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Fan T, Zhang M, Yang J, Zhu Z, Cao W, Dong C. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: advancements, challenges, and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:450. [PMID: 38086815 PMCID: PMC10716479 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades. Recently, therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown promise by eliciting de novo T cell responses targeting tumor antigens, including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens. The objective was to amplify and diversify the intrinsic repertoire of tumor-specific T cells. However, the complete realization of these capabilities remains an ongoing pursuit. Therefore, we provide an overview of the current landscape of cancer vaccines in this review. The range of antigen selection, antigen delivery systems development the strategic nuances underlying effective antigen presentation have pioneered cancer vaccine design. Furthermore, this review addresses the current status of clinical trials and discusses their strategies, focusing on tumor-specific immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy assessment. However, current clinical attempts toward developing cancer vaccines have not yielded breakthrough clinical outcomes due to significant challenges, including tumor immune microenvironment suppression, optimal candidate identification, immune response evaluation, and vaccine manufacturing acceleration. Therefore, the field is poised to overcome hurdles and improve patient outcomes in the future by acknowledging these clinical complexities and persistently striving to surmount inherent constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fan
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingna Zhang
- Postgraduate Training Base, Shanghai East Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhounan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunyan Dong
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Lutz MB, Ali S, Audiger C, Autenrieth SE, Berod L, Bigley V, Cyran L, Dalod M, Dörrie J, Dudziak D, Flórez-Grau G, Giusiano L, Godoy GJ, Heuer M, Krug AB, Lehmann CHK, Mayer CT, Naik SH, Scheu S, Schreibelt G, Segura E, Seré K, Sparwasser T, Tel J, Xu H, Zenke M. Guidelines for mouse and human DC generation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249816. [PMID: 36303448 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state-of-the-art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy, and functional characterization of mouse and human dendritic cells (DC) from lymphoid organs and various non-lymphoid tissues. This article provides protocols with top ticks and pitfalls for preparation and successful generation of mouse and human DC from different cellular sources, such as murine BM and HoxB8 cells, as well as human CD34+ cells from cord blood, BM, and peripheral blood or peripheral blood monocytes. We describe murine cDC1, cDC2, and pDC generation with Flt3L and the generation of BM-derived DC with GM-CSF. Protocols for human DC generation focus on CD34+ cell culture on OP9 cell layers for cDC1, cDC2, cDC3, and pDC subset generation and DC generation from peripheral blood monocytes (MoDC). Additional protocols include enrichment of murine DC subsets, CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and clinical grade human DC generation. While all protocols were written by experienced scientists who routinely use them in their work, this article was also peer-reviewed by leading experts and approved by all co-authors, making it an essential resource for basic and clinical DC immunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cindy Audiger
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stella E Autenrieth
- Dendritic Cells in Infection and Cancer (F171), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Venetia Bigley
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Cyran
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Dalod
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jan Dörrie
- RNA-based Immunotherapy, Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen (UKER), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgina Flórez-Grau
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lucila Giusiano
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Gloria J Godoy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Marion Heuer
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne B Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstraße 14, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian T Mayer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shalin H Naik
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elodie Segura
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Kristin Seré
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Huaming Xu
