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Kim RH, Paulino YC, Kawabata Y. Validating Constructs of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 and Exploring Health Indicators to Predict the Psychological Outcomes of Students Enrolled in the Pacific Islands Cohort of College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:509. [PMID: 38673419 PMCID: PMC11050516 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) has been used in various countries to assess the mental states of individuals. The objectives of this study were to validate the DASS-21 for use in Guam, an island that endures a high burden of mental health challenges, such as suicide, and examine the predictive impact of selected health indicators on DASS-21 variables. Three years of data (2017-2019) were pooled from the Pacific Islands Cohort of College Students (PICCS) study conducted annually at the University of Guam. In total, 726 students were included in the secondary data analysis. MPlus statistical software was used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the validation and structural equation modeling (SEM) for the predictive modeling. The results from the CFA suggested an acceptable model fit (RMSEA: 0.073, CFI: 0.901, TLI: 0.889, RMR: 0.044), while SEM suggested that sleep quality and physical activity were significant predictors of DASS-21 variables. Therefore, the DASS-21 is a valid instrument for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress among emerging adults in Guam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H. Kim
- College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA
| | | | - Yoshito Kawabata
- College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA;
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Ashiq MAR, Gupta PS, Jubayer Biswas MAA, Ahmed N, Sultana MS, Ghosh B, Hasan MT. Depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of COVID-19 among Bangladeshi medical students during the first wave of the pandemic: a mixed-methods study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1142724. [PMID: 37663600 PMCID: PMC10469694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1142724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to investigate depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated risk factors among Bangladeshi medical students. It also explored qualitative insights on mental health from medical students during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods This mixed-methods study was conducted online in Bangladesh from June 2020 to September 2020. Participants were Bangladeshi medical students from the first year to the final year. The quantitative part included a structured online survey. One focus group discussion (FGD) was organized using the Zoom platform to collect qualitative insights from the students. To determine levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, the Bangla-validated version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) was used. A 7-item and Bangla-validated Fear of COVID-19 Scale, also known as FCV-19S, was used to explore the COVID-19-specific fear of the students. A semi-structured topic guide was used for exploring the qualitative insights of medical students' perceptions of fear of COVID-19, mental health impacts during COVID-19, overall recommendations to support students, and the impact of the pandemic on the future of the medical curriculum. Results The study reported that 51.20%, 59.40%, and 64% of the 406 respondents had moderate to severe stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, respectively, according to the DASS-21. The mean fear score for the COVID-19 scale was 19.4 (SD 6.4). Respondents with family members aged 50 years or older (B = 2.1; CI: 0.3-3.9) and those who had infected family members (B = 1.9; 95% CI: 0.1-3.7) exhibited a higher level of fear of COVID-19. Moreover, depression was associated with a history of having cancer among family members (AOR = 2.9, CI: 1.1-7.5), anxiety was strongly associated with having symptoms of COVID-19 (AOR = 2, CI: 1.3-3.2), and stress was associated with having symptoms of COVID-19 infection among family members (AOR = 1.9, CI: 1.3-3). Altered sleep was a potential risk factor for developing stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Manual thematic analysis of qualitative data generated four major themes, including the perception of fear of COVID-19, the perception of mental health impacts during COVID-19, the change in the medical curriculum along with the pandemic, and recommendations from the medical students to support the mental health concerns of medical students during public health crises like this pandemic. Qualitative findings showed that the participants experienced fear of their parents becoming infected by COVID-19, and this fear was more prominent in those who had their loved ones hospitalized. They were also stressed and anxious, with thoughts of death. Their fear also extended to their thoughts on academic progress and the effectiveness of online classes. Conclusion A substantial proportion of medical students experienced mental health difficulties in Bangladesh. Appropriate interventions should be designed, and adequate support should be provided to the medical students to protect their mental health and wellbeing, considering their potential impact on the future health system in a low-resource setting like Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashiqur Rahman Ashiq
- Department of Public Health, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pradip Sen Gupta
- Department of Public Health, American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nowreen Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, MH Samorita Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Sadia Sultana
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Tasdik Hasan
- Action Lab, Department of Human-Centered Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Public Health, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Public Health Foundation, Bangladesh (PHFBD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Manana M, Ntuli ST, Mokwena K, Maaga K. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anxiety Symptoms among Student Nurses in Gauteng Province of South Africa. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:630. [PMID: 37622771 PMCID: PMC10452000 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Globally, mental disorders are common among nursing students; therefore, effective prevention and early detection are urgently needed. However, the prevalence rate of anxiety symptoms has not been investigated in South African nursing colleges. Aim: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and their sociodemographic risk factors among nursing students in Gauteng province, South Africa. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Chris Hani Baragwanath and SG Lourens nursing colleges in the first week of June 2022. A purposeful sampling technique selected the third- and fourth-year nursing students aged ≥ 18 years registered at the two nursing colleges. The seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale was used to assess anxiety symptoms. Results: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 74.7% (95% confidence interval: 69.9-78.9). Being a student at nursing college B, being in the fourth academic year of study and use of substances were identified as predictors of anxiety symptoms in these nursing students. Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in this study is relatively high, with predictors of developing anxiety being a student at nursing college B, in the fourth academic year and current use of psychoactive substances were predictors of anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the need to develop interventions and strategies to promote mental health assessments and management to prevent and reduce the problem of mental disorders among nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleke Manana
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa (K.M.)
| | - Sam Thembelihle Ntuli
- Department of Statistical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Kebogile Mokwena
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa (K.M.)
| | - Kgomotso Maaga
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa (K.M.)
