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Vogiatzi I, Lama LM, Lehmann A, Rossignoli F, Gettemans J, Shah K. Allogeneic stem cells engineered to release interferon β and scFv-PD1 target glioblastoma and alter the tumor microenvironment. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:1217-1226. [PMID: 38852095 PMCID: PMC11427148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Highly malignant brain tumors, glioblastomas (GBM), are immunosuppressive, thereby limiting current promising immunotherapeutic approaches. In this study, we created interferon receptor 1 knockout allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to secrete dual-function pro-apoptotic and immunomodulatory interferon (IFN) β (MSCKO-IFNβ) using a single lentiviral vector CRISPR/Cas9 system. We show that MSCKO-IFNβ induces apoptosis in GBM cells and upregulates the cell surface expression of programmed death ligand-1 in tumor cells. Next, we engineered MSCKO to release a secretable single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to block programmed death (PD)-1 and show the ability of MSCKO-scFv-PD1 to enhance T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated tumor cell killing. To simultaneously express both immune modulators, we engineered MSCKO-IFNβ to co-express scFv-PD1 (MSCKO-IFNβ-scFv-PD1) and show the expression of both IFNβ and scFv-PD1 in vitro leads to T-cell activation and lowers the viability of tumor cells. Furthermore, to mimic the clinical scenario of GBM tumor resection and subsequent treatment, we show that synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM) encapsulated MSCKO-IFNβ-scFv-PD1 treatment of resected tumors results in the increase of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, mature conventional dendritic cells type II and activation of microglia as compared to the control treatment group. Overall, these results reveal the ability of MSCKO-IFNβ-scFv-PD1 to shape the tumor microenvironment and enhance therapeutic outcomes in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioulia Vogiatzi
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucia Moreno Lama
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amelia Lehmann
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Filippo Rossignoli
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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Jiacheng D, Jiayue C, Ying G, Shaohua W, Wenhui L, Xinyu H. Research progress and challenges of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in gliomas. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:123. [PMID: 39334448 PMCID: PMC11437992 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunosuppressants provides new therapeutic directions for various advanced malignant cancers. At present, PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressants have made significant progress in clinical trials of some gliomas, but PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have not yet shown convincing clinical efficacy in gliomas. This article summarizes the research progress of the PD-1 /PD-L1 pathway in gliomas through the following three aspects. It mainly includes the complex expression levels and regulatory mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 in the glioma microenvironment, the immune infiltration in glioma immunosuppressive microenvironment, and research progress on the application of PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressants in clinical treatment trials for gliomas. This will help to understand the current treatment progress and future research directions better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiacheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin Provincial Hospital, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Cui Jiayue
- Department of Histology and Embryology, The School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Guo Ying
- Department of Histology and Embryology, The School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Wang Shaohua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Liu Wenhui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, The School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Hong Xinyu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin Provincial Hospital, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Wei Y, Zhou K, Wang C, Du X, Wang Z, Chen G, Zhang H, Hui X. Exosomal miR-142-3p from M1-polarized macrophages suppresses cell growth and immune escape in glioblastoma through regulating HMGB1-mediated PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39289038 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most prevalent cancerous brain tumors. Former studies have reported that exosomes derived from M1-polarized macrophages (M1 exosomes) inhibit tumor occurrence and development through delivery of tumor suppressor genes. Also, microRNA-142-3p (miR-142-3p) has been verified to function as a tumor suppressor. GBM cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay; cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Mechanism investigations were conducted for analyzing the molecular mechanism by which miR-142-3p and M1 exosomes affect GBM progression. Upregulation of miR-142-3p expression was detected in M1-polarized macrophages and M1 exosomes. M1 exosomes inhibit GBM cell proliferation and trigger cell apoptosis. Functionally, miR-142-3p silencing promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of GBM cells treated with M1 exosomes. As for molecular mechanism, miR-142-3p inhibits GBM cell growth via targeting high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). In addition, miR-142-3p/HMGB1 axis affects GBM cell immune escape through modulation of programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint. Our study demonstrated that exosomal miR-142-3p from M1-polarized macrophages suppresses cell growth and immune escape in GBM through regulating HMGB1-mediated PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinyang Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University (Guiyang Second People's Hospital), Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinyang Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University (Guiyang Second People's Hospital), Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinyang Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University (Guiyang Second People's Hospital), Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengdi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinyang Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University (Guiyang Second People's Hospital), Guiyang, China
| | - Guangtang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuhui Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Tataranu LG, Turliuc S, Kamel A, Rizea RE, Dricu A, Staicu GA, Baloi SC, Rodriguez SMB, Manole AIM. Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: An Important Modulator for Tumoral Progression and Therapy Resistance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:9881-9894. [PMID: 39329940 PMCID: PMC11430601 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46090588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The race to find an effective treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) remains a critical topic, because of its high aggressivity and impact on survival and the quality of life. Currently, due to GBM's high heterogeneity, the conventional treatment success rate and response to therapy are relatively low, with a median survival rate of less than 20 months. A new point of view can be provided by the comprehension of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pursuance of the development of new therapeutic strategies to aim for a longer survival rate with an improved quality of life and longer disease-free interval (DFI). The main components of the GBM TME are represented by the extracellular matrix (ECM), glioma cells and glioma stem cells (GSCs), immune cells (microglia, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes), neuronal cells, all of them having dynamic interactions and being able to influence the tumoral growth, progression, and drug resistance thus being a potential therapeutic target. This paper will review the latest research on the GBM TME and the potential therapeutic targets to form an up-to-date strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Neurosurgical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020022 Bucharest, Romania
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Turliuc
- Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "G. T. Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Amira Kamel
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Eugen Rizea
- Neurosurgical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020022 Bucharest, Romania
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Stefania Carina Baloi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Lu YJ, Vayalakkara RK, Dash BS, Hu SH, Premji TP, Wu CY, Shen YJ, Chen JP. Immunomodulatory R848-Loaded Anti-PD-L1-Conjugated Reduced Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots for Photothermal Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1064. [PMID: 39204409 PMCID: PMC11358977 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most severe form of brain cancer and presents unique challenges to developing novel treatments due to its immunosuppressive milieu where receptors like programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are frequently elevated to prevent an effective anti-tumor immune response. To potentially shift the GBM environment from being immunosuppressive to immune-enhancing, we engineered a novel nanovehicle from reduced graphene oxide quantum dot (rGOQD), which are loaded with the immunomodulatory drug resiquimod (R848) and conjugated with an anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1). The immunomodulatory rGOQD/R8/aPDL1 nanoparticles can actively target the PD-L1 on the surface of ALTS1C1 murine glioblastoma cells and release R848 to enhance the T-cell-driven anti-tumor response. From in vitro experiments, the PD-L1-mediated intracellular uptake and the rGOQD-induced photothermal response after irradiation with near-infrared laser light led to the death of cancer cells and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The combinational effect of R848 and released DAMPs synergistically produces antigens to activate dendritic cells, which can prime T lymphocytes to infiltrate the tumor in vivo. As a result, T cells effectively target and attack the PD-L1-suppressed glioma cells and foster a robust photothermal therapy elicited anti-tumor immune response from a syngeneic mouse model of GBM with subcutaneously implanted ALTS1C1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (R.K.V.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Reesha Kakkadavath Vayalakkara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Banendu Sunder Dash
- Department of Chemical and Materials and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (B.S.D.)
| | - Shang-Hsiu Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Thejas Pandaraparambil Premji
- Department of Chemical and Materials and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (B.S.D.)
| | - Chun-Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Yang-Jin Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (R.K.V.)
- Department of Chemical and Materials and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (B.S.D.)
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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Al-Ostoot FH, Salah S, Khanum SA. An Overview of Cancer Biology, Pathophysiological Development and It's Treatment Modalities: Current Challenges of Cancer anti-Angiogenic Therapy. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:559-604. [PMID: 38874308 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2361295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
A number of conditions and factors can cause the transformation of normal cells in the body into malignant tissue by changing the normal functions of a wide range of regulatory, apoptotic, and signal transduction pathways. Despite the current deficiency in fully understanding the mechanism of cancer action accurately and clearly, numerous genes and proteins that are causally involved in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer have been identified. But due to the lack of space and the abundance of details on this complex topic, we have emphasized here more recent advances in our understanding of the principles implied tumor cell transformation, development, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a significant strategy for the treatment of various solid tumors, that essentially depend on cutting or at least limiting the supply of blood to micro-regions of tumors, leading to pan-hypoxia and pan-necrosis inside solid tumor tissues. Researchers have continued to enhance the efficiency of anti-angiogenic drugs over the past two decades, to identify their potential in the drug interaction, and to discover reasonable interpretations for possible resistance to treatment. In this review, we have discussed an overview of cancer history and recent methods use in cancer therapy, focusing on anti-angiogenic inhibitors targeting angiogenesis formation. Further, this review has explained the molecular mechanism of action of these anti-angiogenic inhibitors in various tumor types and their limitations use. In addition, we described the synergistic mechanisms of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy and summarizes current clinical trials of these combinations. Many phase III trials found that combining immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy improved survival. Therefore, targeting the source supply of cancer cells to grow and spread with new anti-angiogenic agents in combination with different conventional therapy is a novel method to reduce cancer progression. The aim of this paper is to overview the varying concepts of cancer focusing on mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and provide an overview of the recent trends in anti-angiogenic strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Hezam Al-Ostoot
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Education & Science, Albaydha University, Al-Baydha, Yemen
| | - Salma Salah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Shaukath Ara Khanum
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
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Tataranu LG, Turliuc S, Rizea RE, Dricu A, Alexandru O, Staicu GA, Kamel A. A Synopsis of Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: Past and Present. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6903-6939. [PMID: 39057054 PMCID: PMC11275428 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Accounting for 48% of malignant brain tumors in adults, glioblastoma has been of great interest in the last decades, especially in the biomolecular and neurosurgical fields, due to its incurable nature and notable neurological morbidity. The major advancements in neurosurgical technologies have positively influenced the extent of safe tumoral resection, while the latest progress in the biomolecular field of GBM has uncovered new potential therapeutical targets. Although GBM currently has no curative therapy, recent progress has been made in the management of this disease, both from surgical and molecular perspectives. The main current therapeutic approach is multimodal and consists of neurosurgical intervention, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, mostly with temozolomide. Although most patients will develop treatment resistance and tumor recurrence after surgical removal, biomolecular advancements regarding GBM have contributed to a better understanding of this pathology and its therapeutic management. Over the past few decades, specific biomarkers have been discovered that have helped predict prognosis and treatment responses and contributed to improvements in survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Neurosurgical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania;
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Serban Turliuc
- Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “G. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu Eugen Rizea
- Neurosurgical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania;
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania (O.A.); (G.-A.S.)
