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Zhang CL, Naicker O, Zhang B, Jin ZW, Li SJ, Miao L, Karunarathna SC. Transcriptome and Hormonal Analysis of Agaricus bisporus Basidiome Response to Hypomyces perniciosus Infection. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:473-485. [PMID: 37669175 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-23-0992-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach is the most widely cultivated mushroom in the world. A. bisporus wet bubble disease is one of the most severe diseases of white button mushrooms and is caused by the fungal pathogen Hypomyces perniciosus. The pathogen causes a drastic reduction in mushroom yield because of malformation and deterioration of the basidiomes. However, the mechanism of the button mushroom's malformation development after infection with H. perniciosus remains obscure. Therefore, to reveal the mechanism of A. bisporus malformation caused by H. perniciosus, the interaction between the pathogen and host was investigated in this study using histopathological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses. Results showed that irrespective of the growth stages of A. bisporus basidiomes infected with H. perniciosus, the host's malformed basidiomes and enlarged mycelia and basidia indicated that the earlier the infection with H. perniciosus, the more the malformation of the basidiomes. Analyzing physiological and transcriptomic results in tandem, we concluded that H. perniciosus causes malformation development of A. bisporus mainly by affecting the metabolism level of phytohormones (N6-isopentenyladenosine, cis-zeatin, and N6-[delta 2-isopentenyl]-adenine) of the host's fruiting bodies rather than using toxins. Our findings revealed the mechanism of the button mushroom's malformation development after infection with H. perniciosus, providing a reference for developing realistic approaches to control mushroom diseases. Our results further clarified the interaction between A. bisporus and H. perniciosus and identified the candidate genes for A. bisporus wet bubble disease resistance breeding. Additionally, our work provides a valuable theoretical basis and technical support for studying the interaction between other pathogenic fungi and their fungal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University, Changchun 13022, P.R. China
| | - Odeshnee Naicker
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University, Changchun 13022, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Wen Jin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University, Changchun 13022, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jing Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University, Changchun 13022, P.R. China
| | - Liu Miao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Changchun University, Changchun 13022, P.R. China
| | - Samantha C Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Qin Z, Chen N, Bu Z, Yang Y, Hu X, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Xu T, Gao Y, Niu S, Xing J, Lin J, Liu X, Zhu Y. The Vital Role of ShTHIC from the Endophyte OsiSh-2 in Thiamine Biosynthesis and Blast Resistance in the OsiSh-2-Rice Symbiont. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6993-7003. [PMID: 35667655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes can benefit the growth and stress resistance of host plants by secreting bioactive components. Thiamine is an essential vitamin involved in many metabolic pathways and can only be synthesized by microbes and plants. In this study, we found that thiamine could inhibit the development of the phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and decrease the rice blast index under field conditions. In the thiamine biosynthesis pathway, the key enzyme ShTHIC of an endophyte Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 and OsTHIC of rice (Oryza sativa) were highly homologous. Gene overexpression or knockout approaches revealed that both THIC contributed to thiamine synthesis and resistance to M. oryzae. Furthermore, S. hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 colonization led to a decrease in the thiamine synthesis level of rice but still maintained thiamine homeostasis in rice. However, inoculation with the ShTHIC knockout strain ΔTHIC reduced the thiamine content in rice, although the thiamine synthesis level of rice was increased. After infection with M. oryzae, blast resistance was dramatically improved in OsiSh-2-inoculated rice but decreased in ΔTHIC-inoculated rice compared with non-inoculated rice. This result demonstrated that ShTHIC could regulate thiamine biosynthesis and consequently assist blast resistance in the OsiSh-2-rice symbiont. Our results revealed a novel blast-resistance mechanism mediated by a key thiamine biosynthetic enzyme from an endophyte OsiSh-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Yahua Seeds Science Academy of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Yahua Seeds Science Academy of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P. R. China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province 410125, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410082, P. R. China
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Understanding the Dynamics of Blast Resistance in Rice-Magnaporthe oryzae Interactions. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060584. [PMID: 35736067 PMCID: PMC9224618 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is a global food grain crop for more than one-third of the human population and a source for food and nutritional security. Rice production is subjected to various stresses; blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the major biotic stresses that has the potential to destroy total crop under severe conditions. In the present review, we discuss the importance of rice and blast disease in the present and future global context, genomics and molecular biology of blast pathogen and rice, and the molecular interplay between rice–M. oryzae interaction governed by different gene interaction models. We also elaborated in detail on M. oryzae effector and Avr genes, and the role of noncoding RNAs in disease development. Further, rice blast resistance QTLs; resistance (R) genes; and alleles identified, cloned, and characterized are discussed. We also discuss the utilization of QTLs and R genes for blast resistance through conventional breeding and transgenic approaches. Finally, we review the demonstrated examples and potential applications of the latest genome-editing tools in understanding and managing blast disease in rice.