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Debnath DJ, Deshpande TM, Gupta D, Yadav A, Pandve HT, Marimuthu Y, Deshmukh P. The prevalence and risk factors of depression in engineering college students: A cross-sectional study. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:334-338. [PMID: 38161462 PMCID: PMC10756607 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Engineering students like any other students face several stressors in their lives, which make them vulnerable to depression. Depression may affect students' academic performance. Aim The present study aims to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of depression among engineering students. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2016 among 110 randomly selected students from an engineering college in a rural area of Pune district, India. PHQ-9 questionnaire was used. Univariate and multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to quantify association. Results Of a total of 110 students, 71.8% were males, while 28.2% were females. The mean age was 20.7 years. 29.1% had no depression, 48.2% had mild depression, and 22.7% had moderate depression. Univariate analysis found four variables significantly associated with a greater risk of depression: parental stress, sibling stress, economic stress, and interpersonal conflict. In the adjusted (multivariable) ordinal logistic regression analysis controlling for all independent variables, only lack of economic support and interpersonal conflicts retained their statistical significance. Conclusion The prevalence of depression in engineering students is high and strongly associated with the presence of economic and personal stress. Screening for depression and giving them care and support is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti J. Debnath
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tejas M. Deshpande
- Former Intern, Department of Community Medicine, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College, Maharashtra, India
| | - Digant Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Yadav
- Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshal T. Pandve
- Department of Community Medicine, PCMC’s Postgraduate Medical Institute and Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital (PGI-YCMH), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yamini Marimuthu
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Deshmukh
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Shayani Rad M, Moohebati M, Mohajeri SA. Beneficial effects of celery seed extract (Apium graveolens), as a supplement, on anxiety and depression in hypertensive patients: a randomized clinical trial. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:395-410. [PMID: 36334223 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are crucial public health issues, affecting the rising in hospitalizations and death. Anxiety and depression can worsen hypertension and vice versa. OBJECTIVE The current study has investigated the effects of celery seed extract, as a drug supplement, with the active ingredient of 3-n-butylphthalide, on mental problems primarily anxiety and secondary depression in hypertensive patients. DESIGN The current study was a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, 4-week clinical trial with a 4-week washout period. Fifty hypertensive patients received 4 placebo or celery seed extract capsules (1.34 g per day) for 4 weeks as a supplement to their usual medication regimen. The blood pressure parameters were assessed using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device. Anxiety and depression and their wide range of symptoms were evaluated using Beck anxiety and depression inventories (BAI and BDI). RESULTS In the celery treatment step, the mean reduction in BAI and BDI scores were 6.78 (P < 0.001) and 3.63 (P < 0.01), respectively. Some symptoms of anxiety including unable to relax, nervousness, numbness, dizziness, flushed face, sweating, and breathing difficulty were significantly improved by celery consumption (P < 0.001). Celery could decrease symptoms of depression such as sadness, crying, loss of energy, insomnia, irritability, fatigue, loss of interest in sex, and punishment feeling (P < 0.01). The mean reduction in blood pressure parameters was also significant during celery therapy (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of anxiety and depression were investigated and the results were promising. The results indicated the anti-anxiety and anti-depressive properties of celery seed extract as a supplement in hypertensive patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry name: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), Registration number: IRCT20130418013058N8, Registration link: https://www.irct.ir/trial/30021 . The study was carried out between 2018-09-21 and 2020-07-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shayani Rad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee (SRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Medical students’ knowledge of the disease, frequency of depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and related factors in the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based questionnaire. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1244747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of knowledge of medical students about coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19), to investigate the frequency of depression, anxiety, stress symptoms and related factors.
Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted with 904 volunteer medical students. Data were collected
with an online questionnaire, including sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about COVID-19, the Depression, Anxiety, and
Stress Scale.
