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Muurmann AT, Banovic M, Gilbert MTP, Sogari G, Limborg MT, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Bahrndorff S. Framework for valorizing waste- and by-products through insects and their microbiomes for food and feed. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114358. [PMID: 38763642 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
One third of the food produced for human consumption is currently lost or wasted. Insects have a high potential for converting organic waste- and by-products into food and feed for a growing human population due to symbiosis with microorganisms. These symbioses provide an untapped reservoir of functional microbiomes that can be used to improve industrial insect production but are poorly studied in most insect species. Here we review the most current understanding and challenges of valorizing organic waste- and by-products through insects and their microbiomes for food and feed, and emerging novel food technologies that can be used to investigate and manipulate host(insects)-microbiome interactions. We further construct a holistic framework, by integration of novel food technologies including holo-omics, genome editing, breeding, phage therapy, and administration of prebiotics and probiotics to investigate and manipulate host(insects)-microbiome interactions, and solutions for achieving stakeholder acceptance of novel food technologies for a sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmus Toftkær Muurmann
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Marija Banovic
- Aarhus University, Aarhus BSS, Department of Management, MAPP Centre, Fuglsangs Allé 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark.
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- University of Copenhagen, GLOBE Institute, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 København K, Denmark; University Museum, NTNU, Erling Skakkes gate 47B, 7012 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Giovanni Sogari
- University of Parma, Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze, 45, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
- University of Copenhagen, GLOBE Institute, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 København K, Denmark; AIMST University, Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), Jalan Bedong-Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Simon Bahrndorff
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
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2
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Thanki AM, Osei EK, Whenham N, Salter MG, Bedford MR, Masey O’Neill HV, Clokie MRJ. Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0378423. [PMID: 38511948 PMCID: PMC11064546 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a prevalent bacterial pathogen in poultry, and due to the spread of antimicrobial resistance, alternative treatments are needed to prevent and treat infection. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that kill bacteria, offer a viable option and can be used therapeutically to treat C. perfringens infections. The aim of this study was to isolate phages against C. perfringens strains currently circulating on farms across the world and establish their virulence and development potential using host range screening, virulence assays, and larva infection studies. We isolated 32 phages of which 19 lysed 80%-92% of our global C. perfringens poultry strain collection (n = 97). The virulence of these individual phages and 32 different phage combinations was quantified in liquid culture at multiple doses. We then developed a multi-strain C. perfringens larva infection model, to mimic an effective poultry model used by the industry. We tested the efficacy of 16/32 phage cocktails in the larva model. From this, we identified that our phage cocktail consisting of phages CPLM2, CPLM15, and CPLS41 was the most effective at reducing C. perfringens colonization in infected larvae when administered before bacterial challenge. These data suggest that phages do have significant potential to prevent and treat C. perfringens infection in poultry. IMPORTANCE Clostridium perfringens causes foodborne illness worldwide, and 95% of human infections are linked to the consumption of contaminated meat, including chicken products. In poultry, C. perfringens infection causes necrotic enteritis, and associated mortality rates can be up to 50%. However, treating infections is difficult as the bacterium is becoming antibiotic-resistant. Furthermore, the poultry industry is striving toward reduced antibiotic usage. Bacteriophages (phages) offer a promising alternative, and to progress this approach, robust suitable phages and laboratory models that mimic C. perfringens infections in poultry are required. In our study, we isolated phages targeting C. perfringens and found that many lyse C. perfringens strains isolated from chickens worldwide. Consistent with other published studies, in the model systems we assayed here, when some phages were combined as cocktails, the infection was cleared most effectively compared to individual phage use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha M. Thanki