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Sosa Cuevas E, Saas P, Aspord C. Dendritic Cell Subsets in Melanoma: Pathophysiology, Clinical Prognosis and Therapeutic Exploitation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082206. [PMID: 37190135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from immunity is a hallmark of cancer development. Dendritic cells (DCs) are strategic immune cells shaping anti-tumor immune responses, but tumor cells exploit DC versatility to subvert their functions. Unveiling the puzzling role of DCs in the control of tumor development and mechanisms of tumor-induced DC hijacking is critical to optimize current therapies and to design future efficient immunotherapies for melanoma. Dendritic cells, crucially positioned at the center of anti-tumor immunity, represent attractive targets to develop new therapeutic approaches. Harnessing the potencies of each DC subset to trigger appropriate immune responses while avoiding their subversion is a challenging yet promising step to achieve tumor immune control. This review focuses on advances regarding the diversity of DC subsets, their pathophysiology and impact on clinical outcome in melanoma patients. We provide insights into the regulation mechanisms of DCs by the tumor, and overview DC-based therapeutic developments for melanoma. Further insights into DCs' diversity, features, networking, regulation and shaping by the tumor microenvironment will allow designing novel effective cancer therapies. The DCs deserve to be positioned in the current melanoma immunotherapeutic landscape. Recent discoveries strongly motivate exploitation of the exceptional potential of DCs to drive robust anti-tumor immunity, offering promising tracks for clinical successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- EFS AuRA, R&D Laboratory, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Team: Epigenetics, Immunity, Metabolism, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Stakheev D, Taborska P, Kalkusova K, Bartunkova J, Smrz D. LL-37 as a Powerful Molecular Tool for Boosting the Performance of Ex Vivo-Produced Human Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122747. [PMID: 36559241 PMCID: PMC9780902 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo-produced dendritic cells (DCs) constitute the core of active cellular immunotherapy (ACI) for cancer treatment. After many disappointments in clinical trials, the current protocols for their preparation are attempting to boost their therapeutic efficacy by enhancing their functionality towards Th1 response and capability to induce the expansion of cytotoxic tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide with strong immunomodulatory potential. This potential was previously found to either enhance or suppress the desired anti-tumor DC functionality when used at different phases of their ex vivo production. In this work, we show that LL-37 can be implemented during the whole process of DC production in a way that allows LL-37 to enhance the anti-tumor functionality of produced DCs. We found that the supplementation of LL-37 during the differentiation of monocyte-derived DCs showed only a tendency to enhance their in vitro-induced lymphocyte enrichment with CD8+ T cells. The supplementation of LL-37 also during the process of DC antigen loading (pulsation) and maturation significantly enhanced the cell culture enrichment with CD8+ T cells. Moreover, this enrichment was also associated with the downregulated expression of PD-1 in CD8+ T cells, significantly higher frequency of tumor cell-reactive CD8+ T cells, and superior in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor cells. These data showed that LL-37 implementation into the whole process of the ex vivo production of DCs could significantly boost their anti-tumor performance in ACI.
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The Role of Type-2 Conventional Dendritic Cells in the Regulation of Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081976. [PMID: 35454882 PMCID: PMC9028336 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent studies revealed that type-2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) play an important role in antitumor immunity by promoting cytotoxic T-cell responses and helper T-cell differentiation. This review outlines the role of cDC2s in tumor immunity and summarizes the latest progress regarding their potential in cancer vaccination and cDC2-targeted cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) orchestrate immune responses to cancer and comprise two major subsets: type-1 cDCs (cDC1s) and type-2 cDCs (cDC2s). Compared with cDC1s, which are dedicated to the activation of CD8+ T cells, cDC2s are ontogenically and functionally heterogeneous, with their main function being the presentation of exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells for the initiation of T helper cell differentiation. cDC1s play an important role in tumor-specific immune responses through cross-presentation of tumor-derived antigens for the priming of CD8+ T cells, whereas little is known of the role of cDC2s in tumor immunity. Recent studies have indicated that human cDC2s can be divided into at least two subsets and have implicated these cells in both anti- and pro-tumoral immune responses. Furthermore, the efficacy of cDC2-based vaccines as well as cDC2-targeted therapeutics has been demonstrated in both mouse models and human patients. Here we summarize current knowledge about the role of cDC2s in tumor immunity and address whether these cells are beneficial in the context of antitumor immune responses.