Results: Mean age was 21.3±2.2 years, and 54% of them (n=488) were female. Fifty five percent (n=497) thought that their level
of knowledge about COVID-19 was sufficient, and 94.6% (n=846) were concerned about the disruption of their education. Their
knowledge level was found to be 15.09±2.43 points out of 23 points. The depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were found in
64.9%, 70.4% and 34.1% of participants, respectively. The risk of anxiety (OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.94, p=0.020) and depression (OR=0.95,
95%CI=1.15, p=0.025) were higher in women. Those with a high fear of transmitting the COVID-19 infection to their relatives had
higher symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. (p
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Kaya C. Factors impacting depression severity among Turkish college students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Günaydin N. Effect of group psychoeducation on depression, anxiety, stress and coping with stress of nursing students: A randomized controlled study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:640-650. [PMID: 33938568 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed with the aim of determining the effect of group psychoeducation in Turkish nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was planned with experimental design (randomized, controlled, and pretest-posttest control group observational study). FINDINGS There were significant differences identified for points in the experimental group before and after psychoeducation and 1 month later and between the posttest and 1-month observation measures (p < 0.05). While there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the styles of coping with stress and stress, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in anxiety and depression, though anxiety and depression scores decreased. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The use of group psychoeducation in which stress coping styles are taught is recommended to reduce symptoms of stress and manage the symptoms of anxiety, and depression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Günaydin
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Vorontsova-Wenger O, Ghisletta P, Ababkov V, Bondolfi G, Barisnikov K. Short mindfulness-based intervention for psychological and academic outcomes among university students. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2022; 35:141-157. [PMID: 34338104 PMCID: PMC8842716 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1931143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a short mindfulness intervention on anxiety, stress and depression symptoms, as well as on inhibition of dominant responses and academic performance among university students. Fifty volunteers (M(age) = 23.8; SD = 5.3) with high levels of depression, anxiety or stress were randomly allocated to a mindfulness practice group or an active control group (listening to stories). Students who underwent the mindfulness practice had decreased levels of anxiety, stress and depression compared to the control group. The mindfulness program also had a beneficial impact on the students' academic performance. There was no change in the ability to inhibit dominant responses to neutral stimuli (letters); however, we observed a change in responses to neutral faces. Further research perspectives and the clinical implications of the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Distance Learning University, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES – Overcoming vulnerability: Life course perspectives, Universities of Lausanne and of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Ababkov
- Medical Psychology and Psychophysiology Department, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia
| | - Guido Bondolfi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Nantaayi B, Ndawula RK, Musoke P, Ssewante N, Nakyagaba L, Wamala JN, Makai EA, Wannyana B, Wamala NK, Kanyike AM, Akech GM, Ojilong D, Agira D, Nakimuli AB, Asiimwe A, Bongomin F. Psychological Distress and Access to Mental Health Services Among Undergraduate Students During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Uganda. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:792217. [PMID: 35722591 PMCID: PMC9201074 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.792217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lockdown is an important public health approach aimed at curbing the raging effect of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed at determining the impact of prolonged lockdown on mental health and access to mental health services among undergraduate students in Uganda. METHODS An online cross-sectional study was conducted anonymously among undergraduates across 10 universities in Uganda. The Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ-5) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) were used. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with psychological distress. RESULTS We enrolled 366 participants with a mean age of 24.5 ± 4.6 years. The prevalence of psychological distress was 40.2% (n = 147) (cut off 14/25 based on DQ-5) while depression stood at 25.7% (n = 94; cut off 3/6 based on PHQ-2) with mean scores of 12.1 ± 4.6 and 1.7 ± 1.6 respectively. Female gender (aOR: 1.6, 95%CI: 1.0-2.6, p = 0.032), pursuing a non-medical program (aOR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.3-3.7, p = 0.005) were factors associated with psychological distress while non-medical program (aOR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.3-3.7, p = 0.005) was associated with increased depression. Access to mental health services was associated with both reduced distress (aOR: 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3-0.8, p = 0.005) and depression (aOR: 0.6, 95%CI: 0.3-0.9, p = 0.034). A majority (65.3%) of the participants reported knowing how to access mental health care and 188 (51.4%) reported having needed emotional support but, only 67 (18.3%) ever sought care from a mental health professional. Of those who had access, only 10 (7%), and 13 (9%) accessed a counselor or a mental health unit, respectively. The barriers to accessibility of mental health care included financial limitations (49.5%), lack of awareness (32.5%), lack of mental health professionals (28.4%), and stigma (13.9%). CONCLUSION Among university students in Uganda during the COVID- 19 lockdown, the burden of psychological distress and depression was substantial. However, access to mental health services was limited by several factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Nantaayi
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rodney Kato Ndawula
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Phillip Musoke
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nelson Ssewante
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lourita Nakyagaba
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Emmanuel Arthur Makai
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Babrah Wannyana
- School of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University Western, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Nicholas Kisaakye Wamala
- School of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University Western, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | | | | | - Daniel Ojilong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Drake Agira
- Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | | | - Asaph Asiimwe
- School of Medicine, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Felix Bongomin
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
