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Wang S, Zhou H, Cui W, Zhang J, Wu D, Zhang N, Xu X. Qi Wei Anti-burn Tincture Remodels Liver Metabolic Pathways and Treats Burn Wounds Efficiently. J Burn Care Res 2024; 45:916-925. [PMID: 36402740 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This work aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Qi Wei anti-burn Tincture (QW) on wound healing in burnt mice using metabolomics and molecular biology techniques. A scald model was first established in Kunming mice. After treatment, biochemical indicators for liver function and burnt skin tissues were then evaluated via biochemical detection and HE staining, respectively. Liver tissues were further analyzed for differential metabolites, inflammatory factors, and mRNA levels of cytokines using metabolomics and molecular biology techniques. Involved metabolic pathways were also identified using software. QW treatment did promote the healing of the burn wounds in Kunming mice with a downregulation of ALP, ALT, and AST to normal levels. In mouse liver tissue, the contents of glutamine, aspartic acid, and citrulline were significantly reduced, while the contents of 5-hydroxyproline, taurine, hypotaurine, and glutamic acid significantly increased. These major differential compounds are involved in the arginine metabolic pathway, nitrogen excretion, and the metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine, suggesting that QW reprogramed the above metabolic processes in the liver. Furthermore, the application of QW increased the expression of TGF-β1 and FGF-2 and reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and reactive oxygen species in the liver of mice induced by burn injury. This study found that QW treatment promoted metabolic pathway remodeling in the liver, which might be a potential mechanism for QW to treat burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, P. R. China
| | - Deqiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, P. R. China
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, P. R. China
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Rousseau AF, Martindale R. Nutritional and metabolic modulation of inflammation in critically ill patients: a narrative review of rationale, evidence and grey areas. Ann Intensive Care 2024; 14:121. [PMID: 39088114 PMCID: PMC11294317 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-024-01350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is the hallmark of critical illness and triggers the neuro-endocrine stress response and an oxidative stress. Acute inflammation is initially essential for patient's survival. However, ongoing or exaggerated inflammation, due to persistent organ dysfunction, immune dysfunction or poor inflammation resolution, is associated to subsequent hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism that severely impact short and long-term functional status, autonomy, as well as health-related costs. Modulation of inflammation is thus tempting, with the goal to improve the short- and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients. FINDINGS Inflammation can be modulated by nutritional strategies (including the timing of enteral nutrition initiation, the provision of some specific macronutrients or micronutrients, the use of probiotics) and metabolic treatments. The most interesting strategies seem to be n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, antioxidant micronutrients and propranolol, given their safety, their accessibility for clinical use, and their benefits in clinical studies in the specific context of critical care. However, the optimal doses, timing and route of administration are still unknown for most of them. Furthermore, their use in the recovery phase is not well studied and defined. CONCLUSION The rationale to use strategies of inflammation modulation is obvious, based on critical illness pathophysiology and based on the increasingly described effects of some nutritional and pharmacological strategies. Regretfully, there isn't always substantial proof from clinical research regarding the positive impacts directly brought about by inflammation modulation. Some arguments come from studies performed in severe burn patients, but such results should be transposed to non-burn patients with caution. Further studies are needed to explore how the modulation of inflammation can improve the long-term outcomes after a critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Françoise Rousseau
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1/B35, Liège, B-4000, Belgium.
- GIGA-I3 Thematic Unit, Inflammation and Enhanced Rehabilitation Laboratory (Intensive Care), GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Robert Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
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Srdić T, Đurašević S, Lakić I, Ružičić A, Vujović P, Jevđović T, Dakić T, Đorđević J, Tosti T, Glumac S, Todorović Z, Jasnić N. From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Therapy: Understanding Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7770. [PMID: 39063011 PMCID: PMC11277140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction arises from the highly complex pathophysiology encompassing the interplay of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, cellular energy failure, and dysbiosis. Over the past decades, numerous studies have been dedicated to elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of sepsis in order to develop effective treatments. Current research underscores liver and cardiac dysfunction, along with acute lung and kidney injuries, as predominant causes of mortality in sepsis patients. This understanding of sepsis-induced organ failure unveils potential therapeutic targets for sepsis treatment. Various novel therapeutics, including melatonin, metformin, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), certain herbal extracts, and gut microbiota modulators, have demonstrated efficacy in different sepsis models. In recent years, the research focus has shifted from anti-inflammatory and antioxidative agents to exploring the modulation of energy metabolism and gut microbiota in sepsis. These approaches have shown a significant impact in preventing multiple organ damage and mortality in various animal sepsis models but require further clinical investigation. The accumulation of this knowledge enriches our understanding of sepsis and is anticipated to facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Srdić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (S.Đ.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (P.V.); (T.J.); (T.D.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (S.Đ.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (P.V.); (T.J.); (T.D.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Iva Lakić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (S.Đ.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (P.V.); (T.J.); (T.D.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Aleksandra Ružičić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (S.Đ.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (P.V.); (T.J.); (T.D.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Predrag Vujović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (S.Đ.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (P.V.); (T.J.); (T.D.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Tanja Jevđović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (S.Đ.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (P.V.); (T.J.); (T.D.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Tamara Dakić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (S.Đ.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (P.V.); (T.J.); (T.D.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Jelena Đorđević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (S.Đ.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (P.V.); (T.J.); (T.D.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Tomislav Tosti
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sofija Glumac
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.G.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zoran Todorović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.G.); (Z.T.)