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Leicester Centre for Phage Research, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel K. Osei
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Natasha Whenham
- AB Agri, Innovation Way, Peterborough Business Park, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G. Salter
- AB Agri, Innovation Way, Peterborough Business Park, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mike R. Bedford
- AB Vista, Woodstock Court, Marlborough Business Park, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martha R. J. Clokie
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Leicester Centre for Phage Research, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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3
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Vaz CSL, da Fonseca FN, Voss-Rech D, Morés MAZ, Coldebella A, Cantão ME. Wild-type lytic bacteriophages against Salmonella Heidelberg: Further characterization and effect of prophylactic therapy in broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105247. [PMID: 38554611 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
To characterize wild-type bacteriophages and their effect on Salmonella Heidelberg intestinal colonization in broilers, phages combined in a cocktail were continuously delivered via drinking water since the first day after hatching. After challenge with a field strain, broilers were evaluated at regular intervals for S. Heidelberg and bacteriophages in tissues and cecum, and gross and microscopic lesions in organs. Phages were highly virulent against S. Heidelberg by efficiency of plating. One-step growth curves exhibited eclipse period from 20 to 25 min, whereas the lowest latent period and higher burst size found were 45 min and 54 PFU/cell, respectively. Bacteriophage whole genomic sequencing analyses revealed a lack of genes related to lysogeny, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence factors. Relevant gross or microscopic lesions were absent in tissues analyzed from treated broilers. Although numerically stable bacteriophage concentrations were detected in the cecal contents of treated broilers, no significant difference was found for the S. Heidelberg cecal load in comparison to the untreated group and for the prevalence of positive tissues throughout the evaluated period. The phages produced turbid plaques against some S. Heidelberg re-isolated from treated broilers, suggesting the evolving of a resistant subpopulation. Overall, the results provide new evidence of the safety and in vitro replication of such phages in S. Heidelberg. Nevertheless, continuous administration of the phage suspension most likely induced the development of bacteriophage-resistant mutants, which might have affected the in vivo effect. Therefore, a putative administration protocol should be based on other strategies, such as short-term therapy at pre-harvest age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daiane Voss-Rech
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, PO box 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715899, Brazil
| | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, PO box 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715899, Brazil
| | - Maurício Egídio Cantão
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, PO box 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715899, Brazil
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4
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Bianchessi L, De Bernardi G, Vigorelli M, Dall’Ara P, Turin L. Bacteriophage Therapy in Companion and Farm Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:294. [PMID: 38666970 PMCID: PMC11047634 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, which are viruses with restricted tropism for bacteria, have been employed for over a century as antimicrobial agents; they have been largely abandoned in Western countries but are constantly used in Eastern European countries with the advent of antibiotics. In recent decades, the growing spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which pose a serious threat to worldwide public health, imposed an urgent demand for alternative therapeutic approaches to antibiotics in animal and human fields. Based on this requirement, numerous studies have been published on developing and testing bacteriophage-based therapy. Overall, the literature largely supports the potential of this perspective but also highlights the need for additional research as the current standards are inadequate to receive approval from regulatory authorities. This review aims to update and critically revise the current knowledge on the application of bacteriophages to treat bacterial-derived infectious diseases in animals in order to provide topical perspectives and innovative advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lauretta Turin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.B.); (G.D.B.); (M.V.); (P.D.)