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Zhao J, Sun P, Sun Q, Li R, Qin Z, Sha G, Zhou Y, Bi R, Zhang H, Zheng L, Chen X, Yang L, Li Q, Li G. The MoPah1 phosphatidate phosphatase is involved in lipid metabolism, development, and pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:720-732. [PMID: 35191164 PMCID: PMC8995063 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As with the majority of the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens, the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae uses highly specialized infection structures called appressoria for plant penetration. Appressoria differentiated from germ tubes rely on enormous turgor pressure to directly penetrate the plant cell, in which process lipid metabolism plays a critical role. In this study, we characterized the MoPAH1 gene in M. oryzae, encoding a putative highly conserved phosphatidate phosphatase. The expression of MoPAH1 was up-regulated during plant infection. The MoPah1 protein is expressed at all developmental and infection stages, and is localized to the cytoplasm. Disruption of MoPAH1 causes pleiotropic defects in vegetative growth, sporulation, and heat tolerance. The lipid profile is significantly altered in the Mopah1 mutant. Lipidomics assays showed that the level of phosphatidic acid (PA) was increased in the mutant, which had reduced levels of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol. Using a PA biosensor, we showed that the increased level of PA in the Mopah1 mutant was primarily accumulated in the vacuole. The Mopah1 mutant was blocked in both conidiation and the formation of appressorium-like structures at hyphal tips. It was nonpathogenic and failed to cause any blast lesions on rice and barley seedlings. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that MoPah1 regulates the expression of transcription factors critical for various developmental and infection-related processes. The Mopah1 mutant was reduced in the expression and phosphorylation of Pmk1 MAP kinase and delayed in autophagy. Our study demonstrates that MoPah1 is necessary for lipid metabolism, fungal development, and pathogenicity in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Renjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ziting Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Gan Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yaru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ruiqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant PathologyKey Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and PestsMinistry of EducationCollege of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiao‐Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Távora FTPK, Bevitori R, Mello RN, Cintra MMDF, Oliveira-Neto OB, Fontes W, Castro MS, Sousa MV, Franco OL, Mehta A. Shotgun proteomics coupled to transient-inducible gene silencing reveal rice susceptibility genes as new sources for blast disease resistance. J Proteomics 2021; 241:104223. [PMID: 33845181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A comparative proteomic analysis between two near-isogenic rice lines, displaying a resistant and susceptible phenotype upon infection with Magnaporthe oryzae was performed. We identified and validated factors associated with rice disease susceptibility, representing a flourishing source toward a more resolute rice-blast resistance. Proteome profiles were remarkably different during early infection (12 h post-inoculation), revealing several proteins with increased abundance in the compatible interaction. Potential players of rice susceptibility were selected and gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Gene Ontology analysis disclosed susceptibility gene-encoded proteins claimed to be involved in fungus sustenance and suppression of plant immunity, such as sucrose synthase 4-like, serpin-ZXA-like, nudix hydrolase15, and DjA2 chaperone protein. Two other candidate genes, picked from a previous transcriptome study, were added into our downstream analysis including pyrabactin resistant-like 5 (OsPYL5), and rice ethylene-responsive factor 104 (OsERF104). Further, we validated their role in susceptibility by Transient-Induced Gene Silencing (TIGS) using short antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides that resulted in a remarkable reduction of foliar disease symptoms in the compatible interaction. Therefore, we successfully employed shotgun proteomics and antisense-based gene silencing to prospect and functionally validate rice potential susceptibility factors, which could be further explored to build rice-blast resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: R gene-mediated disease resistance is race-specific and often not durable in the field. More recently, advancements in new breeding techniques (NBTs) have made plant disease susceptibility genes (S-genes) a new target to build a broad spectrum and more durable resistance, hence an alternative source to R-genes in breeding programs. We successfully coupled shotgun proteomics and gene silencing tools to prospect and validate new rice-bast susceptibility genes that can be further exploited toward a more resolute blast disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raquel N Mello