| | - Nebojša Jasnić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (S.Đ.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (P.V.); (T.J.); (T.D.); (J.Đ.)
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Xu Y, Bai L, Yang X, Huang J, Wang J, Wu X, Shi J. Recent advances in anti-inflammation via AMPK activation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33670. [PMID: 39040381 PMCID: PMC11261115 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex physiological phenomenon, which is the body's defensive response, but abnormal inflammation can have adverse effects, and many diseases are related to the inflammatory response. AMPK, as a key sensor of cellular energy status, plays a crucial role in regulating cellular energy homeostasis and glycolipid metabolism. In recent years, the anti-inflammation effect of AMPK and related signalling cascade has begun to enter everyone's field of vision - not least the impact on metabolic diseases. A great number of studies have shown that anti-inflammatory drugs work through AMPK and related pathways. Herein, this article summarises recent advances in compounds that show anti-inflammatory effects by activating AMPK and attempts to comment on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinwei Yang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianli Huang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianbo Wu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Lu SM, Yang B, Tan ZB, Wang HJ, Xie JD, Xie MT, Jiang WH, Huang JZ, Li J, Zhang L, Tan YZ, Zhang JZ, Liu B, Wu WW, Zhang SW. TaoHe ChengQi decoction ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through anti-ferroptosis via the Nrf2 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155597. [PMID: 38643713 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction (SICD) is a serious complication of sepsis that is associated with increased mortality. Ferroptosis has been reported in the SICD. TaoHe ChengQi decoction (THCQD), a classical traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has multiple beneficial pharmacological effects. The potential effects of THCQD on the SICD remain unknown. PURPOSE To investigate the effect of THCQD on SICD and explore whether this effect is related to the regulation of myocardial ferroptosis through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. METHODS We induced sepsis in a mouse model using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and administered THCQD (2 and 4 g/kg) and dexamethasone (40 mg/kg). Mice mortality was recorded and survival curves were plotted. Echocardiography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and analysis of serum myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors were used to evaluate cardiac pathology. Myocardial ferroptosis was detected by quantifying specific biomarker content and protein levels. Through HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS analysis, we identified the components of the THCQD. Network pharmacology analysis and Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) were utilized to predict the targets of THCQD for treating SICD. We detected the expression of Nrf2 using Western blotting or immunofluorescence. An RSL3-induced ferroptosis model was established using neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) to further explore the pharmacological mechanism of THCQD. In addition to measuring cell viability, we observed changes in NRCM mitochondria using electron microscopy and JC-1 staining. NRF2 inhibitor ML385 and Nrf2 knockout mice were used to validate whether THCQD exerted protective effects against SICD through Nrf2-mediated ferroptosis signaling. RESULTS THCQD reduced mortality in septic mice, protected against CLP-induced myocardial injury, decreased systemic inflammatory response, and prevented myocardial ferroptosis. Network pharmacology analysis and CETSA experiments predicted that THCQD may protect against SICD by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that THCQD activated Nrf2 in cardiac tissue. THCQDs consistently mitigated RSL3-induced ferroptosis in NRCM, which is related to Nrf2. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of Nrf2 and genetic Nrf2 knockout partially reversed the protective effects of THCQD on SICD and ferroptosis. CONCLUSION The effect of THCQD on SICD was achieved by activating Nrf2 and its downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhang-Bin Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jun-di Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Meng-Ting Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Wei-Hao Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000,China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 82004112, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Shuang-Wei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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Zheng Q, Zhao J, Yuan J, Qin Y, Zhu Z, Liu J, Sun S. Delaying Renal Aging: Metformin Holds Promise as a Potential Treatment. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0168. [PMID: 39012670 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the rapid aging of the population, age-related diseases have become an excessive burden on global health care. The kidney, a crucial metabolic organ, ages relatively quickly. While the aging process itself does not directly cause kidney damage, the physiological changes that accompany it can impair the kidney's capacity for self-repair. This makes aging kidneys more susceptible to diseases, including increased risks of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Therefore, delaying the progression of renal aging and preserving the youthful vitality of the kidney are crucial for preventing kidney diseases. However, effective strategies against renal aging are still lacking due to the underlying mechanisms of renal aging, which have not been fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin has beneficial effects in mitigating renal aging. Metformin has shown promising anti-aging results in animal models but has not been tested for this purpose yet in clinical trials. These findings indicate the potential of metformin as an anti-renal aging drug. In this review, we primarily discuss the characteristics and mechanisms of kidney aging and the potential effects of metformin against renal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zheng
