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Velasco I, Franssen D, Daza-Dueñas S, Skrapits K, Takács S, Torres E, Rodríguez-Vazquez E, Ruiz-Cruz M, León S, Kukoricza K, Zhang FP, Ruohonen S, Luque-Cordoba D, Priego-Capote F, Gaytan F, Ruiz-Pino F, Hrabovszky E, Poutanen M, Vázquez MJ, Tena-Sempere M. Dissecting the KNDy hypothesis: KNDy neuron-derived kisspeptins are dispensable for puberty but essential for preserved female fertility and gonadotropin pulsatility. Metabolism 2023; 144:155556. [PMID: 37121307 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kiss1 neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate-nucleus (ARC) play key roles in the control of GnRH pulsatility and fertility. A fraction of ARC Kiss1 neurons, termed KNDy, co-express neurokinin B (NKB; encoded by Tac2). Yet, NKB- and Kiss1-only neurons are also found in the ARC, while a second major Kiss1-neuronal population is present in the rostral hypothalamus. The specific contribution of different Kiss1 neuron sub-sets and kisspeptins originating from them to the control of reproduction and eventually other bodily functions remains to be fully determined. METHODS To tease apart the physiological roles of KNDy-born kisspeptins, conditional ablation of Kiss1 in Tac2-expressing cells was implemented in vivo. To this end, mice with Tac2 cell-specific Kiss1 KO (TaKKO) were generated and subjected to extensive reproductive and metabolic characterization. RESULTS TaKKO mice displayed reduced ARC kisspeptin content and Kiss1 expression, with greater suppression in females, which was detectable at infantile-pubertal age. In contrast, Tac2/NKB levels were fully preserved. Despite the drop of ARC Kiss1/kisspeptin, pubertal timing was normal in TaKKO mice of both sexes. However, young-adult TaKKO females displayed disturbed LH pulsatility and sex steroid levels, with suppressed basal LH and pre-ovulatory LH surges, early-onset subfertility and premature ovarian insufficiency. Conversely, testicular histology and fertility were grossly conserved in TaKKO males. Ablation of Kiss1 in Tac2-cells led also to sex-dependent alterations in body composition, glucose homeostasis, especially in males, and locomotor activity, specifically in females. CONCLUSIONS Our data document that KNDy-born kisspeptins are dispensable/compensable for puberty in both sexes, but required for maintenance of female gonadotropin pulsatility and fertility, as well as for adult metabolic homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) co-expressing kisspeptins and NKB, named KNDy, have been recently suggested to play a key role in pulsatile secretion of gonadotropins, and hence reproduction. However, the relative contribution of this Kiss1 neuronal-subset, vs. ARC Kiss1-only and NKB-only neurons, as well as other Kiss1 neuronal populations, has not been assessed in physiological settings. We report here findings in a novel mouse-model with elimination of KNDy-born kisspeptins, without altering other kisspeptin compartments. Our data highlights the heterogeneity of ARC Kiss1 populations and document that, while dispensable/compensable for puberty, KNDy-born kisspeptins are required for proper gonadotropin pulsatility and fertility, specifically in females, and adult metabolic homeostasis. Characterization of this functional diversity is especially relevant, considering the potential of kisspeptin-based therapies for management of human reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Velasco
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; GIGA-Neurosciences Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Silvia Daza-Dueñas
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Katalin Skrapits
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Takács
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Encarnación Torres
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elvira Rodríguez-Vazquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Cruz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Silvia León
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Krisztina Kukoricza
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Fu-Ping Zhang
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Ruohonen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Diego Luque-Cordoba
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Feliciano Priego-Capote
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Francisco Gaytan
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - María J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain; Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain.
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Franssen D, Barroso A, Ruiz-Pino F, Vázquez MJ, García-Galiano D, Castellano JM, Onieva R, Ruiz-Cruz M, Poutanen M, Gaytán F, Diéguez C, Pinilla L, Lopez M, Roa J, Tena-Sempere M. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in GnRH neurons links energy status and reproduction. Metabolism 2021; 115:154460. [PMID: 33285180 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproduction is tightly coupled to body energy and metabolic status. GnRH neurons, master elements and final output pathway for the brain control of reproduction, directly or indirectly receive and integrate multiple metabolic cues to regulate reproductive function. Yet, the molecular underpinnings of such phenomenon remain largely unfolded. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the fundamental cellular sensor that becomes activated in conditions of energy deficit, has been recently shown to participate in the control of Kiss1 neurons, essential gatekeepers of the reproductive axis, by driving an inhibitory valence in situations of energy scarcity at puberty. However, the contribution of AMPK signaling specifically in GnRH neurons to the metabolic control of reproduction remains unknown. METHODS Double immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to evaluate expression of active (phosphorylated) AMPK in GnRH neurons and a novel mouse line, named GAMKO, with conditional ablation of the AMPK α1 subunit in GnRH neurons, was generated. GAMKO mice of both sexes were subjected to reproductive characterization, with attention to puberty and gonadotropic responses to kisspeptin and metabolic stress. RESULTS A vast majority (>95%) of GnRH neurons co-expressed pAMPK. Female (but not male) GAMKO mice displayed earlier puberty onset and exaggerated LH (as surrogate marker of GnRH) responses to kisspeptin-10 at the prepubertal age. In adulthood, GAMKO females retained increased LH responsiveness to kisspeptin and showed partial resilience to the inhibitory effects of conditions of negative energy balance on the gonadotropic axis. The modulatory role of AMPK in GnRH neurons required preserved ovarian function, since the differences in LH pulsatility detected between GAMKO and control mice subjected to fasting were abolished in ovariectomized animals. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data document a sex-biased, physiological role of AMPK signaling in GnRH neurons, as molecular conduit of the inhibitory actions of conditions of energy deficit on the female reproductive axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Franssen
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - A Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - D García-Galiano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - J M Castellano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Onieva
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Cruz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - F Gaytán
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Pinilla
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Lopez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Departament of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Seijo D, Vázquez MJ, Gallego R, Gancedo Y, Novo M. Adolescent-to-Parent Violence: Psychological and Family Adjustment. Front Psychol 2020; 11:573728. [PMID: 33324287 PMCID: PMC7723838 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.573728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent-to-Parent Violence (APV) or Child-to-Parent Violence (CPV) is a specific form of violence that has remained inconspicuous until recently, but is becoming a mounting social issue and is increasingly the focus of scientific research. Of the variables related to APV, the study assessed the characteristics of the family system and its relationship to the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents, an aspect scarcely examined in the literature. Thus, a field study was performed on a community sample of 210 adolescents aged 12–17 years (51.4% girls) who were assessed on measurements of APV, parenting (parental socialization), victimization, and psychological adjustment (personal, family, and school). The results revealed higher rates of psychological APV, and no gender effects in violence exercised against either parent. The adolescents involved in APV exhibited a greater psychological maladjustment in the different areas under analysis. Moreover, adolescents engaging in psychological APV reported a parental socialization style characterized by severe strictness and supervision in comparison to non-aggressors not implicated in psychological APV. Finally, adolescents exercising APV who were victimized by their parents showed more psychological, personal, and school maladjustment. These results have implications for needs analysis and the planning of community prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Seijo
- Psicología Organizacional, Jurídica Forense y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J Vázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y del Trabajo Social, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Raquel Gallego
- Unidad de Psicología Forense, Facultad de Psicología, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yurena Gancedo
- Psicología Organizacional, Jurídica Forense y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercedes Novo
- Psicología Organizacional, Jurídica Forense y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Novo M, Fariña F, Seijo D, Vázquez MJ, Arce R. Assessing the effects of an education program on mental health problems in separated parents. Psicothema 2020; 31:284-291. [PMID: 31292043 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2018.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental separation is a stressful experience that can lead to parents suffering mental health problems (MHPs). Parental separation education programs for coping with post-separation adjustment have proven to be effective in reducing conflict and improving co-parenting. However, the effects of these programs on MHPs have not been assessed. A field study was carried out to assess the impact of a parental separation education program on parental MHPs. METHOD A total of 116 separated parents who completed the program "Parental separation, not family breakdown" completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Separated parents had significantly higher pre-intervention scores on the nine symptom dimensions and the global indexes of distress in comparison to the normative population. The intervention yielded a significant improvement (i.e., reduction of clinical symptoms) in all MHPs, ranging from 19% in phobic anxiety to 36% in depression and general anxiety; and in the global indexes of distress (36% in the global severity index; 28% in the positive symptom distress index; and 33% in the positive symptom total). Approximately 45% of parents significantly improved through the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The implications of the outcomes of the separation and intervention in parents' MHPs and children wellbeing are discussed.
