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Fernández-Liste A, González-Cantalapiedra A, Cascallana JL, García-Caballero T, Gallego R. Modification of the Marmarou and Foda model of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) improves percentage survival of rats at 24 h and increases the amount of DAI identified. J Forensic Sci 2023. [PMID: 37171023 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
More than two decades ago, Marmarou published a valid model for producing diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rats. Since then, both mild and severe injuries have been obtained by researchers using the original method and a weight of 450 g. However, the diffuse brain injuries produced in rats were only similar to those seen in humans when the rats sustained severe brain injuries. In these cases, rat mortality in the original article was around 50%, and the cause of death was prolonged apnea post-impact. Rat survival after impact is critical for studying the progression of DAI. In order to explain the cause of death in human victims with cranial trauma who do not show gross brain injury, testing for the presence of DAI is essential. Thus, in order to minimize local and cervical injuries to increase rat survival, attention should be paid to the following aspects: a wider head protector disc should be used, the head of the rat should be elevated at the time of impact, and the foam bed should be soft enough to allow the movement caused by acceleration. With our modified method, rat survival increased by 30% compared to the original model (80% versus 50%). Moreover, 85.7% of rats demonstrated DAI after 24 h of survival. With these modifications, injuries appear in the same locations as in humans; thus, the method is suitable for the study of traumatic DAI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José L Cascallana
- Forensic Pathology Service, Institute of Legal Medicine, Lugo, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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2
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García-Caballero L, Gándara M, Cepeda-Emiliani A, Gallego R, Gude F, Suárez-Quintanilla J, Ramos-Barbosa I, Blanco-Carrión J. Histological and histomorphometric study of human palatal mucosa: Implications for connective tissue graft harvesting. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:784-795. [PMID: 36872046 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse the histological structure and histomorphometric characteristics of human hard palatal mucosa in order to determine the donor site of choice for connective tissue grafts from a histological point of view. MATERIALS AND METHODS Palatal mucosa samples from six cadaver heads were harvested at four sites: incisal, premolar, molar and tuberosity. Histological and immunohistochemical techniques were performed, as was histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS In the current study, we found that the density and size of cells were higher in the superficial papillary layer, whereas the thickness of the collagen bundles increased in the reticular layer. Excluding the epithelium, the mean percentage of lamina propria (LP) and submucosa (SM) was 37% and 63%, respectively (p < .001). LP thickness showed similar values in the incisal, premolar and molar regions, and a significantly greater thickness in tuberosity (p < .001). The thickness of SM increased from incisal to premolar and molar, disappearing in the tuberosity (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS As dense connective tissue of LP is the tissue of choice for connective tissue grafts, the best donor site from a histological point of view is tuberosity because it is composed only of a thick LP without the presence of a loose submucosal layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences (Histology Area), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela and Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marina Gándara
- Department of Morphological Sciences (Histology Area), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela and Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani
- Department of Morphological Sciences (Histology Area), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela and Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences (Histology Area), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela and Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Gude
- Epidemiology Unit, University Clinical Hospital and Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez-Quintanilla
- Department of Morphological Sciences (Anatomy and Embryology Area), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Ramos-Barbosa
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Blanco-Carrión
- Periodontology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, and Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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3
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Reimúndez A, Fernández-Peña C, Ordás P, Hernández-Ortego P, Gallego R, Morenilla-Palao C, Navarro J, Martín-Cora F, Pardo-Vázquez JL, Schwarz LA, Arce V, Viana F, Señarís R. The cold-sensing ion channel TRPM8 regulates central and peripheral clockwork and the circadian oscillations of body temperature. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13896. [PMID: 36251565 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Physiological functions in mammals show circadian oscillations, synchronized by daily cycles of light and temperature. Central and peripheral clocks participate in this regulation. Since the ion channel TRPM8 is a critical cold sensor, we investigated its role in circadian function. METHODS We used TRPM8 reporter mouse lines and TRPM8-deficient mice. mRNA levels were determined by in situ hybridization or RT-qPCR and protein levels by immunofluorescence. A telemetry system was used to measure core body temperature (Tc). RESULTS TRPM8 is expressed in the retina, specifically in cholinergic amacrine interneurons and in a subset of melanopsin-positive ganglion cells which project to the central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. TRPM8-positive fibres were also found innervating choroid and ciliary body vasculature, with a putative function in intraocular temperature, as shown in TRPM8-deficient mice. Interestingly, Trpm8-/- animals displayed increased expression of the clock gene Per2 and vasopressin (AVP) in the SCN, suggesting a regulatory role of TRPM8 on the central oscillator. Since SCN AVP neurons control body temperature, we studied Tc in driven and free-running conditions. TRPM8-deficiency increased the amplitude of Tc oscillations and, under dim constant light, induced a greater phase delay and instability of Tc rhythmicity. Finally, TRPM8-positive fibres innervate peripheral organs, like liver and white adipose tissue. Notably, Trpm8-/- mice displayed a dysregulated expression of Per2 mRNA in these metabolic tissues. CONCLUSION Our findings support a function of TRPM8 as a temperature sensor involved in the regulation of central and peripheral clocks and the circadian control of Tc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Reimúndez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Peña
- Institute of Neuroscience. UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain.,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Juan Navarro
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Cora
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luís Pardo-Vázquez
- Department Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, CICA, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Victor Arce
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Félix Viana
- Institute of Neuroscience. UMH-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa Señarís
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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4
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Cepeda-Emiliani A, Gándara-Cortés M, Otero-Alén M, García H, Suárez-Quintanilla J, García-Caballero T, Gallego R, García-Caballero L. Immunohistological study of the density and distribution of human penile neural tissue: gradient hypothesis. Int J Impot Res 2022; 35:286-305. [PMID: 35501394 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistological patterns of density and distribution of neural tissue in the human penis, including the prepuce, are not fully characterized, and effects of circumcision (partial or total removal of the penile prepuce) on penile sexual sensation are controversial. This study analyzed extra- and intracavernosal innervation patterns on the main penile axes using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human adult and fetal penile tissues, single- and double-staining immunohistochemistry and a variety of neural and non-neural markers, with a special emphasis on the prepuce and potential sexual effects of circumcision. Immunohistochemical profiles of neural structures were determined and the most detailed immunohistological characterizations to date of preputial nerve supply are provided. The penile prepuce has a highly organized, dense, afferent innervation pattern that is manifest early in fetal development. Autonomically, it receives noradrenergic sympathetic and nitrergic parasympathetic innervation. Cholinergic nerves are also present. We observed cutaneous and subcutaneous neural density distribution biases across our specimens towards the ventral prepuce, including a region corresponding in the adult anatomical position (penis erect) to the distal third of the ventral penile aspect. We also describe a concept of innervation gradients across the longitudinal and transverse penile axes. Results are discussed in relation to the specialized literature. An argument is made that neuroanatomic substrates underlying unusual permanent penile sensory disturbances post-circumcision are related to heightened neural levels in the distal third of the ventral penile aspect, which could potentially be compromised by deep incisions during circumcision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Marina Gándara-Cortés
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Otero-Alén
- Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Heidy García
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Juan Suárez-Quintanilla
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Vega-Castro A, Rodríguez-Gil D, Martínez-Gomariz M, Gallego R, Peña MI, Palacios R. Api m 6 and Api m 10 as Major Allergens in Patients With Honeybee Venom Allergy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022; 32:116-123. [PMID: 32856591 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Component-resolved diagnosis plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of honeybee venom allergy (HVA). Our aim was to study whether any of the allergens not included in the usual diagnostic platforms are relevant in our population. MATERIAL AND METHODS The allergenic sensitization profile of Spanish patients who experienced a systemic reaction after a honeybee sting and were diagnosed with HVA was studied by immunoblotting based on raw autochthonous Apis mellifera venom characterized using SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry and a commercial assay (ImmunoCAP). RESULTS Allergens in the International Union of Immunological Societies database were detected in the raw A mellifera venom extract used, except Api m 12. Sera from 51 patients with a median (IQR) age of 46.2 years (35.6-54.6) were analyzed. ImmunoCAP revealed Api m 1 and Api m 10 to be major allergens (88.2% and 74.5%, respectively). Moreover, Api m 6 (85.4%) was detected by immunoblotting. CONCLUSION Api m 1, Api m 6, and Api m 10 are major A mellifera venom allergens in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vega-Castro
- Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain; Spanish Thematic Network and Co-operative Research Centre ARADyAL, Center RD16/0006/0023
| | | | | | - R Gallego
- Diater Laboratorios S.A., Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - M I Peña
- Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain; Spanish Thematic Network and Co-operative Research Centre ARADyAL, Center RD16/0006/0023
| | - R Palacios
