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Xiao X, Huang S, Yang Z, Zhu Y, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Bai J, Kim KH. Momordica charantia Bioactive Components: Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Benefits Through Gut Health Modulation. J Med Food 2024; 27:589-600. [PMID: 38770678 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia (MC), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is well known for its pharmacological activities that exhibit hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. These properties are largely because of its abundant bioactive compounds and phytochemicals. Over the years, numerous studies have confirmed the regulatory effects of MC extract on glycolipid metabolism. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on newly discovered MC-related components, such as insulin receptor-binding protein-19, adMc1, and MC protein-30 and triterpenoids 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al, and the role of MC in gut microbiota and bitter taste receptors. This review offers an up-to-date overview of the recently reported chemical compositions of MC, including polysaccharides, saponins, polyphenolics, peptides, and their beneficial effects. It also provides the latest updates on the role of MC in the regulation of gut microbiota and bitter taste receptor signaling pathways. As a result, this review will serve as a theoretical basis for potential applications in the creation or modification of MC-based nutrient supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shiting Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yansheng Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Gumus D, Macit A, Guzel B, Tengilimoglu‐Metin MM, Kizil M. Bitter melon extract mitigates heterocyclic aromatic amine formation in chicken thigh meat. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4259-4268. [PMID: 38873469 PMCID: PMC11167177 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to study the impact of bitter melon extract (BME) on the generation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in chicken thigh meat. Raw chicken samples were marinated overnight with various levels (0%, 0.5%, and 1%) of BME, and pan-fried at 150, 200, and 250°C for a total of 10 min. IQx, IQ, MeIQx, MeIQ, 7,8-DiMeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, PhIP, AαC, and MeAαC were detected in quantities that varied according to the cooking temperature and the concentration of BME. Notably, IQx, MeIQx, MeIQ, 7,8-DiMeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx, and AαC levels were reduced through the application of the marinade. Cooking at higher temperatures led to elevated levels of total HAAs. Total HAA levels were 0.98 ± 1.12 ng/g, 3.82 ± 2.12 ng/g, and 6.25 ± 3.35 ng/g in samples cooked at 150, 200, and 250°C, respectively (p < .01). BME demonstrated its effectiveness in mitigating total HAA levels, showing reductions ranging from 25.9% to 69.9%. The most effective concentration of BME in reducing total HAAs was 1% for all cooking temperatures, which might be attributed to its antioxidant activity. These results carry substantial implications for potentially incorporating natural extracts such as BME into chicken products as a viable strategy to reduce HAAs, thus enhancing the safety and quality of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Gumus
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health SciencesHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Arife Macit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health SciencesHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Bengu Guzel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health SciencesHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | | | - Mevlude Kizil
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health SciencesHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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Dinesh S, Sharma S, Chourasiya R. Therapeutic Applications of Plant and Nutraceutical-Based Compounds for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e050523216593. [PMID: 37151065 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230505140206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a condition caused by a deficiency in insulin production or sensitivity that is defined by persistent hyperglycemia as well as disturbances in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Uncurbed diabetes or incessant hyperglycemic condition can lead to severe complications, including renal damage, visual impairment, cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, etc., which promotes diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality rates. The therapeutic management of diabetes includes conventional medications and nutraceuticals as complementary therapies. Nutraceuticals are bioactive compounds derived from food sources that have health-promoting properties and are instrumental in the management and treatment of various maladies. Nutraceuticals are clinically exploited to tackle DM pathogenesis, and the clinical evidence suggests that nutraceuticals can modulate biochemical parameters related to diabetes pathogenesis and comorbidities. Hypoglycemic medicines are designed to mitigate DM in traditional medicinal practice. This review intends to emphasize and comment on the various therapeutic strategies available to manage this chronic condition, conventional drugs, and the potential role of nutraceuticals in managing the complexity of the disease and reducing the risk of complications. In contrast to conventional antihyperglycemic drugs, nutraceutical supplements offer a higher efficacy and lesser adverse effects. To substantiate the efficacy and safety of various functional foods in conjunction with conventional hypoglycemic medicines, additional data from clinical studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, 560043, India
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, 560043, India
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Khumalo B, Siboto A, Akinnuga AM, Sibiya N, Khathi A, Ngubane PS. Momordica balsamina improves glucose handling in a diet-induced prediabetic rat model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295498. [PMID: 38096150 PMCID: PMC10721073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to high energy diets has been implicated in the development of pre-diabetes, a long-lasting condition that precedes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A combination of pharmacological treatment and dietary interventions are recommended to prevent the progression of pre-diabetes to T2DM. However, poor patient compliance leads to negligence of the dietary intervention and thus reduced drug efficiency. Momordica balsamina (MB) has been reported to possess anti-diabetic effects in type 1 diabetic rats. However, the effects of this medicinal plant in conjunction with dietary intervention on pre-diabetes have not yet been established. Consequently, this study sought to evaluate the effects of MB on glucose homeostasis in a diet-induced pre-diabetes rat model in the presence and absence of dietary intervention. Pre-diabetes was induced on male Sprague Dawley rats by a high fat high carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for a period of 20 weeks. Pre-diabetic male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with MB (250 mg/kg p.o.) in both the presence and absence of dietary intervention once a day every third day for a period of 12 weeks. The administration of MB with and without dietary intervention resulted in significantly improved glucose homeostasis through reduced caloric intake, body weights, with reduced plasma ghrelin concentration and glycated hemoglobin by comparison to the pre-diabetic control. MB administration also improved insulin sensitivity as evidenced by the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) and glycogen synthase on the prediabetic treated animals. These results suggest that MB has the potential to be used to manage pre-diabetes and prevent the progression to overt type 2 diabetes as it demonstrated the ability to restore glucose homeostasis even in the absence of dietary and lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongiwe Khumalo