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinguo Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunlong Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanxin Zhu
- Department of Postgraduate Student, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Fan SY, Zhao ZC, Liu XL, Peng YG, Zhu HM, Yan SF, Liu YJ, Xie Q, Jiang Y, Zeng SZ. Metformin Mitigates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Inflammation in Young Mice by Suppressing the S100A8/A9-NLRP3-IL-1β Signaling Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3785-3799. [PMID: 38895139 PMCID: PMC11182881 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s460413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, the subsequent complications that accompany sepsis result in remarkable morbidity and mortality rates. The lung is among the vulnerable organs that incur the sepsis-linked inflammatory storm and frequently culminates into ARDS/ALI. The metformin-prescribed anti-diabetic drug has been revealed with anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to ascertain metformin's effects and functions in a young mouse model of sepsis-induced ALI. Methods Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, sham+ Met, CLP, and CLP+ Met. CLP was established as the sepsis-induced ALI model accompanied by intraperitoneal metformin treatment. At day 7, the survival state of mice was noted, including survival rate, weight, and M-CASS. Lung histological pathology and injury scores were determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The pulmonary coefficient was used to evaluate pulmonary edema. Furthermore, IL-1β, CCL3, CXCL11, S100A8, S100A9 and NLRP3 expression in tissues collected from lungs were determined by qPCR, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α by ELISA, caspase-1, ASC, NLRP3, P65, p-P65, GSDMD-F, GSDMD-N, IL-1β and S100A8/A9 by Western blot. Results The data affirmed that metformin enhanced the survival rate, lessened lung tissue injury, and diminished the expression of inflammatory factors in young mice with sepsis induced by CLP. In contrast to sham mice, the CLP mice were affirmed to manifest ALI-linked pathologies following CLP-induced sepsis. The expressions of pro-inflammatory factors, for instance, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, CXCL11, S100A8, and S100A9 are markedly enhanced by CLP, while metformin abolished this adverse effect. Western blot analyses indicated that metformin inhibited the sepsis-induced activation of GSDMD and the upregulation of S100A8/A9, NLRP3, and ASC. Conclusion Metformin could improve the survival rate, lessen lung tissue injury, and minimize the expression of inflammatory factors in young mice with sepsis induced by CLP. Metformin reduced sepsis-induced ALI via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibiting pyroptosis by the S100A8/A9-NLRP3-IL-1β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Chi Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Lv Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Gang Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Fan Yan
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Juan Liu
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Xie
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai-Zhen Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People’s Republic of China
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Plowman TJ, Christensen H, Aiges M, Fernandez E, Shah MH, Ramana KV. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Anti-Diabetic Drug Metformin in the Prevention of Inflammatory Complications and Infectious Diseases Including COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5190. [PMID: 38791227 PMCID: PMC11121530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a widely used first-line anti-diabetic therapy for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, has been shown to lower hyperglycemia levels in the blood by enhancing insulin actions. For several decades this drug has been used globally to successfully control hyperglycemia. Lactic acidosis has been shown to be a major adverse effect of metformin in some type-2 diabetic patients, but several studies suggest that it is a typically well-tolerated and safe drug in most patients. Further, recent studies also indicate its potential to reduce the symptoms associated with various inflammatory complications and infectious diseases including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These studies suggest that besides diabetes, metformin could be used as an adjuvant drug to control inflammatory and infectious diseases. In this article, we discuss the current understanding of the role of the anti-diabetic drug metformin in the prevention of various inflammatory complications and infectious diseases in both diabetics and non-diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kota V. Ramana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT 84606, USA
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9
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Ruan H, Zhang Q, Zhang YP, Li SS, Ran X. Unraveling the role of HIF-1α in sepsis: from pathophysiology to potential therapeutics-a narrative review. Crit Care 2024; 28:100. [PMID: 38539163 PMCID: PMC10976824 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated inflammatory response triggered by infection, involving multifactorial and intricate molecular mechanisms. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a notable transcription factor, assumes a pivotal role in the onset and progression of sepsis. This review aims to furnish a comprehensive overview of HIF-1α's mechanism of action in sepsis, scrutinizing its involvement in inflammatory regulation, hypoxia adaptation, immune response, and organ dysfunction. The review encompasses an analysis of the structural features, regulatory activation, and downstream signaling pathways of HIF-1α, alongside its mechanism of action in the pathophysiological processes of sepsis. Furthermore, it will delve into the roles of HIF-1α in modulating the inflammatory response, including its association with inflammatory mediators, immune cell activation, and vasodilation. Additionally, attention will be directed toward the regulatory function of HIF-1α in hypoxic environments and its linkage with intracellular signaling, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Finally, the potential therapeutic value of HIF-1α as a targeted therapy and its significance in the clinical management of sepsis will be discussed, aiming to serve as a significant reference for an in-depth understanding of sepsis pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets, as well as to establish a theoretical foundation for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ruan
