1
|
Xu T, Chen Y, Zhan W, Chung KF, Qiu Z, Huang K, Chen R, Xie J, Wang G, Zhang M, Wang X, Yao H, Liao X, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Zhang W, Sun D, Zhu J, Jiang S, Feng J, Zhao J, Sun G, Huang H, Zhang J, Wang L, Wu F, Li S, Xu P, Chi C, Chen P, Jiang M, He W, Huang L, Luo W, Li S, Zhong N, Lai K. Profiles of Cough and Associated Risk Factors in Nonhospitalized Individuals With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection: Cross-Sectional Online Survey in China. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47453. [PMID: 38315527 PMCID: PMC10877488 DOI: 10.2196/47453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cough is a common symptom during and after COVID-19 infection; however, few studies have described the cough profiles of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors of severe and persistent cough in individuals with COVID-19 during the latest wave of the Omicron variant in China. METHODS In this nationwide cross-sectional study, we collected information of the characteristics of cough from individuals with infection of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant using an online questionnaire sent between December 31, 2022, and January 11, 2023. RESULTS There were 11,718 (n=7978, 68.1% female) nonhospitalized responders, with a median age of 37 (IQR 30-47) years who responded at a median of 16 (IQR 12-20) days from infection onset to the time of the survey. Cough was the most common symptom, occurring in 91.7% of participants, followed by fever, fatigue, and nasal congestion (68.8%-87.4%). The median cough visual analog scale (VAS) score was 70 (IQR 50-80) mm. Being female (odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95% CI 1.20-1.43), having a COVID-19 vaccination history (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.37-2.12), current smoking (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.41-0.58), chronic cough (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.69-2.45), coronary heart disease (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.17-2.52), asthma (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.46), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.45) were independent factors for severe cough (VAS>70, 37.4%). Among all respondents, 35.0% indicated having a productive cough, which was associated with risk factors of being female (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.31-1.57), having asthma (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.52-2.22), chronic cough (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.19-1.74), and GERD (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.47). Persistent cough (>3 weeks) occurred in 13.0% of individuals, which was associated with the risk factors of having diabetes (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.30-3.85), asthma (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.11-2.62), and chronic cough (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.32-2.94). CONCLUSIONS Cough is the most common symptom in nonhospitalized individuals with Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant infection. Being female, having asthma, chronic cough, GERD, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and a COVID-19 vaccination history emerged as independent factors associated with severe cough, productive cough, and persistent cough.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Experimental Studies Unit, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongmin Qiu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewu Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruchong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefen Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiuqing Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gengyun Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Huaqiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- The Second Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Suyun Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pusheng Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Chi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianrong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng S, Fan Z, Zhou K, Ma S, Liang M, Zhang H, Xie Y, Ha Z, Jin N, Lu H. Subunit vaccine raised against the SARS-CoV-2 spike of Delta and Omicron variants. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29160. [PMID: 37822266 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has proven effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection but vaccines were originally based on the wild type and emerging variants have led to a decrease in protective efficacy. There is an urgent need for broad-spectrum vaccine protection against emerging variants. A vaccine based on the Delta strain spike protein was created by optimization of vector, codon, and protein structure to produce a subunit immunogen (Delta-6P-S) containing six proline mutations, stable pre-fusion conformation, and with high expression in CHO-S cells. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated in mice and golden hamsters using alum adjuvant. The Delta-6P-S recombinant protein induced strong immune responses in C57BL/6J mice and golden hamsters and sera had cross-neutralization activity and neutralized wild type and Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 variant strains. Golden hamsters were immunized against Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2 variants. Viral RNA detected from throat swabs, lungs and tracheas decreased significantly in vaccine-inoculated animals relative to alum-treated controls and no infectious viruses were detected in lungs and tracheas. Almost no pathological damage to lung tissue was found in vaccinated animals by contrast with those treated only with alum. The Delta-6P-S recombinant protein rapidly eliminated replicating virus in the upper and lower airways of golden hamsters and merits further investigation as a candidate anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zechang Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Keyue Zhou
