1
|
Di Mauro F, Arbore G. Spatial Dissection of the Immune Landscape of Solid Tumors to Advance Precision Medicine. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:800-813. [PMID: 38657223 PMCID: PMC11217735 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics, radiation, targeted therapeutics, and immunotherapeutics each demonstrate clinical benefits for a small subset of patients with solid malignancies. Immune cells infiltrating the tumor and the surrounding stroma play a critical role in shaping cancer progression and modulating therapy response. They do this by interacting with the other cellular and molecular components of the tumor microenvironment. Spatial multi-omics technologies are rapidly evolving. Currently, such technologies allow high-throughput RNA and protein profiling and retain geographical information about the tumor microenvironment cellular architecture and the functional phenotype of tumor, immune, and stromal cells. An in-depth spatial characterization of the heterogeneous tumor immune landscape can improve not only the prognosis but also the prediction of therapy response, directing cancer patients to more tailored and efficacious treatments. This review highlights recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics and proteomics profiling technologies and the ways these technologies are being applied for the dissection of the immune cell composition in solid malignancies in order to further both basic research in oncology and the implementation of precision treatments in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Mauro
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Experimental Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Arbore
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Experimental Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stergiopoulos GM, Concilio SC, Galanis E. An Update on the Clinical Status, Challenges, and Future Directions of Oncolytic Virotherapy for Malignant Gliomas. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:952-991. [PMID: 38896326 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Malignant gliomas are common central nervous system tumors that pose a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of effective treatments. Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade 4 malignant glioma, is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. Current clinical trials are exploring various strategies to combat GBM, with oncolytic viruses (OVs) appearing particularly promising. In addition to ongoing and recently completed clinical trials, one OV (Teserpaturev, Delytact®) received provisional approval for GBM treatment in Japan. OVs are designed to selectively target and eliminate cancer cells while promoting changes in the tumor microenvironment that can trigger and support long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. OVs offer the potential to remodel the tumor microenvironment and reverse systemic immune exhaustion. Additionally, an increasing number of OVs are armed with immunomodulatory payloads or combined with immunotherapy approaches in an effort to promote anti-tumor responses in a tumor-targeted manner. Recently completed oncolytic virotherapy trials can guide the way for future treatment individualization through patient preselection, enhancing the likelihood of achieving the highest possible clinical success. These trials also offer valuable insight into the numerous challenges inherent in malignant glioma treatment, some of which OVs can help overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vazaios K, van Berkum RE, Calkoen FG, van der Lugt J, Hulleman E. OV Modulators of the Paediatric Brain TIME: Current Status, Combination Strategies, Limitations and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5007. [PMID: 38732225 PMCID: PMC11084613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are characterised by their preference for infecting and replicating in tumour cells either naturally or after genetic modification, resulting in oncolysis. Furthermore, OVs can elicit both local and systemic anticancer immune responses while specifically infecting and lysing tumour cells. These characteristics render them a promising therapeutic approach for paediatric brain tumours (PBTs). PBTs are frequently marked by a cold tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), which suppresses immunotherapies. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the capability of OVs to induce a proinflammatory immune response, thereby modifying the TIME. In-depth insights into the effect of OVs on different cell types in the TIME may therefore provide a compelling basis for using OVs in combination with other immunotherapy modalities. However, certain limitations persist in our understanding of oncolytic viruses' ability to regulate the TIME to enhance anti-tumour activity. These limitations primarily stem from the translational limitations of model systems, the difficulties associated with tracking reliable markers of efficacy throughout the course of treatment and the role of pre-existing viral immunity. In this review, we describe the different alterations observed in the TIME in PBTs due to OV treatment, combination therapies of OVs with different immunotherapies and the hurdles limiting the development of effective OV therapies while suggesting future directions based on existing evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.V.); (F.G.C.); (J.v.d.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Messiaen J, Jacobs SA, De Smet F. The tumor micro-environment in pediatric glioma: friend or foe? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227126. [PMID: 37901250 PMCID: PMC10611473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality related to cancer in children, where high-grade glioma harbor the worst prognosis. It has become obvious that pediatric glioma differs significantly from their adult counterparts, rendering extrapolations difficult. Curative options for several types of glioma are lacking, albeit ongoing research efforts and clinical trials. As already proven in the past, inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity plays an important role in the resistance to therapy and thus implicates morbidity and mortality for these patients. However, while less studied, the tumor micro-environment (TME) adds another level of heterogeneity. Knowledge gaps exist on how the TME interacts with the tumor cells and how the location of the various cell types in the TME influences tumor growth and the response to treatment. Some studies identified the presence of several (immune) cell types as prognostic factors, but often lack a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms, possibly leading to contradictory findings. Although the TME in pediatric glioma is regarded as "cold", several treatment options are emerging, with the TME being the primary target of treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to study the TME of pediatric glioma, so that the interactions between TME, tumoral cells and therapeutics can be better understood before, during and after treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of the available insights into the composition and role of the TME across different types of pediatric glioma. Moreover, where possible, we provide a framework on how a particular TME may influence responses to conventional- and/or immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Messiaen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra A. Jacobs
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Smet
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu H, Sun J, She K, Lv M, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Han C, Xu X, Yang S, Wang G, Zang G. Sprayed PAA-CaO 2 nanoparticles combined with calcium ions and reactive oxygen species for antibacterial and wound healing. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad071. [PMID: 37719928 PMCID: PMC10503269 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common socioeconomic healthcare issues in clinical are burns, surgical incisions and other skin injuries. Skin lesion healing can be achieved with nanomedicines and other drug application techniques. This study developed a nano-spray based on cross-linked amorphous calcium peroxide (CaO2) nanoparticles of polyacrylic acid (PAA) for treating skin wounds (PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles). CaO2 serves as a 'drug' precursor, steadily and continuously releasing calcium ions (Ca2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under mildly acidic conditions, while PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles exhibited good spray behavior in aqueous form. Tests demonstrated that PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity and allowed L929 cells proliferation and migration in vitro. The effectiveness of PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles in promoting wound healing and inhibiting bacterial growth in vivo was assessed in SD rats using full-thickness skin defect and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)-infected wound models based thereon. The results revealed that PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles demonstrated significant advantages in both aspects. Notably, the infected rats' skin defects healed in 12 days. The benefits are linked to the functional role of Ca2+ coalesces with H2O2 as known antibacterial and healing-promoted agents. Therefore, we developed nanoscale PAA-CaO2 sprays to prevent bacterial development and heal skin lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiale Sun
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kepeng She
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingqi Lv
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yiqiao Zhang
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yawen Xiao
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yangkun Liu
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Changhao Han
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuqing Yang
- Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bernstock JD, Blitz SE, Hoffman SE, Gerstl JVE, Chiocca EA, Friedman GK. Recent oncolytic virotherapy clinical trials outline a roadmap for the treatment of high-grade glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad081. [PMID: 37497017 PMCID: PMC10368374 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult and pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs) are aggressive cancers of the central nervous system that confer dismal clinical prognoses. Standard radiation and chemotherapy have demonstrated only limited efficacy in HGGs, motivating the accelerated investigation of novel modalities such as oncolytic virus (OV) therapies. OV centered therapies work through a mixed mechanism centered on oncolysis and the stimulation of an antitumor immune response. Three recent clinical trials utilizing herpes simplex virus-1 and adenovirus-based oncolytic virotherapy demonstrated not only the safety and efficacy of OVs but also novel dosing strategies that augment OV response potential. Considering these recent trials, herein we present a roadmap for future clinical trials of oncolytic immunovirotherapy in both adult and pediatric HGG, as well as persistent roadblocks related to the assessment of OV efficacy within and between trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Samantha E Hoffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jakob V E Gerstl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kang KD, Bernstock JD, Totsch SK, Gary SE, Rocco A, Nan L, Li R, Etminan T, Han X, Beierle EA, Eisemann T, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Bae S, Whitley R, Yancey Gillespie G, Markert JM, Friedman GK. Safety and Efficacy of Intraventricular Immunovirotherapy with Oncolytic HSV-1 for CNS Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5419-5430. [PMID: 36239623 PMCID: PMC9771977 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncolytic virotherapy with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV) has shown promise for the treatment of pediatric and adult brain tumors; however, completed and ongoing clinical trials have utilized intratumoral/peritumoral oncolytic HSV (oHSV) inoculation due to intraventricular/intrathecal toxicity concerns. Intratumoral delivery requires an invasive neurosurgical procedure, limits repeat injections, and precludes direct targeting of metastatic and leptomeningeal disease. To address these limitations, we determined causes of toxicity from intraventricular oHSV and established methods for mitigating toxicity to treat disseminated brain tumors in mice. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN HSV-sensitive CBA/J mice received intraventricular vehicle, inactivated oHSV, or treatment doses (1×107 plaque-forming units) of oHSV, and toxicity was assessed by weight loss and IHC. Protective strategies to reduce oHSV toxicity, including intraventricular low-dose oHSV or interferon inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) prior to oHSV treatment dose, were evaluated and then utilized to assess intraventricular oHSV treatment of multiple models of disseminated CNS disease. RESULTS A standard treatment dose of intraventricular oHSV damaged ependymal cells via virus replication and induction of CD8+ T cells, whereas vehicle or inactivated virus resulted in no toxicity. Subsequent doses of intraventricular oHSV caused little additional toxicity. Interferon induction with phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α) via intraventricular pretreatment with low-dose oHSV or poly I:C mitigated ependyma toxicity. This approach enabled the safe delivery of multiple treatment doses of clinically relevant oHSV G207 and prolonged survival in disseminated brain tumor models. CONCLUSIONS Toxicity from intraventricular oHSV can be mitigated, resulting in therapeutic benefit. These data support the clinical translation of intraventricular G207.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Don Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard University; Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding authors: Joshua D.
Bernstock MD, PhD, MPH, Department of Neurosurgery
- Harvard Medical School,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Hale
Building
- 60 Fenwood Road
- Boston, MA 02115, USA, P: 914.419.7749
- F:
617.713.3050
- ; Gregory K. Friedman,
MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave
S, Lowder 512, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA, P: 205.638.9285
- F: 205.975.1941
| | - Stacie K. Totsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sam E. Gary
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama
at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Abbey Rocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Li Nan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pathology, Children’s of Alabama;
Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tina Etminan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology,
University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Tanja Eisemann
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; La
Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sejong Bae
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventative Medicine,
University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Richard Whitley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases,
University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at
Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at
Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at
Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA,Corresponding authors: Joshua D.
