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Co IL, Fomina A, Nurse M, McGuigan AP. Applications and evolution of 3D cancer-immune cell models. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00155-0. [PMID: 39025680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the highly complex tumor-immune landscape is an important goal for developing novel immune therapies for solid cancers. To this end, 3D cancer-immune models have emerged as patient-relevant in vitro tools for modeling the tumor-immune landscape and the cellular interactions within it. In this review, we provide an overview of the components and applications of 3D cancer-immune models and discuss their evolution from 2015 to 2023. Specifically, we observe trends in primary cell-sourced, T cell-based complex models used for therapy evaluation and biological discovery. Finally, we describe the challenges of implementing 3D cancer-immune models and the opportunities for maximizing their potential for deciphering the complex tumor-immune microenvironment and identifying novel, clinically relevant drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana L Co
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Fomina
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Michelle Nurse
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Alison P McGuigan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
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2
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Ghoshal D, Petersen I, Ringquist R, Kramer L, Bhatia E, Hu T, Richard A, Park R, Corbin J, Agarwal S, Thomas A, Ramirez S, Tharayil J, Downey E, Ketchum F, Ochal A, Sonthi N, Lonial S, Kochenderfer JN, Tran R, Zhu M, Lam WA, Coskun AF, Roy K. Multi-Niche Human Bone Marrow On-A-Chip for Studying the Interactions of Adoptive CAR-T Cell Therapies with Multiple Myeloma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588601. [PMID: 38644993 PMCID: PMC11030357 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a cancer of bone marrow plasma cells, is the second-most common hematological malignancy. However, despite immunotherapies like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, relapse is nearly universal. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment influences how MM cells survive, proliferate, and resist treatment. Yet, it is unclear which BM niches give rise to MM pathophysiology. Here, we present a 3D microvascularized culture system, which models the endosteal and perivascular bone marrow niches, allowing us to study MM-stroma interactions in the BM niche and model responses to therapeutic CAR-T cells. We demonstrated the prolonged survival of cell line-based and patient-derived multiple myeloma cells within our in vitro system and successfully flowed in donor-matched CAR-T cells. We then measured T cell survival, differentiation, and cytotoxicity against MM cells using a variety of analysis techniques. Our MM-on-a-chip system could elucidate the role of the BM microenvironment in MM survival and therapeutic evasion and inform the rational design of next-generation therapeutics. TEASER A multiple myeloma model can study why the disease is still challenging to treat despite options that work well in other cancers.
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3
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Lo Presti V, Meringa A, Dunnebach E, van Velzen A, Moreira AV, Stam RW, Kotecha RS, Krippner-Heidenreich A, Heidenreich OT, Plantinga M, Cornel A, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J, van Til NP, Nierkens S. Combining CRISPR-Cas9 and TCR exchange to generate a safe and efficient cord blood-derived T cell product for pediatric relapsed AML. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008174. [PMID: 38580329 PMCID: PMC11002379 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an effective treatment for pediatric patients with high-risk, refractory, or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, a large proportion of transplanted patients eventually die due to relapse. To improve overall survival, we propose a combined strategy based on cord blood (CB)-HCT with the application of AML-specific T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cell therapy derived from the same CB graft. METHODS We produced CB-CD8+ T cells expressing a recombinant TCR (rTCR) against Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) while lacking endogenous TCR (eTCR) expression to avoid mispairing and competition. CRISPR-Cas9 multiplexing was used to target the constant region of the endogenous TCRα (TRAC) and TCRβ (TRBC) chains. Next, an optimized method for lentiviral transduction was used to introduce recombinant WT1-TCR. The cytotoxic and migration capacity of the product was evaluated in coculture assays for both cell lines and primary pediatric AML blasts. RESULTS The gene editing and transduction procedures achieved high efficiency, with up to 95% of cells lacking eTCR and over 70% of T cells expressing rWT1-TCR. WT1-TCR-engineered T cells lacking the expression of their eTCR (eTCR-/- WT1-TCR) showed increased cell surface expression of the rTCR and production of cytotoxic cytokines, such as granzyme A and B, perforin, interferon-γ (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), on antigen recognition when compared with WT1-TCR-engineered T cells still expressing their eTCR (eTCR+/+ WT1-TCR). CRISPR-Cas9 editing did not affect immunophenotypic characteristics or T cell activation and did not induce increased expression of inhibitory molecules. eTCR-/- WT1-TCR CD8+ CB-T cells showed effective migratory and killing capacity in cocultures with neoplastic cell lines and primary AML blasts, but did not show toxicity toward healthy cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show the feasibility of developing a potent CB-derived CD8+ T cell product targeting WT1, providing an option for post-transplant allogeneic immune cell therapy or as an off-the-shelf product, to prevent relapse and improve the clinical outcome of children with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Lo Presti
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Meringa
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ester Dunnebach
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alice van Velzen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ronald W Stam
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Maud Plantinga
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelisa Cornel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niek P van Til
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Nierkens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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Verbruggen SW, Freeman CL, Freeman FE. Utilizing 3D Models to Unravel the Dynamics of Myeloma Plasma Cells' Escape from the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:889. [PMID: 38473251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advancements have markedly increased the survival rates of individuals with multiple myeloma (MM), doubling survival compared to pre-2000 estimates. This progress, driven by highly effective novel agents, suggests a growing population of MM survivors exceeding the 10-year mark post-diagnosis. However, contemporary clinical observations indicate potential trends toward more aggressive relapse phenotypes, characterized by extramedullary disease and dominant proliferative clones, despite these highly effective treatments. To build upon these advances, it is crucial to develop models of MM evolution, particularly focusing on understanding the biological mechanisms behind its development outside the bone marrow. This comprehensive understanding is essential to devising innovative treatment strategies. This review emphasizes the role of 3D models, specifically addressing the bone marrow microenvironment and development of extramedullary sites. It explores the current state-of-the-art in MM modelling, highlighting challenges in replicating the disease's complexity. Recognizing the unique demand for accurate models, the discussion underscores the potential impact of these advanced 3D models on understanding and combating this heterogeneous and still incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan W Verbruggen
- Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Center for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Ciara L Freeman
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Fiona E Freeman
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Engineering and Materials Science Centre, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Hernández-López P, van Diest E, Brazda P, Heijhuurs S, Meringa A, Hoorens van Heyningen L, Riillo C, Schwenzel C, Zintchenko M, Johanna I, Nicolasen MJT, Cleven A, Kluiver TA, Millen R, Zheng J, Karaiskaki F, Straetemans T, Clevers H, de Bree R, Stunnenberg HG, Peng WC, Roodhart J, Minguet S, Sebestyén Z, Beringer DX, Kuball J. Dual targeting of cancer metabolome and stress antigens affects transcriptomic heterogeneity and efficacy of engineered T cells. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:88-101. [PMID: 38012415 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Few cancers can be targeted efficiently by engineered T cell strategies. Here, we show that γδ T cell antigen receptor (γδ TCR)-mediated cancer metabolome targeting can be combined with targeting of cancer-associated stress antigens (such as NKG2D ligands or CD277) through the addition of chimeric co-receptors. This strategy overcomes suboptimal γ9δ2 TCR engagement of αβ T cells engineered to express a defined γδ TCR (TEGs) and improves serial killing, proliferation and persistence of TEGs. In vivo, the NKG2D-CD28WT chimera enabled control only of liquid tumors, whereas the NKG2D-4-1BBCD28TM chimera prolonged persistence of TEGs and improved control of liquid and solid tumors. The CD277-targeting chimera (103-4-1BB) was the most optimal co-stimulation format, eradicating both liquid and solid tumors. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that NKG2D-4-1BBCD28TM and 103-4-1BB chimeras reprogram TEGs through NF-κB. Owing to competition with naturally expressed NKG2D in CD8+ TEGs, the NKG2D-4-1BBCD28TM chimera mainly skewed CD4+ TEGs toward adhesion, proliferation, cytotoxicity and less exhausted signatures, whereas the 103-4-1BB chimera additionally shaped the CD8+ subset toward a proliferative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hernández-López
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eline van Diest
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Brazda
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heijhuurs
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angelo Meringa
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lauren Hoorens van Heyningen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caroline Schwenzel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI) and Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marina Zintchenko
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI) and Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Inez Johanna
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mara J T Nicolasen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Cleven
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas A Kluiver
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosemary Millen
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiali Zheng
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Froso Karaiskaki
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Weng Chuan Peng
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanine Roodhart
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Minguet
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI) and Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zsolt Sebestyén
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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6
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Cao R, Li NT, Latour S, Cadavid JL, Tan CM, Forman A, Jackson HW, McGuigan AP. An Automation Workflow for High-Throughput Manufacturing and Analysis of Scaffold-Supported 3D Tissue Arrays. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202422. [PMID: 37086259 PMCID: PMC11468893 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids have emerged as a useful tool to model tumour heterogeneity. Scaling these complex culture models while enabling stratified analysis of different cellular sub-populations, however, remains a challenge. One strategy to enable higher throughput organoid cultures is the scaffold-supported platform for organoid-based tissues (SPOT). SPOT allows the generation of flat, thin, and dimensionally-defined microtissues in both 96- and 384-well plate footprints that are compatible with longitudinal image-based readouts. SPOT is currently manufactured manually, however, limiting scalability. In this study, an automation approach to engineer tumour-mimetic 3D microtissues in SPOT using a liquid handler is optimized and comparable within- and between-sample variation to standard manual manufacturing is shown. Further, a liquid handler-supported cell extraction protocol to support single-cell-based end-point analysis using high-throughput flow cytometry and multiplexed cytometry by time of flight is developed. As a proof-of-value demonstration, 3D complex tissues containing different proportions of tumour and stromal cells are generated to probe the reciprocal impact of co-culture. It is also demonstrated that primary patient-derived organoids can be incorporated into the pipeline to capture patient-level tumour heterogeneity. It is envisioned that this automated 96/384-SPOT workflow will provide opportunities for future applications in high-throughput screening for novel personalized therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Cao