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Beijing Northland Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Li M, Lu P, Li C, Zhao C, Zhao X, Qiao R, Cui Y, Chen Y, Li J, Cai G, Wang P. In Vitro Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Could Be Abolished by Adding Human IgG. Pathogens 2023; 12:1108. [PMID: 37764916 PMCID: PMC10535176 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of other viruses has raised concerns about the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and antibody therapeutics. In vitro studies have shown ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we also found that vaccination/convalescent sera and some approved monoclonal antibodies can enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection of FcR-expressing B cells in vitro. However, the enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be prevented by blocking Fc-FcR interaction through the addition of human serum/IgG or the introduction of mutations in the Fc portion of the antibody. It should be noted that ADE activity observed on FcR-expressing cells in vitro may not necessarily reflect the situation in vivo; therefore, animal and clinical data should be included for ADE evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- Reproductive Center, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chaoyue Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuchen Cui
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanjia Chen
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guonan Cai
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lobaina Y, Chen R, Suzarte E, Ai P, Huerta V, Tan C, Alvarez-Lajonchere L, Liling Y, Musacchio A, Silva R, Guillén G, Zaixue J, Yang K, Perera Y, Hermida L. Broad humoral immunity generated in mice by a formulation composed of two antigens from the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. Arch Virol 2023; 168:190. [PMID: 37351679 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the real threat of new coronavirus zoonosis events, the development of a preventive vaccine with a broader scope of functionality is highly desirable. Previously, we reported the functionality of a nasal formulation containing the nucleocapsid protein and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 combined with the ODN-39M adjuvant. This combination induced cross-reactive immunity in mucosal and systemic compartments at the sarbecovirus level. In the present study, we explored the magnitude of the immunity generated in BALB/c mice by the same formulation with alum added as an additional adjuvant, to enhance the humoral immunity against the two antigens. Animals were immunized with three doses of the bivalent formulation, administered by subcutaneous route. Humoral immunity was tested by ELISA, and the neutralizing capacity of the resulting antibodies (Abs) was evaluated using a surrogate test and a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudovirus-based assay. Cell-mediated immunity was also investigated using an IFN-γ ELISpot assay. High levels of antibodies against both antigens (N and RBD) were obtained upon immunization. Anti-RBD Abs with neutralizing capacity reacted with the RBD of three SARS-CoV-2 variants tested, including Omicron. Abs recognizing the nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-1 and the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants were also detected. Taken together, these results suggest that this bivalent formulation could be an attractive component of a pancorona vaccine able to broaden the scope of humoral immunity against both antigens. This will be particularly important for the reinforcement of immunity in previously vaccinated and/or infected populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Lobaina
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Research Department, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co. Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Edith Suzarte
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Panchao Ai
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co. Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Vivian Huerta
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Changyuan Tan
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co. Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Liz Alvarez-Lajonchere
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yang Liling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Ninth People's Hospital, No. 88, Shaditang, Guancheng District, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Alexis Musacchio
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ricardo Silva
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Scientific Department, Representative Office of BioCubaFarma in China, Jingtai Tower, No. 24 Jianguomen Wai Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Gerardo Guillén
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jiang Zaixue
- Guangdong Eighth People's Hospital, No. 68 South, Shilong Xihu 3rd Road, Shilong Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China.
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co. Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, Hunan, China.
| | - Yasser Perera
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China.
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba.
- Research Department, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China.
| | - Lisset Hermida
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China.
- Scientific Department, Representative Office of BioCubaFarma in China, Jingtai Tower, No. 24 Jianguomen Wai Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100022, China.
