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Menshikh K, Reddy AK, Cochis A, Fraulini F, Zambon A, Lusvardi G, Rimondini L. Bifunctional mesoporous glasses for bone tissue engineering: Biological effects of doping with cerium and polyphenols in 2D and 3D in vitro models. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2024; 14:100095. [PMID: 38912165 PMCID: PMC11192985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2024.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the cytocompatibility of cerium-doped mesoporous bioactive glasses (Ce-MBGs) loaded with polyphenols (Ce-MBGs-Poly) for possible application in bone tissue engineering after tumour resection. We tested MBGs powders and pellets on 2D and 3D in vitro models using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), osteosarcoma cells (U2OS), and endothelial cells (EA.hy926). Promisingly, at a low concentration in culture medium, Poly-loaded MBGs powders containing 1.2 mol% of cerium inhibited U2OS metabolic activity, preserved hMSCs viability, and had no adverse effects on EA.hy926 migration. Moreover, the study discussed the possible interaction between cerium and Poly, influencing anti-cancer effects. In summary, this research provides insights into the complex interactions between Ce-MBGs, Poly, and various cell types in distinct 2D and 3D in vitro models, highlighting the potential of loaded Ce-MBGs for post-resection bone tissue engineering with a balance between pro-regenerative and anti-tumorigenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Menshikh
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Ajay Kumar Reddy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Francesca Fraulini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Alfonso Zambon
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Gigliola Lusvardi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara 28100, Italy
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Stobernack T, Dommershausen N, Alcolea-Rodríguez V, Ledwith R, Bañares MA, Haase A, Pink M, Dumit VI. Advancing Nanomaterial Toxicology Screening Through Efficient and Cost-Effective Quantitative Proteomics. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400420. [PMID: 38813751 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Proteomic investigations yield high-dimensional datasets, yet their application to large-scale toxicological assessments is hindered by reproducibility challenges due to fluctuating measurement conditions. To address these limitations, this study introduces an advanced tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling protocol. Although labeling approaches shorten data acquisition time by multiplexing samples compared to traditional label-free quantification (LFQ) methods in general, the associated costs may surge significantly with large sample sets, for example, in toxicological screenings. However, the introduced advanced protocol offers an efficient, cost-effective alternative, reducing TMT reagent usage (by a factor of ten) and requiring minimal biological material (1 µg), while demonstrating increased reproducibility compared to LFQ. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the advanced protocol is employed to assess the toxicity of nine benchmark nanomaterials (NMs) on A549 lung epithelial cells. While LFQ measurements identify 3300 proteins, they proved inadequate to reveal NM toxicity. Conversely, despite detecting 2600 proteins, the TMT protocol demonstrates superior sensitivity by uncovering alterations induced by NM treatment. In contrast to previous studies, the introduced advanced protocol allows simultaneous and straightforward assessment of multiple test substances, enabling prioritization, ranking, and grouping for hazard evaluation. Additionally, it fosters the development of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), contributing to innovative methodologies in toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Stobernack
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Dommershausen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Víctor Alcolea-Rodríguez
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- Spanish National Research Council - Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP-CSIC), Spectroscopy and Industrial Catalysis group, Marie Curie, 2, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Rico Ledwith
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel A Bañares
- Spanish National Research Council - Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP-CSIC), Spectroscopy and Industrial Catalysis group, Marie Curie, 2, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Pink
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verónica I Dumit
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Park WJ, Han SH, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Song HJ, Park JB. The Influence of Tacrolimus on Cellular Morphology, Cellular Viability, Osteogenic Differentiation, and mRNA Expression within Stem Cell Spheroids. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:702. [PMID: 38792884 PMCID: PMC11123479 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Tacrolimus is a macrolide lactone compound derived from the bacterium Streptomyces tsukubensis, widely known as an immunosuppressant. In basic research, the effects of tacrolimus on osteogenic differentiation have been tested using mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, tacrolimus's effects on the cellular survival and osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids were investigated. Materials and Methods: Concave microwells were used to form stem cell spheroids in the presence of tacrolimus at final concentrations of 0 μg/mL, 0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL. A microscope was used to test cellular vitality qualitatively, and an assay kit based on water-soluble tetrazolium salt was used to measure cellular viability quantitatively. Alkaline phosphatase activity and an anthraquinone dye test for measuring calcium deposits were used to assess osteogenic differentiation. To assess the expression of osteogenic differentiation, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and RNA sequencing were performed. Results: Spheroids across all concentrations maintained a relatively uniform and spherical shape. Cell viability assay indicated that tacrolimus, up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL, did not significantly impair cell viability within spheroids cultured in osteogenic media. The increase in calcium deposition, particularly at lower concentrations of tacrolimus, points toward an enhancement in osteogenic differentiation. There was an increase in COL1A1 expression across all tacrolimus concentrations, as evidenced by the elevated mean and median values, which may indicate enhanced osteogenic activity. Conclusions: This study showed that tacrolimus does not significantly impact the viability of stem cell spheroids in osteogenic media, even at high concentrations. It also suggests that tacrolimus may enhance osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by increased calcium deposition and COL1A1 expression. These findings advance our understanding of tacrolimus's potential roles in tissue repair, regeneration, and stem cell-based therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jong Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Hoon Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Seoul Saint Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ju-Hwan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Hye-Jung Song
- Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.K.)
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Chen M, Hei J, Huang Y, Liu X, Huang Y. In vivo safety evaluation method for nanomaterials for cancer therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03466-9. [PMID: 38573443 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are extensively used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases because of their distinctive physicochemical properties, including the small size and ease of modification. The approval of numerous nanomaterials for clinical treatment has led to a significant increase in human exposure to these materials. When nanomaterials enter organisms, they interact with DNA, cells, tissues, and organs, potentially causing various adverse effects, such as genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and damage to tissues and organs. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the side effects and toxicity mechanisms of nanomaterials thoroughly before their clinical applications. Although methods for in vitro safety evaluation of nanomaterials are well established, systematic methods for in vivo safety evaluation are still lacking. This review focuses on the in vivo safety evaluation of nanomaterials and explores their potential effects. In addition, the experimental methods for assessing such effects in various disciplines, including toxicology, pharmacology, physiopathology, immunology, and bioinformatics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingyi Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Varet J, Barranger A, Crochet C, Huet S, Hogeveen K, Le Hégarat L, Fessard V. New methodological developments for testing the in vitro genotoxicity of nanomaterials: Comparison of 2D and 3D HepaRG liver cell models and classical and high throughput comet assay formats. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:140975. [PMID: 38142884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are defined as materials with at least one external dimension below 100 nm. Their small size confers them interesting unique physico-chemical properties, hence NMs are increasingly used in a diversity of applications. However, the specific properties of NMs could also make them more harmful than their bulk counterparts. Therefore, there is a crucial need to deliver efficient NM hazard assessment in order to sustain the responsible development of nanotechnology. This study analysed the genotoxic potential of several NMs: one titanium dioxide (TiO2) and two zinc oxide NMs (ZnO) that were tested up to 100 μg/mL on 2D and 3D hepatic HepaRG models. Genotoxicity analysis was performed comparing the alkaline comet assay in classical and high throughput formats. Moreover, oxidative DNA lesions were investigated with the Fpg-modified comet assay. Results showed that TiO2 NMs were not cytotoxic and not genotoxic in either cell model, although a small increase in the % tail DNA was observed in 3D HepaRG cells at 100 μg/mL in the classical format. The two ZnO NMs (ZnO S. NMs a commercial suspension and NM110 provided by the European Union Joint Research Centre) induced a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity that was more pronounced in the 2D (>20% cytotoxicity was observed for ZnO S. at concentrations greater than 25 μg/mL, and for NM 110 at 50 μg/mL) than in the 3D model (more than 20% cytotoxicity for ZnO S. NMs at 50 μg/mL). While ZnO S. NMs induced DNA damage associated with cytotoxicity (at 25 and 50 μg/mL in 2D and 50 μg/mL in 3D), NM110 showed a clear genotoxic effect at non-cytotoxic concentrations (25 μg/mL in 2D and at 25 and 50 μg/mL in 3D). No major differences could be observed in the comet assay in the presence or absence of the Fpg enzyme. High throughput analysis using CometChip® mostly confirmed the results obtained with the classical format, and even enhanced the detection of genotoxicity in the 3D model. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that new approach methodologies (NAMs), 3D models and the high throughput format for the comet assay, were more efficient in the detection of genotoxic effects, and are therefore promising approaches to improve hazard assessment of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Varet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France.
| | - Audrey Barranger
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Camille Crochet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Sylvie Huet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France.