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Stanyte A, Podlipskyte A, Milasauskiene E, Király O, Demetrovics Z, Ambrasas L, Burkauskas J, Steibliene V. Mental Health and Wellbeing in Lithuanian Medical Students and Resident Doctors During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:871137. [PMID: 35573339 PMCID: PMC9092277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative effect on mental health and subjective psychological wellbeing. One of the most affected population is medical students, reporting higher levels of depression, anxiety, sleep difficulties, and overall poorer wellbeing. However, the relationship between depression, anxiety, and sleep difficulties, and subjective psychological wellbeing has not been extensively researched in medical students in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, and subjective psychological wellbeing. METHODS In total, 524 medical students and resident doctors (78.6% female, mean age 24 ± 3 years old) participated in an online survey between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants completed the WHO-Five Wellbeing Index Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that female participants' worse subjective psychological wellbeing was associated with sleep difficulties [odds ratio (OR) = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.37-4.18, p = 0.002], higher depression (OR = 6.13, 95% CI = 3.46-10.88, p < 0.001), and anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.66-5.22, p < 0.001). In male participants, analysis revealed an association between worse subjective psychological wellbeing and higher depression scores (OR = 9.94, 95% CI = 3.29-30.03, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Sex differences are an important factor to consider when evaluating subjective psychological wellbeing. Clinicians should be aware of significant contributors, such as sleep patterns anxiety, and depression, to subjective psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Stanyte
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Podlipskyte
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Egle Milasauskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Laurynas Ambrasas
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Vesta Steibliene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania.,Clinic of Psychiatry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Esmat S, Attia A, Elhabashi E. Prevalence and Predictors for Depression among Medical Students during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since the declaration of the World Health Organization of the coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) as a pandemic, several countries have locked down and quarantined their residents with restrictive procedures to control spread of the disease. Due to pandemic related stressors, concerns and worries have developed regarding negative psychological impact on the mental well-being of the general population, particularly those known to have higher levels of psychological impairment with high vulnerability to mental health diseases such as medical students.
AIM: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported depression and to explore its predictors during the period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 first lock down among medical students.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted at Kasr Alainy Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, in June 2020. A simple random sample was picked of one subgroup of 4th year medical students (No. = 300) at faculty of medicine during the academic year 2019–2020. Self-administered questionnaires including Beck’s Depression Inventory scoring were distributed using Google form through communication social media such as WhatsApp.
RESULTS: Out of the 300 participants, 238 responses were received with response rate 79.3%. Results indicated that 38.2% of the respondents were experiencing depression with different degrees with Beck’s Depression Inventory mean scores was 19.4 ± 11.6. Multiple logistic regression analysis point out that gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4 and p = 0.022) and “Good” grade level of academic performance (OR = 7.2 and p = 0.045) are significant predictors for developing depression among the participating medical students.
CONCLUSION: A significantly high prevalence of depression is detected among medical students during the first wave of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. The prevalence of depression is more among females than males and more with medical students achieving “Good” grade level.
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Aghajani Liasi G, Mahdi Nejad S, Sami N, Khakpour S, Ghorbani Yekta B. The prevalence of educational burnout, depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students of the Islamic Azad University in Tehran, Iran. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:471. [PMID: 34482821 PMCID: PMC8418739 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological disorders have negative consequences on students' learning and academic performance. In addition, academic burnout is one of the common challenges that affects students' motivation and academic eagerness; however, the determinant is not clear. Medical students, meanwhile, demand special attention due to their professional responsibilities. In this regard, this study is conducted to investigate the academic burnout, rate of depression, anxiety and stress as well as related factors among undergraduate medical students at the Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University. METHODS This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed on medical students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 2017. In phase I, conducted on all stager students, Maslach Burnout questionnaire was used. In phase II, the DASS-42 questionnaire was provided for 123 students, 120 of whom met the inclusion criteria. In addition, another questionnaire including gender, age, lifestyle, marital and financial status, nutrition style, vitamin D deficiency, smoking, study hours per week, work efficiency and distance from the place of residence to the teaching hospital was used. Finally, the data extracted by SPSS version 23 was analyzed at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS In phase I of the study, 17 subjects showed academic burnout (16.3%). Out of all, 76.5% of students with academic burnout did not focus on the study and students' academic burnout was associated with a decrease in their focus (P < 0.05). However, the relationship between academic burnout and other factors was not significant. In phase II, the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 37.5, 41.1 and 30.3%, respectively. The prevalence of severe and very severe degrees that required psychiatric follow-up were 10.5, 10.5 and 7% for depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. According to statistical analyzes, there is a significant direct relationship between anxiety and the distance from the place of residence to the teaching hospital (P = 0.040). CONCLUSION The present study estimated the prevalence of academic burnout to be between 9.2 and 23.4%, considering the 5% error in the calculation, and the level of anxiety was related to the distance from the place of residence to the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aghajani Liasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mahdi Nejad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Sami
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Khakpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Ghorbani Yekta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Shariati St, Tehran, Iran.