| | - Oana Alexandru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania (O.A.); (G.-A.S.)
| | - Georgiana-Adeline Staicu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania (O.A.); (G.-A.S.)
| | - Amira Kamel
- Neurosurgical Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania;
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Dixon S, O'connor AT, Brooks-Noreiga C, Clark MA, Levy A, Castejon AM. Role of renin angiotensin system inhibitors and metformin in Glioblastoma Therapy: a review. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 94:1-23. [PMID: 38914751 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-024-04686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and incurable disease accounting for about 10,000 deaths in the USA each year. Despite the current treatment approach which includes surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, there remains a high prevalence of recurrence. Notable improvements have been observed in persons receiving concurrent antihypertensive drugs such as renin angiotensin inhibitors (RAS) or the antidiabetic drug metformin with standard therapy. Anti-tumoral effects of RAS inhibitors and metformin have been observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Although clinical trials have shown mixed results, the potential for the use of RAS inhibitors and metformin as adjuvant GBM therapy remains promising. Nevertheless, evidence suggest that these drugs exert multimodal antitumor actions; by particularly targeting several cancer hallmarks. In this review, we highlight the results of clinical studies using multidrug cocktails containing RAS inhibitors and or metformin added to standard therapy for GBM. In addition, we highlight the possible molecular mechanisms by which these repurposed drugs with an excellent safety profile might elicit their anti-tumoral effects. RAS inhibition elicits anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and immune sensitivity effects in GBM. However, metformin promotes anti-migratory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects mainly through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Also, we discussed metformin's potential in targeting both GBM cells as well as GBM associated-stem cells. Finally, we summarize a few drug interactions that may cause an additive or antagonistic effect that may lead to adverse effects and influence treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashana Dixon
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA.
| | - Ann Tenneil O'connor
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Chloe Brooks-Noreiga
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Michelle A Clark
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Arkene Levy
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ana M Castejon
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Nguyen TTT, Greene LA, Mnatsakanyan H, Badr CE. Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Care: Emerging Technologies and Strategies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1376. [PMID: 38927583 PMCID: PMC11202201 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of brain tumor, characterized by a daunting prognosis with a life expectancy hovering around 12-16 months. Despite a century of relentless research, only a select few drugs have received approval for brain tumor treatment, largely due to the formidable barrier posed by the blood-brain barrier. The current standard of care involves a multifaceted approach combining surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. However, recurrence often occurs within months despite these interventions. The formidable challenges of drug delivery to the brain and overcoming therapeutic resistance have become focal points in the treatment of brain tumors and are deemed essential to overcoming tumor recurrence. In recent years, a promising wave of advanced treatments has emerged, offering a glimpse of hope to overcome the limitations of existing therapies. This review aims to highlight cutting-edge technologies in the current and ongoing stages of development, providing patients with valuable insights to guide their choices in brain tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T. T. Nguyen
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lloyd A. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Hayk Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (H.M.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Christian E. Badr
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (H.M.); (C.E.B.)
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Liang T, Gu L, Kang X, Li J, Song Y, Wang Y, Ma W. Programmed cell death disrupts inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes glioblastoma evolution. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:333. [PMID: 38890642 PMCID: PMC11184850 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis even under the current first-line treatment, with a 5-year survival rate less than 7%. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of treatment resistance and develop new anti-tumor strategies. Induction of programmed cell death (PCD) has become a promising anti-tumor strategy, but its effectiveness in treating GBM remains controversial. On the one hand, PCD triggers tumor cell death and then release mediators to draw in immune cells, creating a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME). One the other hand, mounting evidence suggests that PCD and inflammatory TME will force tumor cells to evolve under survival stress, leading to tumor recurrence. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of PCD and inflammatory TME in the tumor evolution of GBM and promising methods to overcome tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lingui Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoman Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- '4+4' Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junlin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Eight-year Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Eight-year Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Lerouge L, Ruch A, Pierson J, Thomas N, Barberi-Heyob M. Non-targeted effects of radiation therapy for glioblastoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30813. [PMID: 38778925 PMCID: PMC11109805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is recommended for the treatment of brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM) and brain metastases. Various curative and palliative scenarios suggest improved local-regional control. Although the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear, additional therapeutic effects have been described, including proximity and abscopal reactions at the treatment site. Clinical and preclinical data suggest that the immune system plays an essential role in regulating the non-targeted effects of radiotherapy for GBM. This article reviews current biological mechanisms for regulating the non-targeted effects caused by external and internal radiotherapy, and how they might be applied in a clinical context. Optimization of therapeutic regimens requires assessment of the complexity of the host immune system on the activity of immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory cells, such as glioma-associated macrophages and microglia. This article also discusses recent preclinical models adapted to post-radiotherapy responses. This narrative review explores and discusses the current status of immune responses both locally via the "bystander effect" and remotely via the "abscopal effect". Preclinical and clinical observations demonstrate that unirradiated cells, near or far from the irradiation site, can control the tumor response. Nevertheless, previous studies do not address the problem in its global context, and present gaps regarding the link between the role of the immune system in the control of non-targeted effects for different types of radiotherapy and different fractionation schemes applied to GBM. This narrative synthesis of the scientific literature should help to update and critique available preclinical and medical knowledge. Indirectly, it will help formulate new research projects based on the synthesis and interpretation of results from a non-systematic selection of published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lerouge
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Aurélie Ruch
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Julien Pierson
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Noémie Thomas
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Muriel Barberi-Heyob
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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12
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Zheng J, Wang L, Zhao S, Zhang W, Chang Y, Bosco DB, Huang T, Dheer A, Gao S, Xu S, Ayasoufi K, Al-Kharboosh R, Qi F, Xie M, Johnson AJ, Dong H, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Wu LJ. TREM2 mediates MHCII-associated CD4+ T-cell response against gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:811-825. [PMID: 37941134 PMCID: PMC11066911 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid cells comprise up to 50% of the total tumor mass in glioblastoma (GBM) and have been implicated in promoting tumor progression and immunosuppression. Modulating the response of myeloid cells to the tumor has emerged as a promising new approach for cancer treatment. In this regard, we focus on the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), which has recently emerged as a novel immune modulator in peripheral tumors. METHODS We studied the TREM2 expression profile in various patient tumor samples and conducted single-cell transcriptomic analysis in both GBM patients and the GL261 mouse glioma model. We utilized multiple mouse glioma models and employed state-of-the-art techniques such as invivo 2-photon imaging, spectrum flow cytometry, and in vitro co-culture assays to study TREM2 function in myeloid cell-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells, antigen presentation, and response of CD4+ T cells within the tumor hemispheres. RESULTS Our research revealed significantly elevated levels of TREM2 expression in brain tumors compared to other types of tumors in patients. TREM2 was predominantly localized in tumor-associated myeloid cells and was highly expressed in nearly all microglia, as well as various subtypes of macrophages. Surprisingly, in preclinical glioma models, TREM2 deficiency did not confer a beneficial effect; instead, it accelerated glioma progression. Through detailed investigations, we determined that TREM2 deficiency impaired the ability of tumor-myeloid cells to phagocytose tumor cells and led to reduced expression of MHCII. This deficiency further significantly decreased the presence of CD4+ T cells within the tumor hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveiled a previously unrecognized protective role of tumor-myeloid TREM2. Specifically, we found that TREM2 enhances the phagocytosis of tumor cells and promotes an immune response by facilitating MHCII-associated CD4+ T-cell responses against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dale B Bosco
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aastha Dheer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shan Gao
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shengze Xu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Rawan Al-Kharboosh
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Manling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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13
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Guo X, Cao Y, Xing H, Wang Y, Xing B, Wang Y, Yao Y, Ma W. Artificial neural network identified a 20-gene panel in predicting immunotherapy response and survival benefits after anti-PD1/PD-L1 treatment in glioblastoma patients. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7218. [PMID: 38733169 PMCID: PMC11087814 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a promising immunotherapy approach, but glioblastoma clinical trials have not yielded satisfactory results. OBJECTIVE To screen glioblastoma patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. METHODS Eighty-one patients receiving anti-PD1/PD-L1 treatment from a large-scale clinical trial and 364 patients without immunotherapy from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included. Patients in the ICI-treated cohort were divided into responders and nonresponders according to overall survival (OS), and the most critical responder-relevant features were screened using random forest (RF). We constructed an artificial neural network (ANN) model and verified its predictive value with immunotherapy response and OS. RESULTS We defined two groups of ICI-treated glioblastoma patients with large differences in survival benefits as nonresponders (OS ≤6 months, n = 18) and responders (OS ≥17 months, n = 8). No differentially mutated genes were observed between responders and nonresponders. We performed RF analysis to select the most critical responder-relevant features and developed an ANN with 20 input variables, five hidden neurons and one output neuron. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and the DeLong test demonstrated that the ANN had the best performance in predicting responders, with an AUC of 0.97. Survival analysis indicated that ANN-predicted responders had significantly better OS rates than nonresponders. CONCLUSION The 20-gene panel developed by the ANN could be a promising biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response and prognostic benefits in ICI-treated GBM patients and may guide oncologists to accurately select potential responders for the preferential use of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yaning Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking UnionMedical CollegeBeijingChina
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14
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Romanishin A, Vasilev A, Khasanshin E, Evtekhov A, Pusynin E, Rubina K, Kakotkin V, Agapov M, Semina E. Oncolytic viral therapy for gliomas: Advances in the mechanisms and approaches to delivery. Virology 2024; 593:110033. [PMID: 38442508 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is a diverse category of tumors originating from glial cells encompasses various subtypes, based on the specific type of glial cells involved. The most aggressive is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which stands as the predominant primary malignant tumor within the central nervous system in adults. Despite the application of treatment strategy, the median survival rate for GBM patients still hovers around 15 months. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are artificially engineered viruses designed to selectively target and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. While clinical trials have demonstrated encouraging results with intratumoral OV injections for some cancers, applying this approach to GBM presents unique challenges. Here we elaborate on current trends in oncolytic viral therapy and their delivery methods. We delve into the various methods of delivering OVs for therapy, exploring their respective advantages and disadvantages and discussing how selecting the optimal delivery method can enhance the efficacy of this innovative treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romanishin
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia.