- Diater Laboratorios S.A., Leganés, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Seoane-Collazo P, Rial-Pensado E, Estévez-Salguero Á, Milbank E, García-Caballero L, Ríos M, Liñares-Pose L, Scotece M, Gallego R, Fernández-Real JM, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C, Gualillo O, López M. Activation of hypothalamic AMPK ameliorates metabolic complications of experimental arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:212-222. [PMID: 34398520 DOI: 10.1002/art.41950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether thermogenesis and the hypothalamus may be involved in the physiopathology of experimental arthritis (EA). METHODS EA was induced in Lewis male rats by intradermal injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Food intake, body weight, plasma cytokines, thermographic analysis, gene and protein expression of thermogenic markers in brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissue and hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were analyzed. Virogenetic activation of hypothalamic AMPK was performed. RESULTS We first demonstrate that EA is associated with increased BAT thermogenesis and browning of subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) leading to elevated energy expenditure. Moreover, rats suffering EA show inhibition of hypothalamic AMPK, a canonical energy sensor modulating energy homeostasis at central level. Notably, specific genetic activation of AMPK in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH; a key site modulating energy metabolism) reverses the effect of EA on energy balance, brown fat and browning, as well as promoting an amelioration of the inflammatory status. CONCLUSION Overall, these data indicate that EA promotes a central catabolic state that can be targeted and reversed by the activation of hypothalamic AMPK. This might open new therapeutic alternatives to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated metabolic comorbidities, improving RA-patients overall prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Rial-Pensado
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ánxela Estévez-Salguero
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Ríos
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Liñares-Pose
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Morena Scotece
- SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, NEIRID Lab, and Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona and Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, NEIRID Lab, and Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Soler G, Legido R, Perez X, Martinez-Villacampa M, Santos C, Losa F, Ruffinelli J, Mulet N, Teule A, Castany R, Gallego R, Carbonell M, Manzana A, Rios A, Saldaña J, Salazar R. 513P Prospective evaluation of the G8 screening tool for predicting survival in elderly patients with colon cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Seguí E, Alonso-Orduna V, Sesma A, Martin-Richard M, Salud A, Fernández-Montes A, Fernández-Martos C, Ruiz-Casado A, Gallego J, Aparicio J, Gálvez E, Manzano H, Alcaide-Garcia J, Gallego R, Falco E, Esposito F, Oliveres H, Torres F, Feliu J, Maurel J. 471P Identification and validation of a new prognostic score in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): GEMCAD score. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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9
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Antolin S, García-Caballero L, Reboredo C, Molina Diaz A, Mosquera J, Vázquez-Boquete A, Gallego R, Santiago MP, Concha A, Perez MEVA, Calvo L, García-Caballero T. Correlation between HER2 amplification level and response to neoadjuvant treatment with trastuzumab and chemotherapy in HER2 positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e12641 Background: HER2 targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy have changed the aggressive natural history of HER2-positive tumors. To select patients to be treated with this type of agents, determination of HER2 status is usually carried out by immunohistochemistry, followed by in situ hybridization in equivocal cases (2+). There are contradictory data in literature regarding correlation between level of HER2 amplification determined by FISH and early and long-term treatment benefits. Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate quantitative results of FISH (ratio HER2/CEN17 and number of HER2 signals/nucleus) with the grade of response to neoadjuvant treatment with trastuzumab and chemotherapy. Methods: We analyzed 100 consecutive cases of stage I-III breast carcinomas treated with trastuzumab and chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting at A Coruña University Hospital between 2005 and 2016. At Santiago University Hospital, 4 tissue microarrays were prepared and the IQFISH (Dako-Agilent) technique was performed using pretreatment biopsies. Results: HER2 amplification was found in 92 of 100 cases studied. Pathological Complete Response (pCR) (Miller-Payne grading system) was obtained in 58% of the patients whose tumors showed amplification. No pCR was obtained in the 8 patients whose tumors were negative by FISH (not amplified). Analysis of the quantitative results demonstrated a statistical significant direct correlation between pCR and both HER2/CEN17 ratios and HER2 gene copies/nucleus (p = 0.002 and p= 0.004, respectively). We also demonstrated an association between the HER2 amplification level (both ratios and numbers of HER2 signals) and a trend toward improved disease free survival (DFS) (p = 0.451 and p= 0.619, respectively). Conclusions: HER2 amplification level determined by FISH it is a good and available predictive factor of response and must be included in pathologic reports because it can provide valuable information to oncologists on the possibilities of achieving pCR after neoadjuvant treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer. Key words: Breast cancer, FISH, HER2 amplification, trastuzumab, neoadjuvant therapy, pathological complete response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Antolin
- Medical Oncology Dept. University Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Reboredo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, A Coruña University Hospital, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Mosquera
- Medical Oncology Dept. University Hospital A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Angel Vázquez-Boquete
- Department of Pathology, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Santiago
- Department of Pathology, Breast Unit, A Coruña University Hospital, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Angel Concha
- Department of Pathology, Breast Unit, A Coruña University Hospital, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Calvo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, A Coruña University Hospital, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, A Coruña, Spain
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10
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García-Caballero L, Caneiro J, Gándara M, González-Ortega N, Cepeda-Emiliani A, Gude F, Collado M, Beiras A, Gallego R. Merkel cells of human oral mucosa express the pluripotent stem cell transcription factor Sox2. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1007-1012. [PMID: 32495847 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Merkel cells are neuroendocrine cells associated to a neural sensitive ending and localized primarily in the epidermis, although they are also found in oral mucosa. Sox2 or SRY-box2 is a key transcription factor important in the maintenance of embryonic neural crest stem cell pluripotency. Sox2 has been described in Merkel cells of skin and in Merkel cell carcinomas, but not specifically in oral Merkel cells. The aims of the present study were to analyze the density of Merkel cells in human oral mucosa and to study the expression of Sox2 in these cells. For these purposes, immunohistochemical analyses for Sox2 and CK20 (the best marker for Merkel cells) were automatically performed on sections of normal human oral mucosa. Double immunofluorescence for Sox2 and CK20 was also performed. To analyze the density of Merkel cells, CK20 positive cells were counted in each sample and the length of the epithelial apical edge was measured (cells/mm). Merkel cells, demonstrated by CK20 immunoreactivity, were found in 95% of oral mucosa specimens studied (n=21). Mean density of Merkel cells in oral mucosa was 1.71±2.34 cells/mm. Sox2 immunoreactivity was found in the nuclei of scattered cells located at the basal layer. Serial sections immunostained for Sox2 and CK20 showed that Sox2-positive cells of oral mucosa coexpressed CK20, confirming that they were Merkel cells. Immunofluorescence for Sox2 and CK20 showed colocalization of both markers, demonstrating that virtually all oral Merkel cells expressed Sox2. This transcription factor could play a role in Merkel cell maturation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Javier Caneiro
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marina Gándara
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Gude
- Epidemiology Unit, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Collado
- Laboratory of Stem Cells in Cancer and Aging, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés Beiras
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Aparicio J, Virgili A, Capdevila J, Muñoz Boza F, Álvarez R, Bosch C, Cámara J, Fernandez-Martos C, Fernandez-Plana J, Gallego J, Gallego R, Hernández-Yagüe X, Macías Declara I, Rodríguez-Salas N, Vera R, Taberner M, Maurel J. Randomized phase II clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of second-line FOLFIRI-panitumumab in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer who have received FOLFOX-panitumumab in first-line (BEYOND). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Carroll EL, Gallego R, Sewell MA, Zeldis J, Ranjard L, Ross HA, Tooman LK, O'Rorke R, Newcomb RD, Constantine R. Multi-locus DNA metabarcoding of zooplankton communities and scat reveal trophic interactions of a generalist predator. Sci Rep 2019; 9:281. [PMID: 30670720 PMCID: PMC6342929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the ecosystem dynamics that underpin the year-round presence of a large generalist consumer, the Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni brydei), we use a DNA metabarcoding approach and systematic zooplankton surveys to investigate seasonal and regional changes in zooplankton communities and if whale diet reflects such changes. Twenty-four zooplankton community samples were collected from three regions throughout the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, over two temperature regimes (warm and cool seasons), as well as 20 samples of opportunistically collected Bryde's whale scat. Multi-locus DNA barcode libraries were constructed from 18S and COI gene fragments, representing a trade-off between identification and resolution of metazoan taxa. Zooplankton community OTU occurrence and relative read abundance showed regional and seasonal differences based on permutational analyses of variance in both DNA barcodes, with significant changes in biodiversity indices linked to season in COI only. In contrast, we did not find evidence that Bryde's whale diet shows seasonal or regional trends, but instead indicated clear prey preferences for krill-like crustaceans, copepods, salps and ray-finned fishes independent of prey availability. The year-round presence of Bryde's whales in the Hauraki Gulf is likely associated with the patterns of distribution and abundance of these key prey items.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Carroll
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - R Gallego
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M A Sewell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Zeldis
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - L Ranjard
- Research School of Biology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - H A Ross
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L K Tooman