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Stress, Anxiety and Depression among a Cohort of Health Sciences Undergraduate Students: The Prevalence and Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063269. [PMID: 33809939 PMCID: PMC8004268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) have a negative impact on the learning and academic performance of university students. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, as well as the risk factors associated with SAD among a cohort of students pursuing undergraduate degree courses in health sciences. This is part of the strategy in building a healthy nation. A questionnaire containing socio-demographic factors and the short version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess the likelihood of psychological distress. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors of SAD. In total, 449 students completed the questionnaire (93.9% response rate). Of these, 65% had stress, 85.1% had anxiety and 51.4% had depression. Most cases of stress (74.6%) and depression (66.2%) were of normal-to-mild level, while 74.6% of them showed moderate-to-extremely severe anxiety. There was a statistically significant association between stress score and the year of study. In the regression analysis, poor sleep quality and fatigue were risk factors of anxiety and depression, whereas low-grade fever and frequent headaches were risk factors for stress and anxiety. Stress, anxiety, and depression scores were significantly higher among students studying medical imaging. A substantial proportion of health science students are suffering from SAD. This study recommends screening and close monitoring of the above-mentioned predictors and the formulation of comprehensive intervention strategies for students with SAD.
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Benuto LT, Zimmermann M, Gonzalez FR, Corral Rodríguez A. A confirmatory factor analysis of the beck anxiety inventory in Latinx primary care patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2020.1812833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Akhtar P, Ma L, Waqas A, Naveed S, Li Y, Rahman A, Wang Y. Prevalence of depression among university students in low and middle income countries (LMICs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:911-919. [PMID: 32664032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though university years are peak time for the onset of many mental health problems including depression, knowledge on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and WHO Global Health Library for studies published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted in LMICs (as defined by World Bank), having a sample size≥500 and published in English were identified. Data on study characteristics and prevalence of depressive symptoms was extracted by two investigators. Estimate of prevalence was pooled in meta-analysis using random-effects meta-analysis. Sub-group differences were estimated using mixed-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS Depressive symptoms prevalence data were extracted from 37 studies involving 76,608 individuals in 20 countries. Studies on depression among university students in LMICs were limited, and most were based on non-representative and small study samples. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 24.4% (95% CI, 19.2% -30.5%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence did not vary by study design, sampling technique, sample size, study major, educational level, economic regions, and screening instrument. LIMITATIONS Only English language studies were included. Included studies were diverse in design, screening tool, and sample size that introduced substantial heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in LMICs was 24.4%, however, finding should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to address the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhtar
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Human Development Research Foundation, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yixuan Li
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Atif Rahman
- Institute of Life and Human Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China; Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA..
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Abukhalaf AA, Alomar AA, Alsalame NM, Sumaya OY, Alessa OM, Alasbali MM, Alaska YA. Inappropriate use of beta-blockers among medical and dental students at King Saud University, Riyadh. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4391-4395. [PMID: 33110866 PMCID: PMC7586521 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_696_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Self-medication and inappropriate beta-blocker use have been commonly reported among students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of inappropriate self-prescription of beta-blockers among medical and dental students. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a validated self-administered questionnaire distributed via online Google document to all undergraduate medical and dental students, including interns, of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: Out of 1,240 emails sent, 885 students (627 [70.8%] medical students and 258 [59.2%] dental students) responded to the survey (response rate, 71.4%). Beta-blockers were used by 198 students (22.4%) during their college years, of which 147 (16.6%) used it ≤5 times. The most common reason of using beta-blockers was to relieve stress and anxiety. The most common sources of information for use were their colleagues/fellow students. Self-prescribed beta-blockers were used by 123 students (13.9%). The usual dose consumed was 20 mg in 84 students (9.5%), while 15 (1.7%) experienced side effects. Although male students used beta-blockers more than females, females used beta-blockers at significantly higher doses (>20 mg). Medical students consumed more beta-blockers than dental students did (33.7% versus 0%, P = 0.001). Students in their senior years continued self-prescription and beta-blocker use longer than their juniors. Continued use was associated with their current academic level, who prescribed the drug, their usual dose, and awareness of complications. Conclusion: Two in ten students inappropriately used beta-blockers to relieve their anxiety and stress during examinations, and most of them were self-prescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Abdullah Alomar
- Department of Emergency, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayef Mosleh Alsalame
- Department of Emergency, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Yassin Sumaya
- Department of Emergency, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Mohammed Alessa
- Department of Emergency, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasser A Alaska
- Department of Emergency, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nezam S, Golwara AK, Jha PC, Khan SA, Singh S, Tanwar AS. Comparison of prevalence of depression among medical, dental, and engineering students in Patna using Beck's Depression Inventory II: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3005-3009. [PMID: 32984163 PMCID: PMC7491755 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_294_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression, a multi-dimensional disorder adversely affects the interpersonal, social and occupational spheres of students’ life. It is the 11th leading cause of global disease burden. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among various professional course students including medical, dental, and engineering students in Patna, Bihar. Materials and Methods: The present investigation was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 3,100 students attending government and private medical, dental, and engineering colleges in Patna were approached during the course of this study. Students were briefed about the study and questionnaire. BDI-II (Beck's Depression Inventory-II) was administered to the students and they were instructed to fill it. Beck's scores were recorded and a descriptive analysis performed. Results: 2798 students out of 3,100 responded positively to the survey by completely filling out the form. The overall response rate was 90.25%. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be 47.78%. Of the three streams, students belonging to the engineering stream (40.28%) showed a maximum prevalence of depressive symptoms followed by dental (38.50%) and medical students (34.74%). Conclusion: Our study showed an alarming prevalence of depression among professional course seeking students. This multi-dimensional disorder continues to affect student's performance and professionalism, thus, extending its negative impact to the community at large. This may carry out later in their lives, thus leaving a long-term negative impact. Considering the high rate of depressive symptoms, establishing a unit or facility to identify or diagnose it at an early stage and providing psychological support to students is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Nezam
