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Shang L, Deng D, Krom BP, Gibbs S. Oral host-microbe interactions investigated in 3D organotypic models. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:397-416. [PMID: 37166371 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2211665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is inhabited by abundant microbes which continuously interact with the host and influence the host's health. Such host-microbe interactions (HMI) are dynamic and complex processes involving e.g. oral tissues, microbial communities and saliva. Due to difficulties in mimicking the in vivo complexity, it is still unclear how exactly HMI influence the transition between healthy status and disease conditions in the oral cavity. As an advanced approach, three-dimensional (3D) organotypic oral tissues (epithelium and mucosa/gingiva) are being increasingly used to study underlying mechanisms. These in vitro models were designed with different complexity depending on the research questions to be answered. In this review, we summarised the existing 3D oral HMI models, comparing designs and readouts, discussing applications as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Virulence Factors of the Periodontal Pathogens: Tools to Evade the Host Immune Response and Promote Carcinogenesis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010115. [PMID: 36677408 PMCID: PMC9860638 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most common chronic, inflammatory oral disease that affects more than half of the population in the United States. The disease leads to destruction of the tooth-supporting tissue called periodontium, which ultimately results in tooth loss if uncured. The interaction between the periodontal microbiota and the host immune cells result in the induction of a non-protective host immune response that triggers host tissue destruction. Certain pathogens have been implicated periodontal disease formation that is triggered by a plethora of virulence factors. There is a collective evidence on the impact of periodontal disease progression on systemic health. Of particular interest, the role of the virulence factors of the periodontal pathogens in facilitating the evasion of the host immune cells and promotion of carcinogenesis has been the focus of many researchers. The aim of this review is to examine the influence of the periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in the modulation of the intracellular signaling pathways of the host cells in order to evade the host immune response and interfere with normal host cell death and the role of their virulence factors in this regard.
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Vahvelainen N, Bozkurt E, Maula T, Johansson A, Pöllänen MT, Ihalin R. Pilus PilA of the naturally competent HACEK group pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans stimulates human leukocytes and interacts with both DNA and proinflammatory cytokines. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hbibi A, Bouziane A, Lyoussi B, Zouhdi M, Benazza D. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: From Basic to Advanced Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:45-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maula T, Vahvelainen N, Tossavainen H, Koivunen T, T. Pöllänen M, Johansson A, Permi P, Ihalin R. Decreased temperature increases the expression of a disordered bacterial late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein that enhances natural transformation. Virulence 2021; 12:1239-1257. [PMID: 33939577 PMCID: PMC8096337 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1918497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are important players in the management of responses to stressful conditions, such as drought, high salinity, and changes in temperature. Many LEA proteins do not have defined three-dimensional structures, so they are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and are often highly hydrophilic. Although LEA-like sequences have been identified in bacterial genomes, the functions of bacterial LEA proteins have been studied only recently. Sequence analysis of outer membrane interleukin receptor I (BilRI) from the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans indicated that it shared sequence similarity with group 3/3b/4 LEA proteins. Comprehensive nuclearcgq magnetic resonance (NMR) studies confirmed its IDP nature, and expression studies in A. actinomycetemcomitans harboring a red fluorescence reporter protein-encoding gene revealed that bilRI promoter expression was increased at decreased temperatures. The amino acid backbone of BilRI did not stimulate either the production of reactive oxygen species from human leukocytes or the production of interleukin-6 from human macrophages. Moreover, BilRI-specific IgG antibodies could not be detected in the sera of A. actinomycetemcomitans culture-positive periodontitis patients. Since the bilRI gene is located near genes involved in natural competence (i.e., genes associated with the uptake of extracellular (eDNA) and its incorporation into the genome), we also investigated the role of BilRI in these events. Compared to wild-type cells, the ΔbilRI mutants showed a lower transformation efficiency, which indicates either a direct or indirect role in natural competence. In conclusion, A. actinomycetemcomitans might express BilRI, especially outside the host, to survive under stressful conditions and improve its transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Maula
