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Lopez KL, Monachino AD, Vincent KM, Peck FC, Gabard-Durnam LJ. Stability, change, and reliable individual differences in electroencephalography measures: a lifespan perspective on progress and opportunities. Neuroimage 2023; 275:120116. [PMID: 37169118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG) methods have great potential to serve both basic and clinical science approaches to understand individual differences in human neural function. Importantly, the psychometric properties of EEG data, such as internal consistency and test-retest reliability, constrain their ability to differentiate individuals successfully. Rapid and recent technological and computational advancements in EEG research make it timely to revisit the topic of psychometric reliability in the context of individual difference analyses. Moreover, pediatric and clinical samples provide some of the most salient and urgent opportunities to apply individual difference approaches, but the changes these populations experience over time also provide unique challenges from a psychometric perspective. Here we take a developmental neuroscience perspective to consider progress and new opportunities for parsing the reliability and stability of individual differences in EEG measurements across the lifespan. We first conceptually map the different profiles of measurement reliability expected for different types of individual difference analyses over the lifespan. Next, we summarize and evaluate the state of the field's empirical knowledge and need for testing measurement reliability, both internal consistency and test-retest reliability, across EEG measures of power, event-related potentials, nonlinearity, and functional connectivity across ages. Finally, we highlight how standardized pre-processing software for EEG denoising and empirical metrics of individual data quality may be used to further improve EEG-based individual differences research moving forward. We also include recommendations and resources throughout that individual researchers can implement to improve the utility and reproducibility of individual differences analyses with EEG across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Lopez
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A D Monachino
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, United States
| | - K M Vincent
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, United States
| | - F C Peck
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - L J Gabard-Durnam
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, United States.
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2
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Bhutada AM, Davis TM, Garand KL. Electrophysiological Measures of Swallowing Functions: A Systematic Review. Dysphagia 2022; 37:1633-1650. [PMID: 35218413 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the application of event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate neural processes of swallowing functions in adults with and without dysphagia. Computerized literature searches were performed from three search engines. Studies were screened using Covidence (Cochrane tool) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement standards (PRISMA-2009). A total of 759 studies were initially retrieved, of which 12 studies met inclusion criteria. Electrophysiological measures assessing swallowing functions were identified in two major ERP categories: (1) sensory potentials and (2) pre-motor potentials. Approximately 80% of eligible studies demonstrated strong methodological quality, although most employed a case series or case-control study design. Pharyngeal sensory-evoked potentials (PSEPs) were used to assess pharyngeal afferent cortical processing. The temporal sequence of the PSEP waveforms varied based on the sensory stimuli. PSEPs were delayed with localized scalp maps in patients with dysphagia as compared to healthy controls. The pre-motor ERPs assessed the cortical substrates involved in motor planning for swallowing, with the following major neural substrates identified: pre-motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and primary sensorimotor cortex. The pre-motor ERPs differed in amplitude for the swallow task (saliva versus liquid swallow), and the neural networks differed for cued versus non-cued task of swallowing suggesting differences in cognitive processes. This systematic review describes the application of electrophysiological measures to assess swallowing function and the promising application for furthering understanding of the neural substrates of swallowing. Standardization of protocols for use of electrophysiological measures to examine swallowing would allow for aggregation of study data to inform clinical practice for dysphagia rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita M Bhutada
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of South Alabama, 5721 USA Drive North, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Tara M Davis
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of South Alabama, 5721 USA Drive North, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Kendrea L Garand
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of South Alabama, 5721 USA Drive North, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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3
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Taylor BK, Heinrichs-Graham E, Eastman JA, Frenzel MR, Wang YP, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Wilson TW. Longitudinal changes in the neural oscillatory dynamics underlying abstract reasoning in children and adolescents. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119094. [PMID: 35306160 PMCID: PMC9152958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid reasoning is the ability to problem solve in the absence of prior knowledge and is commonly conceptualized as “non-verbal” intelligence. Importantly, fluid reasoning abilities rapidly develop throughout childhood and adolescence. Although numerous studies have characterized the neural underpinnings of fluid reasoning in adults, there is a paucity of research detailing the developmental trajectory of this neural processing. Herein, we examine longitudinal changes in the neural oscillatory dynamics underlying fluid intelligence in a sample of typically developing youths. A total of 34 participants age 10 to 16 years-old completed an abstract reasoning task during magnetoencephalography (MEG) on two occasions set one year apart. We found robust longitudinal optimization in theta, beta, and gamma oscillatory activity across years of the study across a distributed network commonly implicated in fluid reasoning abilities. More specifically, activity tended to decrease longitudinally in additional, compensatory areas such as the right lateral prefrontal cortex and increase in areas commonly utