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Woodard G, Rosado JA, Li H. The physiological role of TRP channels in sleep and circadian rhythm. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18274. [PMID: 38676362 PMCID: PMC11053353 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TRP channels, are non-specific cationic channels that are involved in multiple physiological processes that include salivation, cellular secretions, memory extinction and consolidation, temperature, pain, store-operated calcium entry, thermosensation and functionality of the nervous system. Here we choose to look at the evidence that decisively shows how TRP channels modulate human neuron plasticity as it relates to the molecular neurobiology of sleep/circadian rhythm. There are numerous model organisms of sleep and circadian rhythm that are the results of the absence or genetic manipulation of the non-specific cationic TRP channels. Drosophila and mice that have had their TRP channels genetically ablated or manipulated show strong evidence of changes in sleep duration, sleep activity, circadian rhythm and response to temperature, noxious odours and pattern of activity during both sleep and wakefulness along with cardiovascular and respiratory function during sleep. Indeed the role of TRP channels in regulating sleep and circadian rhythm is very interesting considering the parallel roles of TRP channels in thermoregulation and thermal response with concomitant responses in growth and degradation of neurites, peripheral nerves and neuronal brain networks. TRP channels provide evidence of an ability to create, regulate and modify our sleep and circadian rhythm in a wide array of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In the current review, we summarize previous results and novel recent advances in the understanding of calcium ion entry via TRP channels in different sleep and circadian rhythm conditions. We discuss the role of TRP channels in sleep and circadian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Woodard
- Department of PsychiatryUniformed Services University of Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Juan A. Rosado
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of ExtremaduraCaceresSpain
| | - He Li
- Department of PsychiatryUniformed Services University of Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA
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2
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Cheng Y, Chi Y, Sun L, Wang GZ. Dominant constraints on the evolution of rhythmic gene expression. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4301-4311. [PMID: 37692081 PMCID: PMC10492206 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the individual transcriptional regulators of the core circadian clock are distinct among different organisms, the autoregulatory feedback loops they form are conserved. This unified design principle explains how daily physiological activities oscillate across species. However, it is unknown whether analogous design principles govern the gene expression output of circadian clocks. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of rhythmic gene expression in eight diverse species and identified four common distribution patterns of cycling gene expression across these species. We hypothesized that the maintenance of reduced energetic costs constrains the evolution of rhythmic gene expression. Our large-scale computational simulations support this hypothesis by showing that selection against high-energy expenditure completely regenerates all cycling gene patterns. Moreover, we find that the peaks of rhythmic expression have been subjected to this type of selective pressure. The results suggest that selective pressure from circadian regulation efficiently removes unnecessary gene products from the transcriptome, thereby significantly impacting its evolutionary path.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guang-Zhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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3
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Reimúndez A, Fernández-Peña C, Ordás P, Hernández-Ortego P, Gallego R, Morenilla-Palao C, Navarro J, Martín-Cora F, Pardo-Vázquez JL, Schwarz LA, Arce V, Viana F, Señarís R. The cold-sensing ion channel TRPM8 regulates central and peripheral clockwork and the circadian oscillations of body temperature. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13896. [PMID: 36251565 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Physiological functions in mammals show circadian oscillations, synchronized by daily cycles of light and temperature. Central and peripheral clocks participate in this regulation. Since the ion channel TRPM8 is a critical cold sensor, we investigated its role in circadian function. METHODS We used TRPM8 reporter mouse lines and TRPM8-deficient mice. mRNA levels were determined by in situ hybridization or RT-qPCR and protein levels by immunofluorescence. A telemetry system was used to measure core body temperature (Tc). RESULTS TRPM8 is expressed in the retina, specifically in cholinergic amacrine interneurons and in a subset of melanopsin-positive ganglion cells which project to the central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. TRPM8-positive fibres were also found innervating choroid and ciliary body vasculature, with a putative function in intraocular temperature, as shown in TRPM8-deficient mice. Interestingly, Trpm8-/- animals displayed increased expression of the clock gene Per2 and vasopressin (AVP) in the SCN, suggesting a regulatory role of TRPM8 on the central oscillator. Since SCN AVP neurons control body temperature, we studied Tc in driven and free-running conditions. TRPM8-deficiency increased the amplitude of Tc oscillations and, under dim constant light, induced a greater phase delay and instability of Tc rhythmicity. Finally, TRPM8-positive fibres innervate peripheral organs, like liver and white adipose tissue. Notably, Trpm8-/- mice displayed a dysregulated expression of Per2 mRNA in these metabolic tissues. CONCLUSION Our findings support a function of TRPM8 as a temperature sensor involved in the regulation of central and peripheral clocks and the circadian control of Tc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Reimúndez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Peña
- Institute of Neuroscience. UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Juan Navarro
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Cora
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luís Pardo-Vázquez
- Department Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, CICA, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Victor Arce
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Félix Viana
- Institute of Neuroscience. UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa Señarís
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Iwamoto T, Torimoto K, Gotoh D, Onishi S, Hori S, Morizawa Y, Nakai Y, Miyake M, Fujimoto K. Reduced salt intake partially restores the circadian rhythm of bladder clock genes in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Life Sci 2022; 306:120842. [PMID: 35908618 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the circadian expression changes in bladder clock genes in Dahl salt-sensitive rats following high salt intake. MAIN METHODS Eighteen rats were divided into three groups: the high-salt diet group (HS group), the normal-salt diet group (NS group), and the salt-load interruption group (from a 4 % salt diet to a normal diet; salt-load interruption group [SI group]). Each rat was placed in an individual metabolic cage for 24 h twice weekly. Water intake, urine production, voiding frequency, and voided volume per micturition were recorded. Furthermore, 108 control rats were prepared. Bladders were harvested every 4 h at six time points. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of clock genes and mechanosensors was analyzed. KEY FINDINGS In the HS group, the bladder clock genes showed lower mRNA levels than in the NS group. The amplitude of circadian expression changes in bladder clock genes in the HS group was lower than that in the NS group. However, after changing from a 4 % salt diet to a normal diet, the waveforms of the clock gene expression in the SI group were closer to those of the NS group. The 24-hour water intake and urinary volume of the SI group decreased to levels comparable to those of the NS group. SIGNIFICANCE Reduced salt intake partially restored the circadian rhythms of bladder clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daisuke Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Sayuri Onishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Nakayama E, Kushibiki T, Mayumi Y, Azuma R, Ishihara M, Kiyosawa T. Blue Laser Irradiation Decreases the ATP Level in Mouse Skin and Increases the Production of Superoxide Anion and Hypochlorous Acid in Mouse Fibroblasts. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020301. [PMID: 35205166 PMCID: PMC8869339 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Photobiomodulation studies have reported that blue light irradiation induces the production of reactive oxygen species. We examined the effect of blue laser (405 nm) irradiation on ATP level in the skin and measured the types of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. The decrease in the skin ATP level due to blue light irradiation may be caused by oxidative stress due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. These findings highlight the need to consider the effects on the skin when performing photobiomodulation treatment using blue light. Abstract Photobiomodulation studies have reported that blue light irradiation induces the production of reactive oxygen species. We investigated the effect of blue laser (405 nm) irradiation on the ATP levels in mouse skin and determined the types of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species using cultured mouse fibroblasts. Blue laser irradiation caused a decrease in the ATP level in the mouse skin and triggered the generation of superoxide anion and hypochlorous acid, whereas nitric oxide and peroxynitrite were not detected. Moreover, blue laser irradiation resulted in reduced cell viability. It is believed that the decrease in the skin ATP level due to blue light irradiation results from the increased levels of oxidative stress due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. This method of systematically measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species may be useful for understanding the effects of irradiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Nakayama
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 3598513, Japan; (R.A.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-2995-1596
| | - Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 3598513, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Yoshine Mayumi
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 3598513, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Ryuichi Azuma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 3598513, Japan; (R.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Miya Ishihara
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 3598513, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Tomoharu Kiyosawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 3598513, Japan; (R.A.); (T.K.)
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Ziólkowska N, Chmielewska-Krzesinska M, Vyniarska A, Sienkiewicz W. Exposure to Blue Light Reduces Melanopsin Expression in Intrinsically Photoreceptive Retinal Ganglion Cells and Damages the Inner Retina in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:26. [PMID: 35060997 PMCID: PMC8787613 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigative the effects of blue light on intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Methods Brown Norway rats were used. Nine rats were continuously exposed to blue light (light emitting diodes [LEDs]: 463 nm; 1000 lx) for 2 days (acute exposure [AE]); 9 rats were exposed to 12 hours of blue light and 12 hours of darkness for 10 days (long-term exposure [LTE]); 6 control rats were exposed to 12 hours of white fluorescent light (1000 lx) and 12 hours of darkness for 10 days. Whole-mount retinas were immunolabelled with melanopsin antibodies; melanopsin-positive (MP) ipRGC somas and processes were counted and measured with Neuron J. To detect apoptosis, retinal cryo-sections were stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling. Ultra-thin sections were visualized with transmission electron microscopy. Results The number of MP ipRGC somas was significantly lower in retinas from AE and LTE rats than in those from control rats (P < 0.001 and = 0.002, respectively). The mean length of MP areas of processes was significantly lower in AE rats (P < 0.001). AE rats had severe retinal damage and massive apoptosis in the outer nuclear layer; their mitochondria were damaged in the axons and dendrites of the nerve fiber layer and the inner plexiform layer. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in AE rats appeared to have reduced amounts of free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions AE to blue light reduces melanopsin expression and damages RGCs, likely including ipRGCs. Changes in the axons and dendrites of RGCs suggest possible disruption of intraretinal and extraretinal signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ziólkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Chmielewska-Krzesinska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Alla Vyniarska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary and Biotechnologies, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Waldemar Sienkiewicz
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Opsins outside the eye and the skin: a more complex scenario than originally thought for a classical light sensor. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:519-538. [PMID: 34236517 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of melanopsin as a retinal non-visual photopigment, opsins have been described in several organs and cells. This distribution is strikingly different from the classical localization of photopigments in light-exposed tissues such as the eyes and the skin. More than 10 years ago, a new paradigm in the field was created as opsins were shown, to detect not only light, but also thermal energy in Drosophila. In agreement with these findings, thermal detection by opsins was also reported in mammalian cells. Considering the presence of opsins in tissues not reached by light, an intriguing question has emerged: What is the role of a classical light-sensor, and more recently appreciated thermo-sensor, in these tissues? To tackle this question, we address in this review the most recent studies in the field, with emphasis in mammals. We provide the present view about the role of opsins in peripheral tissues, aiming to integrate the current knowledge of the presence and function of opsins in organs that are not directly affected by light.
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de Brito Sousa K, de Fátima Teixeira da Silva D, Rodrigues MFSD, Garcia MP, de Oliveira Rodini C, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Hamblin MR, Bussadori SK, Nunes FD, Fernandes KPS. Effects of the phenotypic polarization state of human leukocytes on the optical absorbance spectrum. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000487. [PMID: 33638279 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the optical absorbance spectrum of human monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes polarized, or not, to the inflammatory or immunoregulatory phenotypes. Peripheral human blood leukocytes were isolated and polarized (10 ng/mL) with LPS or IL-4 + LPS for 2 hours. After polarization, cells were washed and incubated for an additional 24 hours (monocytes and lymphocytes) or 12 hours (neutrophils). Next, cells were collected to evaluate the optical absorbance spectrum. The three types of leukocytes exhibited absorbance in the region from 450 to 900 nm, with greater absorbance at wavelengths lower than 570 nm. Lymphocytes had a second region of greater absorbance between 770 and 900 nm. Inflammatory monocytes and lymphocytes showed increased absorbance of blue, green and yellow wavelengths (monocytes), as well as red and infrared wavelengths (monocytes and lymphocytes). Immunoregulatory polarization altered the absorbance of monocytes and lymphocytes very little. Neutrophils treated with LPS or LPS + IL-4 exhibited lower absorbance at wavelengths higher than 575 nm compared to untreated cells. The present findings showed that leukocytes exhibit greater absorbance in regions of the spectrum that have not been much used in photobiomodulation (PBM), and the polarization of these cells can affect their capacity to absorb light. Taken together, these results suggest new perspectives in the use of PBM in the clinical setting depending on the wavelengths and the stage of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaline de Brito Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mónica Pereira Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Oliveira Rodini