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto164 College StreetTorontoONM5S 3G9Canada
| | - Nancy T. Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoONM5R 3S5Canada
| | - Simon Latour
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto164 College StreetTorontoONM5S 3G9Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoONM5R 3S5Canada
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai Hospital600 University AveTorontoONM5G 1X5Canada
| | - Jose L. Cadavid
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto164 College StreetTorontoONM5S 3G9Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoONM5R 3S5Canada
| | - Cassidy M. Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoONM5R 3S5Canada
| | - Ari Forman
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai Hospital600 University AveTorontoONM5G 1X5Canada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Toronto1 King's College CirTorontoONM5S 1A8Canada
| | - Hartland W. Jackson
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai Hospital600 University AveTorontoONM5G 1X5Canada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Toronto1 King's College CirTorontoONM5S 1A8Canada
- Ontario Institute of Cancer Research661 University AveTorontoONM5G 0A3Canada
| | - Alison P. McGuigan
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto164 College StreetTorontoONM5S 3G9Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoONM5R 3S5Canada
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7
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Meringa AD, Hernández-López P, Cleven A, de Witte M, Straetemans T, Kuball J, Beringer DX, Sebestyen Z. Strategies to improve γδTCRs engineered T-cell therapies for the treatment of solid malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159337. [PMID: 37441064 PMCID: PMC10333927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Meringa
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - P. Hernández-López
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A. Cleven
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M. de Witte
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - T. Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D. X. Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Z. Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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8
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Fevre R, Mary G, Vertti-Quintero N, Durand A, Tomasi RFX, Del Nery E, Baroud CN. Combinatorial drug screening on 3D Ewing sarcoma spheroids using droplet-based microfluidics. iScience 2023; 26:106651. [PMID: 37168549 PMCID: PMC10165258 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Culturing and screening cells in microfluidics, particularly in three-dimensional formats, has the potential to impact diverse areas from fundamental biology to cancer precision medicine. Here, we use a platform based on anchored droplets for drug screening. The response of spheroids of Ewing sarcoma (EwS) A673 cells to simultaneous or sequential combinations of etoposide and cisplatin was evaluated. This was done by culturing spheroids of EwS cells inside 500 nL droplets then merging them with secondary droplets containing fluorescent-barcoded drugs at different concentrations. Differences in EwS spheroid growth and viability were measured by microscopy. After drug exposure such measurements enabled estimation of their IC50 values, which were in agreement with values obtained in standard multiwell plates. Then, synergistic drug combination was evaluated. Sequential combination treatment of EwS with etoposide applied 24 h before cisplatin resulted in amplified synergistic effect. As such, droplet-based microfluidics offers the modularity required for evaluation of drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fevre
- Laboratoire d’ Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, EcolePolytechnique, InstitutPolytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Mary
- Okomera, iPEPS, the HealthTech Hub, Paris Brain Institute, HôpitalPitiéSalpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Vertti-Quintero
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aude Durand
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël F.-X. Tomasi
- Laboratoire d’ Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, EcolePolytechnique, InstitutPolytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Okomera, iPEPS, the HealthTech Hub, Paris Brain Institute, HôpitalPitiéSalpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Translational Research Department, PICT-IBiSA, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Charles N. Baroud
- Laboratoire d’ Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, EcolePolytechnique, InstitutPolytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Physical microfluidics and Bioengineering, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Corresponding author
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9
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Golafshan N, Castilho M, Daghrery A, Alehosseini M, van de Kemp T, Krikonis K, de Ruijter M, Dal-Fabbro R, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Bhaduri SB, Bottino MC, Malda J. Composite Graded Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds for Regeneration of the Periodontal Ligament-to-Bone Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12735-12749. [PMID: 36854044 PMCID: PMC11022588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a ubiquitous chronic inflammatory, bacteria-triggered oral disease affecting the adult population. If left untreated, periodontitis can lead to severe tissue destruction, eventually resulting in tooth loss. Despite previous efforts in clinically managing the disease, therapeutic strategies are still lacking. Herein, melt electrowriting (MEW) is utilized to develop a compositionally and structurally tailored graded scaffold for regeneration of the periodontal ligament-to-bone interface. The composite scaffolds, consisting of fibers of polycaprolactone (PCL) and fibers of PCL-containing magnesium phosphate (MgP) were fabricated using MEW. To maximize the bond between bone (MgP) and ligament (PCL) regions, we evaluated two different fiber architectures in the interface area. These were a crosshatch pattern at a 0/90° angle and a random pattern. MgP fibrous scaffolds were able to promote in vitro bone formation even in culture media devoid of osteogenic supplements. Mechanical properties after MgP incorporation resulted in an increase of the elastic modulus and yield stress of the scaffolds, and fiber orientation in the interfacial zone affected the interfacial toughness. Composite graded MEW scaffolds enhanced bone fill when they were implanted in an in vivo periodontal fenestration defect model in rats. The presence of an interfacial zone allows coordinated regeneration of multitissues, as indicated by higher expression of bone, ligament, and cementoblastic markers compared to empty defects. Collectively, MEW-fabricated scaffolds having compositionally and structurally tailored zones exhibit a good mimicry of the periodontal complex, with excellent regenerative capacity and great potential as a defect-specific treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Golafshan
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arwa Daghrery
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Morteza Alehosseini
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tom van de Kemp
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Krikonis
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mylene de Ruijter
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renan Dal-Fabbro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Sarit B. Bhaduri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
- EEC Division, Directorate of Engineering, The National Science Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, United States
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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10
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Giannotta C, Autino F, Massaia M. Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy in blood cancers: ready for prime time? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1167443. [PMID: 37143664 PMCID: PMC10153673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic interventions in cancer. Cancer cells are highly dependent on the TME to growth and evade the immune system. Three major cell subpopulations are facing each other in the TME: cancer cells, immune suppressor cells, and immune effector cells. These interactions are influenced by the tumor stroma which is composed of extracellular matrix, bystander cells, cytokines, and soluble factors. The TME can be very different depending on the tissue where cancer arises as in solid tumors vs blood cancers. Several studies have shown correlations between the clinical outcome and specific patterns of TME immune cell infiltration. In the recent years, a growing body of evidence suggests that unconventional T cells like natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γδ T cells are key players in the protumor or antitumor TME commitment in solid tumors and blood cancers. In this review, we will focus on γδ T cells, especially Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, to discuss their peculiarities, pros, and cons as potential targets of therapeutic interventions in blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannotta
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Autino
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimo Massaia,
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11
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Braham MV, van Binnendijk RS, Buisman AMM, Mebius RE, de Wit J, van Els CA. A synthetic human 3D in vitro lymphoid model enhancing B-cell survival and functional differentiation. iScience 2022; 26:105741. [PMID: 36590159 PMCID: PMC9794978 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate B-cell differentiation and maturation occurring in the germinal center (GC) using in vitro culture systems, key factors and interactions of the GC reaction need to be accurately simulated. This study aims at improving in vitro GC simulation using 3D culture techniques. Human B-cells were incorporated into PEG-4MAL hydrogels, to create a synthetic extracellular matrix, supported by CD40L cells, human tonsil-derived lymphoid stromal cells, and cytokines. The differentiation and antibody production of CD19+B-cells was best supported in a 5.0%-PEG-4MAL, 2.0 mM-RGD-peptide composition. The 3D culture significantly increased plasmablast and plasma cell numbers as well as antibody production, with less B-cell death compared to 2D cultures. Class switching of naive CD19+IgD+B-cells toward IgG+ and IgA+B-cells was observed. The formation of large B-cell clusters indicates the formation of GC-like structures. In conclusion, a well-characterized and controllable hydrogel-based human 3D lymphoid model is presented that supports enhanced B-cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike V.J. Braham
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rob S. van Binnendijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie M. Buisman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Reina E. Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands,Corresponding author
| | - Cécile A.C.M. van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands,Corresponding author
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12