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nelli Vahvelainen
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Tossavainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Tuuli Koivunen
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anders Johansson
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ozuna H, Uriarte SM, Demuth DR. The Hunger Games: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Exploits Human Neutrophils As an Epinephrine Source for Survival. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707096. [PMID: 34456916 PMCID: PMC8387626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe and an opportunistic oral pathogen, strongly associated with periodontitis and other inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium resulting from the inflammatory response of the host towards the dysbiotic microbial community present at the gingival crevice. Previously, our group identified catecholamines and iron as the signals that activate the QseBC two-component system in A. actinomycetemcomitans, necessary for the organism to acquire iron as a nutrient to survive in the anaerobic environment. However, the source of catecholamines has not been identified. It has been reported that mouse neutrophils can release catecholamines. In periodontitis, large infiltration of neutrophils is found at the subgingival pocket; hence, we wanted to test the hypothesis that A. actinomycetemcomitans exploits human neutrophils as a source for catecholamines. In the present study, we showed that human neutrophils synthesize, store, and release epinephrine, one of the three main types of catecholamines. Human neutrophil challenge with A. actinomycetemcomitans induced exocytosis of neutrophil granule subtypes: secretory vesicles, specific granules, gelatinase granules, and azurophilic granules. In addition, by selectively inhibiting granule exocytosis, we present the first evidence that epinephrine is stored in azurophilic granules. Using QseC mutants, we showed that the periplasmic domain of the QseC sensor kinase is required for the interaction between A. actinomycetemcomitans and epinephrine. Finally, epinephrine-containing supernatants collected from human neutrophils promoted A. actinomycetemcomitans growth and induced the expression of the qseBC operon under anaerobic conditions. Based on our findings, we propose that A. actinomycetemcomitans promotes azurophilic granule exocytosis by neutrophils as an epinephrine source to promote bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Ozuna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Donald R. Demuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Dyakov IN, Mavletova DA, Chernyshova IN, Snegireva NA, Gavrilova MV, Bushkova KK, Dyachkova MS, Alekseeva MG, Danilenko VN. FN3 protein fragment containing two type III fibronectin domains from B. longum GT15 binds to human tumor necrosis factor alpha in vitro. Anaerobe 2020; 65:102247. [PMID: 32771620 PMCID: PMC7409735 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most species of the genus Bifidobacterium contain the gene cluster PFNA, which is presumably involved in the species-specific communication between bacteria and their hosts. The gene cluster PFNA consists of five genes including fn3, which codes for a protein containing two fibronectin type III domains. Each fibronectin domain contains sites similar to cytokine-binding sites of human receptors. Based on this finding we assumed that this protein would bind specifically to human cytokines in vitro. We cloned a fragment of the fn3 gene (1503 bp; 501 aa) containing two fibronectin domains, from the strain B. longum subsp. longum GT15. After cloning the fragment into the expression vector pET16b and expressing it in E. coli, the protein product was purified to a homogenous state for further analysis. Using the immunoferment method, we tested the purified fragment's ability to bind the following human cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα. We developed a sandwich ELISA system to detect any specific interactions between the purified protein and any of the studied cytokines. We found that the purified protein fragment only binds to TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya N Dyakov
- I.I, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Malyj Kazennyj Per., 5, Moscow, Russia, 105064
| | - Dilara A Mavletova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Irina N Chernyshova
- I.I, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Malyj Kazennyj Per., 5, Moscow, Russia, 105064
| | - Nadezda A Snegireva
- I.I, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Malyj Kazennyj Per., 5, Moscow, Russia, 105064
| | - Marina V Gavrilova
- I.I, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Malyj Kazennyj Per., 5, Moscow, Russia, 105064
| | - Kristina K Bushkova
- I.I, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Malyj Kazennyj Per., 5, Moscow, Russia, 105064
| | - Marina S Dyachkova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Maria G Alekseeva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Valery N Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 119991; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Faculty of Ecology, International Institute for Strategic Development of Sectoral Economics, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, Russia, 117198; Pharmabiotics Limited Liability Company, Bolshoy Boulevard, 42, Bldg. 1, 1238, Moscow, Russia, 121205.