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Velasco I, León S, Barroso A, Ruiz-Pino F, Heras V, Torres E, León M, Ruohonen ST, García-Galiano D, Romero-Ruiz A, Sánchez-Garrido MA, Ohlsson C, Castellano JM, Roa J, Poutanen M, Pinilla L, Vázquez MJ, Tena-Sempere M. Gonadal hormone-dependent vs. -independent effects of kisspeptin signaling in the control of body weight and metabolic homeostasis. Metabolism 2019; 98:84-94. [PMID: 31226351 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptins, encoded by Kiss1, have emerged as essential regulators of puberty and reproduction by primarily acting on GnRH neurons, via their canonical receptor, Gpr54. Mounting, as yet fragmentary, evidence strongly suggests that kisspeptin signaling may also participate in the control of key aspects of body energy and metabolic homeostasis. However, characterization of such metabolic dimension of kisspeptins remains uncomplete, without an unambiguous discrimination between the primary metabolic actions of kisspeptins vs. those derived from their ability to stimulate the secretion of gonadal hormones, which have distinct metabolic actions on their own. In this work, we aimed to tease apart primary vs. secondary effects of kisspeptins in the control of key aspects of metabolic homeostasis using genetic models of impaired kisspeptin signaling and/or gonadal hormone status. METHODS Body weight (BW) gain and composition, food intake and key metabolic parameters, including glucose tolerance, were comparatively analyzed, in lean and obesogenic conditions, in mice lacking kisspeptin signaling due to global inactivation of Gpr54 (displaying profound hypogonadism; Gpr54-/-) vs. Gpr54 null mice with selective re-introduction of Gpr54 expression only in GnRH cells (Gpr54-/-Tg), where kisspeptin signaling elsewhere than in GnRH neurons is ablated but gonadal function is preserved. RESULTS In male mice, global elimination of kisspeptin signaling resulted in decreased BW, feeding suppression and increased adiposity, without overt changes in glucose tolerance, whereas Gpr54-/- female mice displayed enhanced BW gain at adulthood, increased adiposity and perturbed glucose tolerance, despite reduced food intake. Gpr54-/-Tg rescued mice showed altered postnatal BW gain in males and mildly perturbed glucose tolerance in females, with intermediate phenotypes between control and global KO animals. Yet, body composition and leptin levels were similar to controls in gonadal-rescued mice. Exposure to obesogenic insults, such as high fat diet (HFD), resulted in exaggerated BW gain and adiposity in global Gpr54-/- mice of both sexes, and worsening of glucose tolerance, especially in females. Yet, while rescued Gpr54-/-Tg males displayed intermediate BW gain and feeding profiles and impaired glucose tolerance, rescued Gpr54-/-Tg females behaved as controls, except for a modest deterioration of glucose tolerance after ovariectomy. CONCLUSION Our data support a global role of kisspeptin signaling in the control of body weight and metabolic homeostasis, with a dominant contribution of gonadal hormone-dependent actions. However, our results document also discernible primary effects of kisspeptin signaling in the regulation of body weight gain, feeding and responses to obesogenic insults, which occur in a sexually-dimorphic manner. SUMMARY OF TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Kisspeptins, master regulators of reproduction, may also participate in the control of key aspects of body energy and metabolic homeostasis; yet, the nature of such metabolic actions remains debatable, due in part to the fact that kisspeptins modulate gonadal hormones, which have metabolic actions on their own. By comparing the metabolic profiles of two mouse models with genetic inactivation of kisspeptin signaling but different gonadal status (hypogonadal vs. preserved gonadal function), we provide herein a systematic dissection of gonadal-dependent vs. -independent metabolic actions of kisspeptins. Our data support a global role of kisspeptin signaling in the control of body weight and metabolic homeostasis, with a dominant contribution of gonadal hormone-dependent actions. However, our results document also discernible primary effects of kisspeptin signaling in the regulation of body weight gain, feeding and responses to obesogenic insults, which occur in a sexually-dimorphic manner. These data pave the way for future analyses addressing the eventual contribution of altered kisspeptin signaling in the development of metabolic alterations, especially in conditions linked to reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Velasco
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia León
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Alexia Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Encarnación Torres
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María León
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Suvi T Ruohonen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - David García-Galiano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sánchez-Garrido
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juan M Castellano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leonor Pinilla
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigation Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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6
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Novelle MG, Vázquez MJ, Peinado JR, Martinello KD, López M, Luckman SM, Tena-Sempere M, Malagón MM, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C. Sequential Exposure to Obesogenic Factors in Females Rats: From Physiological Changes to Lipid Metabolism in Liver and Mesenteric Adipose Tissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46194. [PMID: 28387334 PMCID: PMC5384043 DOI: 10.1038/srep46194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During their lifetime, females are subjected to different nutritional and hormonal factors that could increase the risk of obesity and associated comorbidities. From early postnatal periods until the postmenopausal phase, exposure to over nutrition, high-energy diet and oestrogen deficiency, are considered as significant obesity risk factors in women. In this study, we assessed how key transitional life events and exposure to different nutrition influence energy homeostasis in a rat model. Specifically, we assessed the sequential exposure to postnatal over nutrition, high-fat diet (HFD) after weaning, followed later by ovariectomy (OVX; as a model of menopause). Each obesity risk factor increased significantly body weight (BW) and adiposity, with additive effects after sequential exposure. Increased energy intake in both HFD and/or OVX groups, and decreased locomotor activity and energy expenditure after OVX can explain these metabolic changes. Our study also documents decreased lipogenic pathway in mesenteric adipose tissue after HFD and/or OVX, independent of previous postnatal programming, yet only HFD evoked this effect in liver. In addition, we report an increase in the expression of the hepatic PEPCK depending on previous metabolic status. Overall, our results identify the impact of different risk factors, which will help in understanding the development of obesity in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Novelle
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, UK
| | - María J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan R Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Kátia D Martinello
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Simon M Luckman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, UK
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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7
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Sánchez-Garrido MA, Ruiz-Pino F, Manfredi-Lozano M, Leon S, Heras V, Castellano JM, Castaño JP, Luque RM, Vázquez MJ, Roa J, Romero-Ruiz A, Diéguez C, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M. Metabolic and Gonadotropic Impact of Sequential Obesogenic Insults in the Female: Influence of the Loss of Ovarian Secretion. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2984-98. [PMID: 25984764 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive impact of persistent energy excess in the female remains incompletely defined, yet the escalating prevalence of obesity calls for better understanding of this phenomenon. Also along this line, the influence of ovarian hormones on the pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities merits further investigation. We study here the metabolic and gonadotropic impact of sequential obesogenic insults, namely postnatal overnutrition [by rearing in small litters (SL)] and high-fat diet (HFD) after weaning, in gonadal-intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. In young (4 mo) females, SL or HFD similarly increased body weight, yet only a HFD evoked additional metabolic perturbations, some of which were worsened by precedent SL. In addition, HFD concomitantly decreased LH and estradiol levels and, when combined with SL, suppressed Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in 4-month females, whereas HFD up to 10-month also reduced LH responses to kisspeptin-10. OVX caused rapid deterioration of the metabolic profile, with overweight, increased energy intake, and deregulation of leptin and glucose/insulin levels, effects whose magnitude was similar to, if not higher than, HFD. Summation of previous obesogenic insults maximally increased body weight, basal leptin, insulin and glucose levels, and glucose intolerance. Yet OVX obliterated the inhibitory effects of overweight/HFD on gonadotropin levels and arcuate nucleus Kiss1 expression. Our study documents the deleterious consequences of sequential obesogenic insults on the female gonadotropin axis, which involve central impairment of the Kiss1 system. In addition, our work delineates the dramatic impact of the loss of ovarian secretions, as the menopausal model, on the metabolic profile of female rats, especially when combined with preceding obesogenic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sánchez-Garrido
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Manfredi-Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Leon
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan M Castellano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leonor Pinilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology (M.A.S.-G., F.R.-P., M.M.-L., S.L., V.H., J.M.C., J.P.C., R.M.L., M.J.V., J.R., A.R.-R., L.P., M.T.-S.), University of Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8
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Lallana E, Mañes M, Rubio B, Vázquez MJ, García JL, Segura M. PS-065 Analysis of medicines errors made in a general hospital. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000639.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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9