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University/UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Assis LVM, Oster H. The circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis: entangled networks. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4563-4587. [PMID: 33683376 PMCID: PMC8195959 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock exerts an important role in systemic homeostasis as it acts a keeper of time for the organism. The synchrony between the daily challenges imposed by the environment needs to be aligned with biological processes and with the internal circadian clock. In this review, it is provided an in-depth view of the molecular functioning of the circadian molecular clock, how this system is organized, and how central and peripheral clocks communicate with each other. In this sense, we provide an overview of the neuro-hormonal factors controlled by the central clock and how they affect peripheral tissues. We also evaluate signals released by peripheral organs and their effects in the central clock and other brain areas. Additionally, we evaluate a possible communication between peripheral tissues as a novel layer of circadian organization by reviewing recent studies in the literature. In the last section, we analyze how the circadian clock can modulate intracellular and tissue-dependent processes of metabolic organs. Taken altogether, the goal of this review is to provide a systemic and integrative view of the molecular clock function and organization with an emphasis in metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Marie Curie Street, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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Kobayashi M, Shu S, Marunaka K, Matsunaga T, Ikari A. Weak Ultraviolet B Enhances the Mislocalization of Claudin-1 Mediated by Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite Production in Human Keratinocyte-Derived HaCaT Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197138. [PMID: 32992650 PMCID: PMC7583049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A tight junction (TJ) makes a physical barrier in the epidermal cells of skin. Ultraviolet (UV) light may disrupt the TJ barrier, but the mechanism has not been well clarified. Weak UVB (5 mJ/cm2) caused mislocalization of claudin-1 (CLDN1), a component of the TJ strand, and disruption of TJ barrier in human keratinocyte-derived HaCaT cells. The UVB-induced mislocalization of CLDN1 was inhibited by monodansylcadaverine (MDC), a clathrin-dependent endocytosis inhibitor, suggesting that UVB enhances the internalization of CLDN1. Transepidermal electrical resistance and paracellular flux of lucifer yellow, a fluorescent hydrophilic marker, were rescued by MDC. UVB changed neither the total nor phosphorylation levels of CLDN1, but it increased both mono-ubiquitination and tyrosine nitration levels of CLDN1. Fluorescence measurements revealed that UVB increased intracellular free Ca2+, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite contents, which were inhibited by Opsin2 (OPN2) siRNA, suggesting that OPN2 functions as a UVB sensor. The effects of UVB were inhibited by an antagonist of transient receptor potential type vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and Ca2+ chelator. Both NO donor and peroxynitrite donor induced the mislocalization of CLDN1 and disruption of TJ barrier, which were rescued by a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor and a peroxynitrite scavenger. Weak UVB irradiation induced the disruption of TJ barrier mediated by mislocalization of CLDN1 in HaCaT cells. The OPN2/TRPV1/NOS signaling pathway may be a novel target for preventing destruction of the TJ barrier by UVB irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (M.K.); (S.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Shokoku Shu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (M.K.); (S.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Kana Marunaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (M.K.); (S.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 502-8585, Japan;
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (M.K.); (S.S.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-58-230-8124
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de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Castrucci AMDL. The molecular clock in the skin, its functionality, and how it is disrupted in cutaneous melanoma: a new pharmacological target? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3801-3826. [PMID: 31222374 PMCID: PMC11105295 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the interface between the organism and the external environment, acting as its first barrier. Thus, this organ is constantly challenged by physical stimuli such as UV and infrared radiation, visible light, and temperature as well as chemicals and pathogens. To counteract the deleterious effects of the above-mentioned stimuli, the skin has complex defense mechanisms such as: immune and neuroendocrine systems; shedding of epidermal squamous layers and apoptosis of damaged cells; DNA repair; and pigmentary system. Here we have reviewed the current knowledge regarding which stimuli affect the molecular clock of the skin, the consequences to skin-related biological processes and, based on such knowledge, we suggest some therapeutic targets. We also explored the recent advances regarding the molecular clock disruption in melanoma, its impact on the carcinogenic process, and its therapeutic value in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathalia Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- School of Health Science, University Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