| | - A Vasilev
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia
| | - E Khasanshin
- Kaliningrad Regional Hospital, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - A Evtekhov
- Kaliningrad Regional Hospital, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - E Pusynin
- Kaliningrad Regional Hospital, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - K Rubina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Kakotkin
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia
| | - M Agapov
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Semina
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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15
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van der Straat R, Draijer R, Surmiak E, Butera R, Land L, Magiera-Mularz K, Musielak B, Plewka J, Holak TA, Dömling A. 1,5-Disubstituted tetrazoles as PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1210-1215. [PMID: 38665826 PMCID: PMC11042242 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00746d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The progress in cancer survival and treatment has witnessed a remarkable transformation through the innovative approach of targeting the inhibitory immune checkpoint protein PD-1/PD-L1 complex by mAbs, e.g. pembrolizumab (Keytruda). While generating 17.2 billion U.S. dollars in revenue in 2021, the true significance of these developments lies in their ability to enhance cancer patient outcomes. Despite the proven efficacy of mAbs in inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathways, they face significant challenges, including limited response rates, high production costs, missing oral bioavailability, and extended half-lives that can lead to immune-related adverse effects. A promising alternative approach involves the use of small molecules acting as PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists to stimulate PD-L1 dimerization. However, the precise mechanisms of action of these molecules remain partially understood, posing challenges to their development. In this context, our research focuses on the creation of a novel scaffold based on the Ugi tetrazole four-component reaction (UT-4CR) to develop low-molecular-weight inhibitors of PD-L1. Employing structure-based methods, we synthesized a library of small compounds using biphenyl vinyl isocyanide, leading to the discovery of a structure-activity relationship among 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole-based inhibitors. Supported by a cocrystal structure with PD-L1, these inhibitors underwent biophysical testing, including HTRF and protein NMR experiments, resulting in the identification of potent candidates with sub-micromolar PD-L1 affinities. This finding opens opportunities to the further development of a new class of PD-L1 antagonists, holding promise for improved cancer immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin van der Straat
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Draijer
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ewa Surmiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Roberto Butera
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Lennart Land
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Magiera-Mularz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palackȳ University in Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic
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16
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Wang H, Medina R, Ye J, Zhang Y, Chakraborty S, Valenzuela A, Uher O, Hadrava Vanova K, Sun M, Sang X, Park DM, Zenka J, Gilbert MR, Pacak K, Zhuang Z. rWTC-MBTA Vaccine Induces Potent Adaptive Immune Responses Against Glioblastomas via Dynamic Activation of Dendritic Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308280. [PMID: 38298111 PMCID: PMC11005728 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite strides in immunotherapy, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains challenging due to low inherent immunogenicity and suppressive tumor microenvironment. Converting "cold" GBMs to "hot" is crucial for immune activation and improved outcomes. This study comprehensively characterized a therapeutic vaccination strategy for preclinical GBM models. The vaccine consists of Mannan-BAM-anchored irradiated whole tumor cells, Toll-like receptor ligands [lipoteichoic acid (LTA), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly (I:C)), and resiquimod (R-848)], and anti-CD40 agonistic antibody (rWTC-MBTA). Intracranial GBM models (GL261, SB28 cells) are used to evaluate the vaccine efficacy. A substantial number of vaccinated mice exhibited complete regression of GBM tumors in a T-cell-dependent manner, with no significant toxicity. Long-term tumor-specific immune memory is confirmed upon tumor rechallenge. In the vaccine-draining lymph nodes of the SB28 model, rWTC-MBTA vaccination triggered a major rise in conventional dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1) 12 h post-treatment, followed by an increase in conventional dendritic cell type 2 (cDC2), monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC), and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) on Day 5 and Day 13. Enhanced cytotoxicity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vaccinated mice is verified in co-culture with tumor cells. Analyses of immunosuppressive signals (T-cell exhaustion, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), M2 macrophages) in the GBM microenvironment suggest potential combinations with other immunotherapies for enhanced efficacy. In conclusion, the authors findings demonstrate that rWTC-MBTA induces potent and long-term adaptive immune responses against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herui Wang
- Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland10022USA
- Present address:
Staff Scientist Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer Institute Center for Cancer ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBuilding 37 Room 100437 Convent Dr.BethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Rogelio Medina
- Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland10022USA
| | - Juan Ye
- Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland10022USA
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland10022USA
| | | | - Alex Valenzuela
- Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland10022USA
| | - Ondrej Uher
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of Health9000 Rockville PikeBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Katerina Hadrava Vanova
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of Health9000 Rockville PikeBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Mitchell Sun
- Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland10022USA
| | - Xueyu Sang
- Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland10022USA
| | - Deric M. Park
- John Theurer Cancer CenterHUMCHackensack Meridian School of Medicine92 2nd StHackensackNJ07601USA
| | - Jan Zenka
- Department of Medical BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaČeské Budějovice37005Czech Republic
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland10022USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of Health9000 Rockville PikeBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland10022USA
- Present address:
Senior Investigator Neuro‐Oncology BranchNational Cancer Institute Center for Cancer ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBuilding 37 Room 100037 Convent DrBethesdaMD20892USA
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17
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Kiel K, Król SK, Bronisz A, Godlewski J. MiR-128-3p - a gray eminence of the human central nervous system. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102141. [PMID: 38419943 PMCID: PMC10899074 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA-128-3p (miR-128-3p) is a versatile molecule with multiple functions in the physiopathology of the human central nervous system. Perturbations of miR-128-3p, which is enriched in the brain, contribute to a plethora of neurodegenerative disorders, brain injuries, and malignancies, as this miRNA is a crucial regulator of gene expression in the brain, playing an essential role in the maintenance and function of cells stemming from neuronal lineage. However, the differential expression of miR-128-3p in pathologies underscores the importance of the balance between its high and low levels. Significantly, numerous reports pointed to miR-128-3p as one of the most depleted in glioblastoma, implying it is a critical player in the disease's pathogenesis and thus may serve as a therapeutic agent for this most aggressive form of brain tumor. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the diverse roles of miR-128-3p. We focus on its involvement in the neurogenesis and pathophysiology of malignant and neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the promising potential of miR-128-3p as an antitumor agent for the future therapy of human cancers, including glioblastoma, and as the linchpin of brain development and function, potentially leading to the development of new therapies for neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kiel
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Katarzyna Król
- Department of Neurooncology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurooncology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Wu M, Shi Y, Liu Y, Huang H, Che J, Shi J, Xu C. Exosome-transmitted podoplanin promotes tumor-associated macrophage-mediated immune tolerance in glioblastoma. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14643. [PMID: 38470096 PMCID: PMC10929222 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid disease course and poor treatment responsiveness. The abundance of immunosuppressive macrophages in glioblastoma challenges the efficacy of novel immunotherapy. METHODS Bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq of glioma patients from public databases were comprehensively analyzed to illustrate macrophage infiltration patterns and molecular characteristics of podoplanin (PDPN). Multiplexed fluorescence immunohistochemistry staining of PDPN, GFAP, CD68, and CD163 were performed in glioma tissue microarray. The impact of PDPN on macrophage immunosuppressive polarization was investigated using a co-culture system. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and OT-II T cells isolated from BALB/c and OT-II mice respectively were co-cultured to determine T-cell adherence. Pathway alterations were probed through RNA sequencing and western blot analyses. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that PDPN is notably correlated with the expression of CD68 and CD163 in glioma tissues. Additionally, macrophages phagocytosing PDPN-containing EVs (EVsPDPN ) from GBM cells presented increased CD163 expression and augmented secretion of immunoregulatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β1). PDPN within EVs was also associated with enhanced phagocytic activity and reduced MHC II expression in macrophages, compromising CD4+ T-cell activation. CONCLUSIONS This investigation underscores that EVsPDPN derived from glioblastoma cells contributes to M2 macrophage-mediated immunosuppression and is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
- Yu‐Yue Pathology Scientific Research CenterChongqingChina
- Jinfeng LaboratoryChongqingChina
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceKunmingChina
| | - Hongxiang Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated HospitalNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Jiajia Che
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceKunmingChina
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
- Yu‐Yue Pathology Scientific Research CenterChongqingChina
- Jinfeng LaboratoryChongqingChina
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19
