker
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance (FG13), Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Bethe
- Center for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Walther
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS-4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Application of Microfluidic Chip Technology in Food Safety Sensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061792. [PMID: 32213909 PMCID: PMC7146374 DOI: 10.3390/s20061792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Food safety analysis is an important procedure to control food contamination and supervision. It is urgently needed to construct effective methods for on-site, fast, accurate and popular food safety sensing. Among them, microfluidic chip technology exhibits distinguish advantages in detection, including less sample consumption, fast detection, simple operation, multi-functional integration, small size, multiplex detection and portability. In this review, we introduce the classification, material, processing and application of the microfluidic chip in food safety sensing, in order to provide a good guide for food safety monitoring.
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Quinto EJ, Marín JM, Caro I, Mateo J, Schaffner DW. Modelling Growth and Decline in a Two-Species Model System: Pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Psychrotrophic Spoilage Bacteria in Milk. Foods 2020; 9:E331. [PMID: 32178268 PMCID: PMC7142549 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen and the major cause of hemorrhagic colitis. Pseudomonas is the genus most frequent psychrotrophic spoilage microorganisms present in milk. Two-species bacterial systems with E. coli O157:H7, non-pathogenic E. coli, and P. fluorescens in skimmed milk at 7, 13, 19, or 25 °C were studied. Bacterial interactions were modelled after applying a Bayesian approach. No direct correlation between P. fluorescens's growth rate and its effect on the maximum population densities of E. coli species was found. The results show the complexity of the interactions between two species in a food model. The use of natural microbiota members to control foodborne pathogens could be useful to improve food safety during the processing and storage of refrigerated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano J. Quinto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Marín
- Department of Statistics, University Carlos III de Madrid, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irma Caro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Javier Mateo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Donald W. Schaffner
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
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Singh J, Vishwakarma K, Ramawat N, Rai P, Singh VK, Mishra RK, Kumar V, Tripathi DK, Sharma S. Nanomaterials and microbes' interactions: a contemporary overview. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:68. [PMID: 30729092 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of nanomaterials in the field of science and technology includes different fields in food industry, medicine, agriculture and cosmetics. Nanoparticle-based sensors have wide range of applications in food industry for identification and detection of chemical contaminants, pathogenic bacteria, toxins and fungal toxins from food materials with high specificity and sensitivity. Nanoparticle-microbe interactions play a significant role in disease treatment in the form of antimicrobial agents. The inhibitory mechanism of nanoparticles against different bacteria and fungi includes release of metal ions that interacts with cellular components through various pathways including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, pore formation in cell membranes, cell wall damage, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest and ultimately inhibits the growth of cells. Nanoparticle-based therapies are growing to study the therapeutic treatments of plant diseases and to prevent the growth of phytopathogens leading to the growing utilization of engineered nanomaterials. Hence, with this background, the present review focuses thoroughly on detailed actions and responses of nanomaterials against different bacteria and fungi as well as food sensing and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Singh
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004 India
| | - Kanchan Vishwakarma
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004 India
| | - Naleeni Ramawat
- 2Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, I 2 Block, 5th Floor, AUUP Campus Sector-125, Noida, 201313 India
| | - Padmaja Rai
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004 India
| | - Vivek Kumar Singh
- 3Department of Physics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu And Kashmir 182320 India
| | - Rohit Kumar Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Vivekanand University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- 5Himalayan Institute of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- 2Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, I 2 Block, 5th Floor, AUUP Campus Sector-125, Noida, 201313 India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004 India
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7
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Kay KL, Breidt F, Fratamico PM, Baranzoni GM, Kim GH, Grunden AM, Oh DH. Escherichia coli O157:H7 Acid Sensitivity Correlates with Flocculation Phenotype during Nutrient Limitation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1404. [PMID: 28798736 PMCID: PMC5526969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains vary in acid resistance; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that result in strain specific differences. Among 25 STEC O157:H7 strains tested, 7 strains flocculated when grown statically for 18 h in minimal salts medium at 37°C, while 18 strains did not. Interestingly, the flocculation phenotype (cells came out of suspension) was found to correlate with degree of acid sensitivity in an assay with 400 mM acetic acid solution at pH 3.3 targeting acidified foods. Strains exhibiting flocculation were more acid sensitive and were designated FAS, for flocculation acid sensitive, while the acid resistant strain designated PAR for planktonic acid resistant. Flocculation was not observed for any strains during growth in complex medium (Luria Bertani broth). STEC strains B201 and B241 were chosen as representative FAS (2.4 log reduction) and PAR (0.15 log reduction) strains, respectively, due to differences in acid resistance and flocculation phenotype. Results from electron microscopy showed evidence of fimbriae production in B201, whereas fimbriae were not observed in B241.Curli fimbriae production was identified through plating on Congo red differential medium, and all FAS strains showed curli fimbriae production. Surprisingly, 5 PAR strains also had evidence of curli production. Transcriptomic and targeted gene expression data for B201 and B241indicated that csg and hde (curli and acid induced chaperone genes, respectively) expression positively correlated with the phenotypic differences observed for these strains. These data suggest that FAS strains grown in minimal medium express curli, resulting in a flocculation phenotype. This may be regulated by GcvB, which positively regulates curli fimbriae production and represses acid chaperone proteins. RpoS and other regulatory mechanisms may impact curli fimbriae production, as well. These findings may help elucidate mechanisms underlying differences among STEC strains in relating acid resistance and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Kay