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6
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Fu C, Zhou L, Mi QS, Jiang A. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:222. [PMID: 35053338 PMCID: PMC8773673 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite largely disappointing clinical trials of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines, recent studies have shown that DC-mediated cross-priming plays a critical role in generating anti-tumor CD8 T cell immunity and regulating anti-tumor efficacy of immunotherapies. These new findings thus support further development and refinement of DC-based vaccines as mono-immunotherapy or combinational immunotherapies. One exciting development is recent clinical studies with naturally circulating DCs including plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). pDC vaccines were particularly intriguing, as pDCs are generally presumed to play a negative role in regulating T cell responses in tumors. Similarly, DC-derived exosomes (DCexos) have been heralded as cell-free therapeutic cancer vaccines that are potentially superior to DC vaccines in overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression, although DCexo clinical trials have not led to expected clinical outcomes. Using a pDC-targeted vaccine model, we have recently reported that pDCs required type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) for optimal cross-priming by transferring antigens through pDC-derived exosomes (pDCexos), which also cross-prime CD8 T cells in a bystander cDC-dependent manner. Thus, pDCexos could combine the advantages of both cDC1s and pDCs as cancer vaccines to achieve better anti-tumor efficacy. In this review, we will focus on the pDC-based cancer vaccines and discuss potential clinical application of pDCexos in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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7
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Laustsen A, van der Sluis RM, Gris-Oliver A, Hernández SS, Cemalovic E, Tang HQ, Pedersen LH, Uldbjerg N, Jakobsen MR, Bak RO. Ascorbic acid supports ex vivo generation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from circulating hematopoietic stem cells. eLife 2021; 10:65528. [PMID: 34473049 PMCID: PMC8445615 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) constitute a rare type of immune cell with multifaceted functions, but their potential use as a cell-based immunotherapy is challenged by the scarce cell numbers that can be extracted from blood. Here, we systematically investigate culture parameters for generating pDCs from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using optimized conditions combined with implementation of HSPC pre-expansion, we generate an average of 465 million HSPC-derived pDCs (HSPC-pDCs) starting from 100,000 cord blood-derived HSPCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such protocol allows HSPC-pDC generation from whole-blood HSPCs, and these cells display a pDC phenotype and function. Using GMP-compliant medium, we observe a remarkable loss of TLR7/9 responses, which is rescued by ascorbic acid supplementation. Ascorbic acid induces transcriptional signatures associated with pDC-specific innate immune pathways, suggesting an undescribed role of ascorbic acid for pDC functionality. This constitutes the first protocol for generating pDCs from whole blood and lays the foundation for investigating HSPC-pDCs for cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Laustsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Renée M van der Sluis
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ena Cemalovic
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hai Q Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Henning Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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van Eck van der Sluijs J, van Ens D, Thordardottir S, Vodegel D, Hermens I, van der Waart AB, Falkenburg JHF, Kester MGD, de Rink I, Heemskerk MHM, Borst J, Schaap NPM, Jansen JH, Xiao Y, Dolstra H, Hobo W. Clinically applicable CD34 +-derived blood dendritic cell subsets exhibit key subset-specific features and potently boost anti-tumor T and NK cell responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3167-3181. [PMID: 33796917 PMCID: PMC8505305 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), following induction chemotherapy, can be curative for hemato-oncology patients due to powerful graft-versus-tumor immunity. However, disease recurrence remains the major cause of treatment failure, emphasizing the need for potent adjuvant immunotherapy. In this regard, dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is highly attractive, as DCs are the key orchestrators of innate and adaptive immunity. Natural DC subsets are postulated to be more powerful compared with monocyte-derived DCs, due to their unique functional properties and cross-talk capacity. Yet, obtaining sufficient numbers of natural DCs, particularly type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s), is challenging due to low frequencies in human blood. We developed a clinically applicable culture protocol using donor-derived G-CSF mobilized CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for simultaneous generation of high numbers of cDC1s, cDC2s and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that these ex vivo-generated DCs highly resemble their in vivo blood counterparts. In more detail, we demonstrated that the CD141+CLEG9A+ cDC1 subset exhibited key features of in vivo cDC1s, reflected by high expression of co-stimulatory molecules and release of IL-12p70 and TNF-α. Furthermore, cDC1s efficiently primed alloreactive T cells, potently cross-presented long-peptides and boosted expansion of minor histocompatibility antigen-experienced T cells. Moreover, they strongly enhanced NK cell activation, degranulation and anti-leukemic reactivity. Together, we developed a robust culture protocol to generate highly functional blood DC subsets for in vivo application as tailored adjuvant immunotherapy to boost innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity in alloSCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper van Eck van der Sluijs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diede van Ens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Soley Thordardottir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Vodegel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Hermens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek B van der Waart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michel G D Kester