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Martin-Folgar R, González-Caballero MC, Torres-Ruiz M, Cañas-Portilla AI, de Alba González M, Liste I, Morales M. Molecular effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on human neural stem cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295816. [PMID: 38170698 PMCID: PMC10763972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) have been found in many ecological environments (aquatic, terrestrial, air). Currently, there is great concern about the exposition and impact on animal health, including humans, because of the effects of ingestion and accumulation of these nanomaterials (NMs) in aquatic organisms and their incorporation into the food chain. NPs´ mechanisms of action on humans are currently unknown. In this study, we evaluated the altered molecular mechanisms on human neural stem cell line (hNS1) after 4 days of exposure to 30 nm polystyrene (PS) NPs (0.5, 2.5 and 10 μg/mL). Our results showed that NPs can induce oxidative stress, cellular stress, DNA damage, alterations in inflammatory response, and apoptosis, which could lead to tissue damage and neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martin-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED. Urbanización Monte Rozas, Las Rozas (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mª Carmen González-Caballero
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mónica Torres-Ruiz
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ana I. Cañas-Portilla
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mercedes de Alba González
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Mónica Morales
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED. Urbanización Monte Rozas, Las Rozas (Madrid), Spain
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7
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Falkiewicz K, Fryca I, Ciura K, Mikolajczyk A, Jagiello K, Puzyn T. A bibliometric analysis of the recent achievements in pulmonary safety of nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:547-561. [PMID: 37968932 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2276411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Assessing research activity is an important step for planning future initiatives oriented toward filling the remaining gaps in a field. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to review recently published research on pulmonary toxicity caused by nanomaterials. However, here, instead of reviewing possible toxic effects and discussing their mode of action, the goal was to establish trends considering for example examined so far nanomaterials or used testing strategies. A total of 2316 related articles retrieved from the three most cited databases (PubMed Scopus, Web of Science), selected based on the title and abstract requirements, were used as the source of the review. Based on the bibliometric analysis, the nano-meter metal oxides, and carbon-based nanotubes were identified as the most frequently studied nanomaterials, while quantum dots, which might induce possible harmful effects, were not considered so far. The majority of testing of pulmonary safety is based on in vitro studies with observed growth of the contribution of novel testing strategies, such as 3D lung model, air-liquid interface system, or omic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krzesimir Ciura
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Mikolajczyk
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Jagiello
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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8
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Forest V, Pourchez J. Can the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on human health really be assessed using in vitro models? A review of methodological issues. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108115. [PMID: 37542783 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of the many advantages they offer (strength, low cost, durability, lightweight, resistance, etc.), plastics are integral part of our daily life with a production constantly rising. However, their waste management is still inadequate, resulting in their release and accumulation in the environment, representing a main source of pollution. Their degradation results in debris of variable size including microplastics (0.1 μm-5 mm) and even nanoplastics (<0.1 μm), whose potential impact on ecosystems and human health have raised concerns. The potential adverse effects they may cause have been evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models. However, due to some specific characteristics of micro- and nanoplastics, there are challenging questions about whether conventional in vitro tests are appropriate for evaluating their toxicity. For example, low-density plastics float on the surface of the culture medium and cannot come into contact with cells adhering to the bottom of the culture plates, which prevents proper evaluation of potential adverse effects and leads to misinterpretation of toxicological assays. In this review, we discuss the main issues related to the evaluation of micro- and nanoplastics toxicity using conventional in vitro assays. A literature survey has allowed to propose some solutions to circumvent these issues including the use of mathematical models to accurately determine the dose of particles delivered to cells, advanced 3D models (organoids), inverted cell culture models, cell cultures at the air-liquid interface or under dynamic conditions. Finally, we propose some perspectives and recommendations for further research on the in vitro evaluation of micro- and nanoplastics toxicity, underlining the importance of using standardized protocols for comparison purposes and samples and experimental conditions more representative of real-life exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Stoppa I, Pantham D, Sacchetti S, Rolla R, Grattarola M, Monge C, Pizzimenti S, Dianzani U, Dianzani C, Battaglia L. Exploiting Nanomedicine for Cancer Polychemotherapy: Recent Advances and Clinical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:937. [PMID: 36986798 PMCID: PMC10057931 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important limitations of chemotherapeutic agents are severe side effects and the development of multi-drug resistance. Recently, the clinical successes achieved with immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of several advanced-stage malignancies, but most patients do not respond and many of them develop immune-related adverse events. Loading synergistic combinations of different anti-tumor drugs in nanocarriers may enhance their efficacy and reduce life-threatening toxicities. Thereafter, nanomedicines may synergize with pharmacological, immunological, and physical combined treatments, and should be increasingly integrated in multimodal combination therapy regimens. The goal of this manuscript is to provide better understanding and key considerations for developing new combined nanomedicines and nanotheranostics. We will clarify the potential of combined nanomedicine strategies that are designed to target different steps of the cancer growth as well as its microenvironment and immunity interactions. Moreover, we will describe relevant experiments in animal models and discuss issues raised by translation in the human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ian Stoppa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Deepika Pantham
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Ospedale Universitario Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Ospedale Universitario Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Margherita Grattarola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Monge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Ospedale Universitario Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
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10
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Pondman K, Le Gac S, Kishore U. Nanoparticle-induced immune response: Health risk versus treatment opportunity? Immunobiology 2023; 228:152317. [PMID: 36592542 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are not only employed in many biomedical applications in an engineered form, but also occur in our environment, in a more hazardous form. NPs interact with the immune system through various pathways and can lead to a myriad of different scenarios, ranging from their quiet removal from circulation by macrophages without any impact for the body, to systemic inflammatory effects and immuno-toxicity. In the latter case, the function of the immune system is affected by the presence of NPs. This review describes, how both the innate and adaptive immune system are involved in interactions with NPs, together with the models used to analyse these interactions. These models vary between simple 2D in vitro models, to in vivo animal models, and also include complex all human organ on chip models which are able to recapitulate more accurately the interaction in the in vivo situation. Thereafter, commonly encountered NPs in both the environment and in biomedical applications and their possible effects on the immune system are discussed in more detail. Not all effects of NPs on the immune system are detrimental; in the final section, we review several promising strategies in which the immune response towards NPs can be exploited to suit specific applications such as vaccination and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Pondman
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK; Department of Veterinary Medicine, U.A.E. University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Bessa MJ, Brandão F, Rosário F, Moreira L, Reis AT, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Fraga S, Teixeira JP. Assessing the in vitro toxicity of airborne (nano)particles to the human respiratory system: from basic to advanced models. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:67-96. [PMID: 36692141 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2166638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to address the potential adverse health risks attributed to exposure to nanoscale materials. While in vivo studies are fundamental for identifying the relationship between dose and occurrence of adverse effects, in vitro model systems provide important information regarding the mechanism(s) of action at the molecular level. With a special focus on exposure to inhaled (nano)particulate material toxicity assessment, this review provides an overview of the available human respiratory models and exposure systems for in vitro testing, advantages, limitations, and existing investigations using models of different complexity. A brief overview of the human respiratory system, pathway and fate of inhaled (nano)particles is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bessa
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Rosário
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Reis
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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12
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Joseph TM, Kar Mahapatra D, Esmaeili A, Piszczyk Ł, Hasanin MS, Kattali M, Haponiuk J, Thomas S. Nanoparticles: Taking a Unique Position in Medicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13030574. [PMID: 36770535 PMCID: PMC9920911 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The human nature of curiosity, wonder, and ingenuity date back to the age of humankind. In parallel with our history of civilization, interest in scientific approaches to unravel mechanisms underlying natural phenomena has been developing. Recent years have witnessed unprecedented growth in research in the area of pharmaceuticals and medicine. The optimism that nanotechnology (NT) applied to medicine and drugs is taking serious steps to bring about significant advances in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease-a shift from fantasy to reality. The growing interest in the future medical applications of NT leads to the emergence of a new field for nanomaterials (NMs) and biomedicine. In recent years, NMs have emerged as essential game players in modern medicine, with clinical applications ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for drug and gene delivery into tumors. Indeed, there are instances where nanoparticles (NPs) enable analyses and therapies that cannot be performed otherwise. However, NPs also bring unique environmental and societal challenges, particularly concerning toxicity. Thus, clinical applications of NPs should be revisited, and a deep understanding of the effects of NPs from the pathophysiologic basis of a disease may bring more sophisticated diagnostic opportunities and yield more effective therapies and preventive features. Correspondingly, this review highlights the significant contributions of NPs to modern medicine and drug delivery systems. This study also attempted to glimpse the future impact of NT in medicine and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomy Muringayil Joseph
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 440037, India
| | - Amin Esmaeili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering Technology and Industrial Trades, University of Doha for Science and Technology (UDST), Arab League St, Doha P.O. Box 24449, Qatar
| | - Łukasz Piszczyk
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mohamed S. Hasanin
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mashhoor Kattali
- Department of Biotechnology, EMEA College of Arts and Science, Kondotty 673638, India
| | - Józef Haponiuk
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
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Busch M, Brouwer H, Aalderink G, Bredeck G, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF, Bouwmeester H. Investigating nanoplastics toxicity using advanced stem cell-based intestinal and lung in vitro models. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1112212. [PMID: 36777263 PMCID: PMC9911716 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic particles in the nanometer range-called nanoplastics-are environmental contaminants with growing public health concern. As plastic particles are present in water, soil, air and food, human exposure via intestine and lung is unavoidable, but possible health effects are still to be elucidated. To better understand the Mode of Action of plastic particles, it is key to use experimental models that best reflect human physiology. Novel assessment methods like advanced cell models and several alternative approaches are currently used and developed in the scientific community. So far, the use of cancer cell line-based models is the standard approach regarding in vitro nanotoxicology. However, among the many advantages of the use of cancer cell lines, there are also disadvantages that might favor other approaches. In this review, we compare cell line-based models with stem cell-based in vitro models of the human intestine and lung. In the context of nanoplastics research, we highlight the advantages that come with the use of stem cells. Further, the specific challenges of testing nanoplastics in vitro are discussed. Although the use of stem cell-based models can be demanding, we conclude that, depending on the research question, stem cells in combination with advanced exposure strategies might be a more suitable approach than cancer cell lines when it comes to toxicological investigation of nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Busch
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Brouwer