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León S, García-Galiano D, Ruiz-Pino F, Barroso A, Manfredi-Lozano M, Romero-Ruiz A, Roa J, Vázquez MJ, Gaytan F, Blomenrohr M, van Duin M, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M. Physiological roles of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone signaling in the control of mammalian reproductive axis: studies in the NPFF1 receptor null mouse. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2953-65. [PMID: 24823392 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RF-amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the mammalian ortholog of the avian gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH), operates via the NPFF1 receptor (NPFF1R) to repress the reproductive axis, therefore acting as counterpart of the excitatory RF-amide peptide, kisspeptin (ligand of Gpr54). In addition, RFRP-3 modulates feeding and might contribute to the integrative control of energy homeostasis and reproduction. Yet, the experimental evidence supporting these putative functions is mostly indirect, and the physiological roles of RFRP-3 remain debatable and obscured by the lack of proper analytical tools and models. To circumvent these limitations, we characterize herein the first mouse line with constitutive inactivation of NPFF1R. Ablation of NPFF1R did not compromise fertility; rather, litters from NPFF1R null mice were larger than those from wild-type animals. Pubertal timing was not altered in NPFF1R deficient mice; yet, pre-pubertal knockout (KO) males displayed elevated LH levels, which normalized after puberty. Adult NPFF1R null male mice showed increased Kiss1 expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, higher serum FSH levels, and enhanced LH responses to GnRH. However, genetic elimination of NPFF1R was unable to reverse the state of hypogonadism caused by the lack of kisspeptin signaling, as revealed by double NPFF1R/Gpr54 KO mice. NPFF1R null mice displayed altered feedback responses to gonadal hormone withdrawal. In addition, metabolic challenges causing gonadotropin suppression, such as short-term fasting and high-fat diet, were less effective in dampening LH secretion in NPFF1R-deficient male mice, suggesting that absence of this inhibitory pathway partially prevented gonadotropin suppression by metabolic stress. Our data are the first to document the impact of elimination of GnIH signaling on reproductive parameters and their modulation by metabolic challenges. Whereas, in keeping with its inhibitory role, the NPFF1R pathway seems dispensable for preserved puberty and fertility, our results surface different alterations due to the lack of GnIH signaling that prominently include changes in the sensitivity to fasting- and obesity-associated hypogonadotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia León
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; and Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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10
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Garcés MF, Poveda NE, Sanchez E, Sánchez ÁY, Bravo SB, Vázquez MJ, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, Caminos JE. Regulation of NucB2/Nesfatin-1 throughout rat pregnancy. Physiol Behav 2014; 133:216-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Novelle MG, Vázquez MJ, Martinello KD, Sanchez-Garrido MA, Tena-Sempere M, Diéguez C. Neonatal events, such as androgenization and postnatal overfeeding, modify the response to ghrelin. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4855. [PMID: 24798184 PMCID: PMC4010967 DOI: 10.1038/srep04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently accepted that ambient, non-genetic factors influence perinatal development and evoke structural and functional changes that may persist throughout life. Overfeeding and androgenization after birth are two of these key factors that could result in “metabolic imprinting” of neuronal circuits early in life and, thereby, increase the body weight homeostatic “set point”, stimulate appetite, and result in obesity. Our aim was to determine the influence of these obesogenic factors on the response to ghrelin. We observed the expected orexigenic effect of ghrelin regardless of the nutritional or hormonal manipulations to which the animals were subjected to at early postnatal development and this effect remained intact at later stages of development. In fact, ghrelin responses increased significantly when the animals were subjected to one of the two manipulations, but not when both were combined. An increased response to ghrelin could explain the obese phenotype displayed by individuals with modified perinatal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Novelle
- 1] Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain [2] CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J Vázquez
- 1] Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain [2] CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kátia D Martinello
- 1] Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain [2] CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sanchez-Garrido
- 1] CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain [2] Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Córdoba - Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- 1] CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain [2] Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Córdoba - Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- 1] Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain [2] CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Imbernon M, Beiroa D, Vázquez MJ, Morgan DA, Veyrat–Durebex C, Porteiro B, Díaz–Arteaga A, Senra A, Busquets S, Velásquez DA, Al–Massadi O, Varela L, Gándara M, López–Soriano F, Gallego R, Seoane LM, Argiles JM, López M, Davis RJ, Sabio G, Rohner–Jeanrenaud F, Rahmouni K, Dieguez C, Nogueiras R. Central melanin-concentrating hormone influences liver and adipose metabolism via specific hypothalamic nuclei and efferent autonomic/JNK1 pathways. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:636-649.e6. [PMID: 23142626 PMCID: PMC3663042 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Specific neuronal circuits modulate autonomic outflow to liver and white adipose tissue. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-deficient mice are hypophagic, lean, and do not develop hepatosteatosis when fed a high-fat diet. Herein, we sought to investigate the role of MCH, an orexigenic neuropeptide specifically expressed in the lateral hypothalamic area, on hepatic and adipocyte metabolism. METHODS Chronic central administration of MCH and adenoviral vectors increasing MCH signaling were performed in rats and mice. Vagal denervation was performed to assess its effect on liver metabolism. The peripheral effects on lipid metabolism were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS We showed that the activation of MCH receptors promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through the parasympathetic nervous system, whereas it increases fat deposition in white adipose tissue via the suppression of sympathetic traffic. These metabolic actions are independent of parallel changes in food intake and energy expenditure. In the liver, MCH triggers lipid accumulation and lipid uptake, with c-Jun N-terminal kinase being an essential player, whereas in adipocytes MCH induces metabolic pathways that promote lipid storage and decreases lipid mobilization. Genetic activation of MCH receptors or infusion of MCH specifically in the lateral hypothalamic area modulated hepatic lipid metabolism, whereas the specific activation of this receptor in the arcuate nucleus affected adipocyte metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that central MCH directly controls hepatic and adipocyte metabolism through different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Imbernon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J. Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Donald A. Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Christelle Veyrat–Durebex
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoña Porteiro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adenis Díaz–Arteaga
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Busquets
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Douglas A. Velásquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Omar Al–Massadi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS/SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Varela
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marina Gándara
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | | | - Rosalía Gallego
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | - Luisa M. Seoane
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS/SERGAS) Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Josep M. Argiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Françoise Rohner–Jeanrenaud
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Pulido MR, Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Almabouada F, Díaz-Ruiz A, Burrell MA, Vázquez MJ, Castaño JP, Kineman RD, Luque RM, Diéguez C, Vázquez-Martínez R, Malagón MM. Nutritional, hormonal, and depot-dependent regulation of the expression of the small GTPase Rab18 in rodent adipose tissue. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 50:19-29. [PMID: 23093555 DOI: 10.1530/jme-12-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that proteins associated with lipid droplets (LDs) play a key role in the coordination of lipid storage and mobilization in adipocytes. The small GTPase, RAB18, has been recently identified as a novel component of the protein coat of LDs and proposed to play a role in both β-adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis and insulin-induced lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In order to better understand the role of Rab18 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipocytes, we evaluated the effects of age, fat location, metabolic status, and hormonal milieu on Rab18 expression in rodent white adipose tissue (WAT). Rab18 mRNA was undetectable at postnatal day 15 (P15), but reached adult levels by P45, in both male and female rats. In adult rats, Rab18 immunolocalized around LDs, as well as within the cytoplasm of mature adipocytes. A weak Rab18 signal was also detected in the stromal-vascular fraction of WAT. In mice, fasting significantly increased, though with a distinct time-course pattern, Rab18 mRNA and protein levels in visceral and subcutaneous WAT. The expression of Rab18 was also increased in visceral and subcutaneous WAT of obese mice (diet-induced, ob/ob, and New Zealand obese mice) compared with lean controls. Rab18 expression in rats was unaltered by castration, adrenalectomy, or GH deficiency but was increased by hypophysectomy, as well as hypothyroidism. When viewed together, our results suggest the participation of Rab18 in the regulation of lipid processing in adipose tissue under both normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Pulido