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Rink
- Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P M Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Fu C, Zhou L, Mi QS, Jiang A. DC-Based Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040706. [PMID: 33255895 PMCID: PMC7712957 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the sentinels of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in initiating and regulating antigen-specific immune responses. Cross-priming, a process that DCs activate CD8 T cells by cross-presenting exogenous antigens onto their MHCI (Major Histocompatibility Complex class I), plays a critical role in mediating CD8 T cell immunity as well as tolerance. Current DC vaccines have remained largely unsuccessful despite their ability to potentiate both effector and memory CD8 T cell responses. There are two major hurdles for the success of DC-based vaccines: tumor-mediated immunosuppression and the functional limitation of the commonly used monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Due to their resistance to tumor-mediated suppression as inert vesicles, DC-derived exosomes (DCexos) have garnered much interest as cell-free therapeutic agents. However, current DCexo clinical trials have shown limited clinical benefits and failed to generate antigen-specific T cell responses. Another exciting development is the use of naturally circulating DCs instead of in vitro cultured DCs, as clinical trials with both human blood cDC2s (type 2 conventional DCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have shown promising results. pDC vaccines were particularly encouraging, especially in light of promising data from a recent clinical trial using a human pDC cell line, despite pDCs being considered tolerogenic and playing a suppressive role in tumors. However, how pDCs generate anti-tumor CD8 T cell immunity remains poorly understood, thus hindering their clinical advance. Using a pDC-targeted vaccine model, we have recently reported that while pDC-targeted vaccines led to strong cross-priming and durable CD8 T cell immunity, cross-presenting pDCs required cDCs to achieve cross-priming in vivo by transferring antigens to cDCs. Antigen transfer from pDCs to bystander cDCs was mediated by pDC-derived exosomes (pDCexos), which similarly required cDCs for cross-priming of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. pDCexos thus represent a new addition in our arsenal of DC-based cancer vaccines that would potentially combine the advantage of pDCs and DCexos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-400-2536
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10
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van der Sluis RM, Egedal JH, Jakobsen MR. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells as Cell-Based Therapeutics: A Novel Immunotherapy to Treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:249. [PMID: 32528903 PMCID: PMC7264089 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in mediating innate and adaptive immune responses. Since their discovery in the late 1970's, DCs have been recognized as the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). DCs have a superior capacity for acquiring, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells and they express costimulatory or coinhibitory molecules that determine immune activation or anergy. For these reasons, cell-based therapeutic approaches using DCs have been explored in cancer and infectious diseases but with limited success. In humans, DCs are divided into heterogeneous subsets with distinct characteristics. Two major subsets are CD11c+ myeloid (m)DCs and CD11c− plasmacytoid (p)DCs. pDCs are different from mDCs and play an essential role in the innate immune system via the production of type I interferons (IFN). However, pDCs are also able to take-up antigens and effectively cross present them. Given the rarity of pDCs in blood and technical difficulties in obtaining them from human blood samples, the understanding of human pDC biology and their potential in immunotherapeutic approaches (e.g. cell-based vaccines) is limited. However, due to the recent advancements in cell culturing systems that allow for the generation of functional pDCs from CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), studying pDCs has become easier. In this mini-review, we hypothesize about the use of pDCs as a cell-based therapy to treat HIV by enhancing anti-HIV-immune responses of the adaptive immune system and enhancing the anti-viral responses of the innate immune system. Additionally, we discuss obstacles to overcome before this approach becomes clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée M van der Sluis
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Luo XL, Dalod M. The quest for faithful in vitro models of human dendritic cells types. Mol Immunol 2020; 123:40-59. [PMID: 32413788 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are mononuclear phagocytes that are specialized in the induction and functional polarization of effector lymphocytes, thus orchestrating immune defenses against infections and cancer. The population of DC encompasses distinct cell types that vary in their efficacy for complementary functions and are thus likely involved in defending the body against different threats. Plasmacytoid DCs specialize in the production of high levels of the antiviral cytokines type I interferons. Type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) excel in the activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) which are critical for defense against cancer and infections by intracellular pathogens. Type 2 conventional DCs (cDC2s) prime helper CD4+ T cells for the production of type 2 cytokines underpinning immune defenses against worms or of IL-17 promoting control of infections by extracellular bacteria or fungi. Hence, clinically manipulating the development and functions of DC types could have a major impact for improving treatments against many diseases. However, the rarity and fragility of human DC types is impeding advancement towards this goal. To overcome this roadblock, major efforts are ongoing to generate in vitro large numbers of distinct human DC types. We review here the current state of this research field, emphasizing recent breakthrough and proposing future priorities. We also pinpoint the necessity to develop a consensus nomenclature and rigorous methodologies to ensure proper identification and characterization of human DC types. Finally, we elaborate on how faithful in vitro models of human DC types can accelerate our understanding of the biology of these cells and the engineering of next generation vaccines or immunotherapies against viral infections or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Long Luo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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12