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, United States
- Food Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research ServiceRaleigh, NC, United States
| | - Frederick Breidt
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, United States
- Food Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research ServiceRaleigh, NC, United States
| | - Pina M. Fratamico
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research CenterWyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Gian M. Baranzoni
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research CenterWyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Gwang-Hee Kim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research CenterWyndmoor, PA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
| | - Amy M. Grunden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, United States
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
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8
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Chen J, Andler SM, Goddard JM, Nugen SR, Rotello VM. Integrating recognition elements with nanomaterials for bacteria sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1272-1283. [PMID: 27942636 PMCID: PMC5339056 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00313c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacterial contamination is a major threat to human health and safety. In this review, we summarize recent strategies for the integration of recognition elements with nanomaterials for the detection and sensing of pathogenic bacteria. Nanoprobes can provide sensitive and specific detection of bacterial cells, which can be applied across multiple applications and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Chen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. and Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Stephanie M Andler
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. and Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Julie M Goddard
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. and Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Sam R Nugen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. and Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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9
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Park JH, Shim KS, Lee HS. Antimicrobial activities of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and its structurally related analogues against seven food-borne bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-014-4252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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11
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Dastider SG, Barizuddin S, Dweik M, Almasri M. A micromachined impedance biosensor for accurate and rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44724c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Wang Y, Ye Z, Ying Y. New trends in impedimetric biosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 12:3449-71. [PMID: 22737018 PMCID: PMC3376556 DOI: 10.3390/s120303449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of a rapid, sensitive, specific method for the foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection is of great importance to ensure food safety and security. In recent years impedimetric biosensors which integrate biological recognition technology and impedance have gained widespread application in the field of bacteria detection. This paper presents an overview on the progress and application of impedimetric biosensors for detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, particularly the new trends in the past few years, including the new specific bio-recognition elements such as bacteriophage and lectin, the use of nanomaterials and microfluidics techniques. The applications of these new materials or techniques have provided unprecedented opportunities for the development of high-performance impedance bacteria biosensors. The significant developments of impedimetric biosensors for bacteria detection in the last five years have been reviewed according to the classification of with or without specific bio-recognition element. In addition, some microfluidics systems, which were used in the construction of impedimetric biosensors to improve analytical performance, are introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zunzhong Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (Z.Y.)
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Semenov AM, Kuprianov AA, van Bruggen AHC. Transfer of enteric pathogens to successive habitats as part of microbial cycles. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2010; 60:239-49. [PMID: 20397013 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-010-9663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 gfp and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium gfp passed through six successive habitats within a microbial cycle. Pathogen cultures were introduced into cow dung or fodder. Microscopically observed cells and CFUs were monitored in fodder, dung, dung-soil mix, rhizosphere and phyllosphere of cress or oat plants grown in infested dung-soil mix, and in excrements of snails or mice fed with contaminated cress or oat shoots. Both methods were sensitive enough to monitor cells and CFUs throughout the chain. There was a positive correlation between cells and CFUs. Both pathogens declined through the successive habitats, but with unexpected increased densities on plants compared to dung-soil mix. Pathogen densities were higher in the phyllosphere than the rhizosphere of cress, but for oat plants this was reverse. Survival in dung was better after passage through the digestive tract of cows than after introduction of cultures into dung. Positive correlations between pathogens and copiotrophic bacteria (CB) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were observed in dung and dung-soil mixtures, but at low DOC contents CB densities were higher than pathogen densities. Thus, the pathogens are able to cycle through different habitats, surviving or growing better at high DOC concentrations, but maintaining population densities that are sufficiently high to cause disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Semenov
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow, Russia.