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, University of Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Edificio Severo-Ochoa, Pl. 3, Campus Univ. de Rabanales, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Zambrano S, Blanca AJ, Ruiz-Armenta MV, Miguel-Carrasco JL, Arévalo M, Vázquez MJ, Mate A, Vázquez CM. L-Carnitine protects against arterial hypertension-related cardiac fibrosis through modulation of PPAR-γ expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:937-44. [PMID: 23295156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathogenic factor in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix protein that leads to cardiac dysfunction. l-Carnitine (LC) plays an essential role in the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in lipid metabolism. We have previously demonstrated the beneficial effects of LC in hypertensive rats. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of LC on arterial hypertension-associated cardiac fibrosis and to explore the mechanisms of LC action. To this end, four groups of rats were used: Wistar (control), rats treated with 400mg/kg/day of LC, rats treated with 25mg/kg/day of l-NAME (to induce hypertension), and rats treated with LC+l-NAME simultaneously. We found an elevation in the myocardial expression of profibrotic factors (TGF-β1 and CTGF), types I and III of collagen, and NADPH oxidase subunits (NOX2 and NOX4), in hypertensive rats when compared with normotensive ones. In addition, an increase in myocardial fibrosis was also found in the l-NAME group. These results were accompanied by a down-regulation of PPAR-γ in the heart of hypertensive animals. When hypertensive rats were treated with LC, all these alterations were reversed. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between myocardial interstitial fibrosis and mRNA expression of PPAR-γ. In conclusion, the reduction of cardiac fibrosis and the down-regulation of NOX2, NOX4, TGF-β1 and CTGF induced by LC might be, at least in part, mediated by an upregulation of PPAR-γ, which leads to a reduction on hypertension-related cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Zambrano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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15
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Neukam K, García-Rey S, Cifuentes C, Macías J, Mira JA, Vázquez MJ, Parra-Sánchez M, Palomares JC, Merchante N, Di Lello FA, Pineda JA. HIV-coinfection leads to a modest increase in plasma HCV-RNA load in patients with chronic HCV infection. Antiviral Res 2012; 95:212-5. [PMID: 22750672 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The influence of HIV coinfection on plasma hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA load has not been reliably evaluated. We analyzed plasma HCV RNA load in 396 HCV-monoinfected and 467 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Median HCV RNA concentrations (interquartile range) in HCV-monoinfected patients were 5.88 (5.3-6.2) log(10)IU/mL versus 5.96 (5.6-6.5) log(10)IU/mL in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals (p=0.033) as determined with the Cobas Amplicor Test and 6.06 (5.4-5.7) log(10)IU/mL versus 6.3 (5.5-6.9) log(10)IU/mL (p=0.026) using the Cobas TaqMan System. The plasma HCV RNA load in patients with HIV infection and undetectable plasmatic HIV RNA was similar to that observed in HCV-monoinfected individuals [6.02 (5.45-6.61) log(10)IU/mL versus 6.01 (5.36-6.59) log(10)IU/mL, respectively (p=1.0)]. In conclusion, HIV coinfection tends to be associated with higher plasma HCV RNA load, however, the magnitude of the differences is small and this effect can be counterbalanced with antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Neukam
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Avenida de Bellavista S/N, 41014 Seville, Spain
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16
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Torres MD, Moreira R, Chenlo F, Vázquez MJ. Water adsorption isotherms of carboxymethyl cellulose, guar, locust bean, tragacanth and xanthan gums. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:592-8. [PMID: 24750763 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Water adsorption isotherms of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar gum (GG), locust bean gum (LBG), tragacanth gum (TG) and xanthan gum (XG) were determined at different temperatures (20, 35, 50, and 65°C) using a gravimetric method. Several saturated salt solutions were selected to obtain different water activities in the range from 0.09 to 0.91. Water adsorption isotherms of tested hydrocolloids were classified like type II isotherms. In all cases, equilibrium moisture content decreased with increasing temperature at each water activity value. Three-parameter Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model was employed to fit the experimental data in the water activity range and statistical analysis indicated that this model gave satisfactory results. CMC and GG were the most and the least hygroscopic gums, respectively. Sorption heats decreased with increasing moisture content. Monolayer moisture content evaluated with GAB model was consistent with equilibrium conditions of maximum stability calculated from thermodynamic analysis of net integral entropy. Values of equilibrium relative humidity at 20°C are proposed to storage adequately the tested gums.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Torres
- Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Moreira
- Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Chenlo
- Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J Vázquez
- Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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17
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Díaz-Arteaga A, Vázquez MJ, Vazquez-Martínez R, Pulido MR, Suarez J, Velásquez DA, López M, Ross RA, de Fonseca FR, Bermudez-Silva FJ, Malagón MM, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R. The atypical cannabinoid O-1602 stimulates food intake and adiposity in rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:234-43. [PMID: 21981246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cannabinoids are known to control energy homeostasis. Atypical cannabinoids produce pharmacological effects via unidentified targets. We sought to investigate whether the atypical cannabinoid O-1602 controls food intake and body weight. METHODS The rats were injected acutely or subchronically with O-1602, and the expression of several factors involved in adipocyte metabolism was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In vivo findings were corroborated with in vitro studies incubating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with O-1602, and measuring intracellular calcium and lipid accumulation. Finally, as some reports suggest that O-1602 is an agonist of the putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55, we tested it in mice lacking GPR55. RESULTS Central and peripheral administration of O-1602 acutely stimulates food intake, and chronically increases adiposity. The hyperphagic action of O-1602 is mediated by the downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of the anorexigenic neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript. The effects on fat mass are independent of food intake, and involve a decrease in the expression of lipolytic enzymes such as hormone sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase in white adipose tissue. Consistently, in vitro data showed that O-1602 increased the levels of intracellular calcium and lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Finally, we injected O-1602 in GPR55 -/- mice and found that O-1602 was able to induce feeding behaviour in GPR55-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that O-1602 modulates food intake and adiposity independently of GPR55 receptor. Thus atypical cannabinoids may represent a novel class of molecules involved in energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Díaz-Arteaga
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, S Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
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18
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Varela L, Martínez-Sánchez N, Gallego R, Vázquez MJ, Roa J, Gándara M, Schoenmakers E, Nogueiras R, Chatterjee K, Tena-Sempere M, Diéguez C, López M. Hypothalamic mTOR pathway mediates thyroid hormone-induced hyperphagia in hyperthyroidism. J Pathol 2012; 227:209-22. [PMID: 22294347 DOI: 10.1002/path.3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is characterized in rats by increased energy expenditure and marked hyperphagia. Alterations of thermogenesis linked to hyperthyroidism are associated with dysregulation of hypothalamic AMPK and fatty acid metabolism; however, the central mechanisms mediating hyperthyroidism-induced hyperphagia remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hyperthyroid rats exhibit marked up-regulation of the hypothalamic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway associated with increased mRNA levels of agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and decreased mRNA levels of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), an area where mTOR co-localizes with thyroid hormone receptor-α (TRα). Central administration of thyroid hormone (T3) or genetic activation of thyroid hormone signalling in the ARC recapitulated hyperthyroidism effects on feeding and the mTOR pathway. In turn, central inhibition of mTOR signalling with rapamycin in hyperthyroid rats reversed hyperphagia and normalized the expression of ARC-derived neuropeptides, resulting in substantial body weight loss. The data indicate that in the hyperthyroid state, increased feeding is associated with thyroid hormone-induced up-regulation of mTOR signalling. Furthermore, our findings that different neuronal modulations influence food intake and energy expenditure in hyperthyroidism pave the way for a more rational design of specific and selective therapeutic compounds aimed at reversing the metabolic consequences of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña) 15782, Spain
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19