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Tao JX, Zhou WC, Zhu XG. Mitochondria as Potential Targets and Initiators of the Blue Light Hazard to the Retina. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6435364. [PMID: 31531186 PMCID: PMC6721470 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6435364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have an intense emission in the range of blue light, which has raised a range of public concerns about their potential risks as retinal hazards. Distinct from other visible light components, blue light is characterized by short wavelength, high energy, and strong penetration that can reach the retina with relatively little loss in damage potential. Mitochondria are abundant in retinal tissues, giving them relatively high access to blue light, and chromophores, which are enriched in the retina, have many mitochondria able to absorb blue light and induce photochemical effects. Therefore, excessive exposure of the retina to blue light tends to cause ROS accumulation and oxidative stress, which affect the structure and function of the retinal mitochondria and trigger mitochondria-involved death signaling pathways. In this review, we highlight the essential roles of mitochondria in blue light-induced photochemical damage and programmed cell death in the retina, indicate directions for future research and preventive targets in terms of the blue light hazard to the retina, and suggest applying LED devices in a rational way to prevent the blue light hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wen-Chuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin-Gen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Xie Y, Tang Q, Chen G, Xie M, Yu S, Zhao J, Chen L. New Insights Into the Circadian Rhythm and Its Related Diseases. Front Physiol 2019; 10:682. [PMID: 31293431 PMCID: PMC6603140 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms (CR) are a series of endogenous autonomous oscillators generated by the molecular circadian clock which acting on coordinating internal time with the external environment in a 24-h daily cycle. The circadian clock system is a major regulatory factor for nearly all physiological activities and its disorder has severe consequences on human health. CR disruption is a common issue in modern society, and researches about people with jet lag or shift works have revealed that CR disruption can cause cognitive impairment, psychiatric illness, metabolic syndrome, dysplasia, and cancer. In this review, we summarized the synchronizers and the synchronization methods used in experimental research, and introduced CR monitoring and detection methods. Moreover, we evaluated conventional CR databases, and analyzed experiments that characterized the underlying causes of CR disorder. Finally, we further discussed the latest developments in understanding of CR disruption, and how it may be relevant to health and disease. Briefly, this review aimed to synthesize previous studies to aid in future studies of CR and CR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Antognazza MR, Abdel Aziz I, Lodola F. Use of Exogenous and Endogenous Photomediators as Efficient ROS Modulation Tools: Results and Perspectives for Therapeutic Purposes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2867516. [PMID: 31049131 PMCID: PMC6462332 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2867516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play an essential dual role in living systems. Healthy levels of ROS modulate several signaling pathways, but at the same time, when they exceed normal physiological amounts, they work in the opposite direction, playing pivotal functions in the pathophysiology of multiple severe medical conditions (i.e., cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and aging). Therefore, the research for methods to detect their levels via light-sensitive fluorescent probes has been extensively studied over the years. However, this is not the only link between light and ROS. In fact, the modulation of ROS mediated by light has been exploited already for a long time. In this review, we report the state of the art, as well as recent developments, in the field of photostimulation of oxidative stress, from photobiomodulation (PBM) mediated by naturally expressed light-sensitive proteins to the most recent optogenetic approaches, and finally, we describe the main methods of exogenous stimulation, in particular highlighting the new insights based on optically driven ROS modulation mediated by polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Abdel Aziz
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
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15
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Solovev IA, Shaposhnikov MV, Moskalev AA. Genetic mechanisms of the influence of light and phototransduction on Drosophila melanogaster lifespan. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The light of the visible spectrum (with wavelengths of 380-780 nm) is one of the fundamental abiotic factors to which organisms have been adapting since the start of biological evolution on the Earth. Numerous literature sources establish a connection between the duration of exposure to daylight, carcinogenesis and longevity, convincingly showing a significant reduction in the incidence of cancer in blind people, as well as in animal models. On the other hand, the stimulating nature of the effect of continuous illumination on reproductive function was noted, in particular, the effects of increasing the fecundity of females of various species are known. Increase in motor activity and, as a result, in metabolic rate and thermogenesis during permanent exposure to light also reduces the body's energy reserves and lifespan. In principle, in the context of aging, not only the exposure time, but also the age at the onset of exposure to constant illumination matter, the reverse effects are valid for the maintenance of experimental animals in the constant darkness. Over the long period of the evolution of light signal transduction systems, many mechanisms have emerged that allow to form an adequate response of the organism to illumination, modulating the highly conservative signaling cascades, including those associated with aging and lifespan (FOXO, SIRT1, NF-kB, mTOR/S6k, PPARa, etc). In this review, we consider the relationship between lifespan, photoregimens, and also the expression of the genes encoding the phototransduction cascade and the circadian oscillator elements of animal cells. In the present paper, basic transducers of light and other signals, such as the family of TRP receptors, G proteins, phospholipase C, and others, are considered in the context of aging and longevity. A relationship between the mechanisms of thermoreception, the temperature synchronization of the circadian oscillator and the life span is established in the review. Analysis of experimental data obtained from the Drosophila melano-gaster model allowed us to formulate the hypothesis of age-dependent photoresistance - a gradual decrease in the expression of genes associated with phototransduction and circadian oscillators, leading to deterioration in the ability to adapt to the photoregimen and to the increase in the rate of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Solovev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Center, UrB RAS; Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Department of Ecology, Institute of Natural Sciences