- The Institute for Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R O'Rorke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R D Newcomb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Institute for Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Constantine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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González-Sánchez J, Sánchez-Temprano A, Cid-Díaz T, Pabst-Fernández R, Mosteiro CS, Gallego R, Nogueiras R, Casabiell X, Butler-Browne GS, Mouly V, Relova JL, Pazos Y, Camiña JP. Improvement of Duchenne muscular dystrophy phenotype following obestatin treatment. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:1063-1078. [PMID: 30216693 PMCID: PMC6240759 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to test the therapeutic potential of obestatin, an autocrine anabolic factor regulating skeletal muscle repair, to ameliorate the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a multidisciplinary approach, we characterized the ageing-related preproghrelin/GPR39 expression patterns in tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of 4-, 8-, and 18-week-old mdx mice (n = 3/group) and established the effects of obestatin administration at this level in 8-week-old mdx mice (n = 5/group). The findings were extended to in vitro effects on human immortalized DMD myotubes. An analysis of TAs revealed an age-related loss of preproghrelin expression, as precursor of obestatin, in mdx mice. Administration of obestatin resulted in a significant increase in tetanic specific force (33.0% ± 1.5%, P < 0.05), compared with control mdx mice. Obestatin-treated TAs were characterized by reduction of fibres with centrally located nuclei (10.0% ± 1.2%, P < 0.05) together with an increase in the number of type I fibres (25.2% ± 1.7%, P < 0.05) associated to histone deacetylases/myocyte enhancer factor-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α axis, and down-regulation of ubiquitin E3-ligases by inactivation of FoxO1/4, indexes of muscle atrophy. Obestatin reduced the level of contractile damage and tissue fibrosis. These observations correlated with decline in serum creatine kinase (58.8 ± 15.2, P < 0.05). Obestatin led to stabilization of the sarcolemma by up-regulation of utrophin, α-syntrophin, β-dystroglycan, and α7β1-integrin proteins. These pathways were also operative in human DMD myotubes. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the potential of obestatin as a peptide therapeutic for preserving muscle integrity in DMD, thus allowing a better efficiency of gene or cell therapy in a combined therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica González-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Agustín Sánchez-Temprano
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tania Cid-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Regina Pabst-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos S Mosteiro
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Departamento de Fisiología, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xesús Casabiell
- Departamento de Fisiología, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gillian S Butler-Browne
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | | | - Yolanda Pazos
- Laboratorio de Patología Digestiva, IDIS, CHUS, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús P Camiña
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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14
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Fernández-Nocelo S, Gallego R, Costoya JA, Arce VM. Expression of myostatin in human hematopoietic cells unveils novel autocrine/paracrine actions for the hormone. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7236-7246. [PMID: 30370618 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily that has a well-established role as a mediator of muscle growth and development. However, myostatin is now emerging as a pleiotropic hormone with multiple actions in the regulation of the metabolism as well as several aspects of both cardiac and smooth muscle cells physiology. In addition, myostatin is also expressed in several nonmuscular cells where its physiological role remains to be elucidated in most cases. In this report, we have shown that both myostatin and its receptor system are expressed in blood cells and in hematopoietic cell lines. Furthermore, myostatin treatment promotes differentiation of both HL60 and K562 cells through a mechanism that involves activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, thus leading to the possibility that myostatin may be a paracrine/autocrine factor involved in the control of haematopoiesis. In addition, the presence of myostatin expression in immune cells could envisage a novel role for the hormone in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Fernández-Nocelo
- Departamento de Fisioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José A Costoya
- Departamento de Fisioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor M Arce
- Departamento de Fisioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Perarnau-Llobet M, Wilming H, Riera A, Gallego R, Eisert J. Strong Coupling Corrections in Quantum Thermodynamics. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:120602. [PMID: 29694098 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum systems strongly coupled to many-body systems equilibrate to the reduced state of a global thermal state, deviating from the local thermal state of the system as it occurs in the weak-coupling limit. Taking this insight as a starting point, we study the thermodynamics of systems strongly coupled to thermal baths. First, we provide strong-coupling corrections to the second law applicable to general systems in three of its different readings: As a statement of maximal extractable work, on heat dissipation, and bound to the Carnot efficiency. These corrections become relevant for small quantum systems and vanish in first order in the interaction strength. We then move to the question of power of heat engines, obtaining a bound on the power enhancement due to strong coupling. Our results are exemplified on the paradigmatic non-Markovian quantum Brownian motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perarnau-Llobet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Wilming
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Riera
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Gallego
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Abstract
We investigate the limitations that emerge in thermodynamic tasks as a result of having local control only over the components of a thermal machine. These limitations are particularly relevant for devices composed of interacting many-body systems. Specifically, we study protocols of work extraction that employ a many-body system as a working medium whose evolution can be driven by tuning the on-site Hamiltonian terms. This provides a restricted set of thermodynamic operations, giving rise to alternative bounds for the performance of engines. Our findings show that those limitations in control render it, in general, impossible to reach Carnot efficiency; in its extreme ramification it can even forbid to reach a finite efficiency or finite work per particle. We focus on the one-dimensional Ising model in the thermodynamic limit as a case study. We show that in the limit of strong interactions the ferromagnetic case becomes useless for work extraction, while the antiferromagnetic case improves its performance with the strength of the couplings, reaching Carnot in the limit of arbitrary strong interactions. Our results provide a promising connection between the study of quantum control and thermodynamics and introduce a more realistic set of physical operations well suited to capture current experimental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lekscha
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Wilming
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Gallego
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Gándara-Cortes M, Vázquez-Boquete Á, Fernández-Rodríguez B, Viaño P, Ínsua D, Seoane-Seoane A, Gude F, Gallego R, Fraga M, Antúnez JR, Curiel T, Pérez-López E, García-Caballero T. Breast cancer subtype discrimination using standardized 4-IHC and digital image analysis. Virchows Arch 2017; 472:195-203. [PMID: 28825136 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Surrogate classification of intrinsic subtypes of invasive carcinomas by combined immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, and Ki67 (4-IHC) has increased steadily since the 2011 St Gallen symposium, due to its rapid subtyping of tumors at a reasonable cost. An important step in improving 4-IHC reproducibility and reliability will be to provide reference values from the routine use of standardized 4-IHC followed by image analysis. The aims of the current study were (1) to analyze invasive breast carcinomas using standardized 4-IHC and quantitative image analysis and (2) to compare the results obtained in the classification of biological subtypes using current Ki67 and PR threshold values proposed by different authors to sub-classifying the luminal A-like and the luminal B-like (HER2-negative) subtypes. Five hundred twenty-one tumors were analyzed by standardized immunohistochemistry, with automatic image analysis, and HER2 FISH technique. Positivity for ER was found in 82.7% and for PR in 70.1% of cases. Using the Allred scoring system, hormone receptor results showed a bimodal distribution, particularly for ER. HER2 positivity was found in 15.7% of cases, and the mean Ki67 score was 32.3%. Using the most recently proposed surrogate definitions for the classification of luminal breast cancer subtypes, the percentages of different subtypes that we found were similar to those published with genomic platforms: 40.7% luminal A-like, 32.4% luminal B-like/HER2-negative, 9.8% luminal B-like/HER2-positive, 6.0% HER2-positive, and 11.1% triple negative. Standardized 4-IHC with automatic image analysis constitutes a low-cost method for surrogate definitions of biological subtypes of breast cancer that delivers accurate results in a day.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/classification
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/classification
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/classification
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/standards
- Immunohistochemistry/standards
- Middle Aged
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gándara-Cortes
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángel Vázquez-Boquete
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | | | - Patricia Viaño
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dora Ínsua
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Gude
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Máximo Fraga
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José R Antúnez
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Curiel
- Department of Oncology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Pérez-López
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Alén BO, Leal-López S, Alén MO, Viaño P, García-Castro V, Mosteiro CS, Beiras A, Casanueva FF, Gallego R, García-Caballero T, Camiña JP, Pazos Y. The role of the obestatin/GPR39 system in human gastric adenocarcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 7:5957-71. [PMID: 26716511 PMCID: PMC4868733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obestatin, a 23-amino acid peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, and the GPR39 receptor were reported to be involved in the control of mitogenesis of gastric cancer cell lines; however, the relationship between the obestatin/GPR39 system and gastric cancer progression remains unknown. In the present study, we determined the expression levels of the obestatin/GPR39 system in human gastric adenocarcinomas and explored their potential functional roles. Twenty-eight patients with gastric adenocarcinomas were retrospectively studied, and clinical data were obtained. The role of obestatin/GPR39 in gastric cancer progression was studied in vitro using the human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cell line. Obestatin exogenous administration in these GPR39-bearing cells deregulated the expression of several hallmarks of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis. Moreover, obestatin signaling promoted phenotypic changes via GPR39, increasingly impacting on the cell morphology, proliferation, migration and invasion of these cells. In healthy human stomachs, obestatin expression was observed in the neuroendocrine cells and GPR39 expression was localized mainly in the chief cells of the oxyntic glands. In human gastric adenocarcinomas, no obestatin expression was found; however, an aberrant pattern of GPR39 expression was discovered, correlating to the dedifferentiation of the tumor. Altogether, our data strongly suggest the involvement of the obestatin/GPR39 system in the pathogenesis and/or clinical outcome of human gastric adenocarcinomas and highlight the potential usefulness of GPR39 as a prognostic marker in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña O Alén