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Kosianova А, Pak O, Bryukhovetskiy I. Regulation of cancer stem cells and immunotherapy of glioblastoma (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:24. [PMID: 38170016 PMCID: PMC10758921 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most adverse diagnoses in oncology. Complex current treatment results in a median survival of 15 months. Resistance to treatment is associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The present review aimed to analyze the mechanisms of CSC plasticity, showing the particular role of β-catenin in regulating vital functions of CSCs, and to describe the molecular mechanisms of Wnt-independent increase of β-catenin levels, which is influenced by the local microenvironment of CSCs. The present review also analyzed the reasons for the low effectiveness of using medication in the regulation of CSCs, and proposed the development of immunotherapy scenarios with tumor cell vaccines, containing heterogenous cancer cells able of producing a multidirectional antineoplastic immune response. Additionally, the possibility of managing lymphopenia by transplanting hematopoietic stem cells from a healthy sibling and using clofazimine or other repurposed drugs that reduce β-catenin concentration in CSCs was discussed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Аleksandra Kosianova
- Medical Center, School of Medicine and Life Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Pak
- Medical Center, School of Medicine and Life Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Medical Center, School of Medicine and Life Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
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Abdel-Rahman SA, Gabr M. Small Molecule Immunomodulators as Next-Generation Therapeutics for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:435. [PMID: 38275876 PMCID: PMC10814352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive astrocytic glioma, remains a therapeutic challenge despite multimodal approaches. Immunotherapy holds promise, but its efficacy is hindered by the highly immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment. This review underscores the urgent need to comprehend the intricate interactions between glioma and immune cells, shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in GBM. Immunotherapeutic advancements have shown limited success, prompting exploration of immunomodulatory approaches targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and microglia, constituting a substantial portion of the GBM TME. Converting protumor M2-like TAMs to antitumor M1-like phenotypes emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses an additional challenge to successful immunotherapy, restricting drug delivery to GBM TME. Research efforts to enhance BBB permeability have mainly focused on small molecules, which can traverse the BBB more effectively than biologics. Despite over 200 clinical trials for GBM, studies on small molecule immunomodulators within the GBM TME are scarce. Developing small molecules with optimal brain penetration and selectivity against immunomodulatory pathways presents a promising avenue for combination therapies in GBM. This comprehensive review discusses various immunomodulatory pathways in GBM progression with a focus on immune checkpoints and TAM-related targets. The exploration of such molecules, with the capacity to selectively target key immunomodulatory pathways and penetrate the BBB, holds the key to unlocking new combination therapy approaches for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya A. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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21
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Kamrani A, Nasiri H, Hassanzadeh A, Ahmadian Heris J, Mohammadinasab R, Sadeghvand S, Sadeghi M, Valedkarimi Z, Hosseinzadeh R, Shomali N, Akbari M. New immunotherapy approaches for colorectal cancer: focusing on CAR-T cell, BiTE, and oncolytic viruses. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:56. [PMID: 38243252 PMCID: PMC10799490 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. There are several potential risk factors responsible for the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer, including age, family history, a history of inflammatory bowel disease, and lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet. For decades, there has been a vast amount of study on treatment approaches for colorectal cancer, which has led to conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, surgery, etc. Considering the high prevalence and incidence rate, scholars believe there is an urgent need for an alternative, more efficacious treatment with fewer adverse effects than the abovementioned treatments. Immunotherapy has emerged as a potential treatment alternative in a few years and has become one of the fastest-evolving therapeutic methods. Immunotherapy works by activating or enhancing the immune system's power to identify and attack cancerous cells. This review summarizes the most crucial new immunotherapy methods under investigation for colorectal cancer treatment, including Immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, BiTEs, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and Oncolytic virus therapy. Furthermore, this study discusses the application of combination therapy, precision medicine, biomarker discovery, overcoming resistance, and immune-related adverse effects. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kamrani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinasab
- Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Pediatrics Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tabriz university of medical science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Valedkarimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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22
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Mestrallet G. Predicting Immunotherapy Outcomes in Glioblastoma Patients through Machine Learning. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:408. [PMID: 38254897 PMCID: PMC10813889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive cancer associated with a dismal prognosis, with a mere 5% of patients surviving beyond five years post diagnosis. Current therapeutic modalities encompass surgical intervention, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs). However, the efficacy of ICBs remains limited in glioblastoma patients, necessitating a proactive approach to anticipate treatment response and resistance. In this comprehensive study, we conducted a rigorous analysis involving two distinct glioblastoma patient cohorts subjected to PD-1 blockade treatments. Our investigation revealed that a significant portion (60%) of patients exhibit persistent disease progression despite ICB intervention. To elucidate the underpinnings of resistance, we characterized the immune profiles of glioblastoma patients with continued cancer progression following anti-PD1 therapy. These profiles revealed multifaceted defects, encompassing compromised macrophage, monocyte, and T follicular helper responses, impaired antigen presentation, aberrant regulatory T cell (Tregs) responses, and heightened expression of immunosuppressive molecules (TGFB, IL2RA, and CD276). Building upon these resistance profiles, we leveraged cutting-edge machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models and accompanying software. This innovative computational tool achieved remarkable success, accurately forecasting the progression status of 82.82% of the glioblastoma patients in our study following ICBs, based on their unique immune characteristics. In conclusion, our pioneering approach advocates for the personalization of immunotherapy in glioblastoma patients. By harnessing patient-specific attributes and computational predictions, we offer a promising avenue for the enhancement of clinical outcomes in the realm of immunotherapy. This paradigm shift towards tailored therapies underscores the potential to revolutionize the management of glioblastoma, opening new horizons for improved patient care.
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23
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Ghimire P, Kinnersley B, Karami G, Arumugam P, Houlston R, Ashkan K, Modat M, Booth TC. Radiogenomic biomarkers for immunotherapy in glioblastoma: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae055. [PMID: 38680991 PMCID: PMC11046988 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy is an effective "precision medicine" treatment for several cancers. Imaging signatures of the underlying genome (radiogenomics) in glioblastoma patients may serve as preoperative biomarkers of the tumor-host immune apparatus. Validated biomarkers would have the potential to stratify patients during immunotherapy clinical trials, and if trials are beneficial, facilitate personalized neo-adjuvant treatment. The increased use of whole genome sequencing data, and the advances in bioinformatics and machine learning make such developments plausible. We performed a systematic review to determine the extent of development and validation of immune-related radiogenomic biomarkers for glioblastoma. Methods A systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines using the PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases. Qualitative analysis was performed by incorporating the QUADAS 2 tool and CLAIM checklist. PROSPERO registered: CRD42022340968. Extracted data were insufficiently homogenous to perform a meta-analysis. Results Nine studies, all retrospective, were included. Biomarkers extracted from magnetic resonance imaging volumes of interest included apparent diffusion coefficient values, relative cerebral blood volume values, and image-derived features. These biomarkers correlated with genomic markers from tumor cells or immune cells or with patient survival. The majority of studies had a high risk of bias and applicability concerns regarding the index test performed. Conclusions Radiogenomic immune biomarkers have the potential to provide early treatment options to patients with glioblastoma. Targeted immunotherapy, stratified by these biomarkers, has the potential to allow individualized neo-adjuvant precision treatment options in clinical trials. However, there are no prospective studies validating these biomarkers, and interpretation is limited due to study bias with little evidence of generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Ghimire
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Department of Oncology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marc Modat
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas C Booth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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24
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Ramar V, Guo S, Hudson B, Liu M. Progress in Glioma Stem Cell Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201528 PMCID: PMC10778204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents a diverse spectrum of primary tumors notorious for their resistance to established therapeutic modalities. Despite aggressive interventions like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, these tumors, due to factors such as the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity, glioma stem cells (GSCs), drug efflux pumps, and DNA damage repair mechanisms, persist beyond complete isolation, resulting in dismal outcomes for glioma patients. Presently, the standard initial approach comprises surgical excision followed by concurrent chemotherapy, where temozolomide (TMZ) serves as the foremost option in managing GBM patients. Subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy follows this regimen. Emerging therapeutic approaches encompass immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted treatments, such as bevacizumab, aiming to exploit vulnerabilities within GBM cells. Nevertheless, there exists a pressing imperative to devise innovative strategies for both diagnosing and treating GBM. This review emphasizes the current knowledge of GSC biology, molecular mechanisms, and associations with various signals and/or pathways, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, HGFR/c-MET, NF-κB, Wnt, Notch, and STAT3 pathways. Metabolic reprogramming in GSCs has also been reported with the prominent activation of the glycolytic pathway, comprising aldehyde dehydrogenase family genes. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches to GSC targets and currently used inhibitors, as well as their mode of action on GSC targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanajothi Ramar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (V.R.); (B.H.)
| | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, 1 Drexel Dr., New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - BreAnna Hudson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (V.R.); (B.H.)
| | - Mingli Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (V.R.); (B.H.)