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González CR, Novelle MG, Caminos JE, Vázquez MJ, Luque RM, López M, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C. Regulation of lipin1 by nutritional status, adiponectin, sex and pituitary function in rat white adipose tissue. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:777-83. [PMID: 22051776 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipin1 is a member of the lipin protein family that plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. The endogenous role of lipin1 was demonstrated by the fact that mutations in lipin1 caused lipodystrophy and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of nutritional status, pregnancy, insulin-sensitizers and pituitary hormones on lipin1 mRNA levels in adipose tissue of rats. Lipin1 gene expression was induced in conditions of hypoleptinemia (fasting) and leptin resistance (high fat diet), whereas it was decreased by high circulating leptin levels (leptin administration, pregnancy) and in leptin-deficient mice. Lipin1 mRNA levels were also decreased in adiponectin-deficient mice. Lipin1 mRNA levels are influenced by age in female rats, with peak expression at 25th day of life and decreasing thereafter. Consistently, ovariectomy increased lipin1 expression indicating that estrogens modulate lipin1. Finally, lipin1 was also regulated by pituitary hormones, since its expression was modified by thyroid status and growth hormone deficiency. Our observations indicate that: a) gWAT lipin1 mRNA levels are regulated by nutritional status, and leptin plays an important role in this regard, b) lipin1 is modulated by adiponectin, c) lipin1 is influenced by age and sex, and d) alterations in pituitary function modify lipin1 mRNA levels. To dissect the complicated interactions between key regulators of lipid metabolism like lipin1, may be important for the development of new therapies for the treatment and prevention of obesity and its associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth González
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of the GH secretagogue receptor, has a pleiotropic role in the modulation of energy balance. Recent evidence has demonstrated that besides its orexigenic role, ghrelin regulates central and peripheral lipid metabolism through specific control of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical metabolic gauge regulating both cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the new milestones of ghrelin's actions on energy balance, with particular focus on its molecular interaction with hypothalamic AMPK and fatty acid metabolism. Understanding this new metabolic pathway can provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña) 15782, Spain
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21
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Velásquez DA, Martínez G, Romero A, Vázquez MJ, Boit KD, Dopeso-Reyes IG, López M, Vidal A, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C. The central Sirtuin 1/p53 pathway is essential for the orexigenic action of ghrelin. Diabetes 2011; 60:1177-85. [PMID: 21386086 PMCID: PMC3064091 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ghrelin is a stomach-derived peptide that increases food intake through the activation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, the molecular mechanisms initiated by the activation of the ghrelin receptor, which in turn lead to AMPK activation, remain unclear. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a deacetylase activated in response to calorie restriction that acts through the tumor suppressor gene p53. We tested the hypothesis that the central SIRT1/p53 pathway might be mediating the orexigenic action of ghrelin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS SIRT1 inhibitors, such as Ex527 and sirtinol, and AMPK activators, such as AICAR, were administered alongside ghrelin in the brain of rats and mice (wild-type versus p53 knockout [KO]). Their hypothalamic effects on lipid metabolism and changes in transcription factors and neuropeptides were assessed by Western blot and in situ hybridization. RESULTS The central pretreatment with Ex527, a potent SIRT1 inhibitor, blunted the ghrelin-induced food intake in rats. Mice lacking p53, a target of SIRT1 action, failed to respond to ghrelin in feeding behavior. Ghrelin failed to phosphorylate hypothalamic AMPK when rats were pretreated with Ex527, as it did in p53 KO mice. It is noteworthy that the hypothalamic SIRT1/p53 pathway seems to be specific for mediating the orexigenic action of ghrelin, because central administration of AICAR, a potent AMPK activator, increased food intake in p53 KO mice. Finally, blockade of the central SIRT1 pathway did not modify ghrelin-induced growth hormone secretion. CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin specifically triggers a central SIRT1/p53 pathway that is essential for its orexigenic action, but not for the release of growth hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A. Velásquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine—Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gloria Martínez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine—Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amparo Romero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine—Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J. Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine—Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Katia D. Boit
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine—Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Catarinense Institut of Environmental Research and Human Development, Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Iria G. Dopeso-Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine—Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anxo Vidal
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine—Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine—Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Corresponding authors: Ruben Nogueiras, , and Carlos Diéguez,
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine—Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Corresponding authors: Ruben Nogueiras, , and Carlos Diéguez,
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Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Helmling S, Vázquez MJ, Klussmann S, Cordido F. Ghrelin neutralization during fasting-refeeding cycle impairs the recuperation of body weight and alters hepatic energy metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 335:177-88. [PMID: 21241769 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin, a hormone whose levels increase during food deprivation, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of food intake, energy metabolism and storage, as well as in insulin sensitivity. Here, we investigated the effects of acyl-ghrelin neutralization with the acyl-ghrelin-binding compound NOX-B11(2) during the fasting-refeeding cycle. Our data demonstrate that ghrelin neutralization with NOX-B11(2) impairs recuperation of lost body weight after food deprivation. Analysis of enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in liver of fed, fasted and refed rats revealed that neutralization of acyl-ghrelin resulted in minor decreases in the enzymes of glycolytic and lipogenic pathways during fasting. However, during refeeding these enzymes as well as glycogen levels recovered more slowly when acyl-ghrelin was blocked. The high levels of ghrelin in response to food deprivation may contribute to an adequate decrease in hepatic glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes and aid in the recovery of body weight and energetic reserves once food becomes available after the fasting period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza, s/n, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
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Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Varela L, Vázquez MJ, Da Boit K, Saha AK, Cordido F, Diéguez C, López M. Influence of ghrelin and growth hormone deficiency on AMP-activated protein kinase and hypothalamic lipid metabolism. J Neuroendocrinol 2010; 22:543-56. [PMID: 20298456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.01994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence demonstrates that the stomach-derived hormone ghrelin, a potent growth hormone (GH) secretagogue, promotes feeding through a mechanism involving the short-term activation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which in turn results in decreased hypothalamic levels of malonyl-CoA and increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) activity. Despite this evidence, no data have been reported about the effect of chronic, central ghrelin administration on hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism. In the present study, we examined the differences in hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism in the presence and absence of GH, by using a model for the study of GH-deficiency, namely the spontaneous dwarf rat and the effect of long-term central ghrelin treatment and starvation on hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism in this animal model. Our data showed that GH-deficiency induces reductions in both de novo lipogenesis and beta-oxidation pathways in the hypothalamus. Thus, dwarf rats display reductions in fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA expression both in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) and whole hypothalamus, as well as in FAS protein and activity. CPT1 activity was also reduced. In addition, in the present study, we show that chronic ghrelin treatment does not promote AMPK-induced changes in the overall fluxes of hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism in normal rats and that this effect is independent of GH status. By contrast, we demonstrated that both chronic ghrelin and fasting decreased FAS mRNA expression in the VMH of normal rats but not dwarf rats, suggesting GH status dependency. Overall, these results suggest that ghrelin plays a dual time-dependent role in modulating hypothalamic lipid metabolism. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the interplay between GH and ghrelin on hypothalamic lipid metabolism will allow new strategies for the design and development of suitable drugs for the treatment of GH-deficiency, obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
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24
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Lage R, Vázquez MJ, Varela L, Saha AK, Vidal-Puig A, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C, López M. Ghrelin effects on neuropeptides in the rat hypothalamus depend on fatty acid metabolism actions on BSX but not on gender. FASEB J 2010; 24:2670-9. [PMID: 20335227 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-150672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The orexigenic effect of ghrelin is mediated by neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Recent evidence also indicates that ghrelin promotes feeding through a mechanism involving activation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase (FAS). This results in decreased hypothalamic levels of malonyl-CoA, increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) activity, and mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species. We evaluated whether these molecular events are part of a unique signaling cascade or whether they represent alternative pathways mediating the orexigenic effect of ghrelin. Moreover, we examined the gender dependency of these mechanisms, because recent evidence has proposed that ghrelin orexigenic effect is reduced in female rats. We studied in both genders the effect of ghrelin on the expression of AgRP and NPY, as well as their transcription factors: cAMP response-element binding protein (CREB and its phosphorylated form, pCREB), forkhead box O1 (FoxO1 and its phosphorylated form, pFoxO1), and brain-specific homeobox transcription factor (BSX). In addition, to establish a mechanistic link between ghrelin, fatty acid metabolism, and neuropeptides, we evaluated the effect of ghrelin after blockage of hypothalamic fatty acid beta oxidation, by using the CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir. Ghrelin-induced changes in the AMPK-CPT1 pathway are associated with increased levels of AgRP and NPY mRNA expression through modulation of BSX, pCREB, and FoxO1, as well as decreased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in a gender-independent manner. In addition, blockage of hypothalamic fatty acid beta oxidation prevents the ghrelin-promoting action on AgRP and NPY mRNA expression, also in a gender-independent manner. Notably, this effect is associated with decreased BSX expression and reduced food intake. Overall, our data suggest that BSX integrates changes in neuronal metabolic status with ARC-derived neuropeptides in a gender-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lage