Bernstock MD, PhD, MPH, Department of Neurosurgery
- Harvard Medical School,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Hale
Building
- 60 Fenwood Road
- Boston, MA 02115, USA, P: 914.419.7749
- F:
617.713.3050
- ; Gregory K. Friedman,
MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave
S, Lowder 512, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA, P: 205.638.9285
- F: 205.975.1941
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bernstock JD, Hoffman SE, Kappel AD, Valdes PA, Essayed WI, Klinger NV, Kang KD, Totsch SK, Olsen HE, Schlappi CW, Filipski K, Gessler FA, Baird L, Filbin MG, Hashizume R, Becher OJ, Friedman GK. Immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of diffuse midline gliomas. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2124058. [PMID: 36185807 PMCID: PMC9519005 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2124058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are a highly aggressive and universally fatal subgroup of pediatric tumors responsible for the majority of childhood brain tumor deaths. Median overall survival is less than 12 months with a 90% mortality rate at 2 years from diagnosis. Research into the underlying tumor biology and numerous clinical trials have done little to change the invariably poor prognosis. Continued development of novel, efficacious therapeutic options for DMGs remains a critically important area of active investigation. Given that DMGs are not amenable to surgical resection, have only limited response to radiation, and are refractory to traditional chemotherapy, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative treatment modality. This review summarizes the various immunotherapy-based treatments for DMG as well as their specific limitations. We explore the use of cell-based therapies, oncolytic virotherapy or immunovirotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, and immunomodulatory vaccination strategies, and highlight the recent clinical success of anti-GD2 CAR-T therapy in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) patients. Finally, we address the challenges faced in translating preclinical and early phase clinical trial data into effective standardized treatment for DMG patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,CONTACT Joshua D. Bernstock Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston Children’s Hospital, Hale Building, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Samantha E. Hoffman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ari D. Kappel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pablo A. Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walid Ibn Essayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil V. Klinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyung-Don Kang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stacie K. Totsch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hannah E. Olsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles W. Schlappi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Filipski
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt, Germany,University Cancer Center (UCT), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian A. Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lissa Baird
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariella G. Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oren J. Becher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, the Mount Sinai Hospital, NY, NY, USA
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,Gregory K. Friedman Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Avenue South, Lowder 512, Birmingham, AL35233, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Targeting oncometabolism to maximize immunotherapy in malignant brain tumors. Oncogene 2022; 41:2663-2671. [PMID: 35430605 PMCID: PMC9081266 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors result in significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Recent data indicates that immunotherapies may offer a survival benefit after standard of care has failed for malignant brain tumors. Modest results from several late phase clinical trials, however, underscore the need for more refined, comprehensive strategies that incorporate new mechanistic and pharmacologic knowledge. Recently, oncometabolism has emerged as an adjunct modality for combinatorial treatment approaches necessitated by the aggressive, refractory nature of high-grade glioma and other progressive malignant brain tumors. Manipulation of metabolic processes in cancer and immune cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment through controlled targeting of oncogenic pathways may be utilized to maximize the efficacy of immunotherapy and improve patient outcomes. Herein, we summarize preclinical and early phase clinical trial research of oncometabolism-based therapeutics that may augment immunotherapy by exploiting the biochemical and genetic underpinnings of brain tumors. We also examine metabolic pathways related to immune cells that target tumor cells, termed ‘tumor immunometabolism’. Specifically, we focus on glycolysis and altered glucose metabolism, including glucose transporters, hexokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase, glutamine, and we discuss targeting arginase, adenosine, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and toll-like receptors. Lastly, we summarize future directions targeting metabolism in combination with emerging therapies such as oncolytic virotherapy, vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rozowsky JS, Meesters-Ensing JI, Lammers JAS, Belle ML, Nierkens S, Kranendonk MEG, Kester LA, Calkoen FG, van der Lugt J. A Toolkit for Profiling the Immune Landscape of Pediatric Central Nervous System Malignancies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864423. [PMID: 35464481 PMCID: PMC9022116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) malignancies remains dismal due to limited treatment options, resulting in high mortality rates and long-term morbidities. Immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibition, cancer vaccines, engineered T cell therapies, and oncolytic viruses, have promising results in some hematological and solid malignancies, and are being investigated in clinical trials for various high-grade CNS malignancies. However, the role of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in CNS malignancies is mostly unknown