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Lourenço D, Lopes R, Pestana C, Queirós AC, João C, Carneiro EA. Patient-Derived Multiple Myeloma 3D Models for Personalized Medicine-Are We There Yet? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12888. [PMID: 36361677 PMCID: PMC9657251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide variety of existing therapies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains a disease with dismal prognosis. Choosing the right treatment for each patient remains one of the major challenges. A new approach being explored is the use of ex vivo models for personalized medicine. Two-dimensional culture or animal models often fail to predict clinical outcomes. Three-dimensional ex vivo models using patients' bone marrow (BM) cells may better reproduce the complexity and heterogeneity of the BM microenvironment. Here, we review the strengths and limitations of currently existing patient-derived ex vivo three-dimensional MM models. We analyze their biochemical and biophysical properties, molecular and cellular characteristics, as well as their potential for drug testing and identification of disease biomarkers. Furthermore, we discuss the remaining challenges and give some insight on how to achieve a more biomimetic and accurate MM BM model. Overall, there is still a need for standardized culture methods and refined readout techniques. Including both myeloma and other cells of the BM microenvironment in a simple and reproducible three-dimensional scaffold is the key to faithfully mapping and examining the relationship between these players in MM. This will allow a patient-personalized profile, providing a powerful tool for clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lourenço
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lopes
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pestana
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre of Statistics and Its Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Queirós
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina João
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Department of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emilie Arnault Carneiro
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group—Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme of Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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13
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Giger S, Hofer M, Miljkovic-Licina M, Hoehnel S, Brandenberg N, Guiet R, Ehrbar M, Kleiner E, Gegenschatz-Schmid K, Matthes T, Lutolf MP. Microarrayed human bone marrow organoids for modeling blood stem cell dynamics. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:036101. [PMID: 35818479 PMCID: PMC9270995 DOI: 10.1063/5.0092860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In many leukemia patients, a poor prognosis is attributed either to the development of chemotherapy resistance by leukemic stem cells (LSCs) or to the inefficient engraftment of transplanted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) into the bone marrow (BM). Here, we build a 3D in vitro model system of bone marrow organoids (BMOs) that recapitulate several structural and cellular components of native BM. These organoids are formed in a high-throughput manner from the aggregation of endothelial and mesenchymal cells within hydrogel microwells. Accordingly, the mesenchymal compartment shows partial maintenance of its self-renewal and multilineage potential, while endothelial cells self-organize into an interconnected vessel-like network. Intriguingly, such an endothelial compartment enhances the recruitment of HSPCs in a chemokine ligand/receptor-dependent manner, reminiscent of HSPC homing behavior in vivo. Additionally, we also model LSC migration and nesting in BMOs, thus highlighting the potential of this system as a well accessible and scalable preclinical model for candidate drug screening and patient-specific assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Giger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Hofer
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sylke Hoehnel
- SUN Bioscience, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Romain Guiet
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Ehrbar Lab, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Kleiner
- Ehrbar Lab, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Bruschi M, Vanzolini T, Sahu N, Balduini A, Magnani M, Fraternale A. Functionalized 3D scaffolds for engineering the hematopoietic niche. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:968086. [PMID: 36061428 PMCID: PMC9428512 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.968086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a subzone of the bone marrow (BM) defined as the hematopoietic niche where, via the interplay of differentiation and self-renewal, they can give rise to immune and blood cells. Artificial hematopoietic niches were firstly developed in 2D in vitro cultures but the limited expansion potential and stemness maintenance induced the optimization of these systems to avoid the total loss of the natural tissue complexity. The next steps were adopted by engineering different materials such as hydrogels, fibrous structures with natural or synthetic polymers, ceramics, etc. to produce a 3D substrate better resembling that of BM. Cytokines, soluble factors, adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and the secretome of other niche-resident cells play a fundamental role in controlling and regulating HSC commitment. To provide biochemical cues, co-cultures, and feeder-layers, as well as natural or synthetic molecules were utilized. This review gathers key elements employed for the functionalization of a 3D scaffold that demonstrated to promote HSC growth and differentiation ranging from 1) biophysical cues, i.e., material, topography, stiffness, oxygen tension, and fluid shear stress to 2) biochemical hints favored by the presence of ECM elements, feeder cell layers, and redox scavengers. Particular focus is given to the 3D systems to recreate megakaryocyte products, to be applied for blood cell production, whereas HSC clinical application in such 3D constructs was limited so far to BM diseases testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bruschi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michela Bruschi,
| | - Tania Vanzolini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Neety Sahu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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15
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Cacciamali A, Villa R, Dotti S. 3D Cell Cultures: Evolution of an Ancient Tool for New Applications. Front Physiol 2022; 13:836480. [PMID: 35936888 PMCID: PMC9353320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.836480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, research is undergoing a drastic change in the application of the animal model as a unique investigation strategy, considering an alternative approach for the development of science for the future. Although conventional monolayer cell cultures represent an established and widely used in vitro method, the lack of tissue architecture and the complexity of such a model fails to inform true biological processes in vivo. Recent advances in cell culture techniques have revolutionized in vitro culture tools for biomedical research by creating powerful three-dimensional (3D) models to recapitulate cell heterogeneity, structure and functions of primary tissues. These models also bridge the gap between traditional two-dimensional (2D) single-layer cultures and animal models. 3D culture systems allow researchers to recreate human organs and diseases in one dish and thus holds great promise for many applications such as regenerative medicine, drug discovery, precision medicine, and cancer research, and gene expression studies. Bioengineering has made an important contribution in the context of 3D systems using scaffolds that help mimic the microenvironments in which cells naturally reside, supporting the mechanical, physical and biochemical requirements for cellular growth and function. We therefore speak of models based on organoids, bioreactors, organ-on-a-chip up to bioprinting and each of these systems provides its own advantages and applications. All of these techniques prove to be excellent candidates for the development of alternative methods for animal testing, as well as revolutionizing cell culture technology. 3D systems will therefore be able to provide new ideas for the study of cellular interactions both in basic and more specialized research, in compliance with the 3R principle. In this review, we provide a comparison of 2D cell culture with 3D cell culture, provide details of some of the different 3D culture techniques currently available by discussing their strengths as well as their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Dotti
- *Correspondence: Andrea Cacciamali, ; Silvia Dotti,
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16
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Nezhad Shamohammadi F, Yazdanifar M, Oraei M, Kazemi MH, Roohi A, Mahya Shariat Razavi S, Rezaei F, Parvizpour F, Karamlou Y, Namdari H. Controversial role of γδ T cells in pancreatic cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108895. [PMID: 35729831 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are rare lymphocytes with cogent impact on immune responses. These cells are one of the earliest cells to be recruited in the sites of infection or tumors and play a critical role in coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses. The anti-tumor activity of γδ T cells have been numerously reported; nonetheless, there is controversy among published studies regarding their anti-tumor vs pro-tumor effect- especially in pancreatic cancer. A myriad of studies has confirmed that activated γδ T cells can potently lyse a broad variety of solid tumors and leukemia/lymphoma cells and produce an array of cytokines; however, early γδ T cell-based clinical trials did not lead to optimal efficacy, despite acceptable safety. Depending on the local micromilieu, γδ T cells can differentiate into tumor promoting or suppressing cells such as Th1-, Th2-, or Th17-like cells and produce prototypical cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)-4/-10, IL-9, or IL-17. In an abstruse tumor such as pancreatic cancer- also known as immunologically cold tumor- γδ T cells are more likely to switch to their immunosuppressive phenotype. In this review we will adduce the accumulated knowledge on these two controversial aspects of γδ T cells in cancers- with a focus on solid tumors and pancreatic cancer. In addition, we propose strategies for enhancing the anti-tumor function of γδ T cells in cancers and discuss the potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mona Oraei
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Roohi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Parvizpour
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Karamlou
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haideh Namdari
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Vitale C, Marzagalli M, Scaglione S, Dondero A, Bottino C, Castriconi R. Tumor Microenvironment and Hydrogel-Based 3D Cancer Models for In Vitro Testing Immunotherapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1013. [PMID: 35205760 PMCID: PMC8870468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In a relevant percentage of patients, however, clinical benefits are lower than expected, pushing researchers to deeply analyze the immune responses against tumors and find more reliable and efficient tools to predict the individual response to therapy. Novel tissue engineering strategies can be adopted to realize in vitro fully humanized matrix-based models, as a compromise between standard two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and animal tests, which are costly and hardly usable in personalized medicine. In this review, we describe the main mechanisms allowing cancer cells to escape the immune surveillance, which may play a significant role in the failure of immunotherapies. In particular, we discuss the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the establishment of a milieu that greatly favors cancer malignant progression and impact on the interactions with immune cells. Then, we present an overview of the recent in vitro engineered preclinical three-dimensional (3D) models that have been adopted to resemble the interplays between cancer and immune cells and for testing current therapies and immunotherapeutic approaches. Specifically, we focus on 3D hydrogel-based tools based on different types of polymers, discussing the suitability of each of them in reproducing the TME key features based on their intrinsic or tunable characteristics. Finally, we introduce the possibility to combine the 3D models with technological fluid dynamics platforms, reproducing the dynamic complex interactions between tumor cells and immune effectors migrated in situ via the systemic circulation, pointing out the challenges that still have to be overcome for setting more predictive preclinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vitale
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.V.); (A.D.); (R.C.)
| | | | - Silvia Scaglione
- React4life SRL, 16121 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunications (IEIIT), 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dondero
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.V.); (A.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.V.); (A.D.); (R.C.)
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Castriconi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.V.); (A.D.); (R.C.)