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
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25
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Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Vázquez MJ, Varela L, Nogueiras R, Saha AK, Cordido F, López M, Diéguez C. Central ghrelin regulates peripheral lipid metabolism in a growth hormone-independent fashion. Endocrinology 2009; 150:4562-74. [PMID: 19608647 PMCID: PMC2819740 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
GH plays a major role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and alterations in GH axis elicit major changes in fat distribution and mobilization. For example, in patients with GH deficiency (GHD) or in mice lacking the GH receptor, the percentage of fat is increased. In addition to the direct actions of GH on lipid metabolism, current evidence indicates that ghrelin, a stomach-derived peptide hormone with potent GH secretagogue action, increases lipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) through a hypothalamic-mediated mechanism. Still, the mechanism by which GH tone modulates ghrelin actions on WAT remains unclear. Here we investigated the effect of central ghrelin administration on lipid metabolism in lipogenic tissues (liver and WAT) in the absence of GH, by using a model for the study of GHD, namely the spontaneous dwarf rat, which shows increased body fat. Our data demonstrate that central chronic ghrelin administration regulates adipose lipid metabolism, mainly in a GH-independent fashion, as a result of increased mRNA, protein expression, and activity levels of fatty acid metabolism enzymes. On the contrary, central ghrelin regulates hepatic lipogenesis de novo in a GH-independent fashion but lipid mobilization in a GH-dependent fashion because carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 was decreased only in wild-type Lewis rats. These findings suggest the existence of a new central nervous system-based neuroendocrine circuit, regulating metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the interplay between GH and ghrelin and their effects on lipid metabolism will provide new strategies for the design and development of suitable drugs for the treatment of GHD, obesity, and its comorbidities.
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González CR, Caminos JE, Vázquez MJ, Garcés MF, Cepeda LA, Angel A, González AC, García-Rendueles ME, Sangiao-Alvarellos S, López M, Bravo SB, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C. Regulation of visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor by nutritional status, metformin, gender and pituitary factors in rat white adipose tissue. J Physiol 2009; 587:3741-50. [PMID: 19470778 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.172510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is a recently discovered adipocytokine mainly secreted from visceral adipose tissue, which plays a main role in insulin sensitivity. In this study, we have investigated the regulation of vaspin gene expression in rat white adipose tissue (WAT) in different physiological (nutritional status, pregnancy, age and gender) and pathophysiological (gonadectomy, thyroid status and growth hormone deficiency) settings known to be associated with energy homeostasis and alterations in insulin sensitivity. We have determined vaspin gene expression by real-time PCR. Vaspin was decreased after fasting and its levels were partially recovered after leptin treatment. Chronic treatment with metformin increased vaspin gene expression. Vaspin mRNA expression reached the highest peak at 45 days in both sexes after birth and its expression was higher in females than males, but its levels did not change throughout pregnancy. Finally, decreased levels of growth hormone and thyroid hormones suppressed vaspin expression. These findings suggest that WAT vaspin mRNA expression is regulated by nutritional status, and leptin seems to be the nutrient signal responsible for those changes. Vaspin is influenced by age and gender, and its expression is increased after treatment with insulin sensitizers. Finally, alterations in pituitary functions modify vaspin levels. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating vaspin will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R González
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), S. Francisco s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
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Abstract
The most unique feature of ghrelin is the acyl-modification of a hydroxyl group of the Ser3 in the N-terminus. The Ser3 is commonly modified by n-octanoic acid in vertebrates being needed for its biological effects, at least in terms of feeding. Therefore, a critical question regarding the role of ghrelin was to characterize the mechanism involved in its acylation. The acyltransferase that catalyzes ghrelin octanoylation has been recently identified and named ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT). The aim of this study was to clarify the physiological implications of GOAT in the regulation of energy balance, by assessing the effect of undernutrition, as well as fasting in adult male rats. We have determined GOAT mRNA expression levels by real time-PCR in the stomach mucosa. Our results show that chronic food restriction led to an increase in GOAT mRNA, particularly following long-term chronic malnutrition (21 days). Furthermore, following 48 h complete fasting, a situation with high-circulating ghrelin levels, we found similar mRNA expression of GOAT in fed and fasted rats; exogenous leptin administration markedly increase GOAT mRNA levels in the stomach mucosa of fasted rats. These findings suggest that increased GOAT mRNA levels may have a role in mediating the physiological responses to chronic undernutrition and could represent an adaptive response to prevent long-lasting alterations in energy balance and body weight homeostasis. Furthermore, our data also offer mechanistic insights into the reason why during fasting acylated ghrelin levels are not increased at a time when a marked increase in an orexigenic signal as important as acylated ghrelin will be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruth González
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
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Vázquez MJ, González CR, Varela L, Lage R, Tovar S, Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Williams LM, Vidal-Puig A, Nogueiras R, López M, Diéguez C. Central resistin regulates hypothalamic and peripheral lipid metabolism in a nutritional-dependent fashion. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4534-43. [PMID: 18499762 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the adipocyte-derived hormone resistin (RSTN) directly regulates both feeding and peripheral metabolism through, so far, undefined hypothalamic-mediated mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that the anorectic effect of RSTN is associated with inappropriately decreased mRNA expression of orexigenic (agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y) and increased mRNA expression of anorexigenic (cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript) neuropeptides in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Of interest, RSTN also exerts a profound nutrition-dependent inhibitory effect on hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism, as indicated by increased phosphorylation levels of both AMP-activated protein kinase and its downstream target acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, associated with decreased expression of fatty acid synthase in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, we also demonstrate that chronic central RSTN infusion results in decreased body weight and major changes in peripheral expression of lipogenic enzymes, in a tissue-specific and nutrition-dependent manner. Thus, in the fed state central RSTN is associated with induced expression of fatty acid synthesis enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines in liver, whereas its administration in the fasted state does so in white adipose tissue. Overall, our results indicate that RSTN controls feeding and peripheral lipid metabolism and suggest that hepatic RSTN-induced insulin resistance may be mediated by central activation of de novo lipogenesis in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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López M, Lage R, Saha AK, Pérez-Tilve D, Vázquez MJ, Varela L, Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Tovar S, Raghay K, Rodríguez-Cuenca S, Deoliveira RM, Castañeda T, Datta R, Dong JZ, Culler M, Sleeman MW, Alvarez CV, Gallego R, Lelliott CJ, Carling D, Tschöp MH, Diéguez C, Vidal-Puig A. Hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism mediates the orexigenic action of ghrelin. Cell Metab 2008; 7:389-99. [PMID: 18460330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism may play a role in regulating food intake; however, confirmation that it is a physiologically relevant regulatory system of feeding is still incomplete. Here, we use pharmacological and genetic approaches to demonstrate that the physiological orexigenic response to ghrelin involves specific inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis induced by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) resulting in decreased hypothalamic levels of malonyl-CoA and increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) activity. In addition, we also demonstrate that fasting downregulates fatty acid synthase (FAS) in a region-specific manner and that this effect is mediated by an AMPK and ghrelin-dependent mechanisms. Thus, decreasing AMPK activity in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is sufficient to inhibit ghrelin's effects on FAS expression and feeding. Overall, our results indicate that modulation of hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism specifically in the VMH in response to ghrelin is a physiological mechanism that controls feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, S. Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain.