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Saúl Leal-López
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Otero Alén
- IDIS, CHUS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, CHUS, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Viaño
- IDIS, CHUS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, CHUS, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Carlos S Mosteiro
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés Beiras
- IDIS, CHUS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, CHUS, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,IDIS, CHUS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- IDIS, CHUS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, CHUS, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús P Camiña
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pazos
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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19
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Martins L, Seoane-Collazo P, Contreras C, González-García I, Martínez-Sánchez N, González F, Zalvide J, Gallego R, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, Tena-Sempere M, López M. A Functional Link between AMPK and Orexin Mediates the Effect of BMP8B on Energy Balance. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2231-2242. [PMID: 27524625 PMCID: PMC4999418 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) and orexin (OX) in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) modulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. However, whether these two molecular mechanisms act jointly or independently is unclear. Here, we show that the thermogenic effect of bone morphogenetic protein 8B (BMP8B) is mediated by the inhibition of AMPK in the VMH and the subsequent increase in OX signaling via the OX receptor 1 (OX1R). Accordingly, the thermogenic effect of BMP8B is totally absent in ox-null mice. BMP8B also induces browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), its thermogenic effect is sexually dimorphic (only observed in females), and its impact on OX expression and thermogenesis is abolished by the knockdown of glutamate vesicular transporter 2 (VGLUT2), implicating glutamatergic signaling. Overall, our data uncover a central network controlling energy homeostasis that may be of considerable relevance for obesity and metabolic disorders. Central BMP8B modulates BAT thermogenesis and browning of WAT AMPK in the VMH mediates central BMP8B actions OX in the LHA mediates central BMP8B actions The AMPK(VMH)-OX(LHA) axis is a functional neuronal pathway regulating energy balance
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Martins
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Ismael González-García
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Noelia Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Francisco González
- Department of Surgery, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Service of Ophthalmology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Juan Zalvide
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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Abstract
The second law of thermodynamics, formulated as an ultimate bound on the maximum extractable work, has been rigorously derived in multiple scenarios. However, the unavoidable limitations that emerge due to the lack of control on small systems are often disregarded when deriving such bounds, which is specifically important in the context of quantum thermodynamics. Here we study the maximum extractable work with limited control over the working system and its interaction with the heat bath. We derive a general second law when the set of accessible Hamiltonians of the working system is arbitrarily restricted. We then apply our bound to particular scenarios that are important in realistic implementations: limitations on the maximum energy gap and local control over many-body systems. We hence demonstrate in what precise way the lack of control affects the second law. In particular, contrary to the unrestricted case, we show that the optimal work extraction is not achieved by simple thermal contacts. Our results not only generalize the second law to scenarios of practical relevance, but also take first steps in the direction of local thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wilming
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Gallego
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Gallego R, Flores A. Management And Psychiatric Manifestations Of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis, A Case Report. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAnti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, formally recognized in 2007 by Dalmau et al, is an autoimmune disorder with a complex presentation that includes psychiatric symptoms, memory deficits, and autonomic instability. The exact incidence is unknown but age, gender, and ethnicity may all play a role. Presence of antibodies against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR in the CSF and serum confirm the diagnosis of NMDAR encephalitis.Case reportWe report the case of a previously healthy, 19-year-old woman, 6 weeks pregnant. She had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure followed by psychiatric symptoms, including insomnia, emotional lability, delusions, and disorganized behavior. During the course of the disease, she demonstrated speech impairments and catatonic features associated with abnormal movements.She was provided lorazepam 1 mg twice a day to treat her catatonic symptoms, her insomnia and her speech improved. Olanzapine was introduced, reaching a dose of 20 mg/day for managing psychosis and agitation.DiscussionNMDA-R encephalitis is a novel disorder with prominent psychiatric manifestations that is widely underdiagnosed. Neuroleptics may be helpful for managing psychosis and agitation, but may exacerbate movement abnormalities. Benzodiazepines are helpful for agitation, insomnia and catatonia associated with this condition.ConclusionEarlier recognition of this illness is crucial as prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment, can potentially improve prognosis. There is an increasing need for psychiatrists to become aware of the disorder and consider it in their differential diagnosis, specially in patients with new onset psychosis, history of encephalitis or subtle neurological symptoms. Careful selection of psychopharmacological interventions may reduce suffering.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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22
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Quiñones M, Al-Massadi O, Gallego R, Fernø J, Diéguez C, López M, Nogueiras R. Hypothalamic CaMKKβ mediates glucagon anorectic effect and its diet-induced resistance. Mol Metab 2015; 4:961-70. [PMID: 26909312 PMCID: PMC4731730 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Glucagon receptor antagonists and humanized glucagon antibodies are currently studied as promising therapies for obesity and type II diabetes. Among its variety of actions, glucagon reduces food intake, but the molecular mechanisms mediating this effect as well as glucagon resistance are totally unknown. Methods Glucagon and adenoviral vectors were administered in specific hypothalamic nuclei of lean and diet-induced obese rats. The expression of neuropeptides controlling food intake was performed by in situ hybridization. The regulation of factors of the glucagon signaling pathway was assessed by western blot. Results The central injection of glucagon decreased feeding through a hypothalamic pathway involving protein kinase A (PKA)/Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism. More specifically, the central injection of glucagon increases PKA activity and reduces protein levels of CaMKKβ and its downstream target phosphorylated AMPK in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Consistently, central glucagon significantly decreased AgRP expression. Inhibition of PKA and genetic activation of AMPK in the ARC blocked glucagon-induced anorexia in lean rats. Genetic down-regulation of glucagon receptors in the ARC stimulates fasting-induced hyperphagia. Although glucagon was unable to decrease food intake in DIO rats, glucagon sensitivity was restored after inactivation of CaMKKβ, specifically in the ARC. Thus, glucagon decreases food intake acutely via PKA/CaMKKβ/AMPK dependent pathways in the ARC, and CaMKKβ mediates its obesity-induced hypothalamic resistance. Conclusions This work reveals the molecular underpinnings by which glucagon controls feeding that may lead to a better understanding of disease states linked to anorexia and cachexia. Glucagon stimulates PKA and inhibits CaMKKβ and AMPK in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Down-regulation of glucagon receptor in the ARC increases fasting-induced hyperphagia. Glucagon is unable to decrease food intake in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. In DIO rats, glucagon fails to alter CaMKKβ and its downstream targets AMPK and pACC. Down-regulation of CaMKKβ in the ARC restores glucagon sensitivity in obese rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Quiñones
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Omar Al-Massadi
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Department of Clinical Science, K. G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706, Spain
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23
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Duarte L, Ruão M, Gallego R. Focal choroidal changes on diabetic macular edema. Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Duarte
- Ophthalmology; Centro Hospitalar Entre o Douro e Vouga; Santa Maria da Feira Portugal
| | - M. Ruão
- Ophthalmology; Centro Hospitalar Entre o Douro e Vouga; Santa Maria da Feira Portugal
| | - R. Gallego
- Unidad de Macula; Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe; Valencia Spain
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24
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Gallego R, Arteaga J, Valencia C, Franco J. Thickening properties of several NCO-functionalized cellulose derivatives in castor oil. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Santos-Zas I, Gurriarán-Rodríguez U, Cid-Díaz T, Figueroa G, González-Sánchez J, Bouzo-Lorenzo M, Mosteiro CS, Señarís J, Casanueva FF, Casabiell X, Gallego R, Pazos Y, Mouly V, Camiña JP. β-Arrestin scaffolds and signaling elements essential for the obestatin/GPR39 system that determine the myogenic program in human myoblast cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015. [PMID: 26211463 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obestatin/GPR39 signaling stimulates skeletal muscle repair by inducing the expansion of satellite stem cells as well as myofiber hypertrophy. Here, we describe that the obestatin/GPR39 system acts as autocrine/paracrine factor on human myogenesis. Obestatin regulated multiple steps of myogenesis: myoblast proliferation, cell cycle exit, differentiation and recruitment to fuse and form multinucleated hypertrophic myotubes. Obestatin-induced mitogenic action was mediated by ERK1/2 and JunD activity, being orchestrated by a G-dependent mechanism. At a later stage of myogenesis, scaffolding proteins β-arrestin 1 and 2 were essential for the activation of cell cycle exit and differentiation through the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Upon obestatin stimulus, β-arrestins are recruited to the membrane, where they functionally interact with GPR39 leading to Src activation and signalplex formation to EGFR transactivation by matrix metalloproteinases. This signalplex regulated the mitotic arrest by p21 and p57 expression and the mid- to late stages of differentiation through JNK/c-Jun, CAMKII, Akt and p38 pathways. This finding not only provides the first functional activity for β-arrestins in myogenesis but also identify potential targets for therapeutic approaches by triggering specific signaling arms of the GPR39 signaling involved in myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icía Santos-Zas
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Uxía Gurriarán-Rodríguez
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tania Cid-Díaz
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gabriela Figueroa
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jessica González-Sánchez
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Bouzo-Lorenzo