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - You-Ping Zhang
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Li
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiao Ran
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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10
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Zhong H, Tang R, Feng JH, Peng YW, Xu QY, Zhou Y, He ZY, Mei SY, Xing SP. METFORMIN MITIGATES SEPSIS-ASSOCIATED PULMONARY FIBROSIS BY PROMOTING AMPK ACTIVATION AND INHIBITING HIF-1α-INDUCED AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS. Shock 2024; 61:283-293. [PMID: 38010091 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent research has revealed that aerobic glycolysis has a strong correlation with sepsis-associated pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, at present, the mechanism and pathogenesis remain unclear. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-induced aerobic glycolysis play a central role in septic pulmonary fibrogenesis. Cellular experiments demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide increased fibroblast activation through AMPK inactivation, HIF-1α induction, alongside an augmentation of aerobic glycolysis. By contrast, the effects were reversed by AMPK activation or HIF-1α inhibition. In addition, pretreatment with metformin, which is an AMPK activator, suppresses HIF-1α expression and alleviates PF associated with sepsis, which is caused by aerobic glycolysis, in mice. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α knockdown demonstrated similar protective effects in vivo . Our research implies that targeting AMPK activation and HIF-1α-induced aerobic glycolysis with metformin might be a practical and useful therapeutic alternative for sepsis-associated PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Yang Y, Tang X, Yao T, Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Pan Z. Metformin protects ovarian granulosa cells in chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure mice through AMPK/PPAR-γ/SIRT1 pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1447. [PMID: 38228655 PMCID: PMC10791659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) caused by chemotherapy is a growing concern for female reproductive health. The use of metformin (MET), which has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, in the treatment of POF damaged by chemotherapy drugs remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of MET on POF caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX) combined with busulfan (BUS) and M1 macrophages using POF model mice and primary granule cells (GCs). Our findings demonstrate that intragastric administration of MET ameliorates ovarian damage and alleviates hormonal disruption in chemotherapy-induced POF mice. This effect is achieved through the reduction of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related harm. Additionally, MET significantly relieves abnormal inflammatory response, ROS accumulation, and senescence in primary GCs co-cultured with M1 macrophages. We also observed that this protective role of MET is closely associated with the AMPK/PPAR-γ/SIRT1 pathway in cell models. In conclusion, our results suggest that MET can protect against chemotherapy-induced ovarian injury by inducing the expression of the AMPK pathway while reducing oxidative damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangting Tang
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Futian, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yao
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Zhong
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqing Wu
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurou Wang
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezheng Pan
- Faculty of Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No.461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Tao L, Zhu Y, Wu L, Liu J. Comprehensive analysis of senescence-associated genes in sepsis based on bulk and single-cell sequencing data. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1322221. [PMID: 38259686 PMCID: PMC10801732 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1322221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a pathological state resulting from dysregulated immune response in host during severe infection, leading to persistent organ dysfunction and ultimately death. Senescence-associated genes (SAGs) have manifested their potential in controlling the proliferation and dissemination of a variety of diseases. Nevertheless, the correlation between sepsis and SAGs remains obscure and requires further investigation. Methods: Two RNA expression datasets (GSE28750 and GSE57065) specifically related to sepsis were employed to filter hub SAGs, based on which a diagnostic model predictive of the incidence of sepsis was developed. The association between the expression of the SAGs identified and immune-related modules was analyzed employing Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) and Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter (MCP-counter) analysis. The identified genes in each cohort were clustered by unsupervised agreement clustering analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Results: A diagnostic model for sepsis established based on hub genes (IGFBP7, GMFG, IL10, IL18, ETS2, HGF, CD55, and MMP9) exhibited a strong clinical reliability (AUC = 0.989). Sepsis patients were randomly assigned and classified by WGCNA into two clusters with distinct immune statuses. Analysis on the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data revealed high scores of SAGs in the natural killer (NK) cells of the sepsis cohort than the healthy cohort. Conclusion: These findings suggested a close association between SAGs and sepsis alterations. The identified hub genes had potential to serve as a viable diagnostic marker for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Tao
