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Ma S, Wang Y, Li W, Qiu S, Zhang X, Niu R, Zhao F, Zheng Y. Integrated analysis identities Rho GTPases related molecular map in patients with gastric carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21443. [PMID: 38052924 PMCID: PMC10698149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate involvement of Rho GTPases in a multitude of human malignancies and their diverse array of biological functions has garnered substantial attention within the scientific community. However, their expression pattern and potential role in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. In this study, we successfully identified two distinct subtypes associated with Rho GTPase-related gene (RGG) through consensus clustering analysis, which exhibited significant disparities in overall survival and the tumor microenvironment. Subsequently, an extensively validated risk model termed RGGscore was meticulously constructed to prognosticate the outcomes of GC patients. This model was further assessed and validated using an external cohort. Notably, the high RGGscore group was indicative of a poorer prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses unveiled the RGGscore as an autonomous prognostic indicator for GC patients. Subsequent external validation, utilizing two cohorts of patients who underwent immunotherapy, demonstrated a significant correlation between a low RGGscore and improved response to immunotherapy. Additionally, the expression levels of three genes associated with RGGscore were examined using qRT-PCR. Taken together, a pioneering RGGscore model has been successfully established, showcasing its potential efficacy in offering valuable therapeutic guidance for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, 054000, China
| | - Weibo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Shaofan Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Ren Niu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Fangchao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Ludhiadch A, Sulena, Singh S, Chakraborty S, Sharma D, Kulharia M, Singh P, Munshi A. Genomic Variation Affecting MPV and PLT Count in Association with Development of Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtypes. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6424-6440. [PMID: 37453995 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play a significant role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke since they are involved in the formation of intravascular thrombus after erosion or rupture of the atherosclerotic plaques. Platelet (PLT) count and mean platelet volume (MPV) are the two significant parameters that affect the functions of platelets. In the current study, MPV and PLT count was evaluated using flow cytometry and a cell counter. SonoClot analysis was carried out to evaluate activated clot timing (ACT), clot rate (CR), and platelet function (PF). Genotyping was carried out using GSA and Sanger sequencing, and expression analysis was performed using RT-PCR. In silico analysis was carried out using the GROMACS tool and UNAFold. The interaction of significant proteins with other proteins was predicted using the STRING database. Ninety-six genes were analyzed, and a significant association of THPO (rs6141) and ARHGEF3 (rs1354034) was observed with the disease and its subtypes. Altered genotypes were associated significantly with increased MPV, decreased PLT count, and CR. Expression analysis revealed a higher expression in patients bearing the variant genotypes of both genes. In silico analysis revealed that mutation in the THPO gene leads to the reduced compactness of protein structure. mRNA encoded by mutated ARHGEF3 gene increases the half-life of mRNA. The two significant proteins interact with many other proteins, especially the ones involved in platelet activation, aggregation, erythropoiesis, megakaryocyte maturation, and cytoskeleton rearrangements, suggesting that they could be important players in the determination of MPV values. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated the role of higher MPV affected by genetic variation in the development of IS and its subtypes. The results of the current study also indicate that higher MPV can be used as a biomarker for the disease and altered genotypes, and higher MPV can be targeted for better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Sulena
- Department of Neurology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Sadiq Road, Faridkot, Punjab, 151203, India
| | | | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Department of Computational Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Mahesh Kulharia
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Paramdeep Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Zhou F, Li F, Hou Y, Yang B. HSPB8-Mediated Actin Filament Reorganization by Promoting Autophagic Flux Confers Resilience to Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Injury in an In Vitro Model of Ischemic Stroke. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2868-2875. [PMID: 37522952 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, uncontrolled actin polymerization has been recognized as an initiator of early-onset blood-brain barrier (BBB) rupture. Here, using in vitro models, we found that after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), endothelial overexpression of HSPB8 suppressed aberrant actin polymerization and thus preserved the integrity of BBB. We further investigated the mechanisms of HSPB8 in the control of actin assembly. HSPB8 suppressed the RhoA/ROCK2/p-MLC signaling pathway in bEnd.3 cells and the RhoA activator abrogated the inhibitory action of HSPB8 on actin reorganization after OGD/R. In addition, endothelial autophagic flux was impaired after OGD/R. This effect was attenuated by HSPB8 overexpression. Autophagy inhibition partially reversed the effect of HSPB8 on the RhoA/ROCK2/p-MLC pathway. Taken together, the present study revealed that the restoration of autophagic flux by overexpressing HSPB8, via the inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK2/p-MLC signaling pathway, reverses the aggregation of endothelial cytoskeleton actin, eventually alleviating OGD/R-induced BBB injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Neumann-Staubitz P, Lammers M, Neumann H. Genetic Code Expansion Tools to Study Lysine Acylation. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100926. [PMID: 34713630 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acylation is a ubiquitous protein modification that controls various aspects of protein function, such as the activity, localization, and stability of enzymes. Mass spectrometric identification of lysine acylations has witnessed tremendous improvements in sensitivity over the last decade, facilitating the discovery of thousands of lysine acylation sites in proteins involved in all essential cellular functions across organisms of all domains of life. However, the vast majority of currently known acylation sites are of unknown function. Semi-synthetic methods for installing lysine derivatives are ideally suited for in vitro experiments, while genetic code expansion (GCE) allows the installation and study of such lysine modifications, especially their dynamic properties, in vivo. An overview of the current state of the art is provided, and its potential is illustrated with case studies from recent literature. These include the application of engineered enzymes and GCE to install lysine modifications or photoactivatable crosslinker amino acids. Their use in the context of central metabolism, bacterial and viral pathogenicity, the cytoskeleton and chromatin dynamics, is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Neumann-Staubitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Stephanstrasse 7, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Institute for Biochemistry, Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heinz Neumann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Stephanstrasse 7, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany
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Zheng W, Zhang J, Song Q, Xu Y, Zhu M, Ma J. Rac Family Small GTPase 3 Correlates with Progression and Poor Prognosis in Bladder Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:469-481. [PMID: 33600260 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common genitourinary malignancy worldwide. However, the molecular pathogenesis of BC remains unclear. The current study conducted bioinformatic analyses to discover key genes involved in BC progression. A total of 375 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in the GEO database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, which were further evaluated by the core level in the protein-protein interaction network. RAC3 (Rac family small GTPase 3), one of the top hub genes, was focused on for its gene expression and prognostic value in BC. Immunohistochemical assays indicated elevated RAC3 levels in BC tissues compared with normal tissues. Overexpression of RAC3 expression was closely associated with poor differentiation (p = 0.035), advanced TNM stage (p = 0.014), lymph metastasis (p = 0.033), and recurrence (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses demonstrated that high RAC3 expression indicated poor survival of BC patients, which could serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 3.159, p = 0.023) and disease-free survival (HR = 4.633, p = 0.002). Moreover, bioinformatic analyses indicated that RAC3 might be correlated with malignant phenotypes and immune infiltration of BC. Taken together, RAC3 could be a novel prognostic biomarker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianguo Ma
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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6
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Zeng RJ, Zheng CW, Chen WX, Xu LY, Li EM. Rho GTPases in cancer radiotherapy and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:1245-1262. [PMID: 32772212 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite treatment advances, radioresistance and metastasis markedly impair the benefits of radiotherapy to patients with malignancies. Functioning as molecular switches, Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) have well-recognized roles in regulating various downstream signaling pathways in a wide range of cancers. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates the involvement of Rho GTPases in cancer radiotherapeutic efficacy and metastasis, as well as radiation-induced metastasis. The functions of Rho GTPases in radiotherapeutic efficacy are divergent and context-dependent; thereby, a comprehensive integration of their roles and correlated mechanisms is urgently needed. This review integrates current evidence supporting the roles of Rho GTPases in mediating radiotherapeutic efficacy and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, their correlations with metastasis and radiation-induced metastasis are discussed. Under the prudent application of Rho GTPase inhibitors based on critical evaluations of biological contexts, targeting Rho GTPases can be a promising strategy in overcoming radioresistance and simultaneously reducing the metastatic potential of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Chun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wan-Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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Cardama GA, Gonzalez N, Maggio J, Menna PL, Gomez DE. Rho GTPases as therapeutic targets in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1025-1034. [PMID: 28848995 PMCID: PMC5592879 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are key molecular switches controlling the transduction of external signals to cytoplasmic and nuclear effectors. In the last few years, the development of genetic and pharmacological tools has allowed a more precise definition of the specific roles of Rho GTPases in cancer. The aim of the present review is to describe the cellular functions regulated by these proteins with focus in deregulated signals present in malignant tumors. Finally, we describe the state of the art in search of different experimental therapeutic strategies with Rho GTPases as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cardama
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Maggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Lorenzano Menna
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D E Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lazo PA. Is Centrosomal Protein 70, a Centrosomal Protein with New Roles in Breast Cancer Dissemination and Metastasis, a Facilitator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:494-497. [PMID: 28109768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This commentary highlights the article by Shi et al that identified centrosomal protein 70 as a key mediator of breast cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Lazo
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca; and the Salamanca Institute of Biomedical Research, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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