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5
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Keith M, Park de la Torriente A, Chalka A, Vallejo-Trujillo A, McAteer SP, Paterson GK, Low AS, Gally DL. Predictive phage therapy for Escherichia coli urinary tract infections: Cocktail selection for therapy based on machine learning models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313574121. [PMID: 38478693 PMCID: PMC10962980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313574121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study supports the development of predictive bacteriophage (phage) therapy: the concept of phage cocktail selection to treat a bacterial infection based on machine learning (ML) models. For this purpose, ML models were trained on thousands of measured interactions between a panel of phage and sequenced bacterial isolates. The concept was applied to Escherichia coli associated with urinary tract infections. This is an important common infection in humans and companion animals from which multidrug-resistant (MDR) bloodstream infections can originate. The global threat of MDR infection has reinvigorated international efforts into alternatives to antibiotics including phage therapy. E. coli exhibit extensive genome-level variation due to horizontal gene transfer via phage and plasmids. Associated with this, phage selection for E. coli is difficult as individual isolates can exhibit considerable variation in phage susceptibility due to differences in factors important to phage infection including phage receptor profiles and resistance mechanisms. The activity of 31 phage was measured on 314 isolates with growth curves in artificial urine. Random Forest models were built for each phage from bacterial genome features, and the more generalist phage, acting on over 20% of the bacterial population, exhibited F1 scores of >0.6 and could be used to predict phage cocktails effective against previously untested strains. The study demonstrates the potential of predictive ML models which integrate bacterial genomics with phage activity datasets allowing their use on data derived from direct sequencing of clinical samples to inform rapid and effective phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Keith
- The Roslin Institute, Division of Bacteriology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Alba Park de la Torriente
- The Roslin Institute, Division of Bacteriology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Chalka
- The Roslin Institute, Division of Bacteriology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Vallejo-Trujillo
- The Roslin Institute, Division of Bacteriology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Sean P. McAteer
- The Roslin Institute, Division of Bacteriology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin K. Paterson
- The Roslin Institute, Division of Bacteriology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH25 9RG, United Kingdom
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Pathology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Alison S. Low
- The Roslin Institute, Division of Bacteriology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Gally
- The Roslin Institute, Division of Bacteriology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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6
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Szczypka M, Lis M, Kuczkowski M, Bobrek K, Pawlak A, Zambrowicz A, Gaweł A, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B. Yolkin, a Polypeptide Complex from Egg Yolk, Affects Cytokine Levels and Leukocyte Populations in Broiler Chicken Blood and Lymphoid Organs after In Ovo Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17494. [PMID: 38139323 PMCID: PMC10743580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Yolkin is a polypeptide complex isolated from hen egg yolk that exhibits immunomodulating properties. The aim of the present study was to determine whether in-ovo-delivered yolkin affects leukocyte populations and cytokine levels in broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out on eggs from Ross 308 broiler breeder birds. Yolkin was administered in ovo on the 18th day of incubation, once, at the following three doses: 1, 10, or 100 µg/egg. The immunological parameters were assessed in 1-, 7-, 14-, 21-, 28-, 35-, and 42-day-old birds kept under farming conditions and routinely vaccinated. The leukocyte populations were determined in the thymus, spleen, and blood. The cytokine (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10) levels were determined in the plasma of the broiler chickens. Each experimental group included eight birds. The most pronounced effect of yolkin was an increase in the population of T cells, both CD4+ and CD8+, mainly in the blood. This effect on the lymphocyte subsets may be valuable regarding chicken immune responses, mainly against T-dependent antigens, during infection or after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Szczypka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.L.); (A.P.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Magdalena Lis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.L.); (A.P.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Maciej Kuczkowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (K.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Kamila Bobrek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (K.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.L.); (A.P.); (B.O.-M.)
| | - Aleksandra Zambrowicz
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-640 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Gaweł
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (K.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.L.); (A.P.); (B.O.-M.)
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7
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Jordá J, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Montoro-Dasi L, Marco-Fuertes A, Vega S, Marin C. Phage-Based Biosanitation Strategies for Minimizing Persistent Salmonella and Campylobacter Bacteria in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3826. [PMID: 38136863 PMCID: PMC10740442 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Control strategies to minimize pathogenic bacteria in food animal production are one of the key components in ensuring safer food for consumers. The most significant challenges confronting the food industry, particularly in the major poultry and swine sectors, are antibiotic resistance and resistance to cleaning and disinfection in zoonotic bacteria. In this context, bacteriophages have emerged as a promising tool for zoonotic bacteria control in the food industry, from animals and farm facilities to the final product. Phages are viruses that infect bacteria, with several advantages as a biocontrol agent such as high specificity, self-replication, self-limitation, continuous adaptation, low inherent toxicity and easy isolation. Their development as a biocontrol agent is of particular interest, as it would allow the application of a promising and even necessary "green" technology to combat pathogenic bacteria in the environment. However, bacteriophage applications have limitations, including selecting appropriate phages, legal restrictions, purification, dosage determination and bacterial resistance. Overcoming these limitations is crucial to enhance phage therapy's effectiveness against zoonotic bacteria in poultry. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive view of the phage-biosanitation strategies for minimizing persistent Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Jordá
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Laura Montoro-Dasi
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (J.J.); (L.M.-D.); (A.M.-F.); (S.V.)