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Liu G, Fan X, Cai Y, Fu Z, Gao F, Dong J, Li K, Cai J. Efficacy of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy produced from cord blood in vitro and in a humanized NSG mouse cancer model. Immunotherapy 2020; 11:599-616. [PMID: 30943862 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To produce dendritic cells (DCs) from CD34+ stem cells from cord blood and explore their prophylactic and curative effect against tumors by vaccinating humanized NSG mice. MATERIALS & METHODS Separated CD34+ stem cells from cord blood were cultured for 30 days, and the resultant DCs (CD34-DCs) were collected. The basic function of the CD34-DCs and the cytotoxicity of CD34-cytotoxic-T lymphocytes (CTLs) were tested in vitro, and tumor inhibition in a humanized NSG mouse tumor model was observed. RESULTS The number of CD34-DCs reached approximately 9 log. These cells performed functions similar to those of DCs derived from monocytes from peripheral blood (PBMC-DCs). The CTLs of the CD34-DCs (CD34-CTLs) presented a better antitumor effect in vitro. The obvious prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor effects of the CD34-DC vaccine were observed in the humanized NSG mouse models. CONCLUSION CD34-DCs from cord blood were sufficient in quantity and quality as a vaccine agent against tumors in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.,Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Research and Development, Hebei Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Therapy, Hebei HOFOY Biotech Corporation Ltd, 238 Changjiang Aveneu, Shijiazhuang 500350, China
| | - Zexian Fu
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jiantao Dong
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.,Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jianhui Cai
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.,Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.,Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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13
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Sprooten J, Ceusters J, Coosemans A, Agostinis P, De Vleeschouwer S, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Garg AD. Trial watch: dendritic cell vaccination for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1638212. [PMID: 31646087 PMCID: PMC6791419 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1638212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic- cells (DCs) have received considerable attention as potential targets for the development of anticancer vaccines. DC-based anticancer vaccination relies on patient-derived DCs pulsed with a source of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in the context of standardized maturation-cocktails, followed by their reinfusion. Extensive evidence has confirmed that DC-based vaccines can generate TAA-specific, cytotoxic T cells. Nonetheless, clinical efficacy of DC-based vaccines remains suboptimal, reflecting the widespread immunosuppression within tumors. Thus, clinical interest is being refocused on DC-based vaccines as combinatorial partners for T cell-targeting immunotherapies. Here, we summarize the most recent preclinical/clinical development of anticancer DC vaccination and discuss future perspectives for DC-based vaccines in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Ceusters
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Université de Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Abhishek D. Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Cord-Blood-Stem-Cell-Derived Conventional Dendritic Cells Specifically Originate from CD115-Expressing Precursors. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020181. [PMID: 30764500 PMCID: PMC6406310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells which instruct both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Once mature, they have the capacity to activate and prime naïve T cells for recognition and eradication of pathogens and tumor cells. These characteristics make them excellent candidates for vaccination strategies. Most DC vaccines have been generated from ex vivo culture of monocytes (mo). The use of mo-DCs as vaccines to induce adaptive immunity against cancer has resulted in clinical responses but, overall, treatment success is limited. The application of primary DCs or DCs generated from CD34+ stem cells have been suggested to improve clinical efficacy. Cord blood (CB) is a particularly rich source of CD34+ stem cells for the generation of DCs, but the dynamics and plasticity of the specific DC lineage development are poorly understood. Using flow sorting of DC progenitors from CB cultures and subsequent RNA sequencing, we found that CB-derived DCs (CB-DCs) exclusively originate from CD115+-expressing progenitors. Gene set enrichment analysis displayed an enriched conventional DC profile within the CD115-derived DCs compared with CB mo-DCs. Functional assays demonstrated that these DCs matured and migrated upon good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade stimulation and possessed a high capacity to activate tumor-antigen-specific T cells. In this study, we developed a culture protocol to generate conventional DCs from CB-derived stem cells in sufficient numbers for vaccination strategies. The discovery of a committed DC precursor in CB-derived stem cell cultures further enables utilization of conventional DC-based vaccines to provide powerful antitumor activity and long-term memory immunity.