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos S Mosteiro
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Señarís
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, CHUS, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xesús Casabiell
- Departamento de Fisiología, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pazos
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Institut de Myologie, INSERM, and Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jesús P Camiña
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Gurriarán-Rodríguez U, Santos-Zas I, González-Sánchez J, Beiroa D, Moresi V, Mosteiro CS, Lin W, Viñuela JE, Señarís J, García-Caballero T, Casanueva FF, Nogueiras R, Gallego R, Renaud JM, Adamo S, Pazos Y, Camiña JP. Action of obestatin in skeletal muscle repair: stem cell expansion, muscle growth, and microenvironment remodeling. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1003-1021. [PMID: 25762009 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle diseases, such as physical injuries and myopathies, depends on the knowledge of regulatory signals that control the myogenic process. The obestatin/GPR39 system operates as an autocrine signal in the regulation of skeletal myogenesis. Using a mouse model of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury and several cellular strategies, we explored the potential use of obestatin as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of trauma-induced muscle injuries. Our results evidenced that the overexpression of the preproghrelin, and thus obestatin, and GPR39 in skeletal muscle increased regeneration after muscle injury. More importantly, the intramuscular injection of obestatin significantly enhanced muscle regeneration by simulating satellite stem cell expansion as well as myofiber hypertrophy through a kinase hierarchy. Added to the myogenic action, the obestatin administration resulted in an increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and the consequent microvascularization, with no effect on collagen deposition in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the potential inhibition of myostatin during obestatin treatment might contribute to its myogenic action improving muscle growth and regeneration. Overall, our data demonstrate successful improvement of muscle regeneration, indicating obestatin is a potential therapeutic agent for skeletal muscle injury and would benefit other myopathies related to muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxía Gurriarán-Rodríguez
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain; Current address: Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Icía Santos-Zas
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - Jessica González-Sánchez
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlos S Mosteiro
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Juan E Viñuela
- Unidad de Inmunología, CHUS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Señarís
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, CHUS, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sergio Adamo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy
| | - Yolanda Pazos
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain
| | - Jesús P Camiña
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Spain.
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27
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Martínez de Morentin PB, Lage R, González-García I, Ruíz-Pino F, Martins L, Fernández-Mallo D, Gallego R, Fernø J, Señarís R, Saha AK, Tovar S, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, Tena-Sempere M, López M. Pregnancy induces resistance to the anorectic effect of hypothalamic malonyl-CoA and the thermogenic effect of hypothalamic AMPK inhibition in female rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:947-60. [PMID: 25535827 PMCID: PMC4330316 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During gestation, hyperphagia is necessary to cope with the metabolic demands of embryonic development. There were three main aims of this study: Firstly, to investigate the effect of pregnancy on hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism, a key pathway for the regulation of energy balance; secondly, to study whether pregnancy induces resistance to the anorectic effect of fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibition and accumulation of malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) in the hypothalamus; and, thirdly, to study whether changes in hypothalamic AMPK signaling are associated with brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis during pregnancy. Our data suggest that in pregnant rats, the hypothalamic fatty acid pathway shows an overall state that should lead to anorexia and elevated BAT thermogenesis: decreased activities of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), FAS, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, coupled with increased acetyl-CoA carboxylase function with subsequent elevation of malonyl-CoA levels. This profile seems dependent of estradiol levels but not prolactin or progesterone. Despite the apparent anorexic and thermogenic signaling in the hypothalamus, pregnant rats remain hyperphagic and display reduced temperature and BAT function. Actually, pregnant rats develop resistance to the anorectic effects of central FAS inhibition, which is associated with a reduction of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression and its transcription factors phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and phospho-forkhead box O1. This evidence demonstrates that pregnancy induces a state of resistance to the anorectic and thermogenic actions of hypothalamic cellular signals of energy surplus, which, in parallel to the already known refractoriness to leptin effects, likely contributes to gestational hyperphagia and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo B Martínez de Morentin
- Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (P.B.M.d.M., R.L., I.G.-G., L.M., D.F.M., R.S., S.T., C.D., R.N., M.L.), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (P.B.M.d.M., R.L., I.G.-G., F.R.-P., L.M., D.F.M., S.T., C.D., R.N., M.T.-S., M.L.), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (F.R.-P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (F.R.-P., M.T.-S.), Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Morphological Sciences (R.G.), School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Clinical Science (J.F.), K. G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5021, Norway; and Diabetes Research Unit, EBRC-827 (A.K.S.), Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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Contreras C, González-García I, Martínez-Sánchez N, Seoane-Collazo P, Jacas J, Morgan DA, Serra D, Gallego R, Gonzalez F, Casals N, Nogueiras R, Rahmouni K, Diéguez C, López M. Central ceramide-induced hypothalamic lipotoxicity and ER stress regulate energy balance. Cell Rep 2014; 9:366-377. [PMID: 25284795 PMCID: PMC5157160 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key mechanism leading to obesity. Here, we demonstrate that ceramides induce lipotoxicity and hypothalamic ER stress, leading to sympathetic inhibition, reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, and weight gain. Genetic overexpression of the chaperone GRP78/BiP (glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa/binding immunoglobulin protein) in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) abolishes ceramide action by reducing hypothalamic ER stress and increasing BAT thermogenesis, which leads to weight loss and improved glucose homeostasis. The pathophysiological relevance of this mechanism is demonstrated in obese Zucker rats, which show increased hypothalamic ceramide levels and ER stress. Overexpression of GRP78 in the VMH of these animals reduced body weight by increasing BAT thermogenesis as well as decreasing leptin and insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Overall, these data identify a triangulated signaling network involving central ceramides, hypothalamic lipotoxicity/ER stress, and BAT thermogenesis as a pathophysiological mechanism of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ismael González-García
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Noelia Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jordi Jacas
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dolors Serra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Invesstiagacion Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Service of Ophthalmology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Beiroa D, Imbernon M, Gallego R, Senra A, Herranz D, Villarroya F, Serrano M, Fernø J, Salvador J, Escalada J, Dieguez C, Lopez M, Frühbeck G, Nogueiras R. GLP-1 agonism stimulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and browning through hypothalamic AMPK. Diabetes 2014; 63:3346-58. [PMID: 24917578 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is widely located throughout the brain, but the precise molecular mechanisms mediating the actions of GLP-1 and its long-acting analogs on adipose tissue as well as the brain areas responsible for these interactions remain largely unknown. We found that central injection of a clinically used GLP-1R agonist, liraglutide, in mice stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and adipocyte browning independent of nutrient intake. The mechanism controlling these actions is located in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMH), and the activation of AMPK in this area is sufficient to blunt both central liraglutide-induced thermogenesis and adipocyte browning. The decreased body weight caused by the central injection of liraglutide in other hypothalamic sites was sufficiently explained by the suppression of food intake. In a longitudinal study involving obese type 2 diabetic patients treated for 1 year with GLP-1R agonists, both exenatide and liraglutide increased energy expenditure. Although the results do not exclude the possibility that extrahypothalamic areas are also modulating the effects of GLP-1R agonists, the data indicate that long-acting GLP-1R agonists influence body weight by regulating either food intake or energy expenditure through various hypothalamic sites and that these mechanisms might be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Beiroa
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Herranz
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Javier Salvador
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Escalada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Lopez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Martin-Richard M, Gallego R, Pericay C, Garcia Foncillas J, Queralt B, Casado E, Barriuso J, Iranzo V, Juez I, Visa L, Saigi E, Barnadas A, Garcia-Albeniz X, Maurel J. Multicenter phase II study of oxaliplatin and sorafenib in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma after failure of cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine treatment. A GEMCAD study. Invest New Drugs 2014; 31:1573-9. [PMID: 24077981 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine (CF) are standard first- line treatment in advanced gastric cancer, but no second-line treatment has yet been established. We present a phase II study in which we evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of Sorafenib (S), and Oxaliplatin as second-line therapy. METHODS Patients with progressive gastric adenocarcinoma after CF- first-line, ECOG 0-2, and measurable disease were included. The primary objective was PFS. Treatment doses were Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m²/3 weeks and Sorafenib 800 mg/bid/d. RESULTS We included 40 patients. CR was 2.5% and SD was 47.2%. Grade 3-4 toxic effects were neutropenia (9.8%), thrombocytopenia (7.3%), neurotoxicity (4.9%) and diarrhea (4.9%). Median PFS was 3 months (95%CI: 2.3-4.1) and median OS was 6.5 months (95% CI: 5.2-9.6). Time to progression (TTP) to first line therapy was a prognosis factor. Median OS was 9.7 months when time-to-progression during first-line chemotherapy was >6 months and 5.6 m when it was <6 months (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Time-to-progression under a CF-based first-line therapy determines subgroups of GC patients with different prognosis. The combination of Oxaliplatin-Sorafenib in advanced GC patients previously treated with CF appears safe, but our results do not support the implementation of a phase III trial.