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co. Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Batra G, Murugesan DR, Raghavan S, Chattopadhyay S, Mehdi F, Ayushi, Gosain M, Singh S, Das SJ, Deshpande S, Sonar S, Jakhar K, Bhattacharya J, Mani S, Pandey AK, Sankalp, Goswami S, Das A, Dwivedi T, Sharma N, Kumar S, Sharma P, Kapoor S, Kshetrapal P, Wadhwa N, Thiruvengadam R, Kumar R, Gupta R, Garg PK, Bhatnagar S. Trends of humoral immune responses to heterologous antigenic exposure due to vaccination & omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection: Implications for boosting. Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:509-518. [PMID: 37322634 PMCID: PMC10466496 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2521_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Vaccination and natural infection can both augment the immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but how omicron infection has affected the vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity is not well studied in Indian population. The present study was aimed to assess the durability and change in responses of humoral immunity with age, prior natural infection, vaccine type and duration with a minimum gap of six months post-two doses with either ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BBV152 prior- and post-emergence of the omicron variant. Methods A total of 1300 participants were included in this observational study between November 2021 and May 2022. Participants had completed at least six months after vaccination (2 doses) with either ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or an inactivated whole virus vaccine BBV152. They were grouped according to their age (≤ or ≥60 yr) and prior exposure of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Five hundred and sixteen of these participants were followed up after emergence of the Omicron variant. The main outcome was durability and augmentation of the humoral immune response as determined by anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations, anti-nucleocapsid antibodies and anti-omicron RBD antibodies. Live virus neutralization assay was conducted for neutralizing antibodies against four variants - ancestral, delta and omicron and omicron sublineage BA.5. Results Before the omicron surge, serum anti-RBD IgG antibodies were detected in 87 per cent participants after a median gap of eight months from the second vaccine dose, with a median titre of 114 [interquartile range (IQR) 32, 302] BAU/ml. The levels increased to 594 (252, 1230) BAU/ml post-omicron surge (P<0.001) with 97 per cent participants having detectable antibodies, although only 40 had symptomatic infection during the omicron surge irrespective of vaccine type and previous history of infection. Those with prior natural infection and vaccination had higher anti-RBD IgG titre at baseline, which increased further [352 (IQR 131, 869) to 816 (IQR 383, 2001) BAU/ml] (P<0.001). The antibody levels remained elevated after a mean time gap of 10 months, although there was a decline of 41 per cent. The geometric mean titre was 452.54, 172.80, 83.1 and 76.99 against the ancestral, delta, omicron and omicron BA.5 variants in the live virus neutralization assay. Interpretation & conclusions Anti-RBD IgG antibodies were detected in 85 per cent of participants after a median gap of eight months following the second vaccine dose. Omicron infection probably resulted in a substantial proportion of asymptomatic infection in the first four months in our study population and boosted the vaccine-induced humoral immune response, which declined but still remained durable over 10 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Batra
- Centre for Bio Design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Rathna Murugesan
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sreevatsan Raghavan
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Souvick Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Bio Design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Farha Mehdi
- Centre for Bio Design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ayushi
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Mudita Gosain
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Savita Singh
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Soon Jyoti Das
- Centre for Bio Design and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Suprit Deshpande
- Centre for Viral Therapeutics and Vaccine, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sudipta Sonar
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Kamini Jakhar
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharya
- Centre for Viral Therapeutics and Vaccine, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shailendra Mani
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pandey
- Department of Physiology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sankalp
- Department of Physiology, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shweta Goswami
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Asim Das
- ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Tanima Dwivedi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Nandini Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College & Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Maulana Azad Medical College & Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragya Sharma
- Andaman & Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Kshetrapal
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Nitya Wadhwa
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ramachandran Thiruvengadam
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R.A Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Garg
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yaugel-Novoa M, Noailly B, Jospin F, Berger AE, Waeckel L, Botelho-Nevers E, Longet S, Bourlet T, Paul S. Prior COVID-19 Immunization Does Not Cause IgA- or IgG-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040773. [PMID: 37112685 PMCID: PMC10141984 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) can increase the rates and severity of infection with various viruses, including coronaviruses, such as MERS. Some in vitro studies on COVID-19 have suggested that prior immunization enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection, but preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the contrary. We studied a cohort of COVID-19 patients and a cohort of vaccinated individuals with a heterologous (Moderna/Pfizer) or homologous (Pfizer/Pfizer) vaccination scheme. The dependence on IgG or IgA of ADE of infection was evaluated on the serum samples from these subjects (twenty-six vaccinated individuals and twenty-one PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2-infected patients) using an in vitro model with CD16- or CD89-expressing cells and the Delta (B.1.617.2 lineage) and Omicron (B.1.1.529 lineage) variants of SARS-CoV-2. Sera from COVID-19 patients did not show ADE of infection with any of the tested viral variants. Some serum samples from vaccinated individuals displayed a mild IgA-ADE effect with Omicron after the second dose of the vaccine, but this effect was abolished after the completion of the full vaccination scheme. In this study, FcγRIIIa- and FcαRI-dependent ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection after prior immunization, which might increase the risk of severe disease in a second natural infection, was not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Noailly