- Gusu School of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou Clinical Medical Center of Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Kunshan Third People’s Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Gusu School of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou Clinical Medical Center of Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou, China
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13
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Li Q, Lin Y, Liang G, Xiao N, Zhang H, Yang X, Yang J, Liu A. Autophagy and Senescence: The Molecular Mechanisms and Implications in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16880. [PMID: 38069199 PMCID: PMC10706096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the primary organ accountable for complex physiological functions, including lipid metabolism, toxic chemical degradation, bile acid synthesis, and glucose metabolism. Liver function homeostasis is essential for the stability of bodily functions and is involved in the complex regulation of the balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Cell proliferation-halting mechanisms, including autophagy and senescence, are implicated in the development of several liver diseases, such as cholestasis, viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Among various cell death mechanisms, autophagy is a highly conserved and self-degradative cellular process that recycles damaged organelles, cellular debris, and proteins. This process also provides the substrate for further metabolism. A defect in the autophagy machinery can lead to premature diseases, accelerated aging, inflammatory state, tumorigenesis, and cellular senescence. Senescence, another cell death type, is an active player in eliminating premalignant cells. At the same time, senescent cells can affect the function of neighboring cells by secreting the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and induce paracrine senescence. Autophagy can promote and delay cellular senescence under different contexts. This review decodes the roles of autophagy and senescence in multiple liver diseases to achieve a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and implications of autophagy and senescence in various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anding Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan 430100, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (G.L.); (N.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
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14
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Malaekeh-Nikouei A, Shokri-Naei S, Karbasforoushan S, Bahari H, Baradaran Rahimi V, Heidari R, Askari VR. Metformin beyond an anti-diabetic agent: A comprehensive and mechanistic review on its effects against natural and chemical toxins. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115263. [PMID: 37541178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the anti-diabetic effect of metformin, a growing number of studies have shown that metformin has some exciting properties, such as anti-oxidative capabilities, anticancer, genomic stability, anti-inflammation, and anti-fibrosis, which have potent, that can treat other disorders other than diabetes mellitus. We aimed to describe and review the protective and antidotal efficacy of metformin against biologicals, chemicals, natural, medications, pesticides, and radiation-induced toxicities. A comprehensive search has been performed from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from inception to March 8, 2023. All in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies were considered. Many studies suggest that metformin affects diseases other than diabetes. It is a radioprotective and chemoprotective drug that also affects viral and bacterial diseases. It can be used against inflammation-related and apoptosis-related abnormalities and against toxins to lower their effects. Besides lowering blood sugar, metformin can attenuate the effects of toxins on body weight, inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, caspase-3 activation, cell viability and survival rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-κB, TNF-α, many interleukins, lipid profile, and many enzymes activity such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. It also can reduce the histopathological damages induced by many toxins on the kidneys, liver, and colon. However, clinical trials and human studies are needed before using metformin as a therapeutic agent against other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Malaekeh-Nikouei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Shokri-Naei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sobhan Karbasforoushan
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bahari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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A cross-talk between sestrins, chronic inflammation and cellular senescence governs the development of age-associated sarcopenia and obesity. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101852. [PMID: 36642190 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in both the lifespan and proportion of older adults is accompanied by the unprecedented rise in age-associated chronic diseases, including sarcopenia and obesity. Aging is also manifested by increased susceptibility to multiple endogenous and exogenous stresses enabling such chronic conditions to develop. Among the main physiological regulators of cellular adaption to various stress stimuli, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oxidative stress, are sestrins (Sesns), a family of three evolutionarily conserved proteins, Sesn1, 2, and 3. Age-associated sarcopenia and obesity are characterized by two key processes: (i) accumulation of senescent cells in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and (ii) creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). Presumably, failed SCLGI resolution governs the development of these chronic conditions. Noteworthy, Sesns activate senolytics, which are agents that selectively eliminate senescent cells, as well as specialized pro-resolving mediators, which are factors that physiologically provide inflammation resolution. Sesns reveal clear beneficial effects in pre-clinical models of sarcopenia and obesity. Based on these observations, we propose a novel treatment strategy for age-associated sarcopenia and obesity, complementary to the conventional therapeutic modalities: Sesn activation, SCLGI resolution, and senescent cell elimination.