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25
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Chan TYH, Wong JSY, Kiang KMY, Sun CWY, Leung GKK. The duality of CXCR3 in glioblastoma: unveiling autocrine and paracrine mechanisms for novel therapeutic approaches. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:835. [PMID: 38104126 PMCID: PMC10725418 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor associated with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. CXCR3, a chemokine receptor, serves dual autocrine-paracrine functions in cancer. Despite gaps in our understanding of the functional role of the CXCR3 receptor in GBM, it has been shown to hold promise as a therapeutic target for the treatment of GBM. Existing clinical therapeutics and vaccines targeting CXCR3 ligand expression associated with the CXCR3 axes have also shown anti-tumorigenic effects in GBM. This review summarizes existing evidence on the oncogenic function of CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, in GBM, and examines the controversies concerning the immunomodulatory functions of the CXCR3 receptor, including immune T cell recruitment, polarization, and positioning. The mechanisms underlying monotherpies and combination therapies targeting the CXCR3 pathways are discussed. A better understanding of the CXCR3 axes may lead to the development of strategies for overcoming the limitations of existing immunotherapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Yui Hei Chan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jenny Sum Yee Wong
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karrie Mei-Yee Kiang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cherry Won Yuet Sun
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Takei J, Kamata Y, Tanaka T, Fukasawa N, Gomisawa K, Satake M, Mori R, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T, Oda A, Murahashi M, Fukuda T, Shimoda M, Murayama Y, Akasaki Y. Prognostic survival biomarkers of tumor-fused dendritic cell vaccine therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3175-3189. [PMID: 37382632 PMCID: PMC10491709 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has been applied to glioblastoma (GBM); however, biomarkers informing response remain poorly understood. We conducted a phase I/IIa clinical trial investigating tumor-fused DC (TFDC) immunotherapy following temozolomide-based chemoradiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed GBM and determined prognostic factors in patients receiving TFDC immunotherapy. Twenty-eight adult patients with GBM isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type (IDH-WT) were enrolled; 127 TFDC vaccine injections (4.5 ± 2.6 times/patient) were administered. Patients with GBM IDH-WT had a respectable 5-year survival rate (24%), verifying the clinical activity of TFDC immunotherapy, particularly against O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) unmethylated GBM (5-year survival rate: 33%). To identify novel factors influencing overall survival (OS) in GBM IDH-WT treated with TFDC immunotherapy, clinical parameters were assessed and comprehensive molecular profiling involving transcriptome and exome analyses was performed. MGMT promoter methylation status, extent of tumor resection, and vaccine parameters (administration frequency, DC and tumor cell numbers, and fusion ratio) were not associated with survival following TFDC immunotherapy. Old age and pre- and post-operative Karnofsky performance status were significantly correlated with OS. Low HLA-A expression and lack of CCDC88A, KRT4, TACC2, and TONSL mutations in tumor cells were correlated with better prognosis. We validated the activity of TFDC immunotherapy against GBM IDH-WT, including chemoresistant, MGMT promoter unmethylated cases. The identification of molecular biomarkers predictive of TFDC immunotherapy efficacy in GBM IDH-WT will facilitate the design of and patient stratification in a phase-3 trial to maximize treatment benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kamata
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nei Fukasawa
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Gomisawa
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Satake
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mori
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ayaka Oda
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Mutsunori Murahashi
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Medical Center for Memory and Cognitive Disorders, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Murayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Akasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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27
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Guterres A, Abrahim M, da Costa Neves PC. The role of immune subtyping in glioma mRNA vaccine development. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:1057-1072. [PMID: 37431617 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the development of mRNA vaccines for central nervous system tumors have used gene expression profiles, clinical data and RNA sequencing from sources such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas to identify effective antigens. These studies revealed several immune subtypes of glioma, each one linked to unique prognoses and genetic/immune-modulatory changes. Potential antigens include ARPC1B, BRCA2, COL6A1, ITGB3, IDH1, LILRB2, TP53 and KDR, among others. Patients with immune-active and immune-suppressive phenotypes were found to respond better to mRNA vaccines. While these findings indicate the potential of mRNA vaccines in cancer therapy, further research is required to optimize administration and adjuvant selection, and precisely identify target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Mayla Abrahim
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina da Costa Neves
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Dai W, Liao K, Sun Q, Chen D, Pan X, Feng L, Ding Y, Wei S. The Development of Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4308. [PMID: 37686584 PMCID: PMC10486426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that poses a significant challenge for treatment in neuro-oncology, and the survival status of patients after relapse usually means rapid deterioration, thus becoming the leading cause of death among patients. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma by stimulating the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells, which could be used in combination with other treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy to improve outcomes for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. This therapy combines several key methods such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viral therapy cancer vaccines, and combination strategies. In this review, we mainly document the latest immunotherapies for the treatment of glioblastoma and especially focus on rGBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (X.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zihui Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Wufei Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Kuo Liao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Qi Sun
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Q.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Dongjiang Chen
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, USC Keck Brain Tumor Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Xingxin Pan
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Lishuang Feng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Q.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Ying Ding
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (X.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shiyou Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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29
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Zhao Z, Zheng B, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Nie C, Jiang X, Yao D, Zhao H. Integrative Analysis of Inflammatory Response-Related Gene for Predicting Prognosis and Immunotherapy in Glioma. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:608-627. [PMID: 37488455 PMCID: PMC10516783 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the development and progression of gliomas. Whereas the prognostic esteem of inflammatory response-related genes has never been comprehensively explored in glioma, the RNA-seq information and clinical data of patients with glioma were extracted from TCGA, CGGA, and Rembrandt databases. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were picked out between glioma tissue and non-tumor brain tissue (NBT). Then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was performed to construct the prognostic signature in the TCGA cohort and verified in other cohorts. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted to compare the overall survival (OS) between the high and low-risk groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were subsequently used to confirm the independent prognostic factors of OS, and then, the nomogram was established based them. Furthermore, immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, and immunotherapy were also probed and compared between high and low-risk groups. The four genes were also analyzed by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot trials between glioma tissue and NBT. The 39 DEGs were identified between glioma tissue and NBT, of which 31 genes are associated to the prognosis of glioma. The 8 optimal inflammatory response-related genes were selected to construct the prognostic inflammatory response-related signature (IRRS) through the LASSO regression. The effectiveness of the IRRS was verified in the TCGA, CGGA, and Rembrandt cohorts. Meanwhile, a nomogram with better accuracy was established to predict OS based on the independent prognostic factors. The IRRS was highly correlated with clinicopathological features, immune infiltration, and genomic alterations in glioma patients. In addition, four selective genes also verified the difference between glioma tissue and NBT. A novel prognostic signature was associated with the prognosis, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy effect in patients with gliomas. Thus, this study could provide a perspective for glioma prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Baoping Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jianglin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chuansheng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dongxiao Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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30
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Masood AB, Batool S, Bhatti SN, Ali A, Valko M, Jomova K, Kuca K. Plasma PD-L1 as a biomarker in the clinical management of glioblastoma multiforme-a retrospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202098. [PMID: 37529045 PMCID: PMC10387524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive, malignant, and therapy-resistant tumor of the brain. Blockade therapy targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand (PD-L1) axis is currently under investigation for the clinical management of the GBM. This study has quantified the plasma levels of PD-L1 as a biomarker for the clinical management of GBM. Methods A cohort (n = 128) of Pakistani adult glioblastoma patients together with age- and sex-matched healthy controls was used for quantification of pre-surgery levels of plasma PD-L1. PD-L1 protein and mRNA were measured by PD-L1 platinum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to compute area under the curve (AUC) for specificity and sensitivity analyses. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to compute overall survival. Results PD-L1 protein and mRNA were significantly higher in GBM compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Mean PD-L1 concentration for the GBM was found to be 48.98 ± 2.290 pg/ml compared to 27.63 ± 1.281 pg/ml for controls. Gene expression analysis showed statistically significant upregulation (p < 0.0001) of PD-L1 in blood of GBM compared to healthy controls. Plasma PD-L1 showed an AUC of 0.840 (p < 0.0001; 95% CI = 0.7716 to 0.9090) where a cutoff value higher than 46 pg/ml demonstrated 100% specificity and 57.81% sensitivity. Higher pre-surgery levels of PD-L1 were found to be associated with overall poor survival [p < 0.0001; HR (log-rank) = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.15]. Age, gender, and ethnic background were not found to be associated with plasma PD-L1 levels. Conclusion The study concludes that blood-based measurements of PD-L1 in GBM can be a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target besides a rapid and relatively non-invasive screening tool for routine clinical management. Future work extending the analysis to larger cohorts through multi-center collaborations involving pre-treatment and post-treatment groups is required to fully explore the usefulness of circulating PD-L1 for effective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aetsam Bin Masood
