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Liddelow C, Mullan B, Boyes M, Ling M. Can temporal self-regulation theory and its constructs predict medication adherence? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2023; 17:578-613. [PMID: 36154853 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2127831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between temporal self-regulation theory (TST) constructs (intention, behavioural prepotency and self-regulatory capacity) and medication adherence should be established before further applying the theory to adherence. Searches of PsychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science were conducted in 2019 (updated November 2021). Studies had to be original quantitative research, assessed the relationship between one of the constructs and adherence in one illness, and used an adult population. The risk of bias was assessed using the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Three meta-analyses were conducted using R. Moderation analyses were also conducted. A total of 57 articles (60 studies) with 13,995 participants were included, with 7 studies included in more than one analysis. Results identified significant correlations between intention (r = .369, [95% CI: .25, .48]), behavioural prepotency (r = .332, [95% CI: .18, .48]), self-regulatory capacity (r = .213, [95% CI: .10, .32]) and adherence. There was some evidence of publication bias and no significant moderators. No studies explored the interactions in the theory, so whilst the constructs adequately predict adherence, future research should apply the theory to adherence in a specific illness to assess these relationships. Pre-registered on Prospero: CRD42019141395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Liddelow
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Global Alliance for Mental Health and Sport, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Barbara Mullan
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark Boyes
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Gardner B, Arden MA, Brown D, Eves FF, Green J, Hamilton K, Hankonen N, Inauen J, Keller J, Kwasnicka D, Labudek S, Marien H, Masaryk R, McCleary N, Mullan BA, Neter E, Orbell S, Potthoff S, Lally P. Developing habit-based health behaviour change interventions: twenty-one questions to guide future research. Psychol Health 2023; 38:518-540. [PMID: 34779335 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2003362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Habitual behaviours are triggered automatically, with little conscious forethought. Theory suggests that making healthy behaviours habitual, and breaking the habits that underpin many ingrained unhealthy behaviours, promotes long-term behaviour change. This has prompted interest in incorporating habit formation and disruption strategies into behaviour change interventions. Yet, notable research gaps limit understanding of how to harness habit to change real-world behaviours. METHODS Discussions among health psychology researchers and practitioners, at the 2019 European Health Psychology Society 'Synergy Expert Meeting', generated pertinent questions to guide further research into habit and health behaviour. RESULTS In line with the four topics discussed at the meeting, 21 questions were identified, concerning: how habit manifests in health behaviour (3 questions); how to form healthy habits (5 questions); how to break unhealthy habits (4 questions); and how to develop and evaluate habit-based behaviour change interventions (9 questions). CONCLUSIONS While our questions transcend research contexts, accumulating knowledge across studies of specific health behaviours, settings, and populations will build a broader understanding of habit change principles and how they may be embedded into interventions. We encourage researchers and practitioners to prioritise these questions, to further theory and evidence around how to create long-lasting health behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Madelynne A Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology, Sociology & Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Brown
- Department of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Frank F Eves
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Green
- School of Allied Health and Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster (Health Research Institute), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Griffith University and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Mt Gravatt, Qld, Australia
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Inauen
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Keller
- Division Health Psychology, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominika Kwasnicka
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland.,NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Labudek
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Marien
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Radomír Masaryk
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nicola McCleary
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Barbara A Mullan
- Behavioural Science and Health Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Efrat Neter
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emeq Hefer, Israel
| | - Sheina Orbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Sebastian Potthoff
- Department of Social Work, Education, and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Phillippa Lally
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Dawson S, Girling CJ, Cowap L, Clark-Carter D. Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 3:CD013766. [PMID: 36989170 PMCID: PMC10054300 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013766.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to treatment, including inhaled therapies, is low in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with CF have been developed, no previous published systematic review has evaluated the evidence for efficacy of these interventions. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of the review was to assess the efficacy of psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). The secondary objective was to establish the most effective components, or behaviour change techniques (BCTs), used in these interventions. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, which is compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched databases (PubMed; PsycINFO; EBSCO; Scopus; OpenGrey), trials registries (World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform; US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register ClinicalTrials.gov), and the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews, with no restrictions on language, year or publication status. Date of search: 7 August 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different types of psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with CF of any age, or comparing psychological interventions with usual care. We included quasi-RCTs if we could reasonably assume that the baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial eligibility and completed data extraction, risk of bias assessments, and BCT coding (using the BCT Taxonomy v1) for all included trials. We resolved any discrepancies by discussion, or by consultation with a third review author as necessary. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included 10 trials (1642 participants) in the review (children and adolescents in four trials; adults in five trials; and children and adults in one trial). Nine trials compared a psychological intervention with usual care; we could combine data from some of these in a number of quantitative analyses. One trial compared a psychological intervention with an active comparator (education plus problem-solving (EPS)). We identified five ongoing trials. Psychological interventions were generally multi-component and complex, containing an average of 9.6 BCTs (range 1 to 28). The two most commonly used BCTs included 'problem-solving' and 'instruction on how to perform the behaviour'. Interventions varied in their type, content and mode of delivery. They included a problem-solving intervention; a paper-based self-management workbook; a telehealth intervention; a group training programme; a digital intervention comprising medication reminders and lung function self-monitoring; a life-coaching intervention; a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention; a brief MI intervention (behaviour change counselling); and a digital intervention combined with behaviour change sessions. Intervention duration ranged from 10 weeks to 12 months. Assessment time points ranged from six to eight weeks up to 23 months. Psychological interventions compared with usual care We report data here for the 'over six months and up to 12 months' time point. We found that psychological interventions probably improve adherence to inhaled therapies (primary outcome) in people with CF compared with usual care (mean difference (MD) 9.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.60 to 10.40; 1 study, 588 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There was no evidence of a difference between groups in our second primary outcome, treatment-related adverse events: anxiety (MD 0.30, 95% CI -0.40 to 1.00; 1 study, 535 participants), or depression (MD -0.10, 95% CI -0.80 to 0.60; 1 study, 534 participants), although this was low-certainty evidence. For our secondary outcomes, there was no evidence of a difference between groups in terms of lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % predicted MD 1.40, 95% CI -0.20 to 3.00; 1 study, 556 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); number of pulmonary exacerbations (adjusted rate ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.11; 1 study, 607 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); or respiratory symptoms (MD 0.70, 95% CI -2.40 to 3.80; 1 study, 534 participants; low-certainty evidence). However, psychological interventions may improve treatment burden (MD 3.90, 95% CI 1.20 to 6.60; 1 study, 539 participants; low-certainty evidence). The overall certainty of the evidence ranged from low to moderate across these outcomes. Reasons for downgrading included indirectness (current evidence included adults only whereas our review question was broader and focused on people of any age) and lack of blinding of outcome assessors. Psychological interventions compared with an active comparator For this comparison the overall certainty of evidence was very low, based on one trial (n = 128) comparing an MI intervention to EPS for 12 months. We are uncertain whether an MI intervention, compared with EPS, improves adherence to inhaled therapies, lung function, or quality of life in people with CF, or whether there is an effect on pulmonary exacerbations. The included trial for this comparison did not report on treatment-related adverse events (anxiety and depression). We downgraded all reported outcomes due to small participant numbers, indirectness (trials included only adults), and unclear risk of bias (e.g. selection and attrition bias). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Due to the limited quantity of trials included in this review, as well as the clinical and methodological heterogeneity, it was not possible to identify an overall intervention effect using meta-analysis. Some moderate-certainty evidence suggests that psychological interventions (compared with usual care) probably improve adherence to inhaled therapies in people with CF, without increasing treatment-related adverse events, anxiety and depression (low-certainty evidence). In future review updates (with ongoing trial results included), we hope to be able to establish the most effective BCTs (or 'active ingredients') of interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with CF. Wherever possible, investigators should make use of the most objective measures of adherence available (e.g. data-logging nebulisers) to accurately determine intervention effects. Outcome reporting needs to be improved to enable combining or separation of measures as appropriate. Likewise, trial reporting needs to include details of intervention content (e.g. BCTs used); duration; intensity; and fidelity. Large trials with a longer follow-up period (e.g. 12 months) are needed in children with CF. Additionally, more research is needed to determine how to support adherence in 'under-served' CF populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dawson
- Wolfson Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Carla-Jane Girling
- Sheffield Clinical Trials Research Unit, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Innovation Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lisa Cowap
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - David Clark-Carter