- Department of Dentistry, Nalanda Medical College Hospital, Agamkuan Flyover, Sadikpur, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Prakash Chandra Jha
- Department of Dentistry, Nalanda Medical College Hospital, Agamkuan Flyover, Sadikpur, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shabab Ahmed Khan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Private Practitioner, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Aditi S Tanwar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Private Practitioner, Patna, Bihar, India
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Shawahna R, Hattab S, Al-Shafei R, Tab’ouni M. Prevalence and factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among Palestinian medical students. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:244. [PMID: 32429889 PMCID: PMC7236464 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-existence of depression and anxiety can be associated with severe detrimental consequences to the physical, mental and social wellbeing of the affected populations. This study was conducted to determine prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Palestinian medical students and to investigate associations between sociodemographic factors of the students with depressive and anxiety symptoms. METHODS This study was conducted in a cross-sectional observational design using a questionnaire in the period between September 2018 and April 2019 in a major university in the West Bank of Palestine. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The questionnaire also collected the sociodemographic characteristics of the students. Reliability of the questionnaire was tested using the test re-test method. A total of 425 medical students were invited to participate in the study. RESULTS Of those invited, 286 students completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 67.3%. More than half (56.6%) of the students had minimal depression, 20.3% had mild depression, 14.0% had moderate depression, 9.1% had severe depression, 23.4% had no anxiety, 29.7% had mild to moderate anxiety, 25.5% had moderate to severe anxiety, and 21.3% had severe anxiety. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that academic stage (p-value < 0.01), Grade Point Average (p-value < 0.01), mental health status (p-value < 0.001), ever attempted suicide (p-value < 0.05), and religious commitment (p-value < 0.01) were predictors of BDI-II scores. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that academic stage (p-value < 0.05) and mental health status (p-value < 0.001) were predictors of BAI scores. CONCLUSIONS Depressive and anxiety symptoms were prevalent among Palestinian medical students in a major university in the West Bank of Palestine. Interventions might be designed to improve self-rated mental health of medical students in their academic years, ameliorate study conditions, and provision of counseling services to improve spirituality might be effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety among medical students in Palestine. Future studies are still needed to investigate if these interventions could be useful in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms among Palestinian medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, New Campus, Building 19, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine ,grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Suhaib Hattab
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, New Campus, Building 19, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Rami Al-Shafei
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mahmoud Tab’ouni
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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20
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McFadden T, Fortier M, Sweet SN, Tomasone JR. Physical activity participation and mental health profiles in Canadian medical students: latent profile analysis using continuous latent profile indicators. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 26:671-683. [PMID: 32319816 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1757131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rates of mental illness among Canadian medical students are higher than age-, gender-, and education-matched peers. One predictor of mental health is physical activity; though the relationship between different intensities of physical activity and mental health has not been investigated in medical students. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between physical activity and mental health profiles in a sample of Canadian medical students. A total of N = 125 students completed an online survey. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify distinct profiles using four continuous latent profile indicators (emotional well-being, social well-being, psychological well-being,resilience). Three mental health profiles emerged, showing low (n = 18), moderate (n = 72) and high (n = 36) self-reported ratings of mental health. The classification quality was good (entropy = 0.81). Individuals in the high mental health profile engaged in more mild physical activity (M = 144.28 mins/week; SD = 22.12) and less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (M = 195.86 mins/week; SD = 25.67) compared to students in the moderate and low profiles, though not significantly. This suggests that mild physical activity might be the most effective intensity in supporting mental health among medical students, though further research is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor McFadden
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Physician Health and Wellness, Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Fortier
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shane N Sweet
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Coskun O, Ocalan AO, Ocbe CB, Semiz HO, Budakoglu I. Depression and hopelessness in pre-clinical medical students. CLINICAL TEACHER 2020; 16:345-351. [PMID: 31397111 DOI: 10.1111/tct.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental distress seriously affects the quality of life of medical students. Medical students face mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and hopelessness. The pre-clinical years include substantial changes in a student's life, such as moving cities and losing friends, which can complicate an already stressful life, leading to depression and hopelessness. This study aims to determine the levels of depression and hopelessness, and the habits that can affect these levels, among pre-clinical medical students. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using anonymous questionnaires composed of the Beck Depression Scale (BDS), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and questions about sociodemographic and perceived reasons for happiness or unhappiness. We invited pre-clinical medical students to join the study. Particularly during the pre-clinical years, medical students face the adverse effects of changing cities, social circles co-workers RESULTS: A total of 1015 (70.5%) students participated in the study. The prevalence of depression among pre-clinical students was found to be 27.7 per cent and mild levels of hopelessness were found in 54.4 per cent. A meaningful positive correlation was found between the BDS scores and BHS scores of medical students (r = 0.535; p < 0.0001). The BDS scores of students who were ex-smokers, daily consumers of fizzy beverages and energy drinks, and students with chronic diseases were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The BHS scores of the students who were ex-smokers and daily consumers of fizzy drinks, as well as intersex students, had significantly higher scores than the other groups (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION A healthy social life and effective psychological counselling services are very much needed for mental well-being among medical students in their pre-clinical year.