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31
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Martínez de Morentin PB, González-García I, Martins L, Lage R, Fernández-Mallo D, Martínez-Sánchez N, Ruíz-Pino F, Liu J, Morgan DA, Pinilla L, Gallego R, Saha AK, Kalsbeek A, Fliers E, Bisschop PH, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, Rahmouni K, Tena-Sempere M, López M. Estradiol regulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis via hypothalamic AMPK. Cell Metab 2014; 20:41-53. [PMID: 24856932 PMCID: PMC4082097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play a major role in the modulation of energy balance through central and peripheral actions. Here, we demonstrate that central action of estradiol (E2) inhibits AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) selectively in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), leading to activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in a feeding-independent manner. Genetic activation of AMPK in the VMH prevented E2-induced increase in BAT-mediated thermogenesis and weight loss. Notably, fluctuations in E2 levels during estrous cycle also modulate this integrated physiological network. Together, these findings demonstrate that E2 regulation of the VMH AMPK-SNS-BAT axis is an important determinant of energy balance and suggest that dysregulation in this axis may account for the common changes in energy homeostasis and obesity linked to dysfunction of the female gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo B Martínez de Morentin
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Ismael González-García
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Luís Martins
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lage
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Diana Fernández-Mallo
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Noelia Martínez-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruíz-Pino
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004 Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands; Department of Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands; Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Donald A Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Leonor Pinilla
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004 Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Asish K Saha
- Diabetes Research Unit, EBRC-827, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands; Department of Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14004 Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain.
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Beltrán-Catalán E, Calvo-Río V, Blanco-Alonso R, Ortego Centeno N, García Serrano J, Martinez-Costa Pérez L, Fonollosa Calduch A, Hernandez Garfella M, Valls E, Francisco Hernández F, Reyes M, Torre I, Maíz O, Blanco A, Muñoz-Fernández S, Esteban M, Pato-Cour E, Diaz M, Gallego R, Cordero-Coma M, Ortiz F, Cañal J, González-Gay M. AB0571 High Dose Intravenous Methylprednisolone Induces RAPID Improvement in Severe Ocular Inflammation. Multicenter Study of 104 Cases. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gallego R, Arteaga J, Valencia C, Franco J. Rheology and thermal degradation of isocyanate-functionalized methyl cellulose-based oleogels. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:152-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gallego R, López-Quintana S, Basurto F, Núñez K, Villarreal N, Merino J. Synthesis of new compatibilizers to poly(lactic acid) blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gallego
- Department of Materials-Process-Product Foundation for Research and Development in Transport and Energy (CIDAUT); Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo; 47151, Boecillo Valladolid Spain
| | - S. López-Quintana
- Materials area Miranda de Ebro's Technology Center (CTME); 09200, Miranda de Ebro Burgos Spain
| | - F. Basurto
- Departament of Condensed Matter Physics; Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales; University of Valladolid; Paseo del Cauce, 59 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - K. Núñez
- Departament of Condensed Matter Physics; Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales; University of Valladolid; Paseo del Cauce, 59 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - N. Villarreal
- Department of Materials-Process-Product Foundation for Research and Development in Transport and Energy (CIDAUT); Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo; 47151, Boecillo Valladolid Spain
| | - J.C. Merino
- Department of Materials-Process-Product Foundation for Research and Development in Transport and Energy (CIDAUT); Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo; 47151, Boecillo Valladolid Spain
- Departament of Condensed Matter Physics; Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales; University of Valladolid; Paseo del Cauce, 59 47011 Valladolid Spain
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Imbernon M, Beiroa D, Vázquez MJ, Morgan DA, Veyrat–Durebex C, Porteiro B, Díaz–Arteaga A, Senra A, Busquets S, Velásquez DA, Al–Massadi O, Varela L, Gándara M, López–Soriano F, Gallego R, Seoane LM, Argiles JM, López M, Davis RJ, Sabio G, Rohner–Jeanrenaud F, Rahmouni K, Dieguez C, Nogueiras R. Central melanin-concentrating hormone influences liver and adipose metabolism via specific hypothalamic nuclei and efferent autonomic/JNK1 pathways. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:636-649.e6. [PMID: 23142626 PMCID: PMC3663042 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Specific neuronal circuits modulate autonomic outflow to liver and white adipose tissue. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-deficient mice are hypophagic, lean, and do not develop hepatosteatosis when fed a high-fat diet. Herein, we sought to investigate the role of MCH, an orexigenic neuropeptide specifically expressed in the lateral hypothalamic area, on hepatic and adipocyte metabolism. METHODS Chronic central administration of MCH and adenoviral vectors increasing MCH signaling were performed in rats and mice. Vagal denervation was performed to assess its effect on liver metabolism. The peripheral effects on lipid metabolism were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS We showed that the activation of MCH receptors promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through the parasympathetic nervous system, whereas it increases fat deposition in white adipose tissue via the suppression of sympathetic traffic. These metabolic actions are independent of parallel changes in food intake and energy expenditure. In the liver, MCH triggers lipid accumulation and lipid uptake, with c-Jun N-terminal kinase being an essential player, whereas in adipocytes MCH induces metabolic pathways that promote lipid storage and decreases lipid mobilization. Genetic activation of MCH receptors or infusion of MCH specifically in the lateral hypothalamic area modulated hepatic lipid metabolism, whereas the specific activation of this receptor in the arcuate nucleus affected adipocyte metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that central MCH directly controls hepatic and adipocyte metabolism through different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Imbernon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J. Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Donald A. Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Christelle Veyrat–Durebex
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoña Porteiro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adenis Díaz–Arteaga
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Busquets
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Douglas A. Velásquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Omar Al–Massadi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS/SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Varela
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marina Gándara
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | | | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | - Luisa M. Seoane
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS/SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Josep M. Argiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Françoise Rohner–Jeanrenaud
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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36
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Alén BO, Nieto L, Gurriarán-Rodríguez U, Mosteiro CS, Álvarez-Pérez JC, Otero-Alén M, Camiña JP, Gallego R, García-Caballero T, Martín-Pastor M, Casanueva FF, Jiménez-Barbero J, Pazos Y. The NMR structure of human obestatin in membrane-like environments: insights into the structure-bioactivity relationship of obestatin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45434. [PMID: 23056203 PMCID: PMC3464274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for therapeutic applications of obestatin involves, as a first step, the determination of its 3D solution structure and the relationship between this structure and the biological activity of obestatin. On this basis, we have employed a combination of circular dichroism (CD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and modeling techniques to determine the solution structure of human obestatin (1). Other analogues, including human non-amidated obestatin (2) and the fragment peptides (6–23)-obestatin (3), (11–23)-obestatin (4), and (16–23)-obestatin (5) have also been scrutinized. These studies have been performed in a micellar environment to mimic the cell membrane (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS). Furthermore, structural-activity relationship studies have been performed by assessing the in vitro proliferative capabilities of these peptides in the human retinal pigmented epithelial cell line ARPE-19 (ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, Ki67 expression, and cellular proliferation). Our findings emphasize the importance of both the primary structure (composition and size) and particular segments of the obestatin molecule that posses significant α-helical characteristics. Additionally, details of a species-specific role for obestatin have also been hypothesized by comparing human and mouse obestatins (1 and 6, respectively) at both the structural and bioactivity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña O. Alén
