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Nakayama T, Todaka R, Sawada A, Ito T, Fujino M, Haga K, Katayama K. Different immunological responses following immunization with two mRNA vaccines. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:439-449. [PMID: 38000497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunological responses were investigated following immunization with two mRNA vaccines: BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. METHODS Neutralizing antibody (NAb) was assayed before, 2-4 weeks after, and 3 and 6 months after the primary immunization, and the same time-points after booster dose with 6- or 8-months interval. Whole-blood culture was stimulated with spike antigen, and cytokine production was assayed. RESULTS NAb was detected after primary immunization, NAb titers began to decrease three months after primary immunization with BNT162b2, lower than those after mRNA-1273, and elevated after booster immunization. The NAb level was 1/2 lower against δ variant, and 1/16 lower against omicron variant in comparison with that against α variant. Cytokine production following immunization with mRNA-1273 was maintained within three months at higher levels of Th1 (TNF-α), Th2 (IL-4 and IL-5), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-17) than that following immunization with BNT162b2, reflecting prominent levels of NAb following immunization with mRNA-1273. Cytokine production decreased six months after primary immunization in both vaccine recipients and was enhanced following booster doses. During the omicron outbreak, medical staff members in the outpatient office experienced asymptomatic infection, with a greater than 4-fold increase in NAb titers against omicron variant even after booster immunization. Asymptomatic infection enhanced the production of Th2 and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION mRNA-1273 induced stronger NAb responses with wide-range cross-reactive antibodies against δ and omicron variants. mRNA-1273 induced higher levels of Th1, Th2, and inflammatory cytokines than BNT162b2 did, reflecting higher levels of NAb against variant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nakayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Ömura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Reiko Todaka
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Ömura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Akihito Sawada
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Ömura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ito
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Ömura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan.
| | - Motoko Fujino
- Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Central Hospital Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan.
| | - Kei Haga
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Ömura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Ömura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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Zhao D, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang J, Lv R, Tan L, Chen Y, Tao R, Li X, Chen Y, He W, He J. Improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1111886. [PMID: 36960292 PMCID: PMC10027775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current influenza vaccines are unable to provide effective protection in many cases, like influenza viruses strain antigenic drift or shift, and the influenza continues to cause significant annual morbidity and mortality. Improving the immune response to influenza vaccination is an unmet need. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active ingredients are commonly known to have immunomodulatory properties. We therefore compared influenza vaccination alone or formulated with Astragali Radix (Huangqi in Chinese), and several representative ingredients of TCM, including lentinan (polysaccharide), panax notoginseng saponins (saponin), breviscapine (flavone), andrographolide (terpenoid), and a Chinese herbal compound (kangai) for their potential to enhance immune responses to influenza vaccine in mice. We found that all these TCM-adjuvants were able to increase hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation, splenic T cell differentiation, bone marrow dendritic cell maturity, and both Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion of influenza vaccine to varying degrees, and that had the characteristics of no excessive inflammatory responses and bidirectional regulation simultaneously. Taken together, our findings show that Astragali Radix exerts a more comprehensive effect on vaccine immunity, on both innate and adaptive immunity. The effects of lentinan and andrographolide on adaptive immunity were more significant, while the effects of breviscapine on innate immunity were stronger, and the other two TCM adjuvants were weaker. As the first report of a comprehensive evaluation of TCM adjuvants in influenza vaccines, the results suggest that TCM and their active ingredients are good candidates for enhancing the immune response of influenza vaccines, and that suitable TCMs can be selected based on the adjuvant requirements of different vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linyuan Wang, ; Jianjun Zhang,
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linyuan Wang, ; Jianjun Zhang,