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18
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Jiang Y, Lin W, Zhu L. Targeted Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Blood Cancers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041310. [PMID: 35209102 PMCID: PMC8880555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood cancers are a type of liquid tumor which means cancer is present in the body fluid. Multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma are the three common types of blood cancers. Chemotherapy is the major therapy of blood cancers by systemic administration of anticancer agents into the blood. However, a high incidence of relapse often happens, due to the low efficiency of the anticancer agents that accumulate in the tumor site, and therefore lead to a low survival rate of patients. This indicates an urgent need for a targeted drug delivery system to improve the safety and efficacy of therapeutics for blood cancers. In this review, we describe the current targeting strategies for blood cancers and recently investigated and approved drug delivery system formulations for blood cancers. In addition, we also discuss current challenges in the application of drug delivery systems for treating blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Weifeng Lin
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot 761001, Israel;
| | - Linyi Zhu
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Correspondence:
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19
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The Role of γδ T Cells as a Line of Defense in Viral Infections after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Opportunities and Challenges. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010117. [PMID: 35062321 PMCID: PMC8779492 DOI: 10.3390/v14010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the complex interplay between inflammation and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), viral reactivations are often observed and cause substantial morbidity and mortality. As toxicity after allo-HSCT within the context of viral reactivations is mainly driven by αβ T cells, we describe that by delaying αβ T cell reconstitution through defined transplantation techniques, we can harvest the full potential of early reconstituting γδ T cells to control viral reactivations. We summarize evidence of how the γδ T cell repertoire is shaped by CMV and EBV reactivations after allo-HSCT, and their potential role in controlling the most important, but not all, viral reactivations. As most γδ T cells recognize their targets in an MHC-independent manner, γδ T cells not only have the potential to control viral reactivations but also to impact the underlying hematological malignancies. We also highlight the recently re-discovered ability to recognize classical HLA-molecules through a γδ T cell receptor, which also surprisingly do not associate with GVHD. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells and their receptors within and outside the context of allo-HSCT, as well as the opportunities and challenges for developers and for payers.
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20
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Understanding and improving cellular immunotherapies against cancer: From cell-manufacturing to tumor-immune models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114003. [PMID: 34653533 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is shaped by dynamic metabolic and immune interactions between precancerous and cancerous tumor cells and stromal cells like epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and hematopoietically-derived immune cells. The metabolic states of the TME, including the hypoxic and acidic niches, influence the immunosuppressive phenotypes of the stromal and immune cells, which confers resistance to both host-mediated tumor killing and therapeutics. Numerous in vitro TME platforms for studying immunotherapies, including cell therapies, are being developed. However, we do not yet understand which immune and stromal components are most critical and how much model complexity is needed to answer specific questions. In addition, scalable sourcing and quality-control of appropriate TME cells for reproducibly manufacturing these platforms remain challenging. In this regard, lessons from the manufacturing of immunomodulatory cell therapies could provide helpful guidance. Although immune cell therapies have shown unprecedented results in hematological cancers and hold promise in solid tumors, their manufacture poses significant scale, cost, and quality control challenges. This review first provides an overview of the in vivo TME, discussing the most influential cell populations in the tumor-immune landscape. Next, we summarize current approaches for cell therapies against cancers and the relevant manufacturing platforms. We then evaluate current immune-tumor models of the TME and immunotherapies, highlighting the complexity, architecture, function, and cell sources. Finally, we present the technical and fundamental knowledge gaps in both cell manufacturing systems and immune-TME models that must be addressed to elucidate the interactions between endogenous tumor immunity and exogenous engineered immunity.
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21
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van Diest E, Hernández López P, Meringa AD, Vyborova A, Karaiskaki F, Heijhuurs S, Gumathi Bormin J, van Dooremalen S, Nicolasen MJT, Gatti LCDE, Johanna I, Straetemans T, Sebestyén Z, Beringer DX, Kuball J. Gamma delta TCR anti-CD3 bispecific molecules (GABs) as novel immunotherapeutic compounds. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003850. [PMID: 34815357 PMCID: PMC8611453 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background γ9δ2 T cells hold great promise as cancer therapeutics because of their unique capability of reacting to metabolic changes with tumor cells. However, it has proven very difficult to translate this promise into clinical success. Methods In order to better utilize the tumor reactivity of γ9δ2T cells and combine this with the great potential of T cell engager molecules, we developed a novel bispecific molecule by linking the extracellular domains of tumor-reactive γ9δ2TCRs to a CD3-binding moiety, creating gamma delta TCR anti-CD3 bispecific molecules (GABs). GABs were tested in vitro and in vivo for ability to redirect T lymphocytes to a variety of tumor cell lines and primary patient material. Results GABs utilizing naturally occurring high affinity γ9δ2TCRs efficiently induced αβT cell mediated phosphoantigen-dependent recognition of tumor cells. Reactivity was substantially modulated by variations in the Vδ2 CDR3-region and the BTN2A1-binding HV4-region between CDR2 and CDR3 of the γ-chain was crucial for functionality. GABs redirected αβT cells against a broad range of hematopoietic and solid tumor cell lines and primary acute myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, they enhanced infiltration of immune cells in a 3D bone marrow niche and left healthy tissues intact, while eradicating primary multiple myeloma cells. Lastly, GABs constructed from natural high affinity γ9δ2TCR sequences significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo in a subcutaneous myeloma xenograft model. Conclusions We conclude that GABs allow for the introduction of metabolic targeting of cancer cells to the field of T cell engagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline van Diest
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Hernández López
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo D Meringa
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Vyborova
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Froso Karaiskaki
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heijhuurs
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Gumathi Bormin
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne van Dooremalen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mara J T Nicolasen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucrezia C D E Gatti
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Johanna
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyén
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands .,Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy of differentiated B cells that resides primarily in bone marrow niches. Its interaction with the microenvironment is known to provide a survival advantage and plays an important role in drug resistance. Despite the increased efficacy of new treatment drugs, clinical results oftentimes fall short of in vitro observations, and this disease remains incurable. Conventional 2-dimensional cultures used to perform chemosensitivity assays and the established multiple myeloma cells lines commonly used do not replicate the conditions seen in vivo. This review presents various 3-dimensional culture platforms for myeloma that attempt to overcome this obstacle by incorporating aspects of the tumor microenvironment. The unique features of each model and contributions they have provided in personalized medicine, tumor physiology, and chemosensitivity assays will be summarized.
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23
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Chimeric antigen receptor- and natural killer cell receptor-engineered innate killer cells in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2083-2100. [PMID: 34267335 PMCID: PMC8429625 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has demonstrated impressive therapeutic efficacy against hematological malignancies, but multiple challenges have hindered its application, particularly for the eradication of solid tumors. Innate killer cells (IKCs), particularly NK cells, NKT cells, and γδ T cells, employ specific antigen-independent innate tumor recognition and cytotoxic mechanisms that simultaneously display high antitumor efficacy and prevent tumor escape caused by antigen loss or modulation. IKCs are associated with a low risk of developing GVHD, thus offering new opportunities for allogeneic "off-the-shelf" cellular therapeutic products. The unique innate features, wide tumor recognition range, and potent antitumor functions of IKCs make them potentially excellent candidates for cancer immunotherapy, particularly serving as platforms for CAR development. In this review, we first provide a brief summary of the challenges hampering CAR-T-cell therapy applications and then discuss the latest CAR-NK-cell research, covering the advantages, applications, and clinical translation of CAR- and NK-cell receptor (NKR)-engineered IKCs. Advances in synthetic biology and the development of novel genetic engineering techniques, such as gene-editing and cellular reprogramming, will enable the further optimization of IKC-based anticancer therapies.
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24
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Hammel JH, Cook SR, Belanger MC, Munson JM, Pompano RR. Modeling Immunity In Vitro: Slices, Chips, and Engineered Tissues. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 23:461-491. [PMID: 33872520 PMCID: PMC8277680 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082420-124920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Modeling immunity in vitro has the potential to be a powerful tool for investigating fundamental biological questions, informing therapeutics and vaccines, and providing new insight into disease progression. There are two major elements to immunity that are necessary to model: primary immune tissues and peripheral tissues with immune components. Here, we systematically review progress made along three strategies to modeling immunity: ex vivo cultures, which preserve native tissue structure; microfluidic devices, which constitute a versatile approach to providing physiologically relevant fluid flow and environmental control; and engineered tissues, which provide precise control of the 3D microenvironment and biophysical cues. While many models focus on disease modeling, more primary immune tissue models are necessary to advance the field. Moving forward, we anticipate that the expansion of patient-specific models may inform why immunity varies from patient to patient and allow for the rapid comprehension and treatment of emerging diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Hammel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA;
| | - Sophie R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Maura C Belanger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jennifer M Munson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA;
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA;
- Carter Immunology Center and UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
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25
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Spaan I, Timmerman LM, Kimman T, Slomp A, Cuenca M, van Nieuwenhuijzen N, Moesbergen LM, Minnema MC, Raymakers RA, Peperzak V. Direct P70S6K1 inhibition to replace dexamethasone in synergistic combination with MCL-1 inhibition in multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2593-2607. [PMID: 34152396 PMCID: PMC8270664 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel combination therapies have markedly improved the lifespan of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but drug resistance and disease relapse remain major clinical problems. Dexamethasone and other glucocorticoids are a cornerstone of conventional and new combination therapies for MM, although their use is accompanied by serious side effects. We aimed to uncover drug combinations that act in synergy and, as such, allow reduced dosing while remaining effective. Dexamethasone and the myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) inhibitor S63845 (MCL-1i) proved the most potent combination in our lethality screen and induced apoptosis of human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) that was 50% higher compared with an additive drug effect. Kinome analysis of dexamethasone-treated HMCLs revealed a reduction in serine/threonine peptide phosphorylation, which was predicted to result from reduced Akt activity. Biochemical techniques showed no dexamethasone-induced effects on FOXO protein or GSK3 but did show a 50% reduction in P70S6K phosphorylation, downstream of the Akt-mTORC1 axis. Replacing dexamethasone by the P70S6K1 isoform-specific inhibitor PF-4708671 (S6K1i) revealed similar and statistically significant synergistic apoptosis of HMCLs in combination with MCL-1i. Interestingly, apoptosis induced by the P70S6K1i and MCL-1i combination was more-than-additive in all 9 primary MM samples tested; this effect was observed for 6 of 9 samples with the dexamethasone and MCL-1i combination. Toxicity on stem and progenitor cell subsets remained minimal. Combined, our results show a strong rationale for combination treatments using the P70S6K inhibitor in MM. Direct and specific inhibition of P70S6K may also provide a solution for patients ineligible or insensitive to dexamethasone or other glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Niels van Nieuwenhuijzen
- Center for Translational Immunology and
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier A Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Three-Dimensional Reconstructed Bone Marrow Matrix Culture Improves the Viability of Primary Myeloma Cells In-Vitro via a STAT3-Dependent Mechanism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:313-323. [PMID: 34201211 PMCID: PMC8928965 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary myeloma (PM) cells are short-lived in conventional culture, which limited their usefulness as a study model. Here, we evaluated if three-dimensional (3D) culture can significantly prolong the longevity of PM cells in-vitro. We employed a previously established 3D model for culture of bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated from 15 patients. We assessed the proportion of PM cells, viability and proliferation using CD38 staining, trypan blue exclusion assays and carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining, respectively. We observed significantly more CD38+ viable cells in 3D than in conventional culture (65% vs. 25%, p = 0.006) on day 3. CFSE staining showed no significant difference in cell proliferation between the two culture systems. Moreover, we found that PM cells in 3D culture are more STAT3 active by measure of pSTAT3 staining (66% vs. 10%, p = 0.008). Treatment of IL6, a STAT3 activator significantly increased CD38+ cell viability (41% to 68%, p = 0.021). In comparison, inhibition of STAT3 with Stattic significantly decreased PM cell viability in 3D culture (38% to 17% p = 0.010). Neither IL6 nor Stattic affected the PM cell viability in conventional culture. This study suggests that 3D culture can significantly improve the longevity of PM cells in-vitro, and STAT3 activation can further improve their viability.