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lidia Nieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Uxía Gurriarán-Rodríguez
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos S. Mosteiro
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan C. Álvarez-Pérez
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Otero-Alén
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús P. Camiña
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Martín-Pastor
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidad de Resonancia Magnética, RIAIDT, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Pazos
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
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37
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Gurriarán-Rodríguez U, Santos-Zas I, Al-Massadi O, Mosteiro CS, Beiroa D, Nogueiras R, Crujeiras AB, Seoane LM, Señarís J, García-Caballero T, Gallego R, Casanueva FF, Pazos Y, Camiña JP. The obestatin/GPR39 system is up-regulated by muscle injury and functions as an autocrine regenerative system. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38379-89. [PMID: 22992743 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.374926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance and repair of skeletal muscle are attributable to an elaborate interaction between extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory signals that regulate the myogenic process. In the present work, we showed that obestatin, a 23-amino acid peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, and the GPR39 receptor are expressed in rat skeletal muscle and are up-regulated upon experimental injury. To define their roles in muscle regeneration, L6E9 cells were used to perform in vitro assays. For the in vivo assays, skeletal muscle tissue was obtained from male rats and maintained under continuous subcutaneous infusion of obestatin. In differentiating L6E9 cells, preproghrelin expression and correspondingly obestatin increased during myogenesis being sustained throughout terminal differentiation. Autocrine action was demonstrated by neutralization of the endogenous obestatin secreted by differentiating L6E9 cells using a specific anti-obestatin antibody. Knockdown experiments by preproghrelin siRNA confirmed the contribution of obestatin to the myogenic program. Furthermore, GPR39 siRNA reduced obestatin action and myogenic differentiation. Exogenous obestatin stimulation was also shown to regulate myoblast migration and proliferation. Furthermore, the addition of obestatin to the differentiation medium increased myogenic differentiation of L6E9 cells. The relevance of the actions of obestatin was confirmed in vivo by the up-regulation of Pax-7, MyoD, Myf5, Myf6, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) in obestatin-infused rats when compared with saline-infused rats. These data elucidate a novel mechanism whereby the obestatin/GPR39 system is coordinately regulated as part of the myogenic program and operates as an autocrine signal regulating skeletal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxía Gurriarán-Rodríguez
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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38
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Whittle A, Carobbio S, Martins L, Slawik M, Hondares E, Vázquez M, Morgan D, Csikasz R, Gallego R, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Dale M, Virtue S, Villarroya F, Cannon B, Rahmouni K, López M, Vidal-Puig A. BMP8B increases brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through both central and peripheral actions. Cell 2012; 149:871-85. [PMID: 22579288 PMCID: PMC3383997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is fundamental to energy balance and is also relevant for humans. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate adipogenesis, and, here, we describe a role for BMP8B in the direct regulation of thermogenesis. BMP8B is induced by nutritional and thermogenic factors in mature BAT, increasing the response to noradrenaline through enhanced p38MAPK/CREB signaling and increased lipase activity. Bmp8b(-/-) mice exhibit impaired thermogenesis and reduced metabolic rate, causing weight gain despite hypophagia. BMP8B is also expressed in the hypothalamus, and Bmp8b(-/-) mice display altered neuropeptide levels and reduced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), indicating an anorexigenic state. Central BMP8B treatment increased sympathetic activation of BAT, dependent on the status of AMPK in key hypothalamic nuclei. Our results indicate that BMP8B is a thermogenic protein that regulates energy balance in partnership with hypothalamic AMPK. BMP8B may offer a mechanism to specifically increase energy dissipation by BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Whittle
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Luís Martins
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Marc Slawik
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Elayne Hondares
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - María Jesús Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Donald Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert I. Csikasz
- The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Sergio Rodriguez-Cuenca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin Dale
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Barbara Cannon
- The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
- The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Devesa P, Gelabert M, Gonźlez-Mosquera T, Gallego R, Relova JL, Devesa J, Arce VM. Growth hormone treatment enhances the functional recovery of sciatic nerves after transection and repair. Muscle Nerve 2012; 45:385-92. [PMID: 22334173 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although nerves can spontaneously regenerate in the peripheral nervous system without treatment, functional recovery is generally poor, and thus there is a need for strategies to improve nerve regeneration. METHODS The left sciatic nerve of adult rats was transected and immediately repaired by epineurial sutures. Rats were then assigned to one of two experimental groups treated with either growth hormone (GH) or saline for 8 weeks. Sciatic nerve regeneration was estimated by histological evaluation, nerve conduction tests, and rotarod and treadmill performance. RESULTS GH-treated rats showed increased cellularity at the lesion site together with more abundant immunoreactive axons and Schwann cells. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude was also higher in these animals, and CMAP latency was significantly lower. Treadmill performance increased in rats receiving GH. CONCLUSION GH enhanced the functional recovery of the damaged nerves, thus supporting the use of GH treatment, alone or combined with other therapeutic approaches, in promoting nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Devesa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco 1, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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40
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Pera M, Gallego R, Montagut C, Martín-Richard M, Iglesias M, Conill C, Reig A, Balagué C, Pétriz L, Momblan D, Bellmunt J, Maurel J. Phase II trial of preoperative chemoradiotherapy with oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and 5-FU in locally advanced esophageal and gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:664-670. [PMID: 21652581 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on a phase I study showing the feasibility of combining of oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (OCF) with radiation therapy (RT) in esophageal cancer, the efficacy of this regimen in esophageal, gastroesophageal (GE), and gastric (G) cancer was assessed in this phase II multicenter study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with resectable tumors were eligible. Treatment included two cycles of oxaliplatin 85 mg/m(2), cisplatin 55 mg/m(2), and continuously infused 5-FU 3 g/m(2) in 96 h and concurrent RT (45 Gy), followed by surgery after 6-8 weeks. Primary end point was complete pathologic response (pCR). RESULTS Forty-one patients were enrolled. Tumor location was esophagus 39% (squamous 10/adenocarcinoma 6), GE junction 32%, and stomach 29%. G3-G4 adverse events included asthenia (27%) and neutropenia (14%). One toxic death occurred. Thirty-one patients (75.6%) underwent surgery (R0 in 94%). Pathologic response was achieved in 58% of patients, with pCR in 50% and 16% of esophageal and GE/G cancer, respectively. pCR was achieved in 67% of squamous cell carcinoma. Survival: median follow-up, 50.4 months; median progression-free survival and overall survival were 23.2 and 28.4 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Preoperative OCF plus RT showed an acceptable toxicity and promising activity especially in squamous cell esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pera
- Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Universitario del Mar and Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona.