for pediatric cases. In order to successfully implement immunotherapies and to eventually predict which patients would benefit from such treatments, in-depth characterization of the TIME at diagnosis and throughout treatment is essential. In this review, we provide an overview of techniques for immune profiling of CNS malignancies, and detail how they can be utilized for different tissue types and studies. These techniques include immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry for quantifying and phenotyping the infiltrating immune cells, bulk and single-cell transcriptomics for describing the implicated immunological pathways, as well as functional assays. Finally, we aim to describe the potential benefits of evaluating other compartments of the immune system implicated by cancer therapies, such as cerebrospinal fluid and blood, and how such liquid biopsies are informative when designing immune monitoring studies. Understanding and uniformly evaluating the TIME and immune landscape of pediatric CNS malignancies will be essential to eventually integrate immunotherapy into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Muriël L. Belle
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Friso G. Calkoen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Otani Y, Yoo JY, Shimizu T, Kurozumi K, Date I, Kaur B. Implications of immune cells in oncolytic herpes simplex virotherapy for glioma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2022; 39:57-64. [PMID: 35384530 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-022-00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite current progress in treatment, glioblastoma (GBM) remains a lethal primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Although immunotherapy has recently achieved remarkable survival effectiveness in multiple malignancies, none of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for GBM have shown anti-tumor efficacy in clinical trials. GBM has a characteristic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that results in the failure of ICIs. Oncolytic herpes simplex virotherapy (oHSV) is the most advanced United States Food and Drug Administration-approved virotherapy for advanced metastatic melanoma patients. Recently, another oHSV, Delytact®, was granted conditional approval in Japan against GBM, highlighting it as a promising treatment. Since oncolytic virotherapy can recruit abundant immune cells and modify the immune TME, oncolytic virotherapy for immunologically cold GBM will be an attractive therapeutic option for GBM. However, as these immune cells have roles in both anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity, fine-tuning of the TME using oncolytic virotherapy will be important to maximize the therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of oHSV, with a focus on the role of immune cells as friend or foe in oncolytic virotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Otani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Toshihiko Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Matsuyama Shimin Hospital, 2-6-5 Otemachi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-0067, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kurozumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Hallmarks of Glioblastoma: Heterogeneity, Intercellular Crosstalk and Molecular Signature of Invasiveness and Progression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040806. [PMID: 35453557 PMCID: PMC9031586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2021 the World Health Organization published the fifth and latest version of the Central Nervous System tumors classification, which incorporates and summarizes a long list of updates from the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy work. Among the adult-type diffuse gliomas, glioblastoma represents most primary brain tumors in the neuro-oncology practice of adults. Despite massive efforts in the field of neuro-oncology diagnostics to ensure a proper taxonomy, the identification of glioblastoma-tumor subtypes is not accompanied by personalized therapies, and no improvements in terms of overall survival have been achieved so far, confirming the existence of open and unresolved issues. The aim of this review is to illustrate and elucidate the state of art regarding the foremost biological and molecular mechanisms that guide the beginning and the progression of this cancer, showing the salient features of tumor hallmarks in glioblastoma. Pathophysiology processes are discussed on molecular and cellular levels, highlighting the critical overlaps that are involved into the creation of a complex tumor microenvironment. The description of glioblastoma hallmarks shows how tumoral processes can be linked together, finding their involvement within distinct areas that are engaged for cancer-malignancy establishment and maintenance. The evidence presented provides the promising view that glioblastoma represents interconnected hallmarks that may led to a better understanding of tumor pathophysiology, therefore driving the development of new therapeutic strategies and approaches.
Collapse
|
13
|
Litak J, Grajkowska W, Bogucki J, Kowalczyk P, Petniak A, Podkowiński A, Szumiło J, Kocki J, Roliński J, Rahnama-Hezavah M, Roszkowski M, Grochowski C. PD-L1/miR-155 Interplay in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030324. [PMID: 35326280 PMCID: PMC8946275 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade pediatric glioma (p-HGG—WHO 2021, formerly GBM—WHO 2016), as a common, aggressive, and highly lethal primary brain malignancy in adults, accounts for only 3–15% of primary brain tumors in pediatric patients. After leukemia, brain malignancies are the second most common in the pediatric population and first in incidences concerning solid tumors. This study was designed on the basis of 14 pediatric patients hospitalized at Children’s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Poland, due to p-HGG treatment. All the patients had a histopathological diagnosis performed by an experienced neuropathologist according to WHO guidelines (WHO 2016 Grade IV Glioblastoma). A significant correlation was found between the miR-155 concentration and the level of PD-L1 expression in p-HGG tumor tissue. Very few reports have indicated PD-L1 expression in pediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Alicja Petniak
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.K.)