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27
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Li Y, Li G, Zhang J, Wu X, Chen X. The Dual Roles of Human γδ T Cells: Anti-Tumor or Tumor-Promoting. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619954. [PMID: 33664732 PMCID: PMC7921733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are the unique T cell subgroup with their T cell receptors composed of γ chain and δ chain. Unlike αβ T cells, γδ T cells are non-MHC-restricted in recognizing tumor antigens, and therefore defined as innate immune cells. Activated γδ T cells can promote the anti-tumor function of adaptive immune cells. They are considered as a bridge between adaptive immunity and innate immunity. However, several other studies have shown that γδ T cells can also promote tumor progression by inhibiting anti-tumor response. Therefore, γδ T cells may have both anti-tumor and tumor-promoting effects. In order to clarify this contradiction, in this review, we summarized the functions of the main subsets of human γδ T cells in how they exhibit their respective anti-tumor or pro-tumor effects in cancer. Then, we reviewed recent γδ T cell-based anti-tumor immunotherapy. Finally, we summarized the existing problems and prospect of this immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Gen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tian Jin University, Tian Jin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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28
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Danziger SA, McConnell M, Gockley J, Young MH, Rosenthal A, Schmitz F, Reiss DJ, Farmer P, Alapat DV, Singh A, Ashby C, Bauer M, Ren Y, Smith K, Couto SS, van Rhee F, Davies F, Zangari M, Petty N, Orlowski RZ, Dhodapkar MV, Copeland WB, Fox B, Hoering A, Fitch A, Newhall K, Barlogie B, Trotter MWB, Hershberg RM, Walker BA, Dervan AP, Ratushny AV, Morgan GJ. Bone marrow microenvironments that contribute to patient outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A cohort study of patients in the Total Therapy clinical trials. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003323. [PMID: 33147277 PMCID: PMC7641353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) is increasingly appreciated as an important determinant of cancer outcome, including in multiple myeloma (MM). However, most myeloma microenvironment studies have been based on bone marrow (BM) aspirates, which often do not fully reflect the cellular content of BM tissue itself. To address this limitation in myeloma research, we systematically characterized the whole bone marrow (WBM) microenvironment during premalignant, baseline, on treatment, and post-treatment phases. METHODS AND FINDINGS Between 2004 and 2019, 998 BM samples were taken from 436 patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America. These patients were 61% male and 39% female, 89% White, 8% Black, and 3% other/refused, with a mean age of 58 years. Using WBM and matched cluster of differentiation (CD)138-selected tumor gene expression to control for tumor burden, we identified a subgroup of patients with an adverse TME associated with 17 fewer months of progression-free survival (PFS) (95% confidence interval [CI] 5-29, 49-69 versus 70-82 months, χ2 p = 0.001) and 15 fewer months of overall survival (OS; 95% CI -1 to 31, 92-120 versus 113-129 months, χ2 p = 0.036). Using immunohistochemistry-validated computational tools that identify distinct cell types from bulk gene expression, we showed that the adverse outcome was correlated with elevated CD8+ T cell and reduced granulocytic cell proportions. This microenvironment develops during the progression of premalignant to malignant disease and becomes less prevalent after therapy, in which it is associated with improved outcomes. In patients with quantified International Staging System (ISS) stage and 70-gene Prognostic Risk Score (GEP-70) scores, taking the microenvironment into consideration would have identified an additional 40 out of 290 patients (14%, premutation p = 0.001) with significantly worse outcomes (PFS, 95% CI 6-36, 49-73 versus 74-90 months) who were not identified by existing clinical (ISS stage III) and tumor (GEP-70) criteria as high risk. The main limitations of this study are that it relies on computationally identified cell types and that patients were treated with thalidomide rather than current therapies. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observe that granulocyte signatures in the MM TME contribute to a more accurate prognosis. This implies that future researchers and clinicians treating patients should quantify TME components, in particular monocytes and granulocytes, which are often ignored in microenvironment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Danziger
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SAD); (AVR); (GJM)
| | - Mark McConnell
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jake Gockley
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mary H. Young
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam Rosenthal
- Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Frank Schmitz
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David J. Reiss
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Phil Farmer
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Daisy V. Alapat
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Amrit Singh
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Cody Ashby
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Michael Bauer
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Yan Ren
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kelsie Smith
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Frits van Rhee
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Faith Davies
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Zangari
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Nathan Petty
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Robert Z. Orlowski
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Madhav V. Dhodapkar
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Brian Fox
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Antje Hoering
- Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alison Fitch
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katie Newhall
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bart Barlogie
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - Brian A. Walker
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | | | - Alexander V. Ratushny
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SAD); (AVR); (GJM)
| | - Gareth J. Morgan
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SAD); (AVR); (GJM)
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29
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Vyborova A, Beringer DX, Fasci D, Karaiskaki F, van Diest E, Kramer L, de Haas A, Sanders J, Janssen A, Straetemans T, Olive D, Leusen J, Boutin L, Nedellec S, Schwartz SL, Wester MJ, Lidke KA, Scotet E, Lidke DS, Heck AJ, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J. γ9δ2T cell diversity and the receptor interface with tumor cells. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4637-4651. [PMID: 32484803 PMCID: PMC7456241 DOI: 10.1172/jci132489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
γ9δ2T cells play a major role in cancer immune surveillance, yet the clinical translation of their in vitro promise remains challenging. To address limitations of previous clinical attempts using expanded γ9δ2T cells, we explored the clonal diversity of γ9δ2T cell repertoires and characterized their target. We demonstrated that only a fraction of expanded γ9δ2T cells was active against cancer cells and that activity of the parental clone, or functional avidity of selected γ9δ2 T cell receptors (γ9δ2TCRs), was not associated with clonal frequency. Furthermore, we analyzed the target-receptor interface and provided a 2-receptor, 3-ligand model. We found that activation was initiated by binding of the γ9δ2TCR to BTN2A1 through the regions between CDR2 and CDR3 of the TCR γ chain and modulated by the affinity of the CDR3 region of the TCRδ chain, which was phosphoantigen independent (pAg independent) and did not depend on CD277. CD277 was secondary, serving as a mandatory coactivating ligand. We found that binding of CD277 to its putative ligand did not depend on the presence of γ9δ2TCR, did depend on usage of the intracellular CD277, created pAg-dependent proximity to BTN2A1, enhanced cell-cell conjugate formation, and stabilized the immunological synapse (IS). This process critically depended on the affinity of the γ9δ2TCR and required membrane flexibility of the γ9δ2TCR and CD277, facilitating their polarization and high-density recruitment during IS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vyborova
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis X. Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Domenico Fasci
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Froso Karaiskaki
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eline van Diest
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lovro Kramer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aram de Haas
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Sanders
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anke Janssen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Marseille, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lola Boutin
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology,” Nantes, France
| | - Steven Nedellec
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Santé François Bonamy (SFR-Santé), INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Michael J. Wester
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico (UNM), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Keith A. Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico (UNM), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology,” Nantes, France
| | | | - Albert J.R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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30
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Papadimitriou K, Kostopoulos IV, Tsopanidou A, Orologas-Stavrou N, Kastritis E, Tsitsilonis OE, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E. Ex Vivo Models Simulating the Bone Marrow Environment and Predicting Response to Therapy in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082006. [PMID: 32707884 PMCID: PMC7463609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite the abundance of novel drugs. As it has been previously shown, preclinical 2D models fail to predict disease progression due to their inability to simulate the microenvironment of the bone marrow. In this review, we focus on 3D models and present all currently available ex vivo MM models that fulfil certain criteria, such as development of complex 3D environments using patients' cells and ability to test different drugs in order to assess personalized MM treatment efficacy of various regimens and combinations. We selected models representing the top-notch ex vivo platforms and evaluated them in terms of cost, time-span, and feasibility of the method. Finally, we propose where such a model can be more informative in a patient's treatment timeline. Overall, advanced 3D preclinical models are very promising as they may eventually offer the opportunity to precisely select the optimal personalized treatment for each MM patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Ioannis V. Kostopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.K.); (E.T.); Tel.: +30-210-7274929 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2846 (E.T.); Fax: +30-210-7274635 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2511 (E.T.)
| | - Anastasia Tsopanidou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Orologas-Stavrou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.K.); (E.T.); Tel.: +30-210-7274929 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2846 (E.T.); Fax: +30-210-7274635 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2511 (E.T.)