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Abstract
More than 70 years ago the glucostatic, lipostatic and aminostatic hypotheses proposed that the central nervous system sensed circulating levels of different metabolites, changing feeding behaviour in response to the levels of those molecules. In the last 20 years the rapid increase in obesity and associated pathologies in developed countries has involved a substantial increase in the knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanism regulating body mass. This effort has resulted in the recent discovery of new peripheral signals, such as leptin and ghrelin, as well as new neuropeptides, such as orexins, involved in body-weight homeostasis. The present review summarises research into energy balance, starting from the original classical hypotheses proposing metabolite sensing, through peripheral tissue-brain interactions and coming full circle to the recently-discovered role of hypothalamic fatty acid synthase in feeding regulation. Understanding these molecular mechanisms will provide new pharmacological targets for the treatment of obesity and appetite disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Vázquez ME, Pastor E, Bachiller MR, Vázquez MJ, Eiros JM. [Geographic variability in prescribing antibiotics in the pediatric population of Castille and León during 2001-2005]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2006; 19:342-8. [PMID: 17235403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if there were differences in the antibiotic consumption among the pediatric population of the eleven Primary Health Care centers in the Community of Castilla Leon during the years 2001-2005 and to analyze the possible causes. Data of non-hospital antibiotic consumption in the pediatric population provided the amount of antibiotics billed in the Health Service of the area of Castilla and Leon (central region of Spain). The data was analyzed according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC) and expressed as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). There were statistically significant differences in the use of antibiotics, varying 8.3 DID between the area with the highest rate (24.86 DID in Leon) and the area with the lowest rate (16.56 DID in Soria). The temporal fluctuations were great and varied especially in Segovia. The pattern of prescribing also varied. The use of penicillin in combination with beta-lacatamase inhibitors varied by a factor of almost three times between Burgos and Segovia. Segovia showed the best management in antibiotic prescriptions with data showing low consumption based on prescribing recommendations. Data from Soria showed low consumption but patterns of misuse in regard to protocols and prescribing. There was wide quantitative and qualitative variability of antibiotic use among the primary health care centers in the region of Castilla and Leon. More detailed studies by age groups, welfare pressure and indication are needed to better understand the determinants of antibiotic use in children.
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López M, Tovar S, Vázquez MJ, Nogueiras R, Seoane LM, García M, Señarís RM, Diéguez C. Perinatal overfeeding in rats results in increased levels of plasma leptin but unchanged cerebrospinal leptin in adulthood. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 31:371-7. [PMID: 16801924 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of perinatal programming and overfeeding on the hypothalamic control mechanisms of food intake in adult rats. DESIGN Neonatal programming effects on body weight, food intake, central and peripheral leptin levels, hypothalamic neuropeptides, leptin receptors and central leptin responsiveness in adult rats. MEASUREMENTS Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leptin levels were analyzed using radioimmunoassay. Neuropeptide mRNA levels were analyzed using in situ hybridization. Leptin receptor mRNA levels were analyzed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Perinatally overfed rats growing up in small litters (SL) maintain their obese and hyperleptinemic phenotype in adulthood. However, leptin levels in CSF are abnormally low considering the plasmatic hyperleptinemia. In contrast to the already reported changes in perinatally overfed juvenile rats, perinatally overfed adult rats did not show any alteration in the expression of leptin receptor isoforms and evaluated neuropeptides. Moreover, SL adult rats showed a normal sensitivity regarding the inhibitory effect of intracerebroventricular leptin administration on food intake. CONCLUSION Perinatal overfeeding does not induce alterations in either the anorectic response to central leptin administration or expression of leptin receptors and neuropeptides in adulthood. The leptin resistance to peripheral leptin in SL adult rats may be related to impaired leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, S Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
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Tovar S, Vázquez MJ, Navarro VM, Fernández-Fernández R, Castellano JM, Vigo E, Roa J, Casanueva FF, Aguilar E, Pinilla L, Dieguez C, Tena-Sempere M. Effects of single or repeated intravenous administration of kisspeptin upon dynamic LH secretion in conscious male rats. Endocrinology 2006; 147:2696-704. [PMID: 16513831 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of kisspeptins, ligands of the G protein-coupled receptor 54, to potently elicit LH secretion is now undisputed. Yet, most of the pharmacological characterization of their gonadotropin-releasing effects has been conducted after intracerebral administration. In contrast, the effects of peripheral injection of kisspeptin remains less well defined. In this study, dynamic LH secretory responses to iv administration of kisspeptin-10 in different experimental settings are presented, and compared with those evoked by kisspeptin-52, using a protocol of serial blood sampling in conscious, freely moving male rats. LH responsiveness to peripheral administration of kisspeptin appeared extremely sensitive, as doses as low as 0.3 nmol/kg (0.1 microg/rat) evoked robust LH bursts, the magnitude of which was dose-dependent and apparently maximal in response to 3.0 and 30 nmol/kg kisspeptin-10. The ability of kisspeptin-10 to stimulate LH release was fully preserved, and even doubled in terms of relative increases, after short-term fasting despite suppression of prevailing LH levels. Repeated injections of kisspeptin-10 (four boluses, at 75-min intervals) evoked associated LH secretory pulses, the magnitude of which remained constant along the study period. Moreover, in this setting, in vivo LH responses to a terminal injection of GnRH were preserved, whereas basal and depolarization-induced GnRH release ex vivo was significantly enhanced. Finally, iv administration of kisspeptin-52 elicited dynamic LH responses analogous to that of kisspeptin-10; yet, their net magnitude and duration was slightly greater. In summary, we present in this study a series of experiments on the effects of systemic (iv) injection of single or repeated doses of kisspeptin upon dynamic LH secretion in conscious male rats. Aside from potential physiologic relevance, our present data might contribute to setting the basis for the rational therapeutic use of kisspeptin analogs in the pharmacological manipulation of the gonadotropic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tovar
- Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Vázquez MJ, Garrote G, Alonso JL, Domínguez H, Parajó JC. Refining of autohydrolysis liquors for manufacturing xylooligosaccharides: evaluation of operational strategies. Bioresour Technol 2005; 96:889-896. [PMID: 15627559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When xylan-containing lignocellulosic materials are subjected to the action of heat in an aqueous medium (autohydrolysis reaction) under suitable operational conditions, the heterocyclic ether bonds of the polymeric chain are split to give xylooligosaccharides (XO) and a variety of other products derived from hemicelluloses, lignin and extractives. For product applications requiring high-purity XO, subsequent purification stages have to be implemented. Various strategies have been evaluated for refining Eucalyptus wood autohydrolysis liquors, including the two-stage reaction, precipitation and solvent extraction of freeze-dried, dewaxed liquors. Data on the degree of xylooligosaccharide recovery as well as on the composition of the isolates (measured in terms of hemicellulose-derived products and non-saccharide products) are provided for the various operational procedures assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Vázquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Polytechnical Building, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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35
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Vázquez MJ, Albarrán MI, Espada A, Rivera-Sagredo A, Díez E, Hueso-Rodríguez JA. A New Destruxin as Inhibitor of Vacuolar-Type H+-ATPase ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Chem Biodivers 2005; 2:123-30. [PMID: 17191925 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200490163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the course of our screening efforts to discover small molecules as selective inhibitors of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have identified eight active destruxins, 1-8, from the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. The structures were elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, and MS spectrometry. One of these compounds, 8, a regioisomer of chlorohydrin destruxin E (7), is a new destruxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Vázquez
- Assay Development and Compound Profiling Department, GlaxoSmithKline, R&D, Centro de Investigación Básica, Santiago Grisolía 4, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid.