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8
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Wei H, Li X, Tang L, Yao H, Ren Z, Wang C, Mu C, Shi C, Wang H. 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals the relationship between gut microbiota and ovarian development in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126891. [PMID: 32957291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota executes many beneficial functions. In this study, the relationship between gut microbiota and ovarian development in the swimming crab P. trituberculatus was explored for the first time. A total of 28 phyla and 422 genera were identified across all samples. However, 105 differential operational taxonomic units, and four differential phyla (Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Marinimicrobia_(SAR406_clade)) were identified. At the genus level, 42 differential genera were identified and 144 bacterial indicators were identified. A key finding was that the relative abundance of 139 indicator bacteria detected in the anisomycin-2 mg/kg group (AK group) was higher than that of blank group (BK group), control group (CK group), SP600125-15 mg/kg group (SK group). In addition, the relative abundance of three indicator bacteria (OTU_236, OTU_1395, OTU_552) detected in the SK group was higher than that of the BK, CK and AK groups. It was also found that the relative abundance of 20 differential genera (Methyloversatilis, Coprococcus_1, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_003, Rikenella, Corynebacterium, Ruminiclostridium, Fusicatenibacter, [Eubacterium]_ruminantium_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Bifidobacterium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, uncultured_Bacteroidales_bacterium, Coprococcus_2, Desulfovibrio, Aggregatibacter, Ambiguous_taxa, Alloprevotella and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group) in the SK, BK, CK, and AK group samples were increasing. These differential genera may reveal the relationship between gut microbial communities and ovarian development in P. trituberculatus after injection with the JNK pathway inhibitor SP600125 or the activator anisomycin. In summary, this study provides a new understanding into the relationship between gut microbiota and ovarian development in response to stimulation with inhibitor or activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Wei
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xing Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongzhi Yao
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhiming Ren
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chunlin Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changkao Mu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ce Shi
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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Tossavainen H, Salovaara S, Hellman M, Ihalin R, Permi P. Dispersion from C α or N H: 4D experiments for backbone resonance assignment of intrinsically disordered proteins. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2020; 74:147-159. [PMID: 31932991 PMCID: PMC7080685 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-020-00299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Resonance assignment of intrinsically disordered proteins is remarkably challenging due to scant chemical shift dispersion arising from conformational heterogeneity. The challenge is even greater if repeating segments are present in the amino acid sequence. To forward unambiguous resonance assignment of intrinsically disordered proteins, we present iHACANCO, HACACON and (HACA)CONCAHA, three Hα-detected 4D experiments with Cα as an additional dimension. In addition, we present (HACA)CON(CA)NH and (HACA)N(CA)CONH, new 4D Hα-start, HN-detect experiments which have two NH dimensions to enhance peak dispersion in a sequential walk through C', NH and HN, and provide more accurate NH/HN chemical shifts than those that can be obtained from a crowded 1H, 15N-HSQC spectrum. Application of these 4D experiments is demonstrated using BilRI (165 aa), an outer-membrane intrinsically disordered protein from the opportunistic oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. BilRI amino acid sequence encompasses three very similar repeats with a 13-residue identical stretch in two of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tossavainen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Santeri Salovaara
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maarit Hellman
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Belibasakis GN, Maula T, Bao K, Lindholm M, Bostanci N, Oscarsson J, Ihalin R, Johansson A. Virulence and Pathogenicity Properties of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Pathogens 2019; 8:E222. [PMID: 31698835 PMCID: PMC6963787 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a periodontal pathogen colonizing the oral cavity of a large proportion of the human population. It is equipped with several potent virulence factors that can cause cell death and induce or evade inflammation. Because of the large genetic diversity within the species, both harmless and highly virulent genotypes of the bacterium have emerged. The oral condition and age, as well as the geographic origin of the individual, influence the risk to be colonized by a virulent genotype of the bacterium. In the present review, the virulence and pathogenicity properties of A. actinomycetemcomitans will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden; (G.N.B.); (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Terhi Maula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (T.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden; (G.N.B.); (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Mark Lindholm
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden; (G.N.B.); (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (T.M.); (R.I.)
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (J.O.)