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Ribeiro P, Leitão L, Monteiro AC, Bortolin A, Moura B, Lamghari M, Neto E. Microfluidic-based models to address the bone marrow metastatic niche complexity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:27-36. [PMID: 32513499 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a preferential metastatic site for solid cancers, contributing to higher morbidity and mortality among millions of oncologic patients worldwide. There are no current efficient therapies to minimize this health burden. Microfluidic based in vitro models emerge as powerful alternatives to animal testing, as well as promising tools for the development of personalized medicine solutions. The complexity associated with the BM metastatic niche originated a wide variety of microfluidic platforms designed to mimic this microenvironment. This review gathers the essential parameters to design an accurate in vitro microfluidic device, based on a comparative analysis of existing models created to address the different steps of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Leitão
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Bortolin
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Moura
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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32
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Liu Y, Zhang C. The Role of Human γδ T Cells in Anti-Tumor Immunity and Their Potential for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051206. [PMID: 32413966 PMCID: PMC7290839 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a distinct subset of T cells whose T cell receptors consist of γ chains and δ chains, different from conventional αβ T cells. γδ T cells are considered as a member of the innate immunity because of their non-MHC restricted antigen recognition, rapid response to invading pathogens and sense early changes of malignant cells. Upon activation, they can further promote the activation of adaptive immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, by secreting various cytokines. Thus, γδ T cells are regarded as a bridge between innate immunity and acquired immunity. γδ T cells are involved in a variety of immune response processes, including immune defense and immune surveillance against infection and tumorigenesis. γδ T cells recognize multiple tumor-associated antigens or molecules in T cell receptors (TCRs)-dependent and natural killer cell receptors (NKRs)-dependent ways. γδ T cells not only display a direct killing capacity on a variety of tumors, but also exert anti-tumor immune responses indirectly by facilitating the function of other immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), B cells and CD8+ T cells. In this review, we summarize the major subpopulations, the tumor recognition mechanisms, and the anti-tumor effects of human γδ T cells, particularly the potential of γδ T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cai Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-531-8838-3782
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33
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Jensen C, Teng Y. Is It Time to Start Transitioning From 2D to 3D Cell Culture? Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:33. [PMID: 32211418 PMCID: PMC7067892 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 807] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture is an important and necessary process in drug discovery, cancer research, as well as stem cell study. Most cells are currently cultured using two-dimensional (2D) methods but new and improved methods that implement three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing techniques suggest compelling evidence that much more advanced experiments can be performed yielding valuable insights. When performing 3D cell culture experiments, the cell environment can be manipulated to mimic that of a cell in vivo and provide more accurate data about cell-to-cell interactions, tumor characteristics, drug discovery, metabolic profiling, stem cell research, and other types of diseases. Scaffold based techniques such as hydrogel-based support, polymeric hard material-based support, hydrophilic glass fiber, and organoids are employed, and each provide their own advantages and applications. Likewise, there are also scaffold free techniques used such as hanging drop microplates, magnetic levitation, and spheroid microplates with ultra-low attachment coating. 3D cell culture has the potential to provide alternative ways to study organ behavior via the use of organoids and is expected to eventually bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and animal models. The present review compares 2D cell culture to 3D cell culture, provides the details surrounding the different 3D culture techniques, as well as focuses on the present and future applications of 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Jensen
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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34
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Johanna I, Hernández-López P, Heijhuurs S, Bongiovanni L, de Bruin A, Beringer D, van Dooremalen S, Shultz LD, Ishikawa F, Sebestyen Z, Straetemans T, Kuball J. TEG011 persistence averts extramedullary tumor growth without exerting off-target toxicity against healthy tissues in a humanized HLA-A*24:02 transgenic mice. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:1069-1079. [PMID: 32022317 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma0120-228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells play an important role in cancer immunosurveillance and are able to distinguish malignant cells from their healthy counterparts via their γδTCR. This characteristic makes γδT cells an attractive candidate for therapeutic application in cancer immunotherapy. Previously, we have identified a novel CD8α-dependent tumor-specific allo-HLA-A*24:02-restricted Vγ5Vδ1TCR with potential therapeutic value when used to engineer αβT cells from HLA-A*24:02 harboring individuals. αβT cells engineered to express this defined Vγ5Vδ1TCR (TEG011) have been suggested to recognize spatial changes in HLA-A*24:02 present selectively on tumor cells but not their healthy counterparts. However, in vivo efficacy and toxicity studies of TEG011 are still limited. Therefore, we extend the efficacy and toxicity studies as well as the dynamics of TEG011 in vivo in a humanized HLA-A*24:02 transgenic NSG (NSG-A24:02) mouse model to allow the preparation of a first-in-men clinical safety package for adoptive transfer of TEG011. Mice treated with TEG011 did not exhibit any graft-versus-host disease-like symptoms and extensive analysis of pathologic changes in NSG-A24:02 mice did not show any off-target toxicity of TEG011. However, loss of persistence of TEG011 in tumor-bearing mice was associated with the outgrowth of extramedullary tumor masses as also observed for mock-treated mice. In conclusion, TEG011 is well tolerated without harming HLA-A*24:02+ expressing healthy tissues, and TEG011 persistence seems to be crucial for long-term tumor control in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Johanna
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Hernández-López
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heijhuurs
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Pathobiology, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Beringer
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne van Dooremalen
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard D Shultz
- Department of Immunology, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Fumihiko Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Straetemans T, Janssen A, Jansen K, Doorn R, Aarts T, van Muyden ADD, Simonis M, Bergboer J, de Witte M, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J. TEG001 Insert Integrity from Vector Producer Cells until Medicinal Product. Mol Ther 2019; 28:561-571. [PMID: 31882320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive usage of gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) in clinical studies and recent approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, little information has been made available on the precise molecular characterization and possible variations in terms of insert integrity and vector copy numbers of different GTMPs during the complete production chain. Within this context, we characterize αβT cells engineered to express a defined γδT cell engineered to express a defined γδT receptor (TEG) currently used in a first-in-human clinical study (NTR6541). Utilizing targeted locus amplification in combination with next generation sequencing for the vector producer clone and TEG001 products, we report on five single-nucleotide variants and nine intact vector copies integrated in the producer clone. The vector copy number in TEG001 cells was on average a factor 0.72 (SD 0.11) below that of the producer cell clone. All nucleotide variants were transferred to TEG001 without having an effect on cellular proliferation during extensive in vitro culture. Based on an environmental risk assessment of the five nucleotide variants present in the non-coding viral region of the TEG001 insert, there was no altered environmental impact of TEG001 cells. We conclude that TEG001 cells do not have an increased risk for malignant transformation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Straetemans
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anke Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Jansen
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud Doorn
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke Aarts
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna D D van Muyden
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Moniek de Witte
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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36
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Forsythe S, Pu T, Skardal A. Using organoid models to predict chemotherapy efficacy: the future of precision oncology? EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2019.1685868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Forsythe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tracey Pu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Bowman Gray Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Bowman Gray Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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37
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Ham J, Lever L, Fox M, Reagan MR. In Vitro 3D Cultures to Reproduce the Bone Marrow Niche. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10228. [PMID: 31687654 PMCID: PMC6820578 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, the study of biological processes in the human body has progressed from tissue culture on glass plates to complex 3D models of tissues, organs, and body systems. These dynamic 3D systems have allowed for more accurate recapitulation of human physiology and pathology, which has yielded a platform for disease study with a greater capacity to understand pathophysiology and to assess pharmaceutical treatments. Specifically, by increasing the accuracy with which the microenvironments of disease processes are modeled, the clinical manifestation of disease has been more accurately reproduced in vitro. The application of these models is crucial in all realms of medicine, but they find particular utility in diseases related to the complex bone marrow niche. Osteoblast, osteoclasts, bone marrow adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and red and white blood cells represent some of cells that call the bone marrow microenvironment home. During states of malignant marrow disease, neoplastic cells migrate to and join this niche. These cancer cells both exploit and alter the niche to their benefit and to the patient's detriment. Malignant disease of the bone marrow, both primary and secondary, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality today. Innovative study methods are necessary to improve patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the evolution of 3D models and compare them to the preceding 2D models. With a specific focus on malignant bone marrow disease, we examine 3D models currently in use, their observed efficacy, and their potential in developing improved treatments and eventual cures. Finally, we comment on the aspects of 3D models that must be critically examined as systems continue to be optimized so that they can exert greater clinical impact in the future. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Ham
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA,University of New EnglandBiddefordMEUSA
| | - Lauren Lever
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA,University of New EnglandBiddefordMEUSA
| | - Maura Fox
- University of New EnglandBiddefordMEUSA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringOronoMEUSA,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical SciencesTufts UniversityBostonMAUSA
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38