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Germaine Aalderink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF—Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Roel P. F. Schins
- IUF—Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Hans Bouwmeester,
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Di Cristo L, Sabella S. Cell Cultures at the Air-Liquid Interface and Their Application in Cancer Research. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2645:41-64. [PMID: 37202611 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures are considered a valid tool for the replacement of animals in biomedical research. By mimicking crucial features of the human in vivo epithelial barriers (e.g., lung, intestine, and skin), ALI cell cultures enable proper structural architectures and differentiated functions of normal and diseased tissue barriers. Thereby, ALI models realistically resemble tissue conditions and provide in vivo-like responses. Since their implementation, they are routinely used in several applications, from toxicity testing to cancer research, receiving an appreciable level of acceptance (in some cases a regulatory acceptance) as attractive testing alternatives to animals. In this chapter, an overview of the ALI cell cultures will be presented together with their application in cancer cell culture, highlighting the potential advantages and disadvantages of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Di Cristo
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Sabella
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
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15
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Precision Nanotoxicology in Drug Development: Current Trends and Challenges in Safety and Toxicity Implications of Customized Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Drug-Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112463. [PMID: 36432653 PMCID: PMC9697541 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dire need for the assessment of human and environmental endangerments of nanoparticulate material has motivated the formulation of novel scientific tools and techniques to detect, quantify, and characterize these nanomaterials. Several of these paradigms possess enormous possibilities for applications in many of the realms of nanotoxicology. Furthermore, in a large number of cases, the limited capabilities to assess the environmental and human toxicological outcomes of customized and tailored multifunctional nanoparticles used for drug delivery have hindered their full exploitation in preclinical and clinical settings. With the ever-compounded availability of nanoparticulate materials in commercialized settings, an ever-arising popular debate has been egressing on whether the social, human, and environmental costs associated with the risks of nanomaterials outweigh their profits. Here we briefly review the various health, pharmaceutical, and regulatory aspects of nanotoxicology of engineered multifunctional nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Several aspects and issues encountered during the safety and toxicity assessments of these drug-delivery nanocarriers have also been summarized. Furthermore, recent trends implicated in the nanotoxicological evaluations of nanoparticulate matter in vitro and in vivo have also been discussed. Due to the absence of robust and rigid regulatory guidelines, researchers currently frequently encounter a larger number of challenges in the toxicology assessment of nanocarriers, which have also been briefly discussed here. Nanotoxicology has an appreciable and significant part in the clinical translational development as well as commercialization potential of nanocarriers; hence these aspects have also been touched upon. Finally, a brief overview has been provided regarding some of the nanocarrier-based medicines that are currently undergoing clinical trials, and some of those which have recently been commercialized and are available for patients. It is expected that this review will instigate an appreciable interest in the research community working in the arena of pharmaceutical drug development and nanoformulation-based drug delivery.
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16
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Bacova J, Knotek P, Kopecka K, Hromadko L, Capek J, Nyvltova P, Bruckova L, Schröterova L, Sestakova B, Palarcik J, Motola M, Cizkova D, Bezrouk A, Handl J, Fiala Z, Rudolf E, Bilkova Z, Macak JM, Rousar T. Evaluating the Use of TiO 2 Nanoparticles for Toxicity Testing in Pulmonary A549 Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4211-4225. [PMID: 36124012 PMCID: PMC9482439 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s374955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, 25 nm in size of crystallites (TiO2 P25), are among the most produced nanomaterials worldwide. The broad use of TiO2 P25 in material science has implied a request to evaluate their biological effects, especially in the lungs. Hence, the pulmonary A549 cell line has been used to estimate the effects of TiO2 P25. However, the reports have provided dissimilar results on caused toxicity. Surprisingly, the physicochemical factors influencing TiO2 P25 action in biological models have not been evaluated in most reports. Thus, the objective of the present study is to characterize the preparation of TiO2 P25 for biological testing in A549 cells and to evaluate their biological effects. Methods We determined the size and crystallinity of TiO2 P25. We used four techniques for TiO2 P25 dispersion. We estimated the colloid stability of TiO2 P25 in distilled water, isotonic NaCl solution, and cell culture medium. We applied the optimal dispersion conditions for testing the biological effects of TiO2 P25 (0–100 µg.mL−1) in A549 cells using biochemical assays (dehydrogenase activity, glutathione levels) and microscopy. Results We found that the use of fetal bovine serum in culture medium is essential to maintain sufficient colloid stability of dispersed TiO2 P25. Under these conditions, TiO2 P25 were unable to induce a significant impairment of A549 cells according to the results of biochemical and microscopy evaluations. When the defined parameters for the use of TiO2 P25 in A549 cells were met, similar results on the biological effects of TiO2 P25 were obtained in two independent cell laboratories. Conclusion We optimized the experimental conditions of TiO2 P25 preparation for toxicity testing in A549 cells. The results presented here on TiO2 P25-induced cellular effects are reproducible. Therefore, our results can be helpful for other researchers using TiO2 P25 as a reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Bacova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Knotek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kopecka
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Hromadko
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Capek
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Nyvltova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bruckova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislava Schröterova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Sestakova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Palarcik
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Motola
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Bezrouk
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Handl
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bilkova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan M Macak
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Rousar
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Başlar M, Karakuş CÖ, Dikici BA. P17-21 Development of novel nanotoxicity assessment method utilizing 3D printing system. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Pranty AI, Shumka S, Adjaye J. Bilirubin-Induced Neurological Damage: Current and Emerging iPSC-Derived Brain Organoid Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172647. [PMID: 36078055 PMCID: PMC9454749 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin-induced neurological damage (BIND) has been a subject of studies for decades, yet the molecular mechanisms at the core of this damage remain largely unknown. Throughout the years, many in vivo chronic bilirubin encephalopathy models, such as the Gunn rat and transgenic mice, have further elucidated the molecular basis of bilirubin neurotoxicity as well as the correlations between high levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) and brain damage. Regardless of being invaluable, these models cannot accurately recapitulate the human brain and liver system; therefore, establishing a physiologically recapitulating in vitro model has become a prerequisite to unveil the breadth of complexities that accompany the detrimental effects of UCB on the liver and developing human brain. Stem-cell-derived 3D brain organoid models offer a promising platform as they bear more resemblance to the human brain system compared to existing models. This review provides an explicit picture of the current state of the art, advancements, and challenges faced by the various models as well as the possibilities of using stem-cell-derived 3D organoids as an efficient tool to be included in research, drug screening, and therapeutic strategies for future clinical applications.
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19
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Domingues C, Santos A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Jarak I, Veiga F, Barbosa I, Dourado M, Figueiras A. Where Is Nano Today and Where Is It Headed? A Review of Nanomedicine and the Dilemma of Nanotoxicology. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9994-10041. [PMID: 35729778 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide nanotechnology development and application have fueled many scientific advances, but technophilic expectations and technophobic demands must be counterbalanced in parallel. Some of the burning issues today are the following: (1) Where is nano today? (2) How good are the communication and investment networks between academia/research and governments? (3) Is there any spotlight application for nanotechnology? Nanomedicine is a particular arm of nanotechnology within the healthcare landscape, focused on diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of emerging (such as coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) and contemporary (including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer) diseases. However, it may only represent the bright side of the coin. In fact, in the recent past, the concept of nanotoxicology has emerged to address the dark shadows of nanomedicine. The nanomedicine field requires more nanotoxicological studies to identify undesirable effects and guarantee safety. Here, we provide an overall perspective on nanomedicine and nanotoxicology as central pieces of the giant puzzle of nanotechnology. First, the impact of nanotechnology on education and research is highlighted, followed by market trends and scientific output tendencies. In the next section, the nanomedicine and nanotoxicology dilemma is addressed through the interplay of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models with the support of omics and microfluidic approaches. Lastly, a reflection on the regulatory issues and clinical trials is provided. Finally, some conclusions and future perspectives are proposed for a clearer and safer translation of nanomedicines from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Domingues
- Univ. Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galenic and Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Galenic and Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ. Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Santos
- Univ. Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galenic and Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, iMATUS, and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, iMATUS, and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Univ. Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galenic and Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Univ. Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galenic and Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Galenic and Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Barbosa
- Univ. Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Phamaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marília Dourado
- Univ. Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ. Coimbra, Center for Health Studies and Research of the University of Coimbra (CEISUC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ. Coimbra, Center for Studies and Development of Continuous and Palliative Care (CEDCCP), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Univ. Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galenic and Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Galenic and Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Sharin T, Crump D, O'Brien JM. Toxicity screening of bisphenol A replacement compounds: cytotoxicity and mRNA expression in LMH 3D spheroids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44769-44778. [PMID: 35138540 PMCID: PMC9200673 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that the chicken LMH cell line cultured as 3D spheroids may be a suitable animal free alternative to primary chicken embryonic hepatocytes (CEH) for avian in vitro chemical screening. In this study, cytotoxicity and mRNA expression were determined in LMH 3D spheroids following exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), five BPA replacement compounds (BPF, TGSH, DD-70, BPAF, BPSIP), and 17β estradiol (E2). Results were compared to an earlier study that evaluated the same endpoints for these chemicals in CEH. BPA and the replacement compounds had LC50 values ranging from 16.6 to 81.8 μM; DD-70 and BPAF were the most cytotoxic replacements (LC50 = 17.23 ± 4.51 and 16.6 ± 4.78 μM). TGSH and DD-70 modulated the greatest number of genes, although fewer than observed in CEH. Based on the expression of apovitellenin and vitellogenin, BPAF was the most estrogenic compound followed by BPF, BPSIP, and BPA. More estrogen-responsive genes were modulated in LMH spheroids compared to CEH. Concentration-dependent gene expression revealed that DD-70 and BPAF altered genes related to lipid and bile acid regulation. Overall, cytotoxicity and clustering of replacements based on gene expression profiles were similar between LMH spheroids and CEH. In addition to generating novel gene expression data for five BPA replacement compounds in an in vitro avian model, this research demonstrates that LMH spheroids may represent a useful animal free alternative for avian toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnia Sharin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jason M O'Brien
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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21
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Akbari J, Saeedi M, Ahmadi F, Hashemi SMH, Babaei A, Yaddollahi S, Rostamkalaei SS, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: A review of the methods of manufacture and routes of administration. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:525-544. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2084554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sadra Yaddollahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Sohrab Rostamkalaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Iran, Amol.