| | - Ruilin Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Tonto PB, Nagao M, Suga S, Taniguchi K, Hirayama M, Nakayama T, Kumagai T, Fujisawa T. High prevalence of IgE sensitization to inactivated influenza vaccines, yet robust IgG4 responses, in a healthy pediatric population. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 17:e13053. [PMID: 36086810 PMCID: PMC9835421 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis following influenza vaccination is a rare but serious problem. The underlying immune responses are not well understood. This study elucidated the IgE and IgG antibody responses in healthy children and adolescents following inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs). METHODS The efficacy and safety of quadrivalent IIV (QIV) and trivalent IIV (TIV) were compared in healthy subjects aged 0-18 years. Serum IIV-specific IgE, IgG, and IgG4 levels (sIgE, sIgG, and sIgG4) were measured with ImmunoCAP. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed for each influenza virus subtype. Sera from earlier patients who developed anaphylaxis to different IIVs were similarly tested. RESULTS A total of 393 subjects were enrolled: 96 were 6 months-2 years old, 100 were 3-5 years old, 100 were 6-12 years old, and 97 were 13-18 years old. No anaphylaxis was observed. Generally, QIV and TIV induced similar antibody responses. IIV-sIgE levels rose significantly after vaccination in the 6 months-2 years old and 3-5 years old groups, did not change in the 6-12 years old group, and decreased in the 13-18 years old group. In contrast, the IIV-sIgG4/sIgE ratio increased significantly after vaccination in all age groups. Sensitized subjects had significantly higher HI titers and IIV-sIgG levels in the youngest age group and higher IIV-sIgG4 levels in all age groups compared with the non-sensitized. The IIV-sIgG4/sIgE ratio in five patients with anaphylaxis was significantly lower than in age-matched healthy subjects. CONCLUSION IIVs induce IgE sensitization in healthy children but also robust IgG4 responses that may protect them from anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Baffour Tonto
- Allergy Center and Infectious Disease CenterNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan,Department of Child Health and DevelopmentMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Allergy Center and Infectious Disease CenterNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan,Department of Child Health and DevelopmentMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Shigeru Suga
- Allergy Center and Infectious Disease CenterNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan,Department of Child Health and DevelopmentMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Kiyosu Taniguchi
- Allergy Center and Infectious Disease CenterNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan,Department of Child Health and DevelopmentMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Masahiro Hirayama
- Department of PediatricsMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Tetsuo Nakayama
- Omura Satoshi Memorial InstituteKitasato University Graduate School of Infection Control SciencesTokyoJapan
| | | | - Takao Fujisawa
- Allergy Center and Infectious Disease CenterNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan,Department of Child Health and DevelopmentMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
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Chen K, Wu X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhao S, Li C, Hu Z, Yang Z, Li L. The protective effects of a D-tetra-peptide hydrogel adjuvant vaccine against H7N9 influenza virus in mice. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu X, Tang S, Wang Z, Ma X, Zhang L, Zhang F, Xiao L, Zhao S, Li Q, Wang Y, Wang Q, Chen K. Immune Enhancement by the Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel as a Promising Adjuvant for an H7N9 Vaccine against Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010130. [PMID: 35062791 PMCID: PMC8778772 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Short peptide hydrogel was reported as a possible adjuvant for vaccines. In order to evaluate whether the Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel can be a promising adjuvant for an H7N9 vaccine against the highly pathogenic H7N9 virus, we conducted this study. Methods: Tetra-Peptide Hydrogels (D and L conformations) were prepared by a self-assembly system using a Naproxen acid modified tetra peptide of GFFY (Npx-GFFY). Mice received two immunizations with the D-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel adjuvant vaccine, the L-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel adjuvant vaccine, or the split vaccine. Fourteen days following the second dose, the mice were challenged with the highly pathogenic A/Guangdong/GZ8H002/2017(H7N9) virus. The mice were observed for signs of illness, weight loss, pathological alterations of the lung tissues and immune responses in the following 2 weeks. Results: The D/L-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogels resembled long bars with hinges on each other, with a diameter of ~10 nm. The H7N9 vaccine was observed to adhere to the hydrogel. All the unvaccinated mice were dead by 8 days post infection with H7N9. The mice immunized by the split H7N9 vaccine were protected against infection with H7N9. Mice immunized by D/L-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel adjuvant vaccines experienced shorter symptomatic periods and their micro-neutralization titers were higher than in the split H7N9 vaccine at 2 weeks post infection. The hemagglutinating inhibition (HI) titer in the L-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel adjuvant vaccine group was higher than that in the split H7N9 vaccine 1 week and 2 weeks post infection. The HI titer in the D-Tetra-Peptide Hydrogel adjuvant vaccine group was higher than that in the split H7N9 vaccine at 2 weeks post infection. Conclusion: The D/L Tetra-Peptide Hydrogels increased the protection of the H7N9 vaccine and could be promising adjuvants for H7N9 vaccines against highly pathogenic H7N9 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Songjia Tang
- Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Zhehua Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease and Medical Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, 1229 Gudun Road, Xihu, Hangzhou 310012, China; (Z.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease and Medical Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, 1229 Gudun Road, Xihu, Hangzhou 310012, China; (Z.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Lanlan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Keda Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (F.Z.); (L.X.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Q.W.); (K.C.)