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8
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Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Casto-Rebollo C, Diretto G, Frusciante S, Rodríguez JC, Ventero MP, Molina-Pardines C, Vega S, Marin C, Marco-Jiménez F. Modulation of Caecal Microbiota and Metabolome Profile in Salmonella-Infected Broilers by Phage Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15201. [PMID: 37894882 PMCID: PMC10607084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is considered one of the most promising tools to control zoonotic bacteria, such as Salmonella, in broiler production. Phages exhibit high specificity for their targeted bacterial hosts, causing minimal disruption to the niche microbiota. However, data on the gut environment's response to phage therapy in poultry are limited. This study investigated the influence of Salmonella phage on host physiology through caecal microbiota and metabolome modulation using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and an untargeted metabolomics approach. We employed 24 caecum content samples and 24 blood serum samples from 4-, 5- and 6-week-old broilers from a previous study where Salmonella phages were administered via feed in Salmonella-infected broilers, which were individually weighed weekly. Phage therapy did not affect the alpha or beta diversity of the microbiota. Specifically, we observed changes in the relative abundance of 14 out of the 110 genera using the PLS-DA and Bayes approaches. On the other hand, we noted changes in the caecal metabolites (63 up-accumulated and 37 down-accumulated out of the 1113 caecal metabolites). Nevertheless, the minimal changes in blood serum suggest a non-significant physiological response. The application of Salmonella phages under production conditions modulates the caecal microbiome and metabolome profiles in broilers without impacting the host physiology in terms of growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 45115 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Casto-Rebollo
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Microbiology Division, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - María-Paz Ventero
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.-P.V.); (C.M.-P.)
| | - Carmen Molina-Pardines
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.-P.V.); (C.M.-P.)
| | - Santiago Vega
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 45115 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Clara Marin
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 45115 Valencia, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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9
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Emencheta SC, Olovo CV, Eze OC, Kalu CF, Berebon DP, Onuigbo EB, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM, Attama AA. The Role of Bacteriophages in the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Human Health. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2416. [PMID: 37896176 PMCID: PMC10609668 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are nano-sized viruses characterized by their inherent ability to live off bacteria. They utilize diverse mechanisms to absorb and gain entry into the bacterial cell wall via the release of viral genetic material, which uses the replication mechanisms of the host bacteria to produce and release daughter progeny virions that attack the surrounding host cells. They possess specific characteristics, including specificity for particular or closely related bacterial species. They have many applications, including as potential alternatives to antibiotics against multi-resistant bacterial pathogens and as control agents in bacteria-contaminated environments. They are ubiquitously abundant in nature and have diverse biota, including in the gut. Gut microbiota describes the community and interactions of microorganisms within the intestine. As with bacteria, parasitic bacteriophages constantly interact with the host bacterial cells within the gut system and have obvious implications for human health. However, it is imperative to understand these interactions as they open up possible applicable techniques to control gut-implicated bacterial diseases. Thus, this review aims to explore the interactions of bacteriophages with bacterial communities in the gut and their current and potential impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Emencheta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
- VBlab—Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (M.M.D.C.V.); (V.M.B.)
| | - Chinasa V. Olovo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Osita C. Eze
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Chisom F. Kalu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Dinebari P. Berebon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Ebele B. Onuigbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (S.C.E.); (O.C.E.); (C.F.K.); (E.B.O.)
| | - Marta M. D. C. Vila
- VBlab—Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (M.M.D.C.V.); (V.M.B.)
| | - Victor M. Balcão
- VBlab—Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (M.M.D.C.V.); (V.M.B.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anthony A. Attama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Institute for Drug-Herbal Medicine-Excipient Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
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