| | | | - Justyna Szumiło
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.L.); (J.R.)
| | | | - Marcin Roszkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Connexin 43 and Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Interplay in Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation and Migration. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080767. [PMID: 34439999 PMCID: PMC8389699 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the product of accumulated genetic and epigenetic alteration where tumor cells support each other through cellular communication mechanisms and deregulated signalling processes. The autocrine and paracrine pathways between the intracellular and extracellular milieu is mediated by connexin 43, the main gap junction-forming protein driving glioblastoma progression. In this scenario, sonic hedgehog pathway, a key deregulated pathway involved in cell network signalling may affect connexin 43 expression, promoting glioblastoma pathobiology. In this study, we sought to explore how the modulation of the sonic hedgehog affects connexin 43 inducing glioblastoma hallmarks. To do this we evaluated biological effects of sonic hedgehog pathway modulation by purmorphamine and cyclopamine, a smoothened agonist and antagonist, respectively. We revealed that cell migration and proliferation are associated with connexin 43 expression upon sonic hedgehog modulation. Our study suggests that sonic hedgehog and connexin 43 axis may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common primary brain tumor within the adult population. Current therapeutic options are still limited by high rate of recurrences and signalling axes that promote GBM aggressiveness. The contribution of gap junctions (GJs) to tumor growth and progression has been proven by experimental evidence. Concomitantly, tumor microenvironment has received increasing interest as a critical process in dysregulation and homeostatic escape, finding a close link between molecular mechanisms involved in connexin 43 (CX43)-based intercellular communication and tumorigenesis. Moreover, evidence has come to suggest a crucial role of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling pathway in GBM proliferation, cell fate and differentiation. Herein, we used two human GBM cell lines, modulating SHH signalling and CX43-based intercellular communication in in vitro models using proliferation and migration assays. Our evidence suggests that modulation of the SHH effector smoothened (SMO), by using a known agonist (i.e., purmorphamine) and a known antagonist (i.e., cyclopamine), affects the CX43 expression levels and therefore the related functions. Moreover, SMO activation also increased cell proliferation and migration. Importantly, inhibition of CX43 channels was able to prevent SMO-induced effects. SHH pathway and CX43 interplay acts inducing tumorigenic program and supporting cell migration, likely representing druggable targets to develop new therapeutic strategies for GBM.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zadeh Shirazi A, McDonnell MD, Fornaciari E, Bagherian NS, Scheer KG, Samuel MS, Yaghoobi M, Ormsby RJ, Poonnoose S, Tumes DJ, Gomez GA. A deep convolutional neural network for segmentation of whole-slide pathology images identifies novel tumour cell-perivascular niche interactions that are associated with poor survival in glioblastoma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:337-350. [PMID: 33927352 PMCID: PMC8329064 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most aggressive type of brain cancer with high-levels of intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity that contribute to its rapid growth and invasion within the brain. However, a spatial characterisation of gene signatures and the cell types expressing these in different tumour locations is still lacking. METHODS We have used a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) as a semantic segmentation model to segment seven different tumour regions including leading edge (LE), infiltrating tumour (IT), cellular tumour (CT), cellular tumour microvascular proliferation (CTmvp), cellular tumour pseudopalisading region around necrosis (CTpan), cellular tumour perinecrotic zones (CTpnz) and cellular tumour necrosis (CTne) in digitised glioblastoma histopathological slides from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Correlation analysis between segmentation results from tumour images together with matched RNA expression data was performed to identify genetic signatures that are specific to different tumour regions. RESULTS We found that spatially resolved gene signatures were strongly correlated with survival in patients with defined genetic mutations. Further in silico cell ontology analysis along with single-cell RNA sequencing data from resected glioblastoma tissue samples showed that these tumour regions had different gene signatures, whose expression was driven by different cell types in the regional tumour microenvironment. Our results further pointed to a key role for interactions between microglia/pericytes/monocytes and tumour cells that occur in the IT and CTmvp regions, which may contribute to poor patient survival. CONCLUSIONS This work identified key histopathological features that correlate with patient survival and detected spatially associated genetic signatures that contribute to tumour-stroma interactions and which should be investigated as new targets in glioblastoma. The source codes and datasets used are available in GitHub: https://github.com/amin20/GBM_WSSM .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zadeh Shirazi