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16
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Lu Y, Shi Y, Wu Q, Sun X, Zhang WZ, Xu XL, Chen W. An Overview of Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Sepsis-Related Liver Injury Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:765-779. [PMID: 36820059 PMCID: PMC9938667 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s394802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, which is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, has high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis-related liver injury is one of the manifestations of sepsis-induced multiple organ syndrome. To date, an increasing number of studies have shown that the hepatic inflammatory response, oxidative stress, microcirculation coagulation dysfunction, and bacterial translocation play extremely vital roles in the occurrence and development of sepsis-related liver injury. In the clinic, sepsis-related liver injury is mainly treated by routine empirical methods on the basis of the primary disease. However, these therapies have some shortcomings, such as serious side effects, short duration of drug effects and lack of specificity. The emergence of drug delivery nanosystems can significantly improve drug bioavailability and reduce toxic side effects. In this paper, we reviewed drug delivery nanosystems designed for the treatment of sepsis-related liver injury according to their mechanisms (hepatic inflammation response, oxidative stress, coagulation dysfunction in the microcirculation, and bacterial translocation). Although much promising progress has been achieved, translation into clinical practice is still difficult. To this end, we also discussed the key issues currently facing this field, including immune system rejection and single treatment modalities. Finally, with the rigorous optimization of nanotechnology and the deepening of research, drug delivery nanosystems have great potential for the treatment of sepsis-related liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wu
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Sun
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhen Zhang
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Xiao-Ling Xu, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, 8 Shuren Street, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Wei Chen
- ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Wei Chen, ICU, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South WanPing Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-64385700-3522, Email
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17
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Marra PS, Yamanashi T, Crutchley KJ, Wahba NE, Anderson ZEM, Modukuri M, Chang G, Tran T, Iwata M, Cho HR, Shinozaki G. Metformin use history and genome-wide DNA methylation profile: potential molecular mechanism for aging and longevity. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:601-616. [PMID: 36734879 PMCID: PMC9970305 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, a commonly prescribed anti-diabetic medication, has repeatedly been shown to hinder aging in pre-clinical models and to be associated with lower mortality for humans. It is, however, not well understood how metformin can potentially prolong lifespan from a biological standpoint. We hypothesized that metformin's potential mechanism of action for longevity is through its epigenetic modifications. METHODS To test our hypothesis, we conducted a post-hoc analysis of available genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) data obtained from whole blood collected from inpatients with and without a history of metformin use. We assessed the methylation profile of 171 patients (first run) and only among 63 diabetic patients (second run) and compared the DNAm rates between metformin users and nonusers. RESULTS Enrichment analysis from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) showed pathways relevant to metformin's mechanism of action, such as longevity, AMPK, and inflammatory pathways. We also identified several pathways related to delirium whose risk factor is aging. Moreover, top hits from the Gene Ontology (GO) included HIF-1α pathways. However, no individual CpG site showed genome-wide statistical significance (p < 5E-08). CONCLUSION This study may elucidate metformin's potential role in longevity through epigenetic modifications and other possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S. Marra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Takehiko Yamanashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago-shi, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Kaitlyn J. Crutchley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA,University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Nadia E. Wahba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zoe-Ella M. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Manisha Modukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gloria Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tammy Tran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago-shi, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Hyunkeun Ryan Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gen Shinozaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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