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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Sandler RD, Wildman MJ. The CFHealthHub Learning Health System: Using Real-Time Adherence Data to Support a Community of Practice to Deliver Continuous Improvement in an Archetypal Long-Term Condition. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010020. [PMID: 36611480 PMCID: PMC9818500 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CFHealthHub is a learning health system active in over 50% of adult CF Centres in England, supporting people with CF to develop habits of self-care around adherence to preventative inhaled therapy. This is achieved through the delivery of a behaviour change intervention, alongside collection of objective adherence data. As is common to long-term conditions, adherence to prescribed therapy is low, despite clear evidence of beneficial long-term impact on outcomes. This article explains how CFHealthHub is underpinned by coherent conceptual frameworks. We discuss how application of implementation and quality improvement strategies has facilitated CFHealthHub's progression from a pilot study to a large, randomised control trial and now to a learning health system, becoming embedded within routine care. CFHealthHub is now able to support real-time health technology assessments, quality improvement and research trials and is in the process of being implemented in routine clinical care across participating centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Sandler
- Sheffield Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin J. Wildman
- Sheffield Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK
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5
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Girling C, Packham A, Robinson L, Arden MA, Hind D, Wildman MJ. Implementing the use of objective medication adherence data in routine clinical practice via the digital CFHealthHub platform: situation analysis and strategy development using the theoretical domains framework. Implement Sci Commun 2022; 3:12. [PMID: 35135620 PMCID: PMC8822811 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-022-00263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventative inhaled treatments preserve lung function and reduce exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (CF). Self-reported adherence to these treatments is over-estimated. An online platform (CFHealthHub) has been developed with patients and clinicians to display real-time objective adherence data from dose-counting nebulisers, so that clinical teams can offer informed treatment support. Methods In this paper, we identify pre-implementation barriers to healthcare practitioners performing two key behaviours: accessing objective adherence data through the website CFHealthHub and discussing medication adherence with patients. We aimed to understand barriers during the pre-implementation phase, so that appropriate strategy could be developed for the scale up of implementing objective adherence data in 19 CF centres. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare practitioners working in three UK CF centres. Qualitative data were coded using the theoretical domains framework (TDF), which describes 14 validated domains to implementation behaviour change. Results Analysis indicated that an implementation strategy should address all 14 domains of the TDF to successfully support implementation. Participants did not report routines or habits for using objective adherence data in clinical care. Examples of salient barriers included skills, beliefs in consequences, and social influence and professional roles. The results also affirmed a requirement to address organisational barriers. Relevant behaviour change techniques were selected to develop implementation strategy modules using the behaviour change wheel approach to intervention development. Conclusions This paper demonstrates the value of applying the TDF at pre-implementation, to understand context and to support the development of a situationally relevant implementation strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43058-022-00263-9.
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6
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Rowbotham NJ, Daniels TE. Airway clearance and exercise for people with cystic fibrosis: Balancing longevity with life. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57 Suppl 1:S50-S59. [PMID: 34672434 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Airway clearance has been an integral part of cystic fibrosis (CF) care for almost as long as CF has been identified as a condition. From diagnosis as a neonate through to end-of-life care, airway clearance is an everyday aspect of life, adding a considerable treatment burden to the lives of people with CF. There are many different techniques used for airway clearance which have evolved over time with an aim to improve effectiveness, support adherence and, more recently, to consider the impact of burden. A popular thought is whether airway clearance could be replaced by exercise. With new precision therapies in the form of CFTR modulators available, the CF landscape is rapidly changing, raising the question of whether certain treatments are needed at all. Depending on factors such as CFTR mutation, age, and pre-existing lung damage before starting a CFTR modulator, individuals with CF may need different levels of intensity and type of maintenance treatment. Precision medicine is likely to lead to the need for increased precision and individualized management around other maintenance therapies such as airway clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Rowbotham
- Evidence Based Child Health Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tracey E Daniels
- York Hull Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK.,School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, UK
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7
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Dawson S, Cowap L, Clark-Carter D, Girling CJ. Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis. Hippokratia 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dawson
- Wolfson Cystic Fibrosis Centre; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Nottingham UK
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research, School of Life Sciences & Education; Staffordshire University; Stoke-on-Trent UK
| | - Lisa Cowap
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research, School of Life Sciences & Education; Staffordshire University; Stoke-on-Trent UK
| | - David Clark-Carter
- Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research, School of Life Sciences & Education; Staffordshire University; Stoke-on-Trent UK
| | - Carla-Jane Girling
- Sheffield Clinical Trials Research Unit, ScHARR; University of Sheffield, Innovation Centre; Sheffield UK
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8