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech/Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Zhang C, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Wu Z. Identifying key regulatory genes of maize root growth and development by RNA sequencing. Genomics 2020; 112:5157-5169. [PMID: 32961281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA), the spatio-temporal configuration of roots, plays vital roles in maize (Zea mays L.) development and productivity. We sequenced the maize root transcriptome of four key growth and development stages: the 6th leaf stage, the 12th leaf stage, the tasseling stage and the milk-ripe stage. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. 81 DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathway and 26 transcription factor (TF) genes were screened. These DEGs and TFs were predicted to be potential candidate genes during maize root growth and development. Several of these genes are homologous to well-known genes regulating root architecture or development in Arabidopsis or rice, such as, Zm00001d005892 (AtERF109), Zm00001d027925 (AtERF73/HRE1), Zm00001d047017 (AtMYC2, OsMYC2), Zm00001d039245 (AtWRKY6). Identification of these key genes will provide a further understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for maize root growth and development, it will be beneficial to increase maize production and improve stress resistance by altering RSA traits in modern breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Beijing Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xianglong Li
- Beijing Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zuoping Wang
- Beijing Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Zhongbao Zhang
- Beijing Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Zhongyi Wu
- Beijing Agriculture Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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Vincent D, Rafiqi M, Job D. The Multiple Facets of Plant-Fungal Interactions Revealed Through Plant and Fungal Secretomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1626. [PMID: 31969889 PMCID: PMC6960344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant secretome is usually considered in the frame of proteomics, aiming at characterizing extracellular proteins, their biological roles and the mechanisms accounting for their secretion in the extracellular space. In this review, we aim to highlight recent results pertaining to secretion through the conventional and unconventional protein secretion pathways notably those involving plant exosomes or extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, plants are well known to actively secrete a large array of different molecules from polymers (e.g. extracellular RNA and DNA) to small compounds (e.g. ATP, phytochemicals, secondary metabolites, phytohormones). All of these play pivotal roles in plant-fungi (or oomycetes) interactions, both for beneficial (mycorrhizal fungi) and deleterious outcomes (pathogens) for the plant. For instance, recent work reveals that such secretion of small molecules by roots is of paramount importance to sculpt the rhizospheric microbiota. Our aim in this review is to extend the definition of the plant and fungal secretomes to a broader sense to better understand the functioning of the plant/microorganisms holobiont. Fundamental perspectives will be brought to light along with the novel tools that should support establishing an environment-friendly and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Vincent
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maryam Rafiqi
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Dominique Job
- CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/Institut National des Sciences Appliquées/Bayer CropScience Joint Laboratory (UMR 5240), Bayer CropScience, Lyon, France
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Meng Q, Gupta R, Min CW, Kwon SW, Wang Y, Je BI, Kim YJ, Jeon JS, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Kim ST. Proteomics of Rice- Magnaporthe oryzae Interaction: What Have We Learned So Far? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1383. [PMID: 31737011 PMCID: PMC6828948 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the major constraints to rice production, which feeds half of the world's population. Proteomic technologies have been used as effective tools in plant-pathogen interactions to study the biological pathways involved in pathogen infection, plant response, and disease progression. Advancements in mass spectrometry (MS) and apoplastic and plasma membrane protein isolation methods facilitated the identification and quantification of subcellular proteomes during plant-pathogen interaction. Proteomic studies conducted during rice-M. oryzae interaction have led to the identification of several proteins eminently involved in pathogen perception, signal transduction, and the adjustment of metabolism to prevent plant disease. Some of these proteins include receptor-like kinases (RLKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and proteins related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and scavenging, hormone signaling, photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, protein degradation, and other defense responses. Moreover, post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphoproteomics and ubiquitin proteomics, during rice-M. oryzae interaction are also summarized in this review. In essence, proteomic studies carried out to date delineated the molecular mechanisms underlying rice-M. oryzae interactions and provided candidate proteins for the breeding of rice blast resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Meng
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Soon Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Byoung Il Je
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sun Tae Kim,
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