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutical Research laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Nanosafety: An Evolving Concept to Bring the Safest Possible Nanomaterials to Society and Environment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111810. [PMID: 35683670 PMCID: PMC9181910 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials has been increasing in recent times, and they are widely used in industries such as cosmetics, drugs, food, water treatment, and agriculture. The rapid development of new nanomaterials demands a set of approaches to evaluate the potential toxicity and risks related to them. In this regard, nanosafety has been using and adapting already existing methods (toxicological approach), but the unique characteristics of nanomaterials demand new approaches (nanotoxicology) to fully understand the potential toxicity, immunotoxicity, and (epi)genotoxicity. In addition, new technologies, such as organs-on-chips and sophisticated sensors, are under development and/or adaptation. All the information generated is used to develop new in silico approaches trying to predict the potential effects of newly developed materials. The overall evaluation of nanomaterials from their production to their final disposal chain is completed using the life cycle assessment (LCA), which is becoming an important element of nanosafety considering sustainability and environmental impact. In this review, we give an overview of all these elements of nanosafety.
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Three-dimensional (3D) liver cell models - a tool for bridging the gap between animal studies and clinical trials when screening liver accumulation and toxicity of nanobiomaterials. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2048-2074. [PMID: 35507131 PMCID: PMC9066991 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exciting properties and wide-reaching applications of nanobiomaterials (NBMs) in human health and medicine, their translation from bench to bedside is slow, with a predominant issue being liver accumulation and toxicity following systemic administration. In vitro 2D cell-based assays and in vivo testing are the most popular and widely used methods for assessing liver toxicity at pre-clinical stages; however, these fall short in predicting toxicity for NBMs. Focusing on in vitro and in vivo assessment, the accurate prediction of human-specific hepatotoxicity is still a significant challenge to researchers. This review describes the relationship between NBMs and the liver, and the methods for assessing toxicity, focusing on the limitations they bring in the assessment of NBM hepatotoxicity as one of the reasons defining the poor translation for NBMs. We will then present some of the most recent advances towards the development of more biologically relevant in vitro liver methods based on tissue-mimetic 3D cell models and how these could facilitate the translation of NBMs going forward. Finally, we also discuss the low public acceptance and limited uptake of tissue-mimetic 3D models in pre-clinical assessment, despite the demonstrated technical and ethical advantages associated with them.
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Forest V. Experimental and Computational Nanotoxicology-Complementary Approaches for Nanomaterial Hazard Assessment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081346. [PMID: 35458054 PMCID: PMC9031966 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing development and applications of nanomaterials lead to an increasing release of these materials in the environment. The adverse effects they may elicit on ecosystems or human health are not always fully characterized. Such potential toxicity must be carefully assessed with the underlying mechanisms elucidated. To that purpose, different approaches can be used. First, experimental toxicology consisting of conducting in vitro or in vivo experiments (including clinical studies) can be used to evaluate the nanomaterial hazard. It can rely on variable models (more or less complex), allowing the investigation of different biological endpoints. The respective advantages and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models are discussed as well as some issues associated with experimental nanotoxicology. Perspectives of future developments in the field are also proposed. Second, computational nanotoxicology, i.e., in silico approaches, can be used to predict nanomaterial toxicity. In this context, we describe the general principles, advantages, and limitations especially of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models and grouping/read-across approaches. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these different approaches based on examples and highlight their complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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Shnoudeh AJ, Qadumii L, Zihlif M, Al-Ameer HJ, Salou RA, Jaber AY, Hamad I. Green Synthesis of Gold, Iron and Selenium Nanoparticles Using Phytoconstituents: Preliminary Evaluation of Antioxidant and Biocompatibility Potential. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041334. [PMID: 35209121 PMCID: PMC8875721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at fabricating gold (Au), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) nanoparticles (NPs) using various natural plant extracts from the Fertile Crescent area and evaluating their potential application as antioxidant and biocompatible agents to be used in the pharmaceutical field, especially in drug delivery. The Au-NPs were synthesized using Ephedra alata and Pistacia lentiscus extracts, whereas the Fe-NPs and Se-NPs were synthesized using peel, fruit and seed extracts of Punica granatum. The phytofabricated NPs were characterized by the UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope technique showed that the synthesized NPs surface was spherical, and the particle size analysis confirmed a particle size of 50 nm. The crystalline nature of the NPs was confirmed by the XRD analysis. All synthesized NPs were found to be biocompatible in the fibroblast and human erythroleukemic cell lines. Se-NPs showed a dose-dependent antitumor activity as evidenced from the experimental results with breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. A dose-dependent, free-radical scavenging effect of the Au-NPs and Se-NPs was observed in the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, with the highest effect recorded for Au-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Jabra Shnoudeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan; (A.J.S.); (A.Y.J.)
| | - Lana Qadumii
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan; (L.Q.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.Z.); (H.J.A.-A.)
| | - Hamzeh J. Al-Ameer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.Z.); (H.J.A.-A.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan
| | - Ruba Anwar Salou
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan; (L.Q.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Abdulmutalleb Yousef Jaber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan; (A.J.S.); (A.Y.J.)
| | - Islam Hamad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-799-585-892
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Hajtuch J, Santos-Martinez MJ, Wojcik M, Tomczyk E, Jaskiewicz M, Kamysz W, Narajczyk M, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Lipoic Acid-Coated Silver Nanoparticles: Biosafety Potential on the Vascular Microenvironment and Antibacterial Properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:733743. [PMID: 35153735 PMCID: PMC8831385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To study and compare the antibacterial properties and the potential cytotoxic effects of commercially available uncoated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with lipoic acid coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPsLA) developed by our group. The antibacterial, cytotoxic, and hemolytic properties of those NPs were assessed with the main objective of investigating if AgNPsLA could maintain their antibacterial properties while improving their biosafety profile over uncoated AgNPs within the blood vessel’s microenvironment. Methods: Comercially available uncoated 2.6 nm AgNPs and 2.5 nm AgNPsLA synthesized and characterized as previously described by our group, were used in this study. Antimicrobial activity was assessed on a wide range of pathogens and expressed by minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Assessment of cytotoxicity was carried out on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using an MTT test. Detection of reactive oxygen species, cell apoptosis/necrosis in HUVEC, and measurement of mitochondrial destabilization in HUVEC and platelets were performed by flow cytometry. The potential harmful effect of nanoparticles on red blood cells (RBCs) was investigated measuring hemoglobin and LDH released after exposure to NPs. Transmission electron microscopy was also used to determine if AgNPs and AgNPsLA could induce any ultrastructural changes on HUVEC cells and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Results: AgNPs and AgNPsLA had antimicrobial properties against pathogens associated with catheter-related bloodstream infections. AgNPs, in contrast to AgNPsLA, induced ROS production and apoptosis in HUVEC, ultrastructural changes in HUVEC and S. aureus, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane in HUVEC and platelets, and also hemolysis. Conclusion: AgNPsLA synthesized by our group have antimicrobial activity and a better biosafety profile than uncoated AgNPs of similar size. Those observations are of critical importance for the future in vivo investigations and the potential application of AgNPsLA in medical devices for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Hajtuch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maria Jose Santos-Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michal Wojcik
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Tomczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jaskiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Narajczyk
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak,
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Ramos TI, Villacis-Aguirre CA, López-Aguilar KV, Santiago Padilla L, Altamirano C, Toledo JR, Santiago Vispo N. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Human Therapeutic Nanoparticle Development. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:247. [PMID: 35213980 PMCID: PMC8879439 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine plays an essential role in developing new therapies through novel drug delivery systems, diagnostic and imaging systems, vaccine development, antibacterial tools, and high-throughput screening. One of the most promising drug delivery systems are nanoparticles, which can be designed with various compositions, sizes, shapes, and surface modifications. These nanosystems have improved therapeutic profiles, increased bioavailability, and reduced the toxicity of the product they carry. However, the clinical translation of nanomedicines requires a thorough understanding of their properties to avoid problems with the most questioned aspect of nanosystems: safety. The particular physicochemical properties of nano-drugs lead to the need for additional safety, quality, and efficacy testing. Consequently, challenges arise during the physicochemical characterization, the production process, in vitro characterization, in vivo characterization, and the clinical stages of development of these biopharmaceuticals. The lack of a specific regulatory framework for nanoformulations has caused significant gaps in the requirements needed to be successful during their approval, especially with tests that demonstrate their safety and efficacy. Researchers face many difficulties in establishing evidence to extrapolate results from one level of development to another, for example, from an in vitro demonstration phase to an in vivo demonstration phase. Additional guidance is required to cover the particularities of this type of product, as some challenges in the regulatory framework do not allow for an accurate assessment of NPs with sufficient evidence of clinical success. This work aims to identify current regulatory issues during the implementation of nanoparticle assays and describe the major challenges that researchers have faced when exposing a new formulation. We further reflect on the current regulatory standards required for the approval of these biopharmaceuticals and the requirements demanded by the regulatory agencies. Our work will provide helpful information to improve the success of nanomedicines by compiling the challenges described in the literature that support the development of this novel encapsulation system. We propose a step-by-step approach through the different stages of the development of nanoformulations, from their design to the clinical stage, exemplifying the different challenges and the measures taken by the regulatory agencies to respond to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelvia I. Ramos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
| | - Carlos A. Villacis-Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
| | - Katherine V. López-Aguilar
- Carrera Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas—ESPE, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador;
| | | | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 2362803, Chile;
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Av. Universidad 330, Placilla, Sector Curauma, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Jorge R. Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4070386, Chile; (T.I.R.); (C.A.V.-A.)
| | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
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Use of an in silico knowledge discovery approach to determine mechanistic studies of silver nanoparticles-induced toxicity from in vitro to in vivo. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:6. [PMID: 35031062 PMCID: PMC8759195 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered a double-edged sword that demonstrates beneficial and harmful effects depending on their dimensions and surface coating types. However, mechanistic understanding of the size- and coating-dependent effects of AgNPs in vitro and in vivo remains elusive. We adopted an in silico decision tree-based knowledge-discovery-in-databases process to prioritize the factors affecting the toxic potential of AgNPs, which included exposure dose, cell type and AgNP type (i.e., size and surface coating), and exposure time. This approach also contributed to effective knowledge integration between cell-based phenomenological observations and in vitro/in vivo mechanistic explorations. Results The consolidated cell viability assessment results were used to create a tree model for generalizing cytotoxic behavior of the four AgNP types: SCS, LCS, SAS, and LAS. The model ranked the toxicity-related parameters in the following order of importance: exposure dose > cell type > particle size > exposure time ≥ surface coating. Mechanistically, larger AgNPs appeared to provoke greater levels of autophagy in vitro, which occurred during the earlier phase of both subcytotoxic and cytotoxic exposures. Furthermore, apoptosis rather than necrosis majorly accounted for compromised cell survival over the above dosage range. Intriguingly, exposure to non-cytotoxic doses of AgNPs induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and senescence instead. At the organismal level, SCS following a single intraperitoneal injection was found more toxic to BALB/c mice as compared to SAS. Both particles could be deposited in various target organs (e.g., spleen, liver, and kidneys). Morphological observation, along with serum biochemical and histological analyses, indicated that AgNPs could produce pancreatic toxicity, apart from leading to hepatic inflammation. Conclusions Our integrated in vitro, in silico, and in vivo study revealed that AgNPs exerted toxicity in dose-, cell/organ type- and particle type-dependent manners. More importantly, a single injection of lethal-dose AgNPs (i.e., SCS and SAS) could incur severe damage to pancreas and raise blood glucose levels at the early phase of exposure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00447-0.
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Bredeck G, Halamoda-Kenzaoui B, Bogni A, Lipsa D, Bremer-Hoffmann S. Tiered testing of micro- and nanoplastics using intestinal in vitro models to support hazard assessments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106921. [PMID: 34634620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The uncertainty of potential risks associated with micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are of growing public concern. However, the diversity of MNPs in the environment makes a systematic analysis of potential health effects challenging. New tools and approaches are necessary to investigate biological effects of MNPs. With this quick scoping review, we aim to analyse the suitability of in vitro models for assessing the interaction of MNPs with intestinal cells. Our analysis revealed that currently the majority of in vitro tests are based on the three cell lines Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT-116. They have particularly been used to assess endpoints related to basal cytotoxicity, the internalisation of MNPs and effects on the intestinal barrier. When co-cultured with various cell lines, they also allow to investigate additional effects such as inflammation, metabolic actions and the relevance of the intestinal mucus. However, methodological gaps remain regarding the assessment of a potential accumulation of MNPs, leaching of additives/impurities and in resulting long-term effects as well as cell-type specific toxicities. In addition, only few in vitro studies investigated effects of MNPs on the microbiome. Stem cell-based assays using, for example, the emerging organoid technology are promising for analysing MNP effects on tissue-like structures, while avoiding the particular characteristics of the currently used cancer derived cell lines. The various cell lines and culture techniques can be combined in testing strategies, to better elucidate potential biological interaction of MNPs with biological systems. We suggest to implement a tiered testing strategy, in which monocultures can serve as a tool for high-throughput testing of MNPs. In the next steps co-cultures can be used to assess the potential of a systemic uptake of MNPs and organ-on-a-chip models will provide more reliable insights into relevant doses triggering biological effects. Finally, organoids can help to discover new and more complex reactions initiated by MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Bogni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Dorelia Lipsa
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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Malik AR, Aziz MH, Atif M, Irshad MS, Ullah H, Gia TN, Ahmed H, Ahmad S, Botmart T. Lime peel extract induced NiFe2O4 NPs: Synthesis to applications and oxidative stress mechanism for anticancer, antibiotic activity. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Şen Karaman D, Kietz C, Govardhanam P, Slita A, Manea A, Pamukçu A, Meinander A, Rosenholm JM. Core@shell structured ceria@mesoporous silica nanoantibiotics restrain bacterial growth in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 133:112607. [PMID: 35525761 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to its modular and flexible design options, mesoporous silica provides ample opportunities when developing new strategies for combinatory antibacterial treatments. In this study, antibacterial ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles (NP) were used as core material, and were further coated with a mesoporous silica shell (mSiO2) to obtain a core@shell structured nanocomposite (CeO2@mSiO2). The porous silica shell was utilized as drug reservoir, whereby CeO2@mSiO2 was loaded with the antimicrobial agent capsaicin (CeO2@mSiO2/Cap). CeO2@mSiO2/Cap was further surface-coated with the natural antimicrobial polymer chitosan by employing physical adsorption. The obtained nanocomposite, CeO2@mSiO2/Cap@Chit, denoted NAB, which stands for "nanoantibiotic", provided a combinatory antibacterial mode of action. The antibacterial effect of NAB on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E.coli) was proven to be significant in vitro. In addition, in vivo evaluations revealed NAB to inhibit the bacterial growth in the intestine of bacteria-fed Drosophila melanogaster larvae, and decreased the required dose of capsaicin needed to eliminate bacteria. As our constructed CeO2@mSiO2 did not show toxicity to mammalian cells, it holds promise for the development of next-generation nanoantibiotics of non-toxic nature with flexible design options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Şen Karaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Christa Kietz
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | - Prakirth Govardhanam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | - Anna Slita
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | - Alexandra Manea
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | - Ayşenur Pamukçu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Annika Meinander
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Finland.
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
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Warrier S, Mohana Sundaram S, Varier L, Balasubramanian A. Stalling SARS-CoV2 infection with stem cells: can regenerating perinatal tissue mesenchymal stem cells offer a multi-tiered therapeutic approach to COVID-19? Placenta 2021; 117:161-168. [PMID: 34915433 PMCID: PMC8647345 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 has created a major health crisis across the globe. Invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the lungs causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that result in the damage of lung alveolar epithelial cells. Currently, there is no standard treatment available to treat the disease and the resultant lung scarring is irreversible even after recovery. This has prompted researchers across the globe to focus on developing new therapeutics and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an efficient drug screening platform and MSC-derived organoids has found applications in disease modeling and drug discovery. Perinatal tissue derived MSC based cell therapies have been explored in the treatment of various disease conditions including ARDS because of their enhanced regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The multi-utility properties of MSCs have been described in this review wherein we discuss the potential use of MSC-derived lung organoids in screening of novel therapeutic compounds for COVID-19 and also in disease modeling to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease. This article also summarizes the rationale behind the development of MSC-based cell- and cell-free therapies and vaccines for COVID-19 with a focus on the current progress in this area. With the pandemic raging, an important necessity is to develop novel treatment strategies which will not only alleviate the disease symptoms but also avoid any off-target effects which could further increase post infection sequelae. Naturally occurring mesenchymal stem cells could be the magic bullet which fulfil these criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India.
| | - S Mohana Sundaram
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India
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Replacement Strategies for Animal Studies in Inhalation Testing. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal testing is mandatory in drug testing and is the gold standard for toxicity and efficacy evaluations. This situation is expected to change in the future as the 3Rs principle, which stands for the replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of animals in science, is reinforced by many countries. On the other hand, technologies for alternatives to animal testing have increased. The need to develop and use alternatives depends on the complexity of the research topic and also on the extent to which the currently used animal models can mimic human physiology and/or exposure. The lung morphology and physiology of commonly used animal species differs from that of human lungs, and the realistic inhalation exposure of animals is challenging. In vitro and in silico methods can assess important aspects of the in vivo effects, namely particle deposition, dissolution, action at, and permeation through, the respiratory barrier, and pharmacokinetics. This review discusses the limitations of animal models and exposure systems and proposes in vitro and in silico techniques that could, when used together, reduce or even replace animal testing in inhalation testing in the future.