| | - R Gallego
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona
| | - C Montagut
- Service of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario del Mar and Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona
| | | | | | - C Conill
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona
| | - A Reig
- Services of Radiotherapy, Hospital Universitario del Mar and Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona
| | | | - L Pétriz
- Services of Radiation Therapy, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona
| | - D Momblan
- Service of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Bellmunt
- Service of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario del Mar and Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar (IMIM), Barcelona
| | - J Maurel
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona
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Varela L, Martínez-Sánchez N, Gallego R, Vázquez MJ, Roa J, Gándara M, Schoenmakers E, Nogueiras R, Chatterjee K, Tena-Sempere M, Diéguez C, López M. Hypothalamic mTOR pathway mediates thyroid hormone-induced hyperphagia in hyperthyroidism. J Pathol 2012; 227:209-22. [PMID: 22294347 DOI: 10.1002/path.3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is characterized in rats by increased energy expenditure and marked hyperphagia. Alterations of thermogenesis linked to hyperthyroidism are associated with dysregulation of hypothalamic AMPK and fatty acid metabolism; however, the central mechanisms mediating hyperthyroidism-induced hyperphagia remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hyperthyroid rats exhibit marked up-regulation of the hypothalamic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway associated with increased mRNA levels of agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and decreased mRNA levels of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), an area where mTOR co-localizes with thyroid hormone receptor-α (TRα). Central administration of thyroid hormone (T3) or genetic activation of thyroid hormone signalling in the ARC recapitulated hyperthyroidism effects on feeding and the mTOR pathway. In turn, central inhibition of mTOR signalling with rapamycin in hyperthyroid rats reversed hyperphagia and normalized the expression of ARC-derived neuropeptides, resulting in substantial body weight loss. The data indicate that in the hyperthyroid state, increased feeding is associated with thyroid hormone-induced up-regulation of mTOR signalling. Furthermore, our findings that different neuronal modulations influence food intake and energy expenditure in hyperthyroidism pave the way for a more rational design of specific and selective therapeutic compounds aimed at reversing the metabolic consequences of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña) 15782, Spain
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Gurriarán-Rodríguez U, Al-Massadi O, Roca-Rivada A, Crujeiras AB, Gallego R, Pardo M, Seoane LM, Pazos Y, Casanueva FF, Camiña JP. Obestatin as a regulator of adipocyte metabolism and adipogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:1927-40. [PMID: 21029370 PMCID: PMC3918048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of obestatin, a 23-amino-acid peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, on the control of the metabolism of pre-adipocyte and adipocytes as well as on adipogenesis was determined. For in vitro assays, pre-adipocyte and adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells were used to assess the obestatin effect on cell metabolism and adipogenesis based on the regulation of the key enzymatic nodes, Akt and AMPK and their downstream targets. For in vivo assays, white adipose tissue (WAT) was obtained from male rats under continuous subcutaneous infusion of obestatin. Obestatin activated Akt and its downstream targets, GSK3α/β, mTOR and S6K1, in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Simultaneously, obestatin inactivated AMPK in this cell model. In keeping with this, ACC phosphorylation was also decreased. This fact was confirmed in vivo in white adipose tissue (omental, subcutaneous and gonadal) obtained from male rats under continuous sc infusion of obestatin (24 and 72 hrs). The relevance of obestatin as regulator of adipocyte metabolism was supported by AS160 phosphorylation, GLUT4 translocation and augment of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. In contrast, obestatin failed to modify translocation of fatty acid transporters, FATP1, FATP4 and FAT/CD36, to plasma membrane. Obestatin treatment in combination with IBMX and DEX showed to regulate the expression of C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ and PPARγ promoting adipogenesis. Remarkable, preproghrelin expression, and thus obestatin expression, increased during adipogenesis being sustained throughout terminal differentiation. Neutralization of endogenous obestatin secreted by 3T3-L1 cells by anti-obestatin antibody decreased adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, knockdown experiments by preproghrelin siRNA supported that obestatin contributes to adipogenesis. In summary, obestatin promotes adipogenesis in an autocrine/paracrine manner, being a regulator of adipocyte metabolism. These data point to a putative role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxía Gurriarán-Rodríguez
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Lodeiro M, Alén BO, Mosteiro CS, Beiroa D, Nogueiras R, Theodoropoulou M, Pardo M, Gallego R, Pazos Y, Casanueva FF, Camiña JP. The SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase negatively modulates Akt signaling in the ghrelin/GHSR1a system. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:4182-91. [PMID: 21900501 PMCID: PMC3204078 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-04-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase is a negative regulator of ghrelin activity, being a critical signaling component for proper regulation of Akt-dependent processes. Based on the SHP-1 expression pattern in white adipose tissue (WAT) and its regulation in a positive energy balance situation, it is possible to speculate about its role in the enlargement of WAT in obesity. The aim of the present study was to identify the signaling mechanism(s) responsible for the modulation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHSR1a)-associated Akt activity. Ghrelin leads to the activation of Akt through the interplay of distinct signaling mechanisms: an early Gi/o protein-dependent pathway and a late pathway mediated by β-arrestins. We found that the Src homology 2–containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1) was an essential molecule in both Gi/o protein–dependent and β-arrestin–mediated pathways. More specifically, the role of SHP-1 in the Gi/o protein–dependent pathway was demonstrated by the fact that the overexpression of a catalytically defective SHP-1 augments tyrosine phosphorylation of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, leading to an increase in the phosphorylation of cSrc and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1, and finally activating Akt. The presence of SHP-1 in the β-arrestin–scaffolded complex and its attenuating effect on the cSrc and Akt activities verified that SHP-1 regulates not only the Gi/o protein–dependent pathway but also the β-arrestin–mediated pathway. Assays performed in preadipocyte and adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells showed SHP-1 expression. According to our results in HEK-GHSR1a cells, ghrelin stimulated SHP-1 phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 cells. The increase in ghrelin-induced Akt activity was enhanced by small interfering RNA of SHP-1 in preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. These results were reproduced in white adipose tissue obtained from mice, in which SHP-1 exhibited higher expression in omental than in subcutaneous tissue. Furthermore, this pattern of expression was inverted in mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting a role for SHP-1 in controlling ghrelin sensitivity in adipose tissue. Indeed, SHP-1 deficiency was associated with augmented ghrelin-evoked Akt phosphorylation in omental tissue, as well as decreased phosphorylation under overexpression of SHP-1 in subcutaneous tissue. These findings showed a novel role for SHP-1 in the regulation of Akt activity through the modulation of the ghrelin/GHSR1a system signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lodeiro
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Gallego de Salud, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Tabernero J, Tabernero J, Elez M, Capdevila J, Macarulla T, Gallego R. 400 INVITED Strategies of Prolonged Multimodal Treatment on Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma (mCRC): Maintenance Treatment With Targeted Agents. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gurriarán-Rodríguez U, Al-Massadi O, Crujeiras AB, Mosteiro CS, Amil-Diz M, Beiroa D, Nogueiras R, Seoane LM, Gallego R, Pazos Y, Casanueva FF, Camiña JP. Preproghrelin expression is a key target for insulin action on adipogenesis. J Endocrinol 2011; 210:R1-7. [PMID: 21690170 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of preproghrelin-derived peptides in adipogenesis. Immunocytochemical analysis of 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells showed stronger preproghrelin expression compared with that observed in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. Insulin promoted this expression throughout adipogenesis identifying mTORC1 as a critical downstream substrate for this profile. The role of preproghrelin-derived peptides on the differentiation process was supported by preproghrelin knockdown experiments, which revealed its contribution to adipogenesis. Neutralization of endogenous O-acyl ghrelin (acylated ghrelin), unacylated ghrelin, and obestatin by specific antibodies supported their adipogenic potential. Furthermore, a parallel increase in the expression of ghrelin-associated enzymatic machinery, prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) and membrane-bound O-acyltransferase 4 (MBOAT4), was dependent on the expression of preproghrelin in the course of insulin-induced adipogenesis. The coexpression of preproghrelin system and their receptors, GHSR1a and GPR39, during adipogenesis supports an autocrine/paracrine role for these peptides. Preproghrelin, PC1/3, and MBOAT4 exhibited dissimilar expression depending on the white fat depot, revealing their regulation in a positive energy balance situation in mice. The results underscore a key role for preproghrelin-derived peptides on adipogenesis through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxía Gurriarán-Rodríguez
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Devesa P, Reimunde P, Gallego R, Devesa J, Arce VM. Growth hormone (GH) treatment may cooperate with locally-produced GH in increasing the proliferative response of hippocampal progenitors to kainate-induced injury. Brain Inj 2011; 25:503-10. [PMID: 21456999 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2011.559611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effect of growth hormone treatment on the proliferation of endogenous neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the brain stimulated by kainic acid (KA)-induced neurotoxicity. RESEARCH DESIGN Neurotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of KA. GH treatment lasted 4 days, starting either immediately or after 10 days of administration of the neurotoxic insult. METHODS AND PROCEDURE Proliferating cells were immunodetected after labelling by in vivo administration of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). GH expression was detected by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS KA administration stimulated the proliferation of hippocampal precursors and this effect was significantly enhanced by GH treatment. Hippocampal GH expression was also up-regulated in response to KA administration. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the possibility that the proliferative response observed in the hippocampus of rats treated with KA and GH is a consequence of cooperation between the exogenous and the locally-produced hormone and their synergism with other mitogenic factors generated in response to the neurotoxic damage. Therefore, GH treatment could be used to cooperate with other physiological or pathological stimuli in order to promote cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Devesa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Argiles G, Castillo O, Navalpotro B, Espin E, Moreno-Fernandez D, Macarulla T, Fernandez MEE, Alsina M, Gallego R, Sánchez-Ollé G, Giralt J, Tabernero J, Capdevila J. Perioperative treatment for locally advanced rectal carcinoma (LARC) in elderly patients: Evaluation of compliance, tolerability, and outcome in a Spanish referral institution. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e19650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Carrera G, Garcia-Albeniz X, Alonso-Espinaco V, Pericay C, Alonso V, Escudero MP, Fernandez-Martos C, Gallego R, Castellvi-Bel S, Maurel J. MMP-7 serum levels as predictor or prognostic of cetuximab benefit in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: Results from a HCB-05 prospective trial. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.10639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cobo M, Ferrer N, Paredes A, Mendez M, Muñoz-Langa J, Rueda A, Alvarez De Mon M, Sanchez-Hernandez A, Gallego R, Torrego J. Phase II study of bevacizumab in combination with cisplatin and docetaxel as first-line treatment of patients (p) with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Final report. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e18009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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