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Computational Learning Systems Laboratory, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Mark D McDonnell
- Computational Learning Systems Laboratory, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Eric Fornaciari
- Department of Mathematics of Computation, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA, USA
| | | | - Kaitlin G Scheer
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mahdi Yaghoobi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rebecca J Ormsby
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Santosh Poonnoose
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Damon J Tumes
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kasten BB, Houson HA, Coleman JM, Leavenworth JW, Markert JM, Wu AM, Salazar F, Tavaré R, Massicano AVF, Gillespie GY, Lapi SE, Warram JM, Sorace AG. Positron emission tomography imaging with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody reveals CD8 + cell infiltration during oncolytic virus therapy in a glioma murine model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15384. [PMID: 34321569 PMCID: PMC8319402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of treatment response to immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a process which can take months. Detection of CD8+ T cell recruitment to the tumor with a noninvasive imaging modality such as positron emission tomography (PET) may allow for tumor characterization and early evaluation of therapeutic response to immunotherapy. In this study, we utilized 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody-PET to provide proof-of-concept to detect CD8+ T cell immune response to oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) M002 immunotherapy in a syngeneic GBM model. Immunocompetent mice (n = 16) were implanted intracranially with GSC005 GBM tumors, and treated with intratumoral injection of oHSV M002 or saline control. An additional non-tumor bearing cohort (n = 4) receiving oHSV M002 treatment was also evaluated. Mice were injected with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody seven days post oHSV administration and imaged with a preclinical PET scanner. Standardized uptake value (SUV) was quantified. Ex vivo tissue analyses included autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. PET imaging showed significantly higher SUV in tumors which had been treated with M002 compared to those without M002 treatment (p = 0.0207) and the non-tumor bearing M002 treated group (p = 0.0021). Accumulation in target areas, especially the spleen, was significantly reduced by blocking with the non-labeled diabody (p < 0.001). Radioactive probe accumulation in brains was consistent with CD8+ cell trafficking patterns after oHSV treatment. This PET imaging strategy could aid in distinguishing responders from non-responders during immunotherapy of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Kasten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jennifer M Coleman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Felix Salazar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason M Warram
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall G082, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brockman AA, Mobley BC, Ihrie RA. Histological Studies of the Ventricular-Subventricular Zone as Neural Stem Cell and Glioma Stem Cell Niche. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:819-834. [PMID: 34310246 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211032003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural stem cell niche of the ventricular-subventricular zone supports the persistence of stem and progenitor cells in the mature brain. This niche has many notable cytoarchitectural features that affect the activity of stem cells and may also support the survival and growth of invading tumor cells. Histochemical studies of the niche have revealed many proteins that, in combination, can help to reveal stem-like cells in the normal or cancer context, although many caveats persist in the quest to consistently identify these cells in the human brain. Here, we explore the complex relationship between the persistent proliferative capacity of the neural stem cell niche and the malignant proliferation of brain tumors, with a special focus on histochemical identification of stem cells and stem-like tumor cells and an eye toward the potential application of high-dimensional imaging approaches to the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asa A Brockman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca A Ihrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Estevez-Ordonez D, Chagoya G, Salehani A, Atchley TJ, Laskay NMB, Parr MS, Elsayed GA, Mahavadi AK, Rahm SP, Friedman GK, Markert JM. Immunovirotherapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma and Other Malignant Gliomas. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2021; 32:265-281. [PMID: 33781507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most challenging malignancies due to many factors including invasiveness, heterogeneity, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Current treatment modalities have resulted in only modest effect on outcomes. The development of viral vectors for oncolytic immunovirotherapy and targeted drug delivery represents a promising therapeutic prospect for GBM and other brain tumors. A host of genetically engineered viruses, herpes simplex virus, poliovirus, measles, and others, have been described and are at various stages of clinical development. Herein we provide a review of the advances and current state of oncolytic virotherapy for the targeted treatment of GBM and malignant gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagoberto Estevez-Ordonez