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In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air-Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123225. [PMID: 34947574 PMCID: PMC8703991 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diverse industries have already incorporated within their production processes engineered nanoparticles (ENP), increasing the potential risk of worker inhalation exposure. In vitro models have been widely used to investigate ENP toxicity. Air-liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures have been emerging as a valuable alternative to submerged cultures as they are more representative of the inhalation exposure to airborne nano-sized particles. We compared the in vitro toxicity of four ENP used as raw materials in the advanced ceramics sector in human alveolar epithelial-like cells cultured under submerged or ALI conditions. Submerged cultures were exposed to ENP liquid suspensions or to aerosolised ENP at ALI. Toxicity was assessed by determining LDH release, WST-1 metabolisation and DNA damage. Overall, cells were more sensitive to ENP cytotoxic effects when cultured and exposed under ALI. No significant cytotoxicity was observed after 24 h exposure to ENP liquid suspensions, although aerosolised ENP clearly affected cell viability and LDH release. In general, all ENP increased primary DNA damage regardless of the exposure mode, where an increase in DNA strand-breaks was only detected under submerged conditions. Our data show that at relevant occupational concentrations, the selected ENP exert mild toxicity to alveolar epithelial cells and exposure at ALI might be the most suitable choice when assessing ENP toxicity in respiratory models under realistic exposure conditions.
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Leudjo Taka A, Tata CM, Klink MJ, Mbianda XY, Mtunzi FM, Naidoo EB. A Review on Conventional and Advanced Methods for Nanotoxicology Evaluation of Engineered Nanomaterials. Molecules 2021; 26:6536. [PMID: 34770945 PMCID: PMC8588160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology can be defined as the field of science and technology that studies material at nanoscale (1-100 nm). These nanomaterials, especially carbon nanostructure-based composites and biopolymer-based nanocomposites, exhibit excellent chemical, physical, mechanical, electrical, and many other properties beneficial for their application in many consumer products (e.g., industrial, food, pharmaceutical, and medical). The current literature reports that the increased exposure of humans to nanomaterials could toxicologically affect their environment. Hence, this paper aims to present a review on the possible nanotoxicology assays that can be used to evaluate the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials. The different ways humans are exposed to nanomaterials are discussed, and the recent toxicity evaluation approaches of these nanomaterials are critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Leudjo Taka
- Department of Chemistry/Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (F.M.M.); (E.B.N.)
- Institute of Chemical & Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park, Sebokeng 1983, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Mungho Tata
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (C.M.T.); (X.Y.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bamenda, Bambili 00237, Cameroon
| | - Michael John Klink
- Department of Chemistry/Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (F.M.M.); (E.B.N.)
| | - Xavier Yangkou Mbianda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (C.M.T.); (X.Y.M.)
| | - Fanyana Moses Mtunzi
- Department of Chemistry/Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (F.M.M.); (E.B.N.)
- Institute of Chemical & Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park, Sebokeng 1983, South Africa
| | - Eliazer Bobby Naidoo
- Department of Chemistry/Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (F.M.M.); (E.B.N.)
- Institute of Chemical & Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Southern Gauteng Science and Technology Park, Sebokeng 1983, South Africa
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Bredeck G, Kämpfer AAM, Sofranko A, Wahle T, Büttner V, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Ingested Engineered Nanomaterials Affect the Expression of Mucin Genes-An In Vitro-In Vivo Comparison. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102621. [PMID: 34685068 PMCID: PMC8537393 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in food has fueled the development of intestinal in vitro models for toxicity testing. However, ENM effects on intestinal mucus have barely been addressed, although its crucial role for intestinal health is evident. We investigated the effects of ENM on mucin expression and aimed to evaluate the suitability of four in vitro models of increasing complexity compared to a mouse model exposed through feed pellets. We assessed the gene expression of the mucins MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC13 and MUC20 and the chemokine interleukin-8 in pre-confluent and confluent HT29-MTX-E12 cells, in stable and inflamed triple cultures of Caco-2, HT29-MTX-E12 and THP-1 cells, and in the ileum of mice following exposure to TiO2, Ag, CeO2 or SiO2. All ENM had shared and specific effects. CeO2 downregulated MUC1 in confluent E12 cells and in mice. Ag induced downregulation of Muc2 in mice. Overall, the in vivo data were consistent with the findings in the stable triple cultures and the confluent HT29-MTX-E12 cells but not in pre-confluent cells, indicating the higher relevance of advanced models for hazard assessment. The effects on MUC1 and MUC2 suggest that specific ENM may lead to an elevated susceptibility towards intestinal infections and inflammations.
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Tirumala MG, Anchi P, Raja S, Rachamalla M, Godugu C. Novel Methods and Approaches for Safety Evaluation of Nanoparticle Formulations: A Focus Towards In Vitro Models and Adverse Outcome Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:612659. [PMID: 34566630 PMCID: PMC8458898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.612659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotoxicology is an emerging field employed in the assessment of unintentional hazardous effects produced by nanoparticles (NPs) impacting human health and the environment. The nanotoxicity affects the range between induction of cellular stress and cytotoxicity. The reasons so far reported for these toxicological effects are due to their variable sizes with high surface areas, shape, charge, and physicochemical properties, which upon interaction with the biological components may influence their functioning and result in adverse outcomes (AO). Thus, understanding the risk produced by these materials now is an important safety concern for the development of nanotechnology and nanomedicine. Since the time nanotoxicology has evolved, the methods employed have been majorly relied on in vitro cell-based evaluations, while these simple methods may not predict the complexity involved in preclinical and clinical conditions concerning pharmacokinetics, organ toxicity, and toxicities evidenced through multiple cellular levels. The safety profiles of nanoscale nanomaterials and nanoformulations in the delivery of drugs and therapeutic applications are of considerable concern. In addition, the safety assessment for new nanomedicine formulas lacks regulatory standards. Though the in vivo studies are greatly needed, the end parameters used for risk assessment are not predicting the possible toxic effects produced by various nanoformulations. On the other side, due to increased restrictions on animal usage and demand for the need for high-throughput assays, there is a need for developing and exploring novel methods to evaluate NPs safety concerns. The progress made in molecular biology and the availability of several modern techniques may offer novel and innovative methods to evaluate the toxicological behavior of different NPs by using single cells, cell population, and whole organisms. This review highlights the recent novel methods developed for the evaluation of the safety impacts of NPs and attempts to solve the problems that come with risk assessment. The relevance of investigating adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) in nanotoxicology has been stressed in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounika Gayathri Tirumala
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pratibha Anchi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Susmitha Raja
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Kulsharova G, Kurmangaliyeva A, Darbayeva E, Rojas-Solórzano L, Toxeitova G. Development of a Hybrid Polymer-Based Microfluidic Platform for Culturing Hepatocytes towards Liver-on-a-Chip Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193215. [PMID: 34641031 PMCID: PMC8513053 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug development process can greatly benefit from liver-on-a-chip platforms aiming to recapitulate the physiology, mechanisms, and functionalities of liver cells in an in vitro environment. The liver is the most important organ in drug metabolism investigation. Here, we report the development of a hybrid cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic (HCP) platform to culture a Huh7 hepatoma cell line in dynamic conditions towards the development of a liver-on-a-chip system. The microfluidic platform is comprised of a COC bottom layer with a microchannel and PDMS-based flat top layer sandwiched together. The HCP device was applied for culturing Huh7 cells grown on a collagen-coated microchannel. A computational fluid dynamics modeling study was conducted for the HCP device design revealing the presence of air volume fraction in the chamber and methods for optimizing experimental handling of the device. The functionality and metabolic activity of perfusion culture were assessed by the secretion rates of albumin, urea, and cell viability visualization. The HCP device hepatic culture remained functional and intact for 24 h, as assessed by resulting levels of biomarkers similar to published studies on other in vitro and 2D cell models. The present results provide a proof-of-concept demonstration of the hybrid COC–PDMS microfluidic chip for successfully culturing a Huh7 hepatoma cell line, thus paving the path towards developing a liver-on-a-chip platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsim Kulsharova
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (E.D.); (L.R.-S.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Akbota Kurmangaliyeva
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Elvira Darbayeva
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (E.D.); (L.R.-S.); (G.T.)
| | - Luis Rojas-Solórzano
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (E.D.); (L.R.-S.); (G.T.)
| | - Galiya Toxeitova
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (E.D.); (L.R.-S.); (G.T.)
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Nanosafety vs. nanotoxicology: adequate animal models for testing in vivo toxicity of nanoparticles. Toxicology 2021; 462:152952. [PMID: 34543703 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanotoxicological studies using existing models of normal cells and animals often encounter a paradox: retention of nanoparticles in intracellular compartments for a long time is not accompanied by any significant toxicological effects. Can we expect that the revealed changes will be not harmful after translation to practice, outside of a sterile laboratory and ideally healthy organisms? Age-associated and pathological processes can affect target organs, metabolism, and detoxification in the mononuclear phagocyte system organs and change biodistribution routes, thus making the use of nanomaterial not safe. The potential solution to this issue can be testing the toxic properties of nanoparticles in animal models with chronic diseases. However, current studies of nanotoxicity in animal models with a brain, cardiovascular system, liver, digestive tract, reproductive system, and skin diseases are unsystematic. Even though these studies demonstrate the emergence of new toxic effects that are not present in healthy animals. In this regard, we set the goal of this review as the formulation of the requirements for an animal model capable of assessing the potential toxicity of nanoparticles based on the nanosafety approach.