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Anne-Emmanuelle Berger
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphanie Longet
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Agents and Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055 Saint-Etienne, France
- CIC 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055 Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yaugel-Novoa M, Bourlet T, Paul S. Role of the humoral immune response during COVID-19: guilty or not guilty? Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1170-1180. [PMID: 36195658 PMCID: PMC9530436 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic and mucosal humoral immune responses are crucial to fight respiratory viral infections in the current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, the dynamics of systemic and mucosal antibody infections are affected by patient characteristics, such as age, sex, disease severity, or prior immunity to other human coronaviruses. Patients suffering from severe disease develop higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and mucosal tissues than those with mild disease, and these antibodies are detectable for up to a year after symptom onset. In hospitalized patients, the aberrant glycosylation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies enhances inflammation-associated antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, thereby contributing to COVID-19 pathophysiology. Current vaccines elicit robust humoral immune responses, principally in the blood. However, they are less effective against new viral variants, such as Delta and Omicron. This review provides an overview of current knowledge about the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with a particular focus on the protective and pathological role of humoral immunity in COVID-19 severity. We also discuss the humoral immune response elicited by COVID-19 vaccination and protection against emerging viral variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France,CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luan N, Li T, Wang Y, Cao H, Yin X, Lin K, Liu C. Th2-Oriented Immune Serum After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Does Not Enhance Infection In Vitro. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882856. [PMID: 35464483 PMCID: PMC9024142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively lower protection rate of the alum-adjuvanted inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines reminds us of the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) phenomenon observed in preclinical studies during the development of vaccines for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1). In this study, using the S1 segment of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or inactivated whole SARS-CoV-2 virus as an antigen and aluminum as an adjuvant, the risk of ADE of infection with T helper 2 (Th2)-oriented immune serum from mice (N=6) and humans (N=5) was examined in immune cell lines, which show different expression patterns of Fc receptors. Neither the immune serum from alum-adjuvanted S1 subunit vaccines nor inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination enhanced SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotyped virus infection in any of the tested cell lines in vitro. Because both of these Th2-oriented immune sera could block SARS-CoV-2 infection without ADE of infection, we speculate that the lower protection rate of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may be attributed to the lower neutralizing antibody titers induced or the pulmonary eosinophilic immunopathology accompanied by eosinophilic infiltration in the lungs upon virus exposure. Adjustment of the immunization schedule to elevate the neutralizing antibody levels and skew adjuvants toward Th1-oriented responses may be considered to increase the efficacies of both inactivated and spike protein-based subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Han Cao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xingxiao Yin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Kangyang Lin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Cunbao Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hayawi K, Shahriar S, Serhani MA, Alashwal H, Masud MM. Vaccine versus Variants (3Vs): Are the COVID-19 Vaccines Effective against the Variants? A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1305. [PMID: 34835238 PMCID: PMC8622454 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, concerns are raised about the effectiveness of the existing vaccines to protect against these new variants. Although many vaccines were found to be highly effective against the reference COVID-19 strain, the same level of protection may not be found against mutation strains. The objective of this study is to systematically review relevant studies in the literature and compare the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines against new variants. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of research published in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar until 30 August 2021. Studies including clinical trials, prospective cohorts, retrospective cohorts, and test negative case-controls that reported vaccine effectiveness against any COVID-19 variants were considered. PRISMA recommendations were adopted for screening, eligibility, and inclusion. RESULTS 129 unique studies were reviewed by the search criteria, of which 35 met the inclusion criteria. These comprised of 13 test negative case-control studies, 6 Phase 1-3 clinical trials, and 16 observational studies. The study location, type, vaccines used, variants considered, and reported efficacies were highlighted. CONCLUSION Full vaccination (two doses) offers strong protection against Alpha (B.1.1.7) with 13 out of 15 studies reporting more than 84% efficacy. The results are not conclusive against the Beta (B.1.351) variant for fully vaccinated individuals with 4 out of 7 studies reporting efficacies between 22 and 60% and 3 out of 7 studies reporting efficacies between 75 and 100%. Protection against Gamma (P.1) variant was lower than 50% according to two studies in fully vaccinated individuals. The data on Delta (B.1.617.2) variant is limited but indicates lower protection compared to other variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kadhim Hayawi
- College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 51133, United Arab Emirates; (K.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Sakib Shahriar
- College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 51133, United Arab Emirates; (K.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Mohamed Adel Serhani
- College of Information Technology, UAE University, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Hany Alashwal
- College of Information Technology, UAE University, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Mohammad M. Masud
- College of Information Technology, UAE University, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.); (M.M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|