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Nazir Bhatti
- Neurosurgery Department, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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Jiang T, Wang X, Huang J, Chen D. CDC42-A promising immune-related target in glioma. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1192766. [PMID: 37476838 PMCID: PMC10354248 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1192766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the worst prognostic neoplasm in the central nervous system. A polarity-regulating GTPase in cells, known as cell division cycle 42 (CdC42), has been proven to have its overactivation tightly connected to high tumor malignancy. The RNA-seq and protein expression of CDC42 in tumor and comparison tissues were analyzed based on the online tools; CDC42 was remarkably boosted in tumor tissues compared to normal controls. A total of 600 patients in the analysis set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 657 patients in the validation set from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were adopted. The expression of CDC42 in clinical features and biological functions of glioma was analyzed, including differential expression analysis, survival analysis, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and immune infiltration analysis. The enrichment of CDC42 was shown to be strongly associated with poor prognosis and terrible clinical indexes of glioma, including higher World Health Organization scale grade, wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 expression, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase non-methylated status, and 1p19q non-codeletion status (p < 0.0001). Functional enrichment analysis showed that CDC42 was highly correlated with immune and inflammatory responses in glioma. Additionally, the concentration extent of CDC42 was closely related to immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, and regulatory T (Treg) cell markers (CD4, CD25, and CD127). All evidence suggested that CDC42 may be a potential target for glioma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Yao G, Deng L, Long X, Zhou Y, Zhou X. An integrated bioinformatic investigation of focal adhesion-related genes in glioma followed by preliminary validation of COL1A2 in tumorigenesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6225-6254. [PMID: 37354488 PMCID: PMC10373961 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) allow cells to contact the extracellular matrix, helping to maintain tension and enabling signal transmission in cell migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition, FAs are associated with changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that lead to malignant progression and drug resistance in tumors. However, there are still few studies on the comprehensive analysis of focal adhesion-related genes (FARGs) in glioma. Expression data and clinical information of glioma samples were downloaded from public databases. Two distinct molecular subtypes were identified based on FARGs using an unsupervised consensus clustering algorithm. A scoring system consisting of nine FARGs was constructed using integrated LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression. It not only has outstanding prognostic value but also can guide immunotherapy of glioma patients, which was verified in TCGA, CGGA, GSE16011, and IMvigor210 cohorts. The results of bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemistry staining, and western blotting all revealed that the expression of COL1A2 was up-regulated in glioblastoma and related to poor prognosis outcomes in patients from public datasets. COL1A2 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. A positive correlation between COL1A2 and CD8 was determined in GBM specimens from eight patients. Moreover, the results of cell co-cultured assay showed that COL1A2 participated in the killing of GBM cells by Jurkat cells. Our study indicates that the FARGs have prominent application value in the identification of molecular subtypes and prediction of survival outcomes in glioma patients. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification provide a direction for further research on FARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Fuzhou City, Fuzhou 344099, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Ling Deng
- College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344099, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xinquan Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Fuzhou City, Fuzhou 344099, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yufan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Fuzhou City, Fuzhou 344099, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Fuzhou City, Fuzhou 344099, Jiangxi, P.R. China
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Rocha Pinheiro SL, Lemos FFB, Marques HS, Silva Luz M, de Oliveira Silva LG, Faria Souza Mendes dos Santos C, da Costa Evangelista K, Calmon MS, Sande Loureiro M, Freire de Melo F. Immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment: Current state and future prospects. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:138-159. [PMID: 37124134 PMCID: PMC10134201 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i4.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains as the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor, standing with a poor prognosis and treatment prospective. Despite the aggressive standard care, such as surgical resection and chemoradiation, median survival rates are low. In this regard, immunotherapeutic strategies aim to become more attractive for glioblastoma, considering its recent advances and approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status and progress in immunotherapy for glioblastoma, going through the fundamental knowledge on immune targeting to promising strategies, such as Chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine-based treatment, oncolytic virus and vaccine-based techniques. At last, it is discussed innovative methods to overcome diverse challenges, and future perspectives in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sande Loureiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Zheng J, Wang L, Zhao S, Zhang W, Chang Y, Dheer A, Gao S, Xu S, Ayasoufi K, Al-kharboosh R, Xie M, Johnson AJ, Dong H, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Wu LJ. TREM2 mediates MHCII-associated CD4 + T cell response against gliomas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.05.535697. [PMID: 37066234 PMCID: PMC10104080 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) was recently highlighted as a novel immune suppressive marker in peripheral tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize TREM2 expression in gliomas and investigate its contribution in glioma progression by using Trem2-/- mouse line. Our results showed that higher TREM2 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. Unexpectedly, TREM2 deficiency did not have a beneficial effect in a pre-clinical model of glioma. The increased TREM2 expression in glioma was likely due to increased myeloid cell infiltration, as evidenced by our single-cell analysis showing that almost all microglia and macrophages in gliomas were TREM2+. Furthermore, we found that deficiency of TREM2 impaired tumor-myeloid phagocytosis and MHCII presentation, and significantly reduced CD4+ T cells in tumor hemispheres. Our results revealed a previously unrecognized protective role of tumor-myeloid TREM2 in promoting MHCII-associated CD4+ T cell response against gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aastha Dheer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shan Gao
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shengze Xu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Rawan Al-kharboosh
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Manling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Zou H, Mou X, Zhu B. Combining of Oncolytic Virotherapy and Other Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Cancer: A Powerful Functionalization Tactic. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200094. [PMID: 36618103 PMCID: PMC9818137 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have found a good place in the treatment of cancer. Administering oncolytic viruses directly or by applying genetic changes can be effective in cancer treatment through the lysis of tumor cells and, in some cases, by inducing immune system responses. Moreover, oncolytic viruses induce antitumor immune responses via releasing tumor antigens in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and affect tumor cell growth and metabolism. Despite the success of virotherapy in cancer therapies, there are several challenges and limitations, such as immunosuppressive TME, lack of effective penetration into tumor tissue, low efficiency in hypoxia, antiviral immune responses, and off-targeting. Evidence suggests that oncolytic viruses combined with cancer immunotherapy-based methods such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies can effectively overcome these challenges. This review summarizes the latest data on the use of oncolytic viruses for the treatment of cancer and the challenges of this method. Additionally, the effectiveness of mono, dual, and triple therapies using oncolytic viruses and other anticancer agents has been discussed based on the latest findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zou
- Department of Critical CareFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xiao‐Zhou Mou
- General SurgeryCancer CenterDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College)Hangzhou310014China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhou310014China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Critical CareFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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Tran TAT, Kim YH, Kim GE, Jung S, Kim IY, Moon KS, Kim YJ, Lee TK, Yun H, Lee JJ, Lee HJ, Lee CW, Jung TY. The long multi-epitope peptide vaccine combined with adjuvants improved the therapeutic effects in a glioblastoma mouse model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007285. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data have suggested that single short peptides have limited success as a cancer vaccine; however, extending the short peptides into longer multi-epitope peptides overcame the immune tolerance and induced an immune response. Moreover, the combination of adjuvants such as lenalidomide and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) with a peptide vaccine showed potential vaccine effects in previous studies. Therefore, the effects of a long multi-epitope peptide vaccine in combination with lenalidomide and anti-PD1 were analyzed in this study. Long multi-epitope peptides from two MHCI peptides (BIRC597-104 and EphA2682-689) and the pan-human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) binding epitope (PADRE) were synthesized. The therapeutic effects of long multi-epitope peptides in combination with lenalidomide and anti-PD1 were confirmed in the murine GL261 intracranial glioma model. Immune cells’ distribution and responses to the long multi-epitope peptides in combination with these adjuvants were also estimated in the spleens, lymph nodes, and tumor tissues. The difference between long multi-epitope peptides and a cocktail of multi-epitope peptides combined with lenalidomide and anti-PD1 was also clarified. As a result, long multi-epitope peptides combined with lenalidomide and anti-PD1 prolonged the survival of mice according to the suppression of tumor growth in an intracranial mouse model. While long multi-epitope peptides combined with these adjuvants enhanced the percentages of activated and memory effector CD8+ T cells, the increase in percentages of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was observed in a cocktail of multi-epitope peptides combined with lenalidomide and anti-PD1 group in the tumors. Long multi-epitope peptides combined with these adjuvants also enhanced the function of immune cells according to the enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity against GL261 cells in ex vivo. In conclusion, long multi-epitope peptides composed of MHCI peptides, BIRC5 and EphA2, and the MHCII peptide, PADRE, in combination with lenalidomide and anti-PD1 has the potential to improve the therapeutic effects of a vaccine against GBM.