| | | | - A. A. Moskalev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Center, UrB RAS; Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Department of Ecology, Institute of Natural Sciences; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS
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16
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:199-212. [PMID: 29164625 PMCID: PMC5844808 DOI: 10.1111/php.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red or near-infrared light at low power densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used to reduce pain, inflammation, edema, and to regenerate damaged tissues such as wounds, bones, and tendons. The primary site of light absorption in mammalian cells has been identified as the mitochondria and, more specifically, cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). It is hypothesized that inhibitory nitric oxide can be dissociated from CCO, thus restoring electron transport and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Another mechanism involves activation of light or heat-gated ion channels. This review will cover the redox signaling that occurs in PBM and examine the difference between healthy and stressed cells, where PBM can have apparently opposite effects. PBM has a marked effect on stem cells, and this is proposed to operate via mitochondrial redox signaling. PBM can act as a preconditioning regimen and can interact with exercise on muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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19
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and make_set(2234=2234,4853)-- tppa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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20
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 or updatexml(4295,concat(0x2e,0x717a717671,(select (elt(4295=4295,1))),0x71706a6271),3985)-- bssu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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21
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 or not 3194=3194# dgnj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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22
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and (select (case when (5719=8223) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,5719) end) from dual) is null] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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26
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and 8885=3318-- bykq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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27
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and 2019=2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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28
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and 1705=('qzqvq'||(select case 1705 when 1705 then 1 else 0 end from rdb$database)||'qpjbq')-- qsrj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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29
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and extractvalue(6022,concat(0x5c,0x717a717671,(select (elt(6022=6022,1))),0x71706a6271))# igpm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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34
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 or not 8779=2113# mdth] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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35
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 or not 5169=2257-- ejdi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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36
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and 2341=9012# mbxq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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38
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 or not 9689=3416#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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42
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and updatexml(3081,concat(0x2e,0x717a717671,(select (elt(3081=3081,1))),0x71706a6271),1398)# ymdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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44
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 rlike (select (case when (3831=3831) then 0x31302e313131312f7068702e3132383634 else 0x28 end))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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45
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 and 1321=4667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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46
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Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Photochem Photobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12864 or updatexml(4295,concat(0x2e,0x717a717671,(select (elt(4295=4295,1))),0x71706a6271),3985)# pcqv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston MA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA
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