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Sebestyen Z, Prinz I, Déchanet-Merville J, Silva-Santos B, Kuball J. Translating gammadelta (γδ) T cells and their receptors into cancer cell therapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 19:169-184. [PMID: 31492944 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinical responses to checkpoint inhibitors used for cancer immunotherapy seemingly require the presence of αβT cells that recognize tumour neoantigens, and are therefore primarily restricted to tumours with high mutational load. Approaches that could address this limitation by engineering αβT cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, are being investigated intensively, but these approaches have other issues, such as a scarcity of appropriate targets for CAR T cells in solid tumours. Consequently, there is renewed interest among translational researchers and commercial partners in the therapeutic use of γδT cells and their receptors. Overall, γδT cells display potent cytotoxicity, which usually does not depend on tumour-associated (neo)antigens, towards a large array of haematological and solid tumours, while preserving normal tissues. However, the precise mechanisms of tumour-specific γδT cells, as well as the mechanisms for self-recognition, remain poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for the clinical implementation of cancer immunotherapies based on γδT cells and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Sebestyen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- ImmunoConcept, CNRS UMR 5164, Equipe Labelisee Ligue Contre le Cancer, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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39
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Kim S, Shah SB, Graney PL, Singh A. Multiscale engineering of immune cells and lymphoid organs. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2019; 4:355-378. [PMID: 31903226 PMCID: PMC6941786 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoengineering applies quantitative and materials-based approaches for the investigation of the immune system and for the development of therapeutic solutions for various diseases, such as infection, cancer, inflammatory diseases and age-related malfunctions. The design of immunomodulatory and cell therapies requires the precise understanding of immune cell formation and activation in primary, secondary and ectopic tertiary immune organs. However, the study of the immune system has long been limited to in vivo approaches, which often do not allow multidimensional control of intracellular and extracellular processes, and to 2D in vitro models, which lack physiological relevance. 3D models built with synthetic and natural materials enable the structural and functional recreation of immune tissues. These models are being explored for the investigation of immune function and dysfunction at the cell, tissue and organ levels. In this Review, we discuss 2D and 3D approaches for the engineering of primary, secondary and tertiary immune structures at multiple scales. We highlight important insights gained using these models and examine multiscale engineering strategies for the design and development of immunotherapies. Finally, dynamic 4D materials are investigated for their potential to provide stimuli-dependent and context-dependent scaffolds for the generation of immune organ models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sungwoong Kim, Shivem B. Shah, Pamela L. Graney
| | - Shivem B. Shah
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sungwoong Kim, Shivem B. Shah, Pamela L. Graney
| | - Pamela L. Graney
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sungwoong Kim, Shivem B. Shah, Pamela L. Graney
| | - Ankur Singh
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Braham MVJ, Li Yim ASP, Garcia Mateos J, Minnema MC, Dhert WJA, Öner FC, Robin C, Alblas J. A Human Hematopoietic Niche Model Supporting Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801444. [PMID: 30941927 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Niches in the bone marrow regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate and behavior through cell-cell interactions and soluble factor secretion. The niche-HSPC crosstalk is a very complex process not completely elucidated yet. To aid further investigation of this crosstalk, a functional in vitro 3D model that closely represents the main supportive compartments of the bone marrow is developed. Different combinations of human stromal cells and hydrogels are tested for their potential to maintain CD34+ HSPCs. Cell viability, clonogenic hematopoietic potential, and surface marker expression are assessed over time. Optimal HSPC support is obtained in presence of adipogenic and osteogenic cells, together with progenitor derived endothelial cells. When cultured in a bioactive hydrogel, the supportive cells self-assemble into a hypoxic stromal network, stimulating CD34+ CD38+ cell formation, while maintaining the pool of CD34+ 38- HSPCs. HSPC clusters colocalize with the stromal networks, in close proximity to sinusoidal clusters of CD31+ endothelial cells. Importantly, the primary in vitro niche model supports HSPCs with no cytokine addition. Overall, the engineered primary 3D bone marrow environment provides an easy and reliable model to further investigate interactions between HSPCs and their endosteal and perivascular niches, in the context of normal hematopoiesis or blood-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike V. J. Braham
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine CenterUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Amélie S. P. Li Yim
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine CenterUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jara Garcia Mateos
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine CenterUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department of HematologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. A. Dhert
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Yalelaan 7 3584 CL Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - F. Cumhur Öner
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Regenerative Medicine CenterUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute‐KNAWUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine CenterUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
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Braham MVJ, Alblas J, Dhert WJA, Öner FC, Minnema MC. Possibilities and limitations of an in vitro three-dimensional bone marrow model for the prediction of clinical responses in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2019; 104:e523-e526. [PMID: 31004023 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.213355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wouter J A Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University
| | - F Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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42
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Calcium phosphate scaffolds with defined interconnecting channel structure provide a mimetic 3D niche for bone marrow metastasized tumor cell growth. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:527-539. [PMID: 30797105 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis of tumor cells in the bone marrow (BM) is a multi-step and highly dynamic process during which cells succumb important phenotypic changes. Behavior of disseminated tumor cells in BM is strictly regulated by three-dimensional (3D) cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In this study, we explored whether the β-tricalcium-phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds with a tailored interconnecting channel structure could enable appropriate 3D mimetic BM microenvironment for the growth of metastatic neuroblastoma cells. The scaffolds provided the mechanical support for human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) allowing them to proliferate, differentiate towards osteoblasts, and produce the deposits of extracellular matrix inside the interconnected channels. The in vitro microenvironment shaped by stromal cells was then tailored by neuroblastoma tumor cells. Immunohistological analyses confirmed the organization of tumor cells into the forms of spheres only when co-cultured with hMSC-derived osteoblasts. The growing rate of tumor cells in 3D conditions was less marked comparing to the one of the cells grown as 2D monolayer as confirmed by decreased Ki-67 expression. Instead, the 3D culturing of neuroblastoma cells inside supportive stroma promoted cell quiescence as sustained by increased p27 level. A balance between cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation was more evident for tumor cells grown inside the 3D scaffolds, thus mirroring better the situation that occurs in vivo where the cells do not follow the exponential growth rate. We conclude that the proposed 3D β-TCP scaffold type provides a mimetic 3D in vitro niche suitable for studying behavior of BM metastasized tumor cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone marrow (BM) niche is a favorite target of metastatic neuroblastoma cells. To better address the molecular mechanisms that sustain spatiotemporal organization of neuroblastoma cells in the marrow we mimicked the three-dimensional (3D) assembly of stromal and tumor cells inside β-tricalcium-phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds. β-TCP scaffolds with a tailored interconnecting channel structure provided mechanical support to mesenchymal stromal cells allowing them to differentiate towards osteoblasts and to produce extracellular matrix. A dynamic cell-matrix interplay favored the characteristic rosette-like growth of metastatic neuroblastoma cells and triggered their quiescence. With our study, we confirmed the potential of β-TCP scaffolds with reproduced BM niche as a cost-effective in vitro model for the growth of disseminated tumor cells, and for related biological and pharmacological surveys.
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Johanna I, Straetemans T, Heijhuurs S, Aarts-Riemens T, Norell H, Bongiovanni L, de Bruin A, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J. Evaluating in vivo efficacy - toxicity profile of TEG001 in humanized mice xenografts against primary human AML disease and healthy hematopoietic cells. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:69. [PMID: 30871629 PMCID: PMC6419469 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ9δ2T cells, which express Vγ9 and Vδ2 chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), mediate cancer immune surveillance by sensing early metabolic changes in malignant leukemic blast and not their healthy hematopoietic stem counterparts via the γ9δ2TCR targeting joined conformational and spatial changes of CD277 at the cell membrane (CD277J). This concept led to the development of next generation CAR-T cells, so-called TEGs: αβT cells Engineered to express a defined γδTCR. The high affinity γ9δ2TCR clone 5 has recently been selected within the TEG format as a clinical candidate (TEG001). However, exploring safety and efficacy against a target, which reflects an early metabolic change in tumor cells, remains challenging given the lack of appropriate tools. Therefore, we tested whether TEG001 is able to eliminate established leukemia in a primary disease model, without harming other parts of the healthy hematopoiesis in vivo. METHODS Separate sets of NSG mice were respectively injected with primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and cord blood-derived human progenitor cells from healthy donors. These mice were then treated with TEG001 and mock cells. Tumor burden and human cells engraftment were measured in peripheral blood and followed up over time by quantifying for absolute cell number by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric 2-tailed Mann-Whitney t-test. RESULTS We successfully engrafted primary AML blasts and healthy hematopoietic cells after 6-8 weeks. Here we report that metabolic cancer targeting through TEG001 eradicated established primary leukemic blasts in vivo, while healthy hematopoietic compartments derived from human cord-blood remained unharmed in spite of TEGs persistence up to 50 days after infusion. No additional signs of off-target toxicity were observed in any other tissues. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of humanized PD-X models, targeting CD277J by TEG001 is safe and efficient. Therefore, we have initiated clinical testing of TEG001 in a phase I first-in-human clinical trial (NTR6541; date of registration 25 July 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Johanna
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heijhuurs
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Aarts-Riemens
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Håkan Norell
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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44
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Chramiec A, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Tissue engineered models of healthy and malignant human bone marrow. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:78-92. [PMID: 31002835 PMCID: PMC6663611 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is becoming increasingly successful in providing in vitro models of human tissues that can be used for ex vivo recapitulation of functional tissues as well as predictive testing of drug efficacy and safety. From simple tissue models to microphysiological platforms comprising multiple tissue types connected by vascular perfusion, these "tissues on a chip" are emerging as a fast track application for tissue engineering, with great potential for modeling diseases and supporting the development of new drugs and therapeutic targets. We focus here on tissue engineering of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment and the malignancies that can develop in the human bone marrow. Our overall goal is to demonstrate the utility and interconnectedness of improvements in bioengineering methods developed in one area of bone marrow studies for the remaining, seemingly disparate, bone marrow fields.