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Jiang H, Sun Z, Li F, Chen Q. Prognostic value of γ‐aminobutyric acidergic synapse-associated signature for lower-grade gliomas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:983569. [PMID: 36405708 PMCID: PMC9668880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synapse-associated proteins (SAPs) play important roles in central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Recent studies have reported that γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) synapses also play critical roles in the development of gliomas. However, biomarkers of GABAergic synapses in low-grade gliomas (LGGs) have not yet been reported. Methods mRNA data from normal brain tissue and gliomas were obtained from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, respectively. A validation dataset was also obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. The expression patterns of GABAergic synapse-related genes (GSRGs) were evaluated with difference analysis in LGGs. Then, a GABAergic synapse-related risk signature (GSRS) was constructed with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. According to the expression value and coefficients of identified GSRGs, the risk scores of all LGG samples were calculated. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate related risk scores for prognostic ability. Correlations between characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and risk scores were explored with single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and immunity profiles in LGGs. The GSRS-related pathways were investigated by gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Real-time PCR and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database were applied to explore related expression of hub genes selected in the GSRS. Results Compared with normal brain samples, 25 genes of 31 GSRGs were differentially expressed in LGG samples. A constructed five-gene GSRS was related to clinicopathological features and prognosis of LGGs by the LASSO algorithm. It was shown that the risk score level was positively related to the infiltrating level of native CD4 T cells and activated dendritic cells. GSVA identified several cancer-related pathways associated with the GSRS, such as P53 pathways and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Additionally, CA2, PTEN, OXTR, and SLC6A1 (hub genes identified in the GSRS) were regarded as the potential predictors in LGGs. Conclusion A new five-gene GSRS was identified and verified by bioinformatics methods. The GSRS provides a new perspective in LGG that may contribute to more accurate prediction of prognosis of LGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Li, ; Qianxue Chen,
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Li, ; Qianxue Chen,
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Ronk H, Rosenblum JS, Kung T, Zhuang Z. Targeting PP2A for cancer therapeutic modulation. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:1428-1439. [PMID: 36342229 PMCID: PMC9630519 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatases play essential roles as negative regulators of kinases and signaling cascades involved in cytoskeletal organization. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is highly conserved and is the predominant serine/threonine phosphatase in the nervous system, constituting more than 70% of all neuronal phosphatases. PP2A is involved in diverse regulatory functions, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Although PP2A has historically been identified as a tumor suppressor, inhibition of PP2A has paradoxically demonstrated potential as a therapeutic target for various cancers. LB100, a water-soluble, small-molecule competitive inhibitor of PP2A, has shown particular promise as a chemo- and radio-sensitizing agent. Preclinical success has led to a profusion of clinical trials on LB100 adjuvant therapies, including a phase I trial in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, a phase I/II trial in myelodysplastic syndrome, a phase II trial in recurrent glioblastoma, and a completed phase I trial assessing the safety of LB100 and docetaxel in various relapsed solid tumors. Herein, we review the development of LB100, the role of PP2A in cancer biology, and recent advances in targeting PP2A inhibition in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halle Ronk
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jared S. Rosenblum
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy Kung
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Han M, Sun Y, Zhao W, Xiang G, Wang X, Jiang Z, Xue Z, Zhou W. Comprehensive characterization of TNFSF14/LIGHT with implications in prognosis and immunotherapy of human gliomas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025286. [PMID: 36341396 PMCID: PMC9632349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common central neural system malignant tumor among adults. Alongside its microscopic spread, immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment also induces its refractoriness, which makes immunotherapy for GBM particularly important. Unfortunately, traditional immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) often show limited therapeutic effects in GBM clinical trials, and new therapeutic strategies or targets are urgently needed. TNFSF14/LIGHT is a novel immune checkpoint molecule that plays essential roles in both innate and acquired immunity. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the function of TNFSF14/LIGHT in a variety of cancer types, the clinical and immunological importance of TNFSF14/LIGHT in human gliomas has not been fully explained. Here, we employed a comprehensive in silico analysis with publicly available data to analyze the molecular and immune characteristics of TNFSF14/LIGHT to explore its feasibility as an immunotherapy target. Totally, 2215 glioma cases were enrolled in the current study. Immunohistochemistry staining based on patient tissues (n = 34) was performed for the validation. TNFSF14/LIGHT was expressed higher in higher-WHO-grade gliomas and mesenchymal subtypes, and it was sensitive as a prognostic marker in GBM and low-grade glioma (LGG). A nomogram prognostic model was established based on TNFSF14/LIGHT expression together with other risk factors. Additionally, Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that TNFSF14/LIGHT participated in T-cell activities and inflammatory processes. Moreover, analysis based on the structure and interactions of TNFSF14/LIGHT revealed its mutation sites in tumors as well as crucial interacting proteins. Analysis of IMvigor210 indicated the role of TNFSF14/LIGHT in immunotherapy. Altogether, our results reveal an underlying role of TNFSF14/LIGHT as an immunotherapy target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Jiang H, Li F, Cai L, Chen Q. Role of the TSPO–NOX4 axis in angiogenesis in glioblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1001588. [PMID: 36278207 PMCID: PMC9585329 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Angiogenesis is a pathological feature of glioblastoma. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a vital source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related to angiogenesis. However, signaling pathways correlated with the isoform oxidase are unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the detailed mechanism of the role of NOX4 in angiogenesis in glioblastoma. Methods: Public datasets were searched for studies on immunohistochemistry and western blotting to evaluate NOX4 expression in glioma. The location of NOX4 expression was detected by immunofluorescence. We conducted conditional deletion of the translocator protein (TSPO) targeting the protein with the synthetic ligand XBD173 in the glioblastoma mouse model. NOX4 downregulation was conducted with the NOX4 inhibitor GLX351322, and ROS production and angiogenesis were detected in glioma tissues. Results: Clinical samples and public datasets showed that NOX4 was upregulated and associated with the prognosis. NOX4 is mainly expressed in endothelial cells of glioblastoma. Both TSPO and NOX4 promoted angiogenesis in an ROS-dependent manner, suggesting that TSPO triggered ROS production in glioblastoma via NOX4. Conclusion: These results showed that TSPO is an upstream target of NOX4-derived mitochondrial ROS, which is indispensable for NOX4-derived mitochondrial ROS-induced angiogenesis in glioblastoma. TSPO–NOX4 signaling could serve as a molecular target for therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linzhi Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Linzhi Cai, ; Qianxue Chen,
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Linzhi Cai, ; Qianxue Chen,
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Hou J, Wen X, Lu Z, Wu G, Yang G, Tang C, Qu G, Xu Y. A novel T-cell proliferation-associated regulator signature pre-operatively predicted the prognostic of bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970949. [PMID: 36211359 PMCID: PMC9539738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BCa) is a remarkably malignant and heterogeneous neoplastic disease, and its prognosis prediction is still challenging. Even with the mounting researches on the mechanisms of tumor immunotherapy, the prognostic value of T-cell proliferation regulators in bladder cancer remains elusive. Methods Herein, we collected mRNA expression profiles and relevant clinical information of bladder cancer sufferers from a publicly available data base. Then, the LASSO Cox regression model was utilized to establish a multi-gene signature for the TCGA cohort to predict the prognosis and staging of bladder cancer. Eventually, the predictive power of the model was validated by randomized grouping. Results The outcomes revealed that most genes related to T-cell proliferation in the TCGA cohort exhibited different expressions between BCa cells and neighboring healthy tissues. Univariable Cox regressive analyses showed that four DEGs were related to OS in bladder cancer patients (p<0.05). We constructed a histogram containing four clinical characteristics and separated sufferers into high- and low-risk groups. High-risk sufferers had remarkably lower OS compared with low-risk sufferers (P<0.001). Eventually, the predictive power of the signature was verified by ROC curve analyses, and similar results were obtained in the validation cohort. Functional analyses were also completed, which showed the enrichment of immune-related pathways and different immune status in the two groups. Moreover, by single-cell sequencing, our team verified that CXCL12, a T-lymphocyte proliferation regulator, influenced bladder oncogenesis and progression by depleting T-lymphocyte proliferation in the tumor microenvironment, thus promoting tumor immune evasion. Conclusion This study establishes a novel T cell proliferation-associated regulator signature which can be used for the prognostic prediction of bladder cancer. The outcomes herein facilitate the studies on T-cell proliferation and its immune micro-environment to ameliorate prognoses and immunotherapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hou
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hongkong-Shenzhen Hosipital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyang Wen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hongkong-Shenzhen Hosipital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenquan Lu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hongkong-Shenzhen Hosipital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hongkong-Shenzhen Hosipital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Genyi Qu
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Genyi Qu,
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
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Franson A, McClellan BL, Varela ML, Comba A, Syed MF, Banerjee K, Zhu Z, Gonzalez N, Candolfi M, Lowenstein P, Castro MG. Development of immunotherapy for high-grade gliomas: Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:966458. [PMID: 36186781 PMCID: PMC9515652 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.966458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The preclinical and clinical development of novel immunotherapies for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is advancing at a rapid pace. High-grade gliomas (HGG) are aggressive tumors with poor prognoses in both adult and pediatric patients, and innovative and effective therapies are greatly needed. The use of cytotoxic chemotherapies has marginally improved survival in some HGG patient populations. Although several challenges exist for the successful development of immunotherapies for CNS tumors, recent insights into the genetic alterations that define the pathogenesis of HGG and their direct effects on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may allow for a more refined and targeted therapeutic approach. This review will focus on the TME in HGG, the genetic drivers frequently found in these tumors and their effect on the TME, the development of immunotherapy for HGG, and the practical challenges in clinical trials employing immunotherapy for HGG. Herein, we will discuss broadly the TME and immunotherapy development in HGG, with a specific focus on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) as well as additional discussion in the context of the pediatric HGG diagnoses of diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and diffuse hemispheric glioma (DHG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Franson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brandon L. McClellan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria Luisa Varela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Comba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mohammad Faisal Syed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Biosciences Initiative in Brain Cancer, Biointerface Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria Graciela Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Biosciences Initiative in Brain Cancer, Biointerface Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Sareen H, Ma Y, Becker TM, Roberts TL, de Souza P, Powter B. Molecular Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168835. [PMID: 36012105 PMCID: PMC9408540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis that needs better treatment modalities. Moreover, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers to predict the response and outcome of current or newly designed therapies. While several molecular markers have been proposed as potential biomarkers for GBM, their uptake into clinical settings is slow and impeded by marker heterogeneity. Detailed assessment of prognostic and predictive value for biomarkers in well-defined clinical trial settings, if available, is scattered throughout the literature. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic and predictive significance of clinically relevant molecular biomarkers in GBM patients. Material and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to retrieve publications from 3 databases (Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase) from January 2010 to December 2021, using specific terms. The combined hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to evaluate the association of biomarkers with overall survival (OS) in GBM patients. Results: Twenty-six out of 1831 screened articles were included in this review. Nineteen articles were included in the meta-analyses, and 7 articles were quantitatively summarised. Fourteen studies with 1231 GBM patients showed a significant association of MGMT methylation with better OS with the pooled HR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.32−2.09, p < 0.0001, random effect). Five studies including 541 GBM patients analysed for the prognostic significance of IDH1 mutation showed significantly better OS in patients with IDH1 mutation with a pooled HR of 2.37 (95% CI 1.81−3.12; p < 0.00001]. Meta-analysis performed on 5 studies including 575 GBM patients presenting with either amplification or high expression of EGFR gene did not reveal any prognostic significance with a pooled HR of 1.31 (95% CI 0.96−1.79; p = 0.08). Conclusions: MGMT promoter methylation and IDH1 mutation are significantly associated with better OS in GBM patients. No significant associations were found between EGFR amplification or overexpression with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Sareen