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Angezwa Siboto
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Akinjide Moses Akinnuga
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Cross River, Nigeria
| | - Ntethelelo Sibiya
- Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Siphosethu Ngubane
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Zhou Y, Xu B. New insights into anti-diabetes effects and molecular mechanisms of dietary saponins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12372-12397. [PMID: 35866515 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder that manifests as chronic hyperglycemia and impaired insulin, bringing a heavy load on the global health care system. Considering the inevitable side effects of conventional anti-diabetic drugs, saponins-rich natural products exert promising therapeutic properties to serve as safer and more cost-effective alternatives for DM management. Herein, this review systematically summarized the research progress on the anti-diabetic properties of dietary saponins and their underlying molecular mechanisms in the past 20 years. Dietary saponins possessed the multidirectional anti-diabetic capabilities by concurrent regulation of various signaling pathways, such as IRS-1/PI3K/Akt, AMPK, Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB-NLRP3, SREBP-1c, and PPARγ, in liver, pancreas, gut, and skeletal muscle. However, the industrialization and commercialization of dietary saponin-based drugs are confronted with a significant challenge due to the low bioavailability and lack of the standardization. Hence, in-depth evaluations in pharmacological profile, function-structure interaction, drug-signal pathway interrelation are essential for developing dietary saponins-based anti-diabetic treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Rath P, Prakash D, Ranjan A, Chauhan A, Jindal T, Alamri S, Alamri T, Harakeh S, Haque S. Modulation of Insulin Resistance by Silybum marianum Leaves, and its Synergistic Efficacy with Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Trigonella-foenum graecum Against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36641593 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2162236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged insulin resistance is considered one of the reasons for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Upregulation of Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signalling, has been well studied as a key regulator in prognosis to insulin resistance. It has been widely studied as a desirable molecular therapeutic target. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of leaf extract of the medicinal plants Silybum marianum on the inhibition of PTP1B activity. It also explored the synergistic effect with extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (leaves), Momordica charantia (seeds), and Trigonella foenum graecum (seeds). The S. marianum leaves showed dose-dependent inhibition of PTP1B ranging from 9.48-47.95% (25-1000 μg mL-1). Assay with individual plant extracts showed comparatively lesser inhibition of PTP1B as compared to metformin as a control (38% inhibition). However, a synergistic effect showed nearly 45% PTP1B inhibition (higher than metformin) after the assay was done with selected four plant extracts in combination. The effect of leaf extracts of S. marianum was studied for glucose uptake efficiency in yeast cell lines which was found to be increased by 23% as compared to the control (without extract). Metformin improves glucose upake by yeast cells by ~15-31%. GC-MS analysis revealed 23 phytochemicals, some of which possessed anti-diabetic properties. A dose-dependent increase in antioxidant activity of S. marianum leaves extracts was observed (40-53%). The findings of the study highlighted the presence of various phytochemicals in leaves extracts that are effective against PTP1B inhibition and may help in reinvigorating drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prangya Rath
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhan Prakash
- Amity Institute of Herbal Research and Studies, Amity University Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanu Jindal
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sultan Alamri
- Consultant Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alamri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Yousef Abdul Lateef Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Elmi GR, Anum K, Saleem K, Fareed R, Noreen S, Wei H, Chen Y, Chakraborty A, Rehman MU, Liyuan S, Abbas M, Duan Y. Evaluation of clinical trials of ethnomedicine used for the treatment of diabetes: A systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1176618. [PMID: 37089934 PMCID: PMC10119392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1176618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread metabolic disorder with a yearly 6.7 million deaths worldwide. Several treatment options are available but with common side effects like weight gain, cardiovascular diseases, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Therefore, ethnomedicine is gaining the interest of researchers in the treatment of DM. Ethnomedicine works by preventing intestinal absorption and hepatic production of glucose as well as enhancing glucose uptake in muscles and fatty tissues and increasing insulin secretion. A variety of plants have entered clinical trials but very few have gained approval for use. This current study provides an evaluation of such clinical trials. For this purpose, an extensive literature review was performed from a database using keywords like "ethnomedicine diabetes clinical trial", "clinical trials", "clinical trial in diabetes", "diabetes", "natural products in diabetes", "ethno-pharmacological relevance of natural products in diabetes", etc. Clinical trials of 20 plants and natural products were evaluated based on eligibility criteria. Major limitations associated with these clinical trials were a lack of patient compliance, dose-response relationship, and an evaluation of biomarkers with a small sample size and treatment duration. Measures in terms of strict regulations can be considered to achieve quality clinical trials. A specific goal of this systematic review is to discuss DM treatment through ethnomedicine based on recent clinical trials of the past 7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Rehman Elmi
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children’s Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, IQRA University Islamabad Campus (Chak Shahzad), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamil Anum
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kalsoom Saleem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rameesha Fareed
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children’s Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children’s Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Avirup Chakraborty
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Masood Ur Rehman
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Masood Ur Rehman, Shi Liyuan, ; Muhammad Abbas, ; Yongtao Duan,
| | - Shi Liyuan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Masood Ur Rehman, Shi Liyuan, ; Muhammad Abbas, ; Yongtao Duan,
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Masood Ur Rehman, Shi Liyuan, ; Muhammad Abbas, ; Yongtao Duan,
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children’s Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Masood Ur Rehman, Shi Liyuan, ; Muhammad Abbas, ; Yongtao Duan,
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