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Vorontsova-Wenger O, Ghisletta P, Ababkov V, Barisnikov K. Relationship Between Mindfulness, Psychopathological Symptoms, and Academic Performance in University Students. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:459-478. [PMID: 31973635 DOI: 10.1177/0033294119899906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that a mindfulness construct involving five component skills (observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience) is related to well-being and lessens depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness, academic performance, and psychopathological symptoms in a sample of Swiss university students during preparation for examinations. A total sample of 150 university students from the psychology department at the University of Geneva were invited to report their mindfulness skills and academic performance, as well as anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms, through self-report measures. Results indicated that the total mindfulness score and the nonreactivity facet of mindfulness were associated with depression scores. Furthermore, mindfulness skills were positively correlated with students' academic performance. Finally, certain demographic variables, such as gender, were linked to the presence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in our sample. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Department of Psychology, 27212University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Distance Learning University, Brig, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Ababkov
- Medical Psychology and Psychophysiology Department, 48544Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Castaldelli-Maia JM, Lewis T, Marques Dos Santos N, Picon F, Kadhum M, Farrell SM, Molodynski A, Ventriglio A. Stressors, psychological distress, and mental health problems amongst Brazilian medical students. Int Rev Psychiatry 2019; 31:603-607. [PMID: 31612743 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2019.1669335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In line with studies from around the world, several studies have shown equal or higher rates of anxiety, depression, alcohol and other drug use, and burnout in medical students in Brazil. The aim of the present study was to identify difficulties Brazilian medical students face regarding stressors, psychological distress, and psychiatric morbidity using standardized reliable and valid instruments. In addition, this study also investigated differences associated with sex. Students (n = 129) were asked to complete a one-off survey from January to June 2019, including demographics, previous mental health issues, CAGE, GHQ-12, and OLBI. A higher prevalence of previous mental disorders was found in comparison to during the medical course. This may suggest that perhaps students are under more stress or that they form a more vulnerable sub-population in medical school in comparison with the general population. However, the types of mental disorders before and during the undergraduate course appear to vary. During the course, they show higher levels of anxiety rather than that of depression. Before commencing the course, they showed higher levels of depression rather than anxiety. Cannabis and ecstasy experimentation levels were higher than those of students from other courses in previous studies. The opposite was true for stimulants. Just over a quarter reported alcohol abuse above the CAGE cut-off point. The levels of psychological distress and burnout were extremely high, and women had even higher levels. Male respondents were more likely to have a history of mental ill-health, but female subjects scored higher on burnout. Overall over 80% students reported burnout. These findings are discussed in the context of Brazilian culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Neuroscience, ABC Health University Center, Santo André, SP, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas Lewis
- Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Felipe Picon
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Murtaza Kadhum
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School (OUCAGs), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Marie Farrell
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Doğan İ, Doğan N. The Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Its Association with Sleep Quality among Medical Students. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.624517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Mao Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Zhu B, He R, Wang X. A systematic review of depression and anxiety in medical students in China. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:327. [PMID: 31477124 PMCID: PMC6721355 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students in China face severe depression and anxiety because of their difficult circumstances, such as the long length of schooling, academic pressure, and the stress of clinical practice. Although there have been many empirical studies about depression or anxiety in medical students in China, no previous studies have conducted a related systematic review about this topic in English. This analysis can convey the general findings from China to other areas of the world. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of depression or anxiety in medical students and related determinants were conducted. Three Chinese and three English databases were searched for the review, with no restrictions on language. Articles published between January 1, 2000 and April 1, 2018 were included. RESULTS Twenty-one articles investigating a total of 35,160 individual Chinese medical students were included in this review. The prevalence of depression ranged from 13.10 to 76.21% with a mean of 32.74%, and the prevalence of anxiety ranged from 8.54 to 88.30% with a mean of 27.22%. Based on the meta-analysis, gender, grade level, residence, satisfaction with current major and monthly household income per capita were significantly associated with depression. Grade level and satisfaction with current major were significantly associated with anxiety. Other risk factors were identified and described using a narrative approach. CONCLUSION The mean prevalence of depression was 32.74% amongst medical students in China, whereas the mean prevalence of anxiety was 27.22%. The determinants of depression and anxiety included individual factors, social and economic factors, and environmental factors. More measures should be taken towards at-risk medical students based on the identified risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Department of Public Policy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Rongxin He
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