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14
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Sharma R, Stanford K, Louie M, Munns K, John SJ, Zhang Y, Gannon V, Chui L, Read R, Topp E, McAllister T. Escherichia coli O157:H7 lineages in healthy beef and dairy cattle and clinical human cases in Alberta, Canada. J Food Prot 2009; 72:601-7. [PMID: 19343950 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.3.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and distribution of Escherichia coli O157:H7 lineage-specific polymorphism assay (LSPA) 6 genotypes from cattle (n = 313) and clinical human (n = 203) isolates from northern and southern Alberta, Canada, to understand possible associations of genotypes with host and geographic location. The majority of cattle isolates (feedlot and dairy) typed as LSPA-6 111111 (72.2%), with proportionately higher LSPA-6 222222 (19.4%) than other LSPA-6 genotypes (10.7%). Clinical human isolates also typed primarily as LSPA-6 111111 (90.1%), but a higher percentage of genotypes (6.8%) other than LSPA-6 222222 (3.1%) was observed. A significantly higher frequency of LSPA-6 111111 in southern Alberta cattle (P < 0.0001) and a significant difference in LSPA-6 genotypes between human versus feedlot cattle from northern Alberta (P < 0.0001) were detected. LSPA-6 211111 genotype was third and second most common in cattle and humans, respectively, and several new LSPA-6 genotypes (n = 19) were also discovered. Despite avoiding over-representation of isolates from specific farms or outbreaks, higher strain diversity among cattle by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE; 50 genotypes) in contrast to human (9 PFGE genotypes) isolates was observed. The majority of cattle (74.4%) and human (90.6%) isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobials tested. Within resistant cattle isolates, sulfisoxazole-tetracycline resistance was common (62.5%) and was accounted for by the presence of sul1 and sul2, and tet(A) and tet(B) determinants. An association between LSPA-6 and PFGE genotypes but not between geographic location and PFGE genotype for both hosts was evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Sharma
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1.
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15
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Melotto M, Underwood W, He SY. Role of stomata in plant innate immunity and foliar bacterial diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2008; 46:101-22. [PMID: 18422426 PMCID: PMC2613263 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.121107.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen entry into host tissue is a critical first step in causing infection. For foliar bacterial plant pathogens, natural surface openings, such as stomata, are important entry sites. Historically, these surface openings have been considered as passive portals of entry for plant pathogenic bacteria. However, recent studies have shown that stomata can play an active role in limiting bacterial invasion as part of the plant innate immune system. As a counter-defense, the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 uses the virulence factor coronatine to actively open stomata. In nature, many foliar bacterial disease outbreaks require high humidity, rain, or storms, which could favor stomatal opening and/or bypass stomatal defense by creating wounds as alternative entry sites. Further studies on microbial and environmental regulation of stomatal closure and opening could fill gaps in our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis, disease epidemiology, and microbiology of the phyllosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeli Melotto
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, 76019, USA; e-mail: .
| | - William Underwood
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; e-mail: .
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; e-mail: .
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Melotto M, Underwood W, Koczan J, Nomura K, He SY. Plant Stomata Function in Innate Immunity against Bacterial Invasion. Cell 2006; 126:969-80. [PMID: 16959575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1101] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2005] [Revised: 02/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial entry into host tissue is a critical first step in causing infection in animals and plants. In plants, it has been assumed that microscopic surface openings, such as stomata, serve as passive ports of bacterial entry during infection. Surprisingly, we found that stomatal closure is part of a plant innate immune response to restrict bacterial invasion. Stomatal guard cells of Arabidopsis perceive bacterial surface molecules, which requires the FLS2 receptor, production of nitric oxide, and the guard-cell-specific OST1 kinase. To circumvent this innate immune response, plant pathogenic bacteria have evolved specific virulence factors to effectively cause stomatal reopening as an important pathogenesis strategy. We provide evidence that supports a model in which stomata, as part of an integral innate immune system, act as a barrier against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeli Melotto