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Singh AV, Romeo A, Scott K, Wagener S, Leibrock L, Laux P, Luch A, Kerkar P, Balakrishnan S, Dakua SP, Park B. Emerging Technologies for In Vitro Inhalation Toxicology. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100633. [PMID: 34292676 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory toxicology remains a major research area in the 21st century since current scenario of airborne viral infection transmission and pollutant inhalation is expected to raise the annual morbidity beyond 2 million. Clinical and epidemiological research connecting human exposure to air contaminants to understand adverse pulmonary health outcomes is, therefore, an immediate subject of human health assessment. Important observations in defining systemic effects of environmental contaminants on inhalation metabolic dysfunction, liver health, and gastrointestinal tract have been well explored with in vivo models. In this review, a framework is provided, a paradigm is established about inhalation toxicity testing in vitro, and a brief overview of breathing Lungs-on-Chip (LoC) as design concepts is given. The optimized bioengineering approaches and microfluidics with their fundamental pros, and cons are presented. There are different strategies that researchers apply to inhalation toxicity studies to assess a variety of inhalable substances and relevant LoC approaches. A case study from published literature and frame arguments about reproducibility as well as in vitro/in vivo correlations are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in soft robotics, systems inhalation toxicology approach integrating bioengineering, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to address a multitude model for future toxicology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Anthony Romeo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rayen School of Engineering Youngstown State University Youngstown OH 44555 USA
| | - Kassandra Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rayen School of Engineering Youngstown State University Youngstown OH 44555 USA
| | - Sandra Wagener
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Lars Leibrock
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max‐Dohrn‐Strasse 8‐10 Berlin 10589 Germany
| | - Pranali Kerkar
- ICMR – National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) Pune Maharashtra 411026 India
| | - Shidin Balakrishnan
- Department of Surgery Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) PO Box 3050 Doha Qatar
| | - Sarada Prasad Dakua
- Department of Surgery Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) PO Box 3050 Doha Qatar
| | - Byung‐Wook Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering Rayen School of Engineering Youngstown State University Youngstown OH 44555 USA
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Arezki Y, Cornacchia J, Rapp M, Lebeau L, Pons F, Ronzani C. A Co-Culture Model of the Human Respiratory Tract to Discriminate the Toxicological Profile of Cationic Nanoparticles According to Their Surface Charge Density. TOXICS 2021; 9:210. [PMID: 34564361 PMCID: PMC8470030 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at discriminating with sensitivity the toxicological effects of carbon dots (CDs) with various zeta potential (ζ) and charge density (Qek) in different cellular models of the human respiratory tract. One anionic and three cationic CDs were synthetized as follows: CD-COOH (ζ = -43.3 mV); CD-PEI600 (Qek = 4.70 µmol/mg; ζ = +31.8 mV); CD-PEHA (Qek = 3.30 µmol/mg; ζ = +29.2 mV) and CD-DMEDA (Qek = 0.01 µmol/mg; ζ = +11.1 mV). Epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (THP-1) were seeded alone or as co-cultures with different A549:THP-1 ratios. The obtained models were characterized, and multiple biological responses evoked by CDs were assessed in the mono-cultures and the best co-culture model. With 14% macrophages, the 2:1 ratio co-culture best mimicked the in vivo conditions and responded to lipopolysaccharides. The anionic CD did not induce any effect in the mono-cultures nor in the co-culture. Among the cationic CDs, the one with the highest charge density (CD-PEI600) induced the most pronounced responses whatever the culture model. The cationic CDs of low charge density (CD-PEHA and CD-DMEDA) evoked similar responses in the mono-cultures, whereas in the co-culture, the three cationic CDs ranked according to their charge density (CD-PEI600 > CD-PEHA > CD-DMEDA), when taking into account their inflammatory effect. Thus, the co-culture system developed in this study appears to be a sensitive model for finely discriminating the toxicological profile of cationic nanoparticles differing by the density of their surface charges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carole Ronzani
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France; (Y.A.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (L.L.); (F.P.)
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Cortez‐Jugo C, Czuba‐Wojnilowicz E, Tan A, Caruso F. A Focus on "Bio" in Bio-Nanoscience: The Impact of Biological Factors on Nanomaterial Interactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100574. [PMID: 34170631 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bio-nanoscience research encompasses studies on the interactions of nanomaterials with biological structures or what is commonly referred to as the biointerface. Fundamental studies on the influence of nanomaterial properties, including size, shape, composition, and charge, on the interaction with the biointerface have been central in bio-nanoscience to assess nanomaterial efficacy and safety for a range of biomedical applications. However, the state of the cells, tissues, or biological models can also influence the behavior of nanomaterials at the biointerface and their intracellular processing. Focusing on the "bio" in bio-nano, this review discusses the impact of biological properties at the cellular, tissue, and whole organism level that influences nanomaterial behavior, including cell type, cell cycle, tumor physiology, and disease states. Understanding how the biological factors can be addressed or exploited to enhance nanomaterial accumulation and uptake can guide the design of better and suitable models to improve the outcomes of materials in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cortez‐Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Ewa Czuba‐Wojnilowicz
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Abigail Tan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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Effects of Workers Exposure to Nanoparticles Studied by NMR Metabolomics. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of occupational exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) were studied by NMR metabolomics. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and blood plasma samples were obtained from a research nanoparticles-processing unit at a national research university. The samples were taken from three groups of subjects: samples from workers exposed to nanoparticles collected before and after shift, and from controls not exposed to NPs. Altogether, 60 1H NMR spectra of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples and 60 1H NMR spectra of blood plasma samples were analysed, 20 in each group. The metabolites identified together with binning data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, which provided clear discrimination of the groups studied. Statistically significant metabolites responsible for group separation served as a foundation for analysis of impaired metabolic pathways. It was found that the acute effect of NPs exposure is mainly reflected in the pathways related to the production of antioxidants and other protective species, while the chronic effect is manifested mainly in the alteration of glutamine and glutamate metabolism, and the purine metabolism pathway.
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Tasiopoulos CP, Gustafsson L, van der Wijngaart W, Hedhammar M. Fibrillar Nanomembranes of Recombinant Spider Silk Protein Support Cell Co-culture in an In Vitro Blood Vessel Wall Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3332-3339. [PMID: 34169711 PMCID: PMC8290846 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Basement membrane
is a thin but dense network of self-assembled
extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibrils that anchors and physically
separates epithelial/endothelial cells from the underlying connective
tissue. Current replicas of the basement membrane utilize either synthetic
or biological polymers but have not yet recapitulated its geometric
and functional complexity highly enough to yield representative in vitro co-culture tissue models. In an attempt to model
the vessel wall, we seeded endothelial and smooth muscle cells on
either side of 470 ± 110 nm thin, mechanically robust, and nanofibrillar
membranes of recombinant spider silk protein. On the apical side,
a confluent endothelium formed within 4 days, with the ability to
regulate the permeation of representative molecules (3 and 10 kDa
dextran and IgG). On the basolateral side, smooth muscle cells produced
a thicker ECM with enhanced barrier properties compared to conventional
tissue culture inserts. The membranes withstood 520 ± 80 Pa pressure
difference, which is of the same magnitude as capillary blood pressure in vivo. This use of protein nanomembranes with relevant
properties for co-culture opens up for developing advanced in vitro tissue models for drug screening and potent substrates
in organ-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Panagiotis Tasiopoulos
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnea Gustafsson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
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Nanoformulation Shows Cytotoxicity against Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Antiangiogenic Activity in Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060862. [PMID: 34208088 PMCID: PMC8230781 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a histological and genetically heterogeneous brain tumor that is highly proliferative and vascularized. The prognosis is poor with currently available treatment. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic activity of doxorubicin-loaded-chitosan-coated-arginylglycylaspartic acid-functionalized-poly(ε-caprolactone)-alpha bisabolol-LNC (AB-DOX-LNC-L-C-RGD). The nanoformulation was prepared by self-assembling followed by interfacial reactions, physicochemically characterized and evaluated in vitro against GB cell lines (U87MG and U138MG) and in vivo using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM). Spherical shape nanocapsules had a hydrodynamic mean diameter of 138 nm, zeta potential of +13.4 mV, doxorubicin encapsulation of 65%, and RGD conjugation of 92%. After 24 h of treatment (U87MG and U138MG), the median inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 520 and 490 nmol L−1 doxorubicin-equivalent concentrations, respectively. The treatment induced antiproliferative activity with S-phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in the GB cells. Furthermore, after 48 h of exposure, evaluation of antiangiogenic activity (CAM) showed that the relative vessel growth following treatment with the nanocapsules was 5.4 times lower than that with the control treatment. The results support the therapeutic potential of the nanoformulation against GB and, thereby, pave the way for future preclinical studies.