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45
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Polini A, Del Mercato LL, Barra A, Zhang YS, Calabi F, Gigli G. Towards the development of human immune-system-on-a-chip platforms. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:517-525. [PMID: 30312743 PMCID: PMC6440212 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OoCs) platforms could revolutionize drug discovery and might ultimately become essential tools for precision therapy. Although many single-organ and interconnected systems have been described, the immune system has been comparatively neglected, despite its pervasive role in the body and the trend towards newer therapeutic products (i.e., complex biologics, nanoparticles, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and engineered T cells) that often cause, or are based on, immune reactions. In this review, we recapitulate some distinctive features of the immune system before reviewing microfluidic devices that mimic lymphoid organs or other organs and/or tissues with an integrated immune system component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Polini
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Adriano Barra
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; INdAM (GNFM), Sezione di Lecce, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Franco Calabi
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy; CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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46
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Braham MV, Deshantri AK, Minnema MC, Öner FC, Schiffelers RM, Fens MH, Alblas J. Liposomal drug delivery in an in vitro 3D bone marrow model for multiple myeloma. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8105-8118. [PMID: 30555229 PMCID: PMC6278842 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s184262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Liposomal drug delivery can improve the therapeutic index of treatments for multiple myeloma. However, an appropriate 3D model for the in vitro evaluation of liposomal drug delivery is lacking. In this study, we applied a previously developed 3D bone marrow (BM) myeloma model to examine liposomal drug therapy. Material and methods Liposomes of different sizes (~75-200 nm) were tested in a 3D BM myeloma model, based on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and myeloma cells cocultured in hydrogel. The behavior and efficacy of liposomal drug therapy was investigated, evaluating the feasibility of testing liposomal drug delivery in 3D in vitro. Intracellular uptake of untargeted and integrin α4β1 (very late antigen-4) targeted liposomes was compared in myeloma and supporting cells, as well as the effectivity of free and liposome-encapsulated chemotherapy (bortezomib, doxorubicin). Either cocultured myeloma cell lines or primary CD138+ myeloma cells received the treatments. Results Liposomes (~75-110 nm) passively diffused throughout the heterogeneously porous (~80-850 nm) 3D hydrogel model after insertion. Cellular uptake of liposomes was observed and was increased by targeting very late antigen-4. Liposomal bortezomib and doxorubicin showed increased cytotoxic effects toward myeloma cells compared with the free drugs, using either a cell line or primary myeloma cells. Cytotoxicity toward supporting BM cells was reduced using liposomes. Conclusion The 3D model allows the study of liposome-encapsulated molecules on multiple myeloma and supporting BM cells, looking at cellular targeting, and general efficacy of the given therapy. The advantages of liposomal drug delivery were demonstrated in a primary myeloma model, enabling the study of patient-to-patient responses to potential drugs and treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Vj Braham
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,
| | - Anil K Deshantri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Limited, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Ham Fens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,
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47
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Castella B, Melaccio A, Foglietta M, Riganti C, Massaia M. Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells as Strategic Weapons to Improve the Potency of Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Immune Interventions in Human Myeloma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:508. [PMID: 30460198 PMCID: PMC6232124 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint (ICP) blockade has introduced an unprecedented paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer. Though very promising, there is still a substantial proportion of patients who do not respond or develop resistance to ICP blockade. In vitro and in vivo models are eagerly needed to identify mechanisms to maximize the immune potency of ICP blockade and overcome primary and acquired resistance to ICP blockade. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells isolated from the bone marrow (BM) from multiple myeloma (MM) are excellent tools to investigate the mechanisms of resistance to PD-1 blockade and to decipher the network of mutual interactions between PD-1 and the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can easily be interrogated to dissect the progressive immune competence impairment generated in the TME by the long-lasting exposure to myeloma cellss. BM MM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are PD-1+ and anergic to phosphoantigen (pAg) stimulation; notably, single agent PD-1 blockade is insufficient to fully recover their anti-tumor activity in vitro indicating that additional players are involved in the anergy of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In this mini-review we will discuss the value of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells as investigational tools to improve the potency of ICP blockade and immune interventions in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Castella
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Assunta Melaccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche ed Oncologia Umana, Sezione di Medicina Interna ed Oncologia, Università degli studi di Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Myriam Foglietta
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy.,SC Ematologia, AO S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy.,SC Ematologia, AO S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
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48
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Deshantri AK, Varela Moreira A, Ecker V, Mandhane SN, Schiffelers RM, Buchner M, Fens MHAM. Nanomedicines for the treatment of hematological malignancies. J Control Release 2018; 287:194-215. [PMID: 30165140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematological malignancies (HM) are a collection of malignant transformations originating from cells in the primary or secondary lymphoid organs. Leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma comprise the three major types of HM. Current treatment consists of bone marrow transplantation, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Although, many chemotherapeutic drugs are clinically available for the treatment of HM, the use of these agents is limited due to dose-related toxicity and lack of specificity to tumor tissue. Moreover, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of most of the chemotherapeutics requires high dosage and frequent administration to maintain therapeutic levels at the target site, both increasing adverse effects. This underlines an urgent need for a suitable drug delivery system to improve efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties of conventional therapeutics. Nanomedicines have proven to enhance these properties for anticancer therapeutics. The most extensively studied nanomedicine systems are lipid-based nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles. Typically, nanomedicines are small sub-micron sized particles in the size range of 20-200 nm. The biocompatible and biodegradable nature of nanomedicines makes them attractive vehicles to improve drug delivery. Their small size allows them to extravasate and accumulate at malignant sites passively by means of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, resulting from rapid angiogenesis and inflammation. Moreover, the specificity to the target tissue can be further enhanced by surface modification of nanoparticles. This review describes currently available therapies as well as limitations and potential advantages of nanomedicine formulations for treatment of various types of HM. Additionally, recent investigational and approved nanomedicine formulations and their limited applications in HM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Deshantri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Biological Research Pharmacology Department, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Ltd, India
| | - Aida Varela Moreira
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Veronika Ecker
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sanjay N Mandhane
- Biological Research Pharmacology Department, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Ltd, India
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maike Buchner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel H A M Fens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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49
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Straetemans T, Kierkels GJJ, Doorn R, Jansen K, Heijhuurs S, dos Santos JM, van Muyden ADD, Vie H, Clemenceau B, Raymakers R, de Witte M, Sebestyén Z, Kuball J. GMP-Grade Manufacturing of T Cells Engineered to Express a Defined γδTCR. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1062. [PMID: 29899740 PMCID: PMC5988845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
γ9δ2T cells play a critical role in daily cancer immune surveillance by sensing cancer-mediated metabolic changes. However, a major limitation of the therapeutic application of γ9δ2T cells is their diversity and regulation through innate co-receptors. In order to overcome natural obstacles of γ9δ2T cells, we have developed the concept of T cells engineered to express a defined γδT cell receptor (TEGs). This next generation of chimeric antigen receptor engineered T (CAR-T) cells not only allows for targeting of hematological but also of solid tumors and, therefore, overcomes major limitations of many CAR-T and γδT cell strategies. Here, we report on the development of a robust manufacturing procedure of T cells engineered to express the high affinity Vγ9Vδ2T cell receptor (TCR) clone 5 (TEG001). We determined the best concentration of anti-CD3/CD28 activation and expansion beads, optimal virus titer, and cell density for retroviral transduction, and validated a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-grade purification procedure by utilizing the CliniMACS system to deplete non- and poorly-engineered T cells. To the best of our knowledge, we have developed the very first GMP manufacturing procedure in which αβTCR depletion is used as a purification method, thereby delivering untouched clinical grade engineered immune cells. This enrichment method is applicable to any engineered T cell product with a reduced expression of endogenous αβTCRs. We report on release criteria and the stability of TEG001 drug substance and TEG001 drug product. The GMP-grade production procedure is now approved by Dutch authorities and allows TEG001 to be generated in cell numbers sufficient to treat patients within the approved clinical trial NTR6541. NTR6541 will investigate the safety and tolerability of TEG001 in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia, high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Straetemans
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Guido J. J. Kierkels
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ruud Doorn
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Koen Jansen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heijhuurs
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joao M. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Henri Vie
- CRCINA, INSERM 1232, CNRS, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, UTCG, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Clemenceau
- CRCINA, INSERM 1232, CNRS, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, UTCG, Nantes, France
| | - Reinier Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Moniek de Witte
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyén
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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50
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Braham MV, Ahlfeld T, Akkineni AR, Minnema MC, Dhert WJ, Öner FC, Robin C, Lode A, Gelinsky M, Alblas J. Endosteal and Perivascular Subniches in a 3D Bone Marrow Model for Multiple Myeloma. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:300-312. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike V.J. Braham
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Rahul Akkineni
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J.A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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