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Ingendoh‐Tsakmakidis A, Mikolai C, Winkel A, Szafrański SP, Falk CS, Rossi A, Walles H, Stiesch M. Commensal and pathogenic biofilms differently modulate peri-implant oral mucosa in an organotypic model. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13078. [PMID: 31270923 PMCID: PMC6771885 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria on peri-implant mucosa is not well understood, despite the high prevalence of peri-implant infections. Hence, we investigated responses of the peri-implant mucosa to Streptococcus oralis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilms using a novel in vitro peri-implant mucosa-biofilm model. Our 3D model combined three components, organotypic oral mucosa, implant material, and oral biofilm, with structural assembly close to native situation. S. oralis induced a protective stress response in the peri-implant mucosa through upregulation of heat shock protein (HSP70) genes. Attenuated inflammatory response was indicated by reduced cytokine levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (CXCL8), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2). The inflammatory balance was preserved through increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). A. actinomycetemcomitans induced downregulation of genes important for cell survival and host inflammatory response. The reduced cytokine levels of chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL8, and CCL2 also indicated a diminished inflammatory response. The induced immune balance by S. oralis may support oral health, whereas the reduced inflammatory response to A. actinomycetemcomitans may provide colonisation advantage and facilitate later tissue invasion. The comprehensive characterisation of peri-implant mucosa-biofilm interactions using our 3D model can provide new knowledge to improve strategies for prevention and therapy of peri-implant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Mikolai
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Szymon P. Szafrański
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant ImmunologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Angela Rossi
- Translational Center for Regenerative TherapiesFraunhofer Institute of Silicate Research ISCWürzburgGermany
| | - Heike Walles
- Translational Center for Regenerative TherapiesFraunhofer Institute of Silicate Research ISCWürzburgGermany
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity Hospital of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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Oscarsson J, Claesson R, Lindholm M, Höglund Åberg C, Johansson A. Tools of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to Evade the Host Response. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1079. [PMID: 31336649 PMCID: PMC6678183 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infection-induced inflammatory disease that affects the tooth supporting tissues, i.e., bone and connective tissues. The initiation and progression of this disease depend on dysbiotic ecological changes in the oral microbiome, thereby affecting the severity of disease through multiple immune-inflammatory responses. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium associated with such cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. In the present review, we outline virulence mechanisms that help the bacterium to escape the host response. These properties include invasiveness, secretion of exotoxins, serum resistance, and release of outer membrane vesicles. Virulence properties of A. actinomycetemcomitans that can contribute to treatment resistance in the infected individuals and upon translocation to the circulation, also induce pathogenic mechanisms associated with several systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oscarsson
- Department of Odontology, Oral Microbiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Department of Odontology, Oral Microbiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mark Lindholm
- Department of Odontology, Oral Microbiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carola Höglund Åberg
- Department of Odontology, Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Ahlstrand T, Kovesjoki L, Maula T, Oscarsson J, Ihalin R. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans LPS binds human interleukin-8. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 11:1549931. [PMID: 34917288 PMCID: PMC8670607 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1549931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Various gram-negative species sequester host cytokines using outer membrane proteins or surface modulation by sulfated polysaccharides. An outer membrane lipoprotein (BilRI) of the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans binds several cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-8. Because IL-8 is positively charged at physiological pH, we aimed to determine whether IL-8 interacts with negatively charged lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Binding was investigated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and microwell-based time-resolved fluorometric immunoassay. LPS from each tested strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans (N = 13), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (N = 1) and Escherichia coli (N = 1) bound IL-8. The Kd value of the A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS-IL-8 interaction varied between 1.2–17 μM irrespective of the serotype and the amount of phosphorus in LPS and was significantly lower than that of the BilRI-IL-8 interaction. Moreover, IL-8 interacted with whole A. actinomycetemcomitans cells and outer membrane vesicles. Hence, LPS might be involved in binding of IL-8 to the outer membrane of A. actinomycetemcomitans. This raises an interesting question regarding whether other gram-negative periodontal pathogens use LPS for IL-8 sequestering in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Ahlstrand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Kovesjoki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Maula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ahlstrand T, Torittu A, Elovaara H, Välimaa H, Pöllänen MT, Kasvandik S, Högbom M, Ihalin R. Interactions between the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans secretin HofQ and host cytokines indicate a link between natural competence and interleukin-8 uptake. Virulence 2018; 9:1205-1223. [PMID: 30088437 PMCID: PMC6086316 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1499378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally competent bacteria acquire DNA from their surroundings to survive in nutrient-poor environments and incorporate DNA into their genomes as new genes for improved survival. The secretin HofQ from the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been associated with DNA uptake. Cytokine sequestering is a potential virulence mechanism in various bacteria and may modulate both host defense and bacterial physiology. The objective of this study was to elucidate a possible connection between natural competence and cytokine uptake in A. actinomycetemcomitans. The extramembranous domain of HofQ (emHofQ) was shown to interact with various cytokines, of which IL-8 exhibited the strongest interaction. The dissociation constant between emHofQ and IL-8 was 43 nM in static settings and 2.4 μM in dynamic settings. The moderate binding affinity is consistent with the hypothesis that emHofQ recognizes cytokines before transporting them into the cells. The interaction site was identified via crosslinking and mutational analysis. By structural comparison, relateda type I KH domain with a similar interaction site was detected in the Neisseria meningitidis secretin PilQ, which has been shown to participate in IL-8 uptake. Deletion of hofQ from the A. actinomycetemcomitans genome decreased the overall biofilm formation of this organism, abolished the response to cytokines, i.e., decreased eDNA levels in the presence of cytokines, and increased the susceptibility of the biofilm to tested β-lactams. Moreover, we showed that recombinant IL-8 interacted with DNA. These results can be used in further studies on the specific role of cytokine uptake in bacterial virulence without interfering with natural-competence-related DNA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli Ahlstrand