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Tu P, Tian R, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Ling L, Li H, Chen D. Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus. Chin Med 2020; 15:128. [PMID: 33349263 PMCID: PMC7750395 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infections induced by influenza viruses, as well as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic induced by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to acute lung injury (ALI) and multi organ failure, during which traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played an important role in treatment of the pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Indigo Naturalis on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice. Method The anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract of Indigo Naturalis (INAE) were evaluated in vitro. BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with IAV (H1N1) were treated intragastrically with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg/day) 2 h later for 4 or 7 days. Animal lifespan and mortality were recorded. Expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were evaluated through immunohistological staining. Inflammatory cytokines were also monitored by ELISA. Result INAE inhibited virus replication on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The results showed that oral administration of 160 mg/kg of INAE significantly improved the lifespan (P < 0.01) and survival rate of IAV infected mice, improved lung injury and lowered viral replication in lung tissue (P < 0.01). Treatment with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) significantly increased liver weight and liver index (P < 0.05), as well as weight and organ index of thymus and spleen at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were reduced by INAE administration (P < 0.05). The expression of HMGB-1 and TLR4 in lung tissue were also suppressed. The increased production of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) in lung tissue were inhibited by INAE treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with INAE reduced the high levels of interferon α (IFN-α), interferon β (IFN-β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES), interferon induced protein-10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05), with increased production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results showed that INAE alleviated IAV induced ALI in mice. The mechanisms of INAE were associated with its anti-influenza, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. Indigo Naturalis might have clinical potential to treat ALI induced by IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Ling
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Sanchez J, Gonçalves E, Llano A, Gonzáles P, Fernández-Maldonado M, Vogt A, Soria A, Perez S, Cedeño S, Fernández MA, Nourikyan J, de Bernard S, Ganoza C, Pedruzzi E, Bonduelle O, Mothe B, Gòmez CE, Esteban M, Garcia F, Lama JR, Brander C, Combadiere B. Immune Profiles Identification by Vaccinomics After MVA Immunization in Randomized Clinical Study. Front Immunol 2020; 11:586124. [PMID: 33244316 PMCID: PMC7683801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous work has demonstrated the benefits of transcutaneous immunization in targeting Langerhans cells and preferentially inducing CD8 T-cell responses. Methods In this randomized phase Ib clinical trial including 20 HIV uninfected volunteers, we compared the safety and immunogenicity of the MVA recombinant vaccine expressing HIV-B antigen (MVA-B) by transcutaneous and intramuscular routes. We hypothesized that the quality of innate and adaptive immunity differs according to the route of immunization and explored the quality of the vector vaccine-induced immune responses. We also investigated the early blood transcriptome and serum cytokine levels to identify innate events correlated with the strength and quality of adaptive immunity. Results We demonstrate that MVA-B vaccine is safe by both routes, but that the quality and intensity of both innate and adaptive immunity differ significantly. Transcutaneous vaccination promoted CD8 responses in the absence of antibodies and slightly affected gene expression, involving mainly genes associated with metabolic pathways. Intramuscular vaccination, on the other hand, drove robust changes in the expression of genes involved in IL-6 and interferon signalling pathways, mainly those associated with humoral responses, and also some levels of CD8 response. Conclusion Thus, vaccine delivery route perturbs early innate responses that shape the quality of adaptive immunity. Clinical Trial Registration http://ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier PER-073-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomedicas y Medioambientales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Elena Gonçalves
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis), Paris, France
| | - Anuska Llano
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Annika Vogt
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susana Perez
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomedicas y Medioambientales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Samandhy Cedeño
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Antonio Fernández
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Eric Pedruzzi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis), Paris, France
| | - Olivia Bonduelle
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis), Paris, France
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Carmen E Gòmez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier R Lama
- Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute-HIVACAT, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Behazine Combadiere
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMIParis), Paris, France
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