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Microfluidic Immunoassay Platform Using Antibody-immobilized Glass Beads and Its Application for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.4.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Sheng H, Davis MA, Knecht HJ, Hovde CJ. Rectal administration of Escherichia coli O157:H7: novel model for colonization of ruminants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:4588-95. [PMID: 15294790 PMCID: PMC492365 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.8.4588-4595.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes hemorrhagic colitis and life-threatening complications. Because healthy cattle are reservoirs for the bacterium, ruminant infection models have applications in analyzing the relationship between cattle and this human pathogen and in testing interventions to reduce or prevent bovine colonization with this bacterium. Current approaches often do not reliably mimic natural, long-term bovine colonization with E. coli O157:H7 in older calves and adult animals (ages that enter our food chain). Based on the recent identification of the bovine rectoanal junction mucosa as a site of E. coli O157:H7 colonization, we developed a novel rectal swab administration colonization model. We compared this method with oral dosing and direct contact transmission (Trojan) methods. E. coli O157:H7 carriage status was determined by fecal or rectoanal mucosa swab culture. High ( approximately 10(10) CFU) and low ( approximately 10(7) CFU) oral doses of E. coli O157:H7 in sheep and cattle resulted in variable infection with the bacterium. Some animals became colonized with the bacteria and remained culture positive for several weeks, and some animals did not become colonized and rapidly cleared the bacteria in a few days. Pen mates of E. coli O157:H7 culture-positive Trojan cattle had a low infection rate and variable colonization status. However, rectal swab administration of E. coli O157:H7 to cattle resulted in consistent long-term colonization in all animals. The surprising ease with which long-term infections resulted from a single application of bacteria to the rectoanal mucosa also strongly supported this location as a site of E. coli O157:H7 colonization in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Sheng
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3052, USA
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Warabi K, Zimmerman WT, Shen J, Gauthier A, Robertson M, Finlay BB, Soest RV, Andersen RJ. Pachymoside A A novel glycolipid isolated from the marine sponge Pachymatisma johnstonia. CAN J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/v03-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Crude extracts of the North Sea marine sponge Pachymatisma johnstonia showed promising activity in a new assay for inhibitors of bacterial type III secretion. Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of the pachymosides, a new family of sponge glycolipids. A major part of the structural diversity in this family of glycolipids involves increasing degrees of acetylation and differing positions of acetylation on a common pachymoside glycolipid template. All of the metabolites with these variations in acetylation pattern were converted into the same peracetylpachymoside methyl ester (2) for purification and spectroscopic analysis. Pachymoside A (1) is the component of the mixture that has natural acetylation at the eight galactose hydroxyls and at the C-6 hydroxyls of glucose-B and glucose-D. Chemical degradation and transformation in conjunction with extensive analysis of 800 MHz NMR data was used to elucidate the structure of pachymoside A (1). Key words: Pachymatisma johnstonia, marine sponge, pachymoside, glycolipid.
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Davis MA, Hancock DD, Besser TE, Call DR. Evaluation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as a tool for determining the degree of genetic relatedness between strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:1843-9. [PMID: 12734215 PMCID: PMC154664 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.5.1843-1849.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2002] [Revised: 09/29/2002] [Accepted: 01/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been used extensively to investigate the epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7, although it has not been evaluated as a tool for establishing genetic relationships. This is a critical issue when molecular genetic data are used to make inferences about pathogen dissemination. To evaluate this further, genomic DNAs from 62 isolates of E. coli O157:H7 from different cattle herds were digested with XbaI and BlnI and subjected to PFGE. The correlation between the similarity coefficients for these two enzymes was only 0.53. Four additional restriction enzymes (NheI, PacI, SfiI, and SpeI) were used with DNAs from a subset of 14 isolates. The average correlations between similarity coefficients using sets of one, two, and three enzymes were 0.405, 0.568, and 0.648, respectively. Probing with lambda DNA demonstrated that some DNA fragments migrated equal distances in the gel but were composed of nonhomologous genetic material. Genome sequence data from EDL933 indicated that 40 PFGE fragments would be expected from complete XbaI digestion, yet only 19 distinguishable fragments were visible. Two reasons that similarity coefficients from single-enzyme PFGE are poor measures of relatedness (and hence are poorly correlated with other enzymes) are evident from this study: (i) matching bands do not always represent homologous genetic material and (ii) there are limitations to the power of PFGE to resolve bands of nearly identical size. The findings of the present study indicate that if genetic relationships must be inferred in the absence of epidemiologic data, six or more restriction enzymes would be needed to provide a reasonable estimate using PFGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Davis
- Field Disease Investigation Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
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Linington RG, Robertson M, Gauthier A, Finlay BB, van Soest R, Andersen RJ. Caminoside A, an antimicrobial glycolipid isolated from the marine sponge Caminus sphaeroconia. Org Lett 2002; 4:4089-92. [PMID: 12423093 DOI: 10.1021/ol0268337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of the marine sponge Caminus sphaeroconia showed potent activity in a screen for bacterial type III secretion inhibitors. Bioassay guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of the novel antimicrobial glycolipid caminoside A (1). The structure of caminoside A was elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical degradation.[structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z1, Canada
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