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15
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Abstract
The published during last few years data concerning communicative role of lectins (proteins and their complexes which recognize carbohydrates, glycoconjugates and their patterns) in on-duty supporting and increasing anticancer status of human immunity are analyzed. Examples of lectin-(glycoconjugate pattern) strategies, approaches and tactic variants in study and development of anticancer treatments, principle variants of therapy, possible vaccines in 35 cases of blood connected tumors (leukemia, lymphomas, others), solid tumors (carcinomas, sarcoma, cancers of vaginal biotopes, prostate, bladder, colon, other intestinal compartments, pancreas, liver, kidneys, others) and cancer cell lines are described and systemized. The list of mostly used communicative lectins (pattern recognition receptors, their soluble forms, other soluble lectins possessing specificities of importance) involving in key intercellular cascades and pathway co-functioning is presented. The regulation of resulting expression of distinct active lectins (available and hetero/di/oligomeric forms) and their interaction to adequate glycoconjugate patterns as well as influence distribution of co-functioning lectins and antigens CD between populations and subpopulations of antigen-presented cells (dendritic cells cDC, mDC, moDC, pDC; macrophages M2 and M1), mucosal M-cells, NK-cells play key role for choice and development of anticancer complex procedures increasing innate and innate-coupled immune responses. Prospects of (receptor lectin)-dependent intercellular communications and targeting glycoconjugate constructions into innate immunity cells for therapy of cancer and development of anticancer vaccines are evaluated and discussed.
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16
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Cornel AM, van Til NP, Boelens JJ, Nierkens S. Strategies to Genetically Modulate Dendritic Cells to Potentiate Anti-Tumor Responses in Hematologic Malignancies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:982. [PMID: 29867960 PMCID: PMC5968097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has been investigated as a potential strategy to target hematologic malignancies, while generating sustained immunological responses to control potential future relapse. Nonetheless, few clinical trials have shown robust long-term efficacy. It has been suggested that a combination of surmountable shortcomings, such as selection of utilized DC subsets, DC loading and maturation strategies, as well as tumor-induced immunosuppression may be targeted to maximize anti-tumor responses of DC vaccines. Generation of DC from CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) may provide potential in patients undergoing allogeneic HSPC transplantations for hematologic malignancies. CD34+ HSPC from the graft can be genetically modified to optimize antigen presentation and to provide sufficient T cell stimulatory signals. We here describe beneficial (gene)-modifications that can be implemented in various processes in T cell activation by DC, among which major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II presentation, DC maturation and migration, cross-presentation, co-stimulation, and immunosuppression to improve anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelisa M Cornel
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niek P van Til
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Boelens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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17
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Li S, Wu J, Zhu S, Liu YJ, Chen J. Disease-Associated Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1268. [PMID: 29085361 PMCID: PMC5649186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), also called natural interferon (IFN)-producing cells, represent a specialized cell type within the innate immune system. pDCs are specialized in sensing viral RNA and DNA by toll-like receptor-7 and -9 and have the ability to rapidly produce massive amounts of type 1 IFNs upon viral encounter. After producing type 1 IFNs, pDCs differentiate into professional antigen-presenting cells, which are capable of stimulating T cells of the adaptive immune system. Chronic activation of human pDCs by self-DNA or mitochondrial DNA contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosis and IFN-related autoimmune diseases. Under steady-state conditions, pDCs play an important role in immune tolerance. In many types of human cancers, recruitment of pDCs to the tumor microenvironment contributes to the induction of immune tolerance. Here, we provide a systemic review of recent progress in studies on the role of pDCs in human diseases, including cancers and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Sanofi Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Galati D, Zanotta S. Hematologic neoplasms: Dendritic cells vaccines in motion. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:181-190. [PMID: 28870867 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone-marrow-derived immune cells accounted for a key role in cancer vaccination as potent antigen-presenting cells within the immune system. Cancer microenvironment can modulate DCs maturation resulting in their accumulation into functional states associated with a reduced antitumor immune response. In this regard, a successful cancer vaccine needs to mount a potent antitumor immune response able to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor milieu. As a consequence, DCs-based approaches are a safe and promising strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy in hematological malignancies, particularly in combinations with additional treatments. This review summarizes the most significant evidence about the immunotherapeutic strategies performed to target hematologic neoplasms including the tumoral associated antigens (TAA) pulsed on DCs, whole tumor cell vaccines or leukemia-derived DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galati
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem-Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione 'G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Serena Zanotta
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem-Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Hematology, National Cancer Institute, Fondazione 'G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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