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gustavo Chagoya
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arsalaan Salehani
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Travis J Atchley
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicholas M B Laskay
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthew S Parr
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Galal A Elsayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anil K Mahavadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sage P Rahm
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery, Pediatrics, and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Kong Z, Chen W, Li J, Chen W, Tong Y, Ma W, Wang Y. Effects of oncolytic viruses and viral vectors on immunity in glioblastoma. Gene Ther 2020; 29:115-126. [PMID: 33191399 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-00207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as an incurable disease due to its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Virotherapies were once utilized on cancers for their oncolytic effects. And they are being revived on GBM treatment, as accumulating evidence presents the immunogenic effects of virotherapies in remodeling immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment. In this review, we focus on the immune responses induced by oncolytic virotherapies and viral vectors in GBM. The current developments of GBM virotherapies are briefly summarized, followed by a detailed depiction of their immune response. Limitations and lessons inferred from earlier experiments and trials are discussed. Moreover, we highlight the importance of engaging the immune responses induced by virotherapies into the multidisciplinary management of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Liu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ziren Kong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiatong Li
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuanren Tong
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bernstock JD, Bag AK, Fiveash J, Kachurak K, Elsayed G, Chagoya G, Gessler F, Valdes PA, Madan-Swain A, Whitley R, Markert JM, Gillespie GY, Johnston JM, Friedman GK. Design and Rationale for First-in-Human Phase 1 Immunovirotherapy Clinical Trial of Oncolytic HSV G207 to Treat Malignant Pediatric Cerebellar Brain Tumors. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:1132-1139. [PMID: 32657154 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors represent the most common pediatric solid neoplasms and leading cause of childhood cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Although most adult brain tumors are supratentorial and arise in the cerebrum, the majority of pediatric brain tumors are infratentorial and arise in the posterior fossa, specifically the cerebellum. Outcomes from malignant cerebellar tumors are unacceptable despite aggressive treatments (surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy) that are harmful to the developing brain. Novel treatments/approaches such as oncolytic virotherapy are urgently needed. Preclinical and prior clinical studies suggest that genetically engineered oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) G207 can safely target cerebellar malignancies and has potential to induce an antitumor immune response at local and distant sites of disease, including spinal metastases and leptomeningeal disease. Herein, we outline the rationale, design, and significance of a first-in-human immunotherapy Phase 1 clinical trial targeting recurrent cerebellar malignancies with HSV G207 combined with a single low-dose of radiation (5 Gy), designed to enhance virus replication and innate and adaptive immune responses. We discuss the unique challenges of inoculating virus through intratumoral catheters into cerebellar tumors. The trial utilizes a single arm open-label traditional 3 + 3 design with four dose cohorts. The primary objective is to assess safety and tolerability of G207 with radiation in recurrent/progressive malignant pediatric cerebellar tumors. After biopsy to prove recurrence/progression, one to four intratumoral catheters will be placed followed by a controlled-rate infusion of G207 for 6 h followed by the removal of catheters at the bedside. Radiation will be given within 24 h of virus inoculation. Patients will be monitored closely for toxicity and virus shedding. Efficacy will be assessed by measuring radiographic response, performance score, progression-free and overall survival, and quality of life. The data obtained will be invaluable in our efforts to produce more effective and less toxic therapies for children with high-grade brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asim K Bag
- Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - John Fiveash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kara Kachurak
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Galal Elsayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gustavo Chagoya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Florian Gessler
- Department for Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pablo A Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Avi Madan-Swain
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard Whitley
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James M Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|