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Hind D, Drabble SJ, Arden MA, Mandefield L, Waterhouse S, Maguire C, Cantrill H, Robinson L, Beever D, Scott A, Keating S, Hutchings M, Bradley J, Nightingale J, Allenby MI, Dewar J, Whelan P, Ainsworth J, Walters SJ, Wildman MJ, O'Cathain A. Feasibility study for supporting medication adherence for adults with cystic fibrosis: mixed-methods process evaluation. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039089. [PMID: 33109661 PMCID: PMC7592300 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To undertake a process evaluation of an adherence support intervention for people with cystic fibrosis (PWCF), to assess its feasibility and acceptability. SETTING Two UK cystic fibrosis (CF) units. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen adult PWCF; three professionals delivering adherence support ('interventionists'); five multi-disciplinary CF team members. INTERVENTIONS Nebuliser with data recording and transfer capability, linked to a software platform, and strategies to support adherence to nebulised treatments facilitated by interventionists over 5 months (± 1 month). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEASURES Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, assessed through semistructured interviews, questionnaires, fidelity assessments and click analytics. RESULTS Interventionists were complimentary about the intervention and training. Key barriers to intervention feasibility and acceptability were identified. Interventionists had difficulty finding clinic space and time in normal working hours to conduct review visits. As a result, fewer than expected intervention visits were conducted and interviews indicated this may explain low adherence in some intervention arm participants. Adherence levels appeared to be >100% for some patients, due to inaccurate prescription data, particularly in patients with complex treatment regimens. Flatlines in adherence data at the start of the study were linked to device connectivity problems. Content and delivery quality fidelity were 100% and 60%-92%, respectively, indicating that interventionists needed to focus more on intervention 'active ingredients' during sessions. CONCLUSIONS The process evaluation led to 14 key changes to intervention procedures to overcome barriers to intervention success. With the identified changes, it is feasible and acceptable to support medication adherence with this intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN13076797; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hind
- Clincal Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah J Drabble
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Madelynne A Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Simon Waterhouse
- Clincal Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chin Maguire
- Clincal Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah Cantrill
- Clincal Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Louisa Robinson
- Clincal Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Beever
- Clincal Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alex Scott
- Clincal Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sam Keating
- Clincal Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marlene Hutchings
- Sheffield Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Judy Bradley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute For Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Julia Nightingale
- Wessex Adult Cystic Fibrosis Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark I Allenby
- Wessex Adult Cystic Fibrosis Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane Dewar
- Wolfson Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pauline Whelan
- Health eResearch Centre - Division of Imaging, Informatics and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John Ainsworth
- Health eResearch Centre - Division of Imaging, Informatics and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen J Walters
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin J Wildman
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alicia O'Cathain
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Drabble SJ, O'Cathain A, Scott AJ, Arden MA, Keating S, Hutchings M, Maguire C, Wildman M. Mechanisms of Action of a Web-Based Intervention With Health Professional Support to Increase Adherence to Nebulizer Treatments in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: Qualitative Interview Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16782. [PMID: 32697197 PMCID: PMC7576463 DOI: 10.2196/16782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adherence to nebulizer treatments in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) is often low. A new complex intervention to help adults with CF increase their adherence to nebulizer treatments was tested in a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) in 2 UK CF centers. Patients used a nebulizer with electronic monitoring capabilities that transferred data automatically to a digital platform (CFHealthHub) to monitor adherence over time and to a tailored website to display graphs of adherence data and educational and problem-solving information about adherence. A trained interventionist helped patients identify ways to increase their adherence. Objective This study aims to explore the mechanisms of action underpinning the intervention. Methods A qualitative interview study was conducted concurrently with a pilot RCT. In total, 25 semistructured interviews were conducted with 3 interventionists at 2 time points, 14 patients in the intervention arm of the trial, and 5 members of the multidisciplinary teams offering wider care to patients. A framework approach was used for the analysis. Results The intervention was informed by a theoretical framework of behavior change. There was evidence of the expected behavior change mechanisms of action. There was also evidence of additional mechanisms of action associated with effective telehealth interventions for self-management support: relationships, visibility, and fit. Patients described how building a relationship with the interventionist through face-to-face visits with someone who cared about them and their progress helped them to consider ways of increasing adherence to medication. Rather than seeing the visibility of adherence data to clinicians as problematic, patients found this motivating, particularly if they received praise about progress made. The intervention was tailored to individuals, but there were challenges in how the intervention fitted into some patients’ busy lives when delivered through a desktop computer. Conclusions The mechanisms of action associated with effective telehealth interventions for self-management operated within this new intervention. The intervention was modified to strengthen mechanisms of action based on these findings, for example, delivery through an app accessed via mobile phones and then tested in an RCT in 19 UK CF centers. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number 13076797; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13076797
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Drabble
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia O'Cathain