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-0406937108
| | - Yafeng Ma
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Therese M. Becker
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Tara L. Roberts
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- South-Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Branka Powter
- Centre for Circulating Tumour Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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Poot E, Maguregui A, Brunton VG, Sieger D, Hulme AN. Targeting Glioblastoma through Nano- and Micro-particle-Mediated Immune Modulation. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 72:116913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Vilar JB, Christmann M, Tomicic MT. Alterations in Molecular Profiles Affecting Glioblastoma Resistance to Radiochemotherapy: Where Does the Good Go? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102416. [PMID: 35626024 PMCID: PMC9139489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a type of brain cancer that remains incurable. Despite multiple past and ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials, involving adjuvants to the conventional therapy and based on molecular targeting, no relevant benefit for patients’ survival has been achieved so far. The current first-line treatment regimen is based on ionizing radiation and the monoalkylating compound, temozolomide, and has been administered for more than 15 years. Glioblastoma is extremely resistant to most agents due to a mutational background that elicits quick response to insults and adapts to microenvironmental and metabolic changes. Here, we present the most recent evidence concerning the molecular features and their alterations governing pathways involved in GBM response to the standard radio-chemotherapy and discuss how they collaborate with acquired GBM’s resistance. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a brain tumor characterized by high heterogeneity, diffuse infiltration, aggressiveness, and formation of recurrences. Patients with this kind of tumor suffer from cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems, beyond exhibiting dismal survival rates. Current treatment comprises surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with the methylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ). GBMs harbor intrinsic mutations involving major pathways that elicit the cells to evade cell death, adapt to the genotoxic stress, and regrow. Ionizing radiation and TMZ induce, for the most part, DNA damage repair, autophagy, stemness, and senescence, whereas only a small fraction of GBM cells undergoes treatment-induced apoptosis. Particularly upon TMZ exposure, most of the GBM cells undergo cellular senescence. Increased DNA repair attenuates the agent-induced cytotoxicity; autophagy functions as a pro-survival mechanism, protecting the cells from damage and facilitating the cells to have energy to grow. Stemness grants the cells capacity to repopulate the tumor, and senescence triggers an inflammatory microenvironment favorable to transformation. Here, we highlight this mutational background and its interference with the response to the standard radiochemotherapy. We discuss the most relevant and recent evidence obtained from the studies revealing the molecular mechanisms that lead these cells to be resistant and indicate some future perspectives on combating this incurable tumor.
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Afonso M, Brito MA. Therapeutic Options in Neuro-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5351. [PMID: 35628161 PMCID: PMC9140894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in neuro-oncology is understanding the complexity of central nervous system tumors, such as gliomas, in order to develop suitable therapeutics. Conventional therapies in malignant gliomas reconcile surgery and radiotherapy with the use of chemotherapeutic options such as temozolomide, chloroethyl nitrosoureas and the combination therapy of procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine. With the unraveling of deregulated cancer cell signaling pathways, targeted therapies have been developed. The most affected signaling pathways in glioma cells involve tyrosine kinase receptors and their downstream pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (MAPK). MAPK pathway inhibitors include farnesyl transferase inhibitors, Ras kinase inhibitors and mitogen-activated protein extracellular regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitors, while PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors are divided into pan-inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors and AKT inhibitors. The relevance of the immune system in carcinogenesis has led to the development of immunotherapy, through vaccination, blocking of immune checkpoints, oncolytic viruses, and adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor T cells. In this article we provide a comprehensive review of the signaling pathways underlying malignant transformation, the therapies currently used in the treatment of malignant gliomas and further explore therapies under development, including several ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Afonso
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Jiang Y, Ji Q, Long X, Wang P, Tu Z, Zhang X, Zhu X, Huang K, Li J. CLCF1 Is a Novel Potential Immune-Related Target With Predictive Value for Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Glioma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810832. [PMID: 35265072 PMCID: PMC8898905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1) has been described as an oncogene and a potential therapeutic target in a variety of cancers, but its role in glioma remains unknown. Methods Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we conducted a bioinformatics analysis to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of CLCF1 in glioma at the transcriptional level and predicted the response to immunotherapy of glioma patients with different CLCF1 expression levels. All the results were further verified in Chinese Glioma Genome Altas(CGGA) Data processing and figure generating were performed with R language. Results Elevated CLCF1 expression was common in cancers and usually predicted poor prognosis, which was also consistent with gliomas. In Univariate Cox Regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, tumor patients with higher CLCF1 expression tended to experience a worse prognosis. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, the expression of CLCF1 was an independent prognostic factor in gliomas. The biological function analysis of CLCF1 in glioma showed that CLCF1 was closely associated with immune signatures, including immune-related pathways, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoints. Moreover, glioma patients with low CLCF1 expression showed a greater tendency to respond to anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, indicating CLCF1 also had potential clinical significance in guiding immunotherapy. And CLCF1 as a member of the IL6 family had a better predictive value for prognosis and immunotherapy response in glioma than that of IL6 and other IL6 family members. Conclusion CLCF1 expression is an independent prognosticator and a promising therapeutic target correlated with immunotherapy in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiankun Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zewei Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Pająk B. Looking for the Holy Grail—Drug Candidates for Glioblastoma Multiforme Chemotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051001. [PMID: 35625738 PMCID: PMC9138518 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest and the most heterogeneous brain cancer. The median survival time of GBM patients is approximately 8 to 15 months after initial diagnosis. GBM development is determined by numerous signaling pathways and is considered one of the most challenging and complicated-to-treat cancer types. Standard GBM therapy consist of surgery followed by radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and combined treatment. Current standard of care (SOC) does not offer a significant chance for GBM patients to combat cancer, and the selection of available drugs is limited. For almost 20 years, there has been only one drug, Temozolomide (TMZ), approved as a first-line GBM treatment. Due to the limited efficacy of TMZ and the high rate of resistant patients, the implementation of new chemotherapeutics is highly desired. However, due to the unique properties of GBM, many challenges still need to be overcome before reaching a ‘breakthrough’. This review article describes the most recent compounds introduced into clinical trials as drug candidates for GBM chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pająk
- Independent Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
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49
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Bi Y, Wu ZH, Cao F. Prognostic value and immune relevancy of a combined autophagy-, apoptosis- and necrosis-related gene signature in glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:233. [PMID: 35241019 PMCID: PMC8892733 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the most malignant and devastating intracranial tumor without effective treatment. Autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis, three classically known cell death pathways, can provide novel clinical and immunological insights, which may assist in designing personalized therapeutics. In this study, we developed and validated an effective signature based on autophagy-, apoptosis- and necrosis-related genes for prognostic implications in GBM patients. Methods Variations in the expression of genes involved in autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis were explored in 518 GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to construct a combined prognostic signature. Kaplan–Meier survival, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Cox regression analyses based on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were conducted to estimate the independent prognostic performance of the gene signature. The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset was used for external validation. Finally, we investigated the differences in the immune microenvironment between different prognostic groups and predicted potential compounds targeting each group. Results A 16-gene cell death index (CDI) was established. Patients were clustered into either the high risk or the low risk groups according to the CDI score, and those in the low risk group presented significantly longer OS and PFS than the high CDI group. ROC curves demonstrated outstanding performance of the gene signature in both the training and validation groups. Furthermore, immune cell analysis identified higher infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, Treg, T helper cells, and aDCs, and lower infiltration of B cells in the high CDI group. Interestingly, this group also showed lower expression levels of immune checkpoint molecules PDCD1 and CD200, and higher expression levels of PDCD1LG2, CD86, CD48 and IDO1. Conclusion Our study proposes that the CDI signature can be utilized as a prognostic predictor and may guide patients’ selection for preferential use of immunotherapy in GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09328-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zeng-Hong Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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A novel PI3K inhibitor XH30 suppresses orthotopic glioblastoma and brain metastasis in mice models. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:774-786. [PMID: 35256946 PMCID: PMC8897175 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is carcinogenesis of glial cells in central nervous system and has the highest incidence among primary brain tumors. Brain metastasis, such as breast cancer and lung cancer, also leads to high mortality. The available medicines are limited due to blood–brain barrier. Abnormal activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) signaling pathway is prevalent in glioblastoma and metastatic tumors. Here, we characterized a 2-amino-4-methylquinazoline derivative XH30 as a potent PI3K inhibitor with excellent anti-tumor activity against human glioblastoma. XH30 significantly repressed the proliferation of various brain cancer cells and decreased the phosphorylation of key proteins of PI3K signaling pathway, induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase as well. Additionally, XH30 inhibited the migration of glioma cells and blocked the activation of PI3K pathway by interleukin-17A (IL-17A), which increased the migration of U87MG. Oral administration of XH30 significantly suppressed the tumor growth in both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models. XH30 also repressed tumor growth in brain metastasis models of lung cancers. Moreover, XH30 reduced IL-17A and its receptor IL-17RA in vivo. These results indicate that XH30 might be a potential therapeutic drug candidate for glioblastoma migration and brain metastasis.
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