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Soriano L, Khalid T, O’Brien FJ, O’Leary C, Cryan SA. A Tissue-Engineered Tracheobronchial In Vitro Co-Culture Model for Determining Epithelial Toxicological and Inflammatory Responses. Biomedicines 2021; 9:631. [PMID: 34199462 PMCID: PMC8226664 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of novel inhalable therapies for respiratory diseases is hampered due to the lack of in vitro cell models that reflect the complexity of native tissue, resulting in many novel drugs and formulations failing to progress beyond preclinical assessments. The development of physiologically-representative tracheobronchial tissue analogues has the potential to improve the translation of new treatments by more accurately reflecting in vivo respiratory pharmacological and toxicological responses. Herein, advanced tissue-engineered collagen hyaluronic acid bilayered scaffolds (CHyA-B) previously developed within our group were used to evaluate bacterial and drug-induced toxicity and inflammation for the first time. Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cells and Wi38 lung fibroblasts were grown on either CHyA-B scaffolds (3D) or Transwell® inserts (2D) under air liquid interface (ALI) conditions. Toxicological and inflammatory responses from epithelial monocultures and co-cultures grown in 2D or 3D were compared, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bleomycin challenges to induce bacterial and drug responses in vitro. The 3D in vitro model exhibited significant epithelial barrier formation that was maintained upon introduction of co-culture conditions. Barrier integrity showed differential recovery in CHyA-B and Transwell® epithelial cultures. Basolateral secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines to bacterial challenge was found to be higher from cells grown in 3D compared to 2D. In addition, higher cytotoxicity and increased basolateral levels of cytokines were detected when epithelial cultures grown in 3D were challenged with bleomycin. CHyA-B scaffolds support the growth and differentiation of bronchial epithelial cells in a 3D co-culture model with different transepithelial resistance in comparison to the same co-cultures grown on Transwell® inserts. Epithelial cultures in an extracellular matrix like environment show distinct responses in cytokine release and metabolic activity compared to 2D polarised models, which better mimic in vivo response to toxic and inflammatory stimuli offering an innovative in vitro platform for respiratory drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Soriano
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tehreem Khalid
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cian O’Leary
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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Smith JN, Skinner AW. Translating nanoparticle dosimetry from conventional in vitro systems to occupational inhalation exposures. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 2021; 155:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105771. [PMID: 35979194 PMCID: PMC9380399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As encouraged by Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century, researchers increasingly apply high-throughput in vitro approaches to identify and characterize nanoparticle hazards, including conventional aqueous cell culture systems to assess respiratory hazards. Translating nanoparticle dose from conventional toxicity testing systems to relevant human exposures remains a major challenge for assessing occupational risk of nanoparticle exposures. Here, we explored existing computational tools and data available to translate nanoparticle dose metrics from cellular test systems to inhalation exposures of silver nanoparticles in humans. We used the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) Model to predict nanoparticle deposition of humans exposed to 20 and 110 nm silver nanoparticles at 0.9 μg/m3 over an 8 h period, the proposed National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit (REL). MPPD predicts 8.1 and 3.7 μg of silver deposited in an 8 h period for 20 and 110 nm nanoparticles, respectively, with 20 nm particles displaying nearly 11-fold higher total surface area deposited. Peak deposited nanoparticle concentrations occurred more proximal in the pulmonary tract compared to mass deposition patterns (generation 4 vs. generations 20-21, respectively) due to regional differences in lung lining fluid volumes. Assuming 0.4% nanoparticle dissolution by mass measured in previous studies predicted peak concentrations of silver ions in cells of 1.06 and 0.89 μg/mL for 20 and 110 nm particles, respectively. Both predicted concentrations are below the measured toxic threshold of 1.7 μg/mL of silver ions in cells from in vitro assessments. Assuming 4% dissolution by mass predicted 10-fold higher silver concentrations in tissues, peaking at 10.6 and 8.9 μg/mL, for 20 and 110 nm nanoparticles respectively, exceeding the observed in vitro toxic threshold and highlighting the importance and sensitivity of dissolution rates. Overall, this approach offers a framework for extrapolating nanotoxicity results from in vitro cell culture systems to human exposures. Aligning appropriate dose metrics from in vitro and in vivo hazard characterizations and human pulmonary doses from occupational exposures are critical components for successful nanoparticle risk assessment and worker protection providing guidance for designing future in vitro studies aimed at relevant human exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Ned Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Andrew W. Skinner
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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Nabi SU, Ali SI, Rather MA, Sheikh WM, Altaf M, Singh H, Mumtaz PT, Mishra NC, Nazir SU, Bashir SM. Organoids: A new approach in toxicity testing of nanotherapeutics. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:52-72. [PMID: 34060108 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized diverse fields, which include agriculture, the consumer market, medicine, and other fields. Widespread use of nanotechnology-based products has led to increased prevalence of these novel formulations in the environment, which has raised concerns regarding their deleterious effects. The application of nanotechnology-based formulations into clinical use is hampered by the lack of the availability of effective in vitro systems, which could accurately assess their in vivo toxic effects. A plethora of studies has shown the hazardous effects of nanoparticle-based formulations in two-dimensional in vitro cell cultures and animal models. These have some associated disadvantages when used for the evaluation of nano-toxicity. Organoid technology fills the space between existing two-dimensional cell line culture and in vivo models. The uniqueness of organoids over other systems for evaluating toxicity caused by nano-drug formulation includes them being a co-culture of diverse cell types, dynamic flow within them that simulates the actual flow of nanoparticles within biological systems, extensive cell-cell, cell-matrix interactions, and a tissue-like morphology. Thus, it mimics the actual tissue microenvironment and, subsequently, provides an opportunity to study drug metabolism and toxico-dynamics of nanotechnology-based novel formulations. The use of organoids in the evaluation of nano-drug toxicity is in its infancy. A limited number of studies conducted so far have shown good predictive value and efficiently significant data correlation with the clinical trials. In this review, we attempt to introduce organoids of the liver, lungs, brain, kidney intestine, and potential applications to evaluate toxicity caused by nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Rather
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Wajid Mohammad Sheikh
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mehvish Altaf
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science & Technology, Awantipora, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hemant Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Mishra
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sheikh Uzma Nazir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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49
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Revel M, Roman C, Châtel A. Is cell culture a suitable tool for the evaluation of micro- and nanoplastics ecotoxicity? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:421-430. [PMID: 33580466 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particles have been described in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. An increasing number of studies have tried to evaluate the toxic impacts of microplastics (1-5000 µm) but also nanoplastics (<1 µm) in marine and freshwater organisms. However, the wide variety of plastic particles characteristics such as various sizes, shapes, functionalization or types of polymer, makes it difficult to evaluate their impact with regular ecotoxicity testing. In this context, cell culture, mainly used in human toxicology, could be a promising tool to evaluate micro- and nanoplastics toxicity with a wide diversity of conditions allowing to generate a large set of data. This review presents the current research on micro and nanoplastics using cell culture of marine and freshwater organisms, describes the limitations of cell culture tool and defines whether this tool can be considered as a relevant alternative strategy for ecotoxic evaluation of micro and nanoplastics especially for future regulatory needs. Articles using specifically cell culture tool from aquatic organisms such as fish or bivalves were identified. The majority evaluated the toxicity of polystyrene nanobeads on immune parameters, oxidative stress or DNA damage in fish cells. Although most of the papers characterized nanoplastic particles into the cell culture media, the relevance of testing conditions is not always clear. The development of cell culture can offer many opportunities for the evaluation of plastic particles' cellular impacts, but more research is needed to develop relevant culture models, on various aquatic organisms, and with consideration of abiotic parameters especially composition of cell culture media for nanoplastic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messika Revel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000, Angers, France.
| | - Coraline Roman
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000, Angers, France
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50
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Bessa MJ, Brandão F, Fokkens P, Cassee FR, Salmatonidis A, Viana M, Vulpoi A, Simon S, Monfort E, Teixeira JP, Fraga S. Toxicity assessment of industrial engineered and airborne process-generated nanoparticles in a 3D human airway epithelial in vitro model. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:542-557. [PMID: 33734024 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1897698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The advanced ceramic technology has been pointed out as a potentially relevant case of occupational exposure to nanoparticles (NP). Not only when nanoscale powders are being used for production, but also in the high-temperature processing of ceramic materials there is also a high potential for NP release into the workplace environment. In vitro toxicity of engineered NP (ENP) [antimony tin oxide (Sb2O3•SnO2; ATO); zirconium oxide (ZrO2)], as well as process-generated NP (PGNP), and fine particles (PGFP), was assessed in MucilAir™ cultures at air-liquid interface (ALI). Cultures were exposed during three consecutive days to varying doses of the aerosolized NP. General cytotoxicity [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, WST-1 metabolization], (oxidative) DNA damage, and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-8 and MCP-1) were assessed. Data revealed that ENP (5.56 µg ATO/cm2 and 10.98 µg ZrO2/cm2) only caused mild cytotoxicity at early timepoints (24 h), whereas cells seemed to recover quickly since no significant changes in cytotoxicity were observed at late timepoints (72 h). No meaningful effects of the ENP were observed regarding DNA damage and cytokine levels. PGFP affected cell viability at dose levels as low as ∼9 µg/cm2, which was not seen for PGNP. However, exposure to PGNP (∼4.5 µg/cm2) caused an increase in oxidative DNA damage. These results indicated that PGFP and PGNP exhibit higher toxicity potential than ENP in mass per area unit. However, the presence of a mucociliary apparatus, as it occurs in vivo as a defense mechanism, seems to considerably attenuate the observed toxic effects. Our findings highlight the potential hazard associated with exposure to incidental NP in industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bessa
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paul Fokkens
- National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Apostolos Salmatonidis
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Viana
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Simon
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eliseo Monfort
- Institute of Ceramic Technology (ITC), Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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