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The Global Prevalence of Anxiety Among Medical Students: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152735. [PMID: 31370266 PMCID: PMC6696211 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety, although as common and arguably as debilitating as depression, has garnered less attention, and is often undetected and undertreated in the general population. Similarly, anxiety among medical students warrants greater attention due to its significant implications. We aimed to study the global prevalence of anxiety among medical students and the associated factors predisposing medical students to anxiety. In February 2019, we carried out a systematic search for cross-sectional studies that examined the prevalence of anxiety among medical students. We computed the aggregate prevalence and pooled odds ratio (OR) using the random-effects model and used meta-regression analyses to explore the sources of heterogeneity. We pooled and analyzed data from sixty-nine studies comprising 40,348 medical students. The global prevalence rate of anxiety among medical students was 33.8% (95% Confidence Interval: 29.2–38.7%). Anxiety was most prevalent among medical students from the Middle East and Asia. Subgroup analyses by gender and year of study found no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety. About one in three medical students globally have anxiety—a prevalence rate which is substantially higher than the general population. Administrators and leaders of medical schools should take the lead in destigmatizing mental illnesses and promoting help-seeking behaviors when students are stressed and anxious. Further research is needed to identify risk factors of anxiety unique to medical students.
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Abstract
Mental health illnesses are increasing in severity and number among medical students. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders among medical students and their associated factors. Nine hundred students were selected from Mansoura Faculty of Medicine by the cluster sampling method. Data were collected using an Arabic self-administered questionnaire and the Arabic version of the Symptoms Checklist 90 Revised. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. Approximately 59% of students had one or more mental disorders. The prevalence of high Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI), depression, and somatization was 30.1%, 25.2%, and 21.7%, respectively. Logistic regression revealed that being male, younger than 20 years age, living away from family, rural families, and very low or low social class were independent risk factors for most of the mental disorders studied. In conclusion, mental disorders were common among medical students. Mental health care should be mandatory for these students.
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Francis B, Gill JS, Yit Han N, Petrus CF, Azhar FL, Ahmad Sabki Z, Said MA, Ong Hui K, Chong Guan N, Sulaiman AH. Religious Coping, Religiosity, Depression and Anxiety among Medical Students in a Multi-Religious Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E259. [PMID: 30658450 PMCID: PMC6352239 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Medical students are vulnerable to depression and anxiety due to the nature of their academic life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among medical students and the association between religious coping, religiosity and socio-demographic factors with anxiety and depressive symptoms. A cross sectional design was used for this study. Scales used were the Malay version of the Duke Religious Index (DUREL-M), the Malay version of the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief RCOPE) and the Malay version Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS-M). 622 students participated in this study. They scored moderately on the organized (mean: 3.51) and non-organized religious (mean: 3.85) subscales of the DUREL, but had high intrinsic religiosity (mean: 12.18). The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 4.7% and 17.4% respectively, which is lower than local as well as international data. Islam, negative religious coping and the presence of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Only the presence of anxiety symptoms was significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Negative religious coping, rather than positive religious coping, has significant association with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Redirecting focus towards negative religious coping is imperative to boost mental health outcomes among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Francis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Jesjeet Singh Gill
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ng Yit Han
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | | | - Fatin Liyana Azhar
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Zuraida Ahmad Sabki
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mas Ayu Said
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Koh Ong Hui
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ng Chong Guan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Psychological distress among college students of coastal district of Karnataka: A community-based cross-sectional survey. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 38:20-24. [PMID: 30384224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) are frequent among adolescents and early adults. National Mental Health Survey of India 2015-2016 shows alarming results, especially for depression. This study explored the prevalence of psychological distress among college students. Additionally, the relationship between gender, living arrangement with psychological distress in various educational streams were explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through a cross-sectional community-based survey a total of 4839 college going students of various educational streams in Mangalore, Karnataka were assessed for psychological distress with Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). RESULTS Participants had median age of 19 (range = 9) years and the majority (59.5%) were females. The median SRQ score was 4 (range 20) and about 28.5% of students were found to be psychologically stressed. The suicidal ideation was reported by 13.6% of the students. Engineering and Arts/science/commerce students had significantly higher psychological distress scores as compared to health and allied sciences (k = 47.7; p < 0.001) and those who were staying with families (U = 2,687,648.5; p = 0.004) reported higher levels of psychological distress in comparison to those who were staying away from their families. CONCLUSION Prevalence of psychological distress was high among students, especially non-medical students, students who were staying with their families, and those who were younger in age. A significant proportion of students had suicidal ideation, which needs early mental health interventions at the college level.
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