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Vázquez MJ, Roa AM, Reyes F, Vega A, Rivera-Sagredo A, Thomas DR, Díez E, Hueso-Rodríguez JA. A novel ergot alkaloid as a 5-HT(1A) inhibitor produced by Dicyma sp. J Med Chem 2004; 46:5117-20. [PMID: 14613313 DOI: 10.1021/jm0341204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the course of a search for small-molecule inhibitors of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors we have identified a novel ergoline derivative (1) from the fungal culture of Dicyma sp. This compound has a pK(i) of 10.2 versus the 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor subtype. The structure was elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Vázquez
- Assay Development and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Madrid, Spain.
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Vázquez MJ, Lorenzo RA, Cela R. Chlorophenols identification in water using an electronic nose and ANNs (artificial neural networks) classification. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49:99-105. [PMID: 15237613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electronic artificial noses are being developed as systems for the automated detection and classification of odours, vapors and gases. In the food industry, such devices are used as aids for quality control or process-monitoring tools. An electronic nose (EN) is generally composed of a chemical sensing system and a pattern recognition system (e.g. artificial neural network). An EN based on a non-specific conducting polymer array was used to monitor chlorophenols in water samples. Operational parameters for the EN were optimized by a Plackett-Burman factorial design. The experimental parameters studied were: sample volume, platen temperature, sample equilibration time, loop fill time, sample pressurization time and injection time. Optimal experimental conditions were applied to chlorophenols determination and differentiation in ultrapure water samples spiked with the EPA listed chlorophenols. Data analysis was carried out using principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the chlorophenols presence in water samples. The obtained results showed that it was possible to differentiate the five chlorophenol groups: monochlorophenol, dichlorophenol, trichlorophenol, tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol. Differentiation of chlorophenol groups was based on Mahalanobis distance between the formed clusters. This Mahalanobis distance is designated by the Quality Factor, a value >2 for this quality factor means a good differentiation between the clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Vázquez
- Aquagest, Central Laboratory, C/Isidro Parga Pondal no 9 15702 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Vázquez BI, Fente C, Franco CM, Vázquez MJ, Cepeda A. Inhibitory effects of eugenol and thymol on Penicillium citrinum strains in culture media and cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2001; 67:157-63. [PMID: 11482565 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we studied the antifungal effect of eugenol and thymol on the growth and production of citrinin from Penicillium citrinum (NRRL 2274 and NRRL 2269) in culture media and in different Spanish cheeses (Arzúa-Ulloa, Cebreiro and San Simón). The rate of growth was assessed by measuring colony diameters and the production of citrinin was measured using a rapid semi-quantitative fluorometric technique confirmed by RP-HPLC. A stronger inhibitory effect of eugenol than thymol was evident. 200 microg/ml of eugenol in solid culture medium increased the lag time of growth up to 9 days, and decreased the rate of colony growth. In liquid medium, a complete inhibition of fungal growth was observed. By contrast, thymol in the liquid culture medium only affected the growth rate. In Arzúa-Ulloa cheese, 200 microg/ml of eugenol fully inhibited fungal growth, while in Cebreiro cheese no effect was observed for this compound. Regarding the capacity to inhibit mycotoxin production 100 microg/ml eugenol delayed citrinin production until the sixth day, after which a limiting effect persisted. In Arzúa-Ulloa cheese, no citrinin was detected at a concentration of 150 microg/ml of eugenol, but citrinin was detected after 5 days in the case of thymol at the same concentration. In Cebreiro cheese, neither eugenol nor thymol prevented the production of citrinin at the concentrations applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Vázquez
- Dpto. Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Higiene e Inspección de Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus Universitario Norte, Lugo, Spain.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins have been proposed as vasodilator substances involved in peripheral vasodilatation characteristic of the liver cirrhosis. A link between NO and prostanoids has been suggested. The present study investigated the effect of simultaneous blockade of both, NO synthase (NOS) and cyclooxigenase (COX) in sham-operated (SO), or rats with bile-duct ligation (BDL) in the development of liver fibrosis. Animals were distributed in two groups SO (n=15) or BDL (n=15). Treatments (5 days) started three weeks after surgical procedure. Both, SO and BDL animals were treated with indomethacin (INDO) (5 mg/kg/day) alone, with NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (NAME) (4 mg/kg/day) alone or with INDO and NAME combination at the same doses. At the end of follow-up body weight, packed cell volume, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate were measured. Liver tissue was processed for histological studies. In this study, BDL animals showed a decreased MAP. Treatment with L-NAME in BDL rats increased MAP. The chronic COX inhibition alone did not play an important role in the haemodynamic changes. The BDL produced a loss of hepatic structure, with ductular metaplasia that occupied the greater part of the hepatic parenchyma. Also, an important degree of fibrosis was observed. Both NO and PG synthesis inhibitors, alone or in combination, induced enhancing collagen fiber deposition in the hepatic parenchyma. These findings support the notion that the interaction between the NOS and COX pathways should be relevant in hepatic cirrhosis in which both NOS and COX are induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Criado
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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Casais MA, Vázquez MJ. [Aortobifemoral shunt and exeresis of 2 paragangliomas in the same surgical procedure]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 1992; 39:194. [PMID: 1410743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Vázquez MJ, Loimil LA, Di Benedetto A, Ortiz A, González Aguilar O, Pizzimbono C. [Surgical approach to the mitral valve using extracorporeal circulation]. Prensa Med Argent 1966; 53:2168-71. [PMID: 5996006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Vázquez MJ, Loimil LA, Galmarini JA, Ber M, Albarracín J, Hernández Morán JC. [Perfusion of malignant tumors of the extremities with the mechanical heart: remote results]. Prensa Med Argent 1966; 53:2233-8. [PMID: 5996018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Galmarini JA, Rozier EG, Vázquez MJ. [Epididymectomy]. Prensa Med Argent 1966; 53:2128-30. [PMID: 5995997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Vázquez MJ, Hernández Morán JC, González Aguilar O, Vayo M. [Intentional hemodilution in extracorporeal circulation]. Prensa Med Argent 1966; 53:2239-41. [PMID: 5996019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Vázquez MJ, Barredo C, Hernández Morán JC, González Aguilar O. [Surgical treatment of chronic arterial obstructions]. Prensa Med Argent 1966; 53:2256-60. [PMID: 5996023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Vázquez MJ. [Basic technics in arterial surgery]. Prensa Med Argent 1966; 53:2242-5. [PMID: 5996020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Vázquez MJ, Barral MA, Barredo C, Hernández Morán JC. [Surgical treatment of acute arterial obstructions]. Prensa Med Argent 1966; 53:2246-9. [PMID: 5996021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Vázquez MJ, González Aguilar O, Salsman I, Prada Campero M, Reale AM. [Surgcal approaches for arterial infusion in the treatment of tumors]. Prensa Med Argent 1966; 53:1154-9. [PMID: 5944693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Vázquez MJ, González Aguilar O, Salsman I, Prada Campero M, Reale AM. [Regional therapy for the treatment of tumors. Generalities]. Prensa Med Argent 1965; 52:2732-6. [PMID: 5882381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Veppo AA, Vázquez MJ, Di Benedetto A, González Aguilar O. [Surgical treatment of carotid thrombosis]. Prensa Med Argent 1965; 52:1483-9. [PMID: 5848455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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