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J Scott
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Madelynne A Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Keating
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marlene Hutchings
- Sheffield Adult CF Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Chin Maguire
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wildman
- Sheffield Adult CF Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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10
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Martin R, Arden M, Porritt J, Wildman M, Naughton F. Investigating the Temporal Relationships between Symptoms and Nebuliser Adherence in People with Cystic Fibrosis: A Series of N-of-1 Observations. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8010022. [PMID: 31972991 PMCID: PMC7151352 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment adherence in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) is poor. One of the reasons identified for lack of adherence to nebulised treatments is that patients may not experience any immediate relief in their symptoms or notice changes as a result of taking their treatment, thus many report that they do not perceive there to be consequences of non adherence. The aim of the study was to investigate the temporal relationships between symptoms and adherence to nebulised treatments in adults with CF using an N-of-1 observational design. Six participants were recruited for a six-week period during which time they completed a daily online respiratory symptom questionnaire. Adherence to treatment was measured throughout the duration of the study using an eTrack® nebuliser that logged date and time of treatments taken. Data generated from each participant was analysed separately. There were significant relationships between pain and adherence for three participants, tiredness and adherence for one participant and cough and adherence for one participant. For all of these findings, the symptom and adherence were experienced on the same day. Extending the monitoring period beyond six weeks may provide increased insight into the complex relationship between symptoms and adherence in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Martin
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BQ, UK; (M.A.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Madelynne Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BQ, UK; (M.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Jenny Porritt
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BQ, UK; (M.A.); (J.P.)
| | | | - Felix Naughton
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
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11
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Drabble SJ, O’Cathain A, Arden MA, Hutchings M, Beever D, Wildman M. When Is Forgetting Not Forgetting? A Discursive Analysis of Differences in Forgetting Talk Between Adults With Cystic Fibrosis With Different Levels of Adherence to Nebulizer Treatments. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:2119-2131. [PMID: 31303116 PMCID: PMC7322938 DOI: 10.1177/1049732319856580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Forgetting is often cited as a reason why people struggle to adhere to treatments for chronic conditions. Interventions have tried to improve forgetting behavior using reminders. We used a discursive psychological approach to explore differences in how high and low adherers constructed forgetting their nebulizer treatments for cystic fibrosis. Interviews were conducted with 18 adults from a cystic fibrosis center in the United Kingdom. High adherers constructed forgetting treatments as occasional lapses in automaticity and temporary lapses in memory that they found easy to repair. Low adherers utilized forgetting to normalize more consistent nonadherence to treatments. However, it is important to contextualize forgetting as a discursive resource that helped these participants to negotiate moral discourses around adherence to treatment that reminder interventions cannot address; we therefore recommend a more behavioral, patient-focused, theory-driven approach to intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Beever
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield,
United Kingdom
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12
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Gardner B, Rebar AL, Lally P. A matter of habit: Recognizing the multiple roles of habit in health behaviour. Br J Health Psychol 2019; 24:241-249. [PMID: 30945793 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phillippa Lally
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
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13
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Hoo ZH, Gardner B, Arden MA, Waterhouse S, Walters SJ, Campbell MJ, Hind D, Maguire C, Dewar J, Wildman MJ. Role of habit in treatment adherence among adults with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2018; 74:197-199. [PMID: 29886416 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Among adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), medication adherence is low and reasons for low adherence are poorly understood. Our previous exploratory study showed that stronger 'habit' (ie, automatically experiencing an urge to use a nebuliser) was associated with higher nebuliser adherence. We performed a secondary analysis of pilot trial data (n=61) to replicate the earlier study and determine whether habit-adherence association exists in other cohorts of adults with CF. In this study, high adherers also reported stronger habit compared with low adherers. Habit may be a promising target for self-management interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACtiF pilot, ISRCTN13076797.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hui Hoo
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Adult CF Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Madelynne A Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science & Applied Psychology (CeBSAP), Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon Waterhouse
- Sheffield Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen J Walters
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael J Campbell
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Hind
- Sheffield Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chin Maguire
- Sheffield Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jane Dewar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wolfson Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin J Wildman
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Adult CF Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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