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Annamari Torittu
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Heli Elovaara
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Hannamari Välimaa
- b Department of Virology , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Marja T Pöllänen
- d Institute of Dentistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Sergo Kasvandik
- e Institute of Technology , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Martin Högbom
- f Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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Lindholm M, Min Aung K, Nyunt Wai S, Oscarsson J. Role of OmpA1 and OmpA2 in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus serum resistance. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 11:1536192. [PMID: 30598730 PMCID: PMC6225413 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1536192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus belong to the HACEK group of fastidious Gram-negative organisms, a recognized cause of infective endocarditis. A. actinomycetemcomitans is also implicated in aggressive forms of periodontitis. We demonstrated that A. aphrophilus strains, as A. actinomycetemcomitans are ubiquitously serum resistant. Both species encode two Outer membrane protein A paralogues, here denoted OmpA1 and OmpA2. As their respective pangenomes contain several OmpA1 and OmpA2 alleles, they represent potential genotypic markers. A naturally competent strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans and A. aphrophilus, respectively were used to elucidate if OmpA1 and OmpA2 contribute to serum resistance. Whereas OmpA1 was critical for survival of A. actinomycetemcomitans D7SS in 50% normal human serum (NHS), serum resistant ompA1 mutants were fortuitously obtained, expressing enhanced levels of OmpA2. Similarly, OmpA1 rather than OmpA2 was a major contributor to serum resistance of A. aphrophilus HK83. Far-Western blot revealed that OmpA1AA, OmpA2AA, and OmpA1AP can bind to C4-binding protein, an inhibitor of classical and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) complement activation. Indeed, ompA1 mutants were susceptible to these pathways, but also to alternative complement activation. This may at least partly reflect a compromised outer membrane integrity but is also consistent with alternative mechanisms involved in OmpA-mediated serum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lindholm
- Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kyaw Min Aung
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Högbom M, Ihalin R. Functional and structural characteristics of bacterial proteins that bind host cytokines. Virulence 2017; 8:1592-1601. [PMID: 28783440 PMCID: PMC5810482 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1363140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several human pathogens bind and respond to host cytokines, which can be considered a virulence mechanism that communicates defensive actions of the host to the pathogen. This review summarizes the current knowledge of bacterial cytokine-binding proteins, with a particular focus on their functional and structural characteristics. Many bacterial cytokine-binding proteins function in the development of infection and inflammation and mediate adhesion to host cells, suggesting multiple roles in pathogen-host interactions. The regions of the bacterial proteins that interact with host cytokines can display structural similarities to other proteins involved in cytokine signaling. However, there appears to be no central shared structural themes for bacterial cytokine-binding proteins, and they appear to possess structures that are different from the cytokine receptors of the host. Atomic-level information regarding receptor-cytokine interactions is needed to be able to disrupt these interactions and to elucidate the specific consequences of cytokine binding in a pathogen and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Högbom
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- b Department of Biochemistry , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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Kirkpatrick CL, Lesouhaitier O, Malone JG, An SQ, Caly DL. Interaction and signalling networks: a report from the fourth 'Young Microbiologists Symposium on Microbe Signalling, Organisation and Pathogenesis'. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 163:4-8. [PMID: 27902434 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
At the end of June, over 120 microbiologists from 18 countries gathered in Dundee, Scotland for the fourth edition of the Young Microbiologists Symposium on 'Microbe Signalling, Organisation and Pathogenesis'. The aim of the symposium was to give early career microbiologists the opportunity to present their work in a convivial environment and to interact with senior world-renowned scientists in exciting fields of microbiology research. The meeting was supported by the Microbiology Society, the Society of Applied Microbiology and the American Society for Microbiology with further sponsorship from the European Molecular Biology Organisation and the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In this report, we highlight some themes that emerged from the many interesting talks and poster presentations, as well as some of the other activities that were on offer at this energetic meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Kirkpatrick
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Faculty of Medicine/University Medical Centre, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Lesouhaitier
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment, Normandy University, Université de Rouen, Évreux, France
| | - Jacob G Malone
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Shi-Qi An
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Delphine L Caly
- Institut Charles Viollette - ICV, Univ Lille, EA 7394, Lille, France
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Benso B. Virulence factors associated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and their role in promoting periodontal diseases. Virulence 2016; 8:111-114. [PMID: 27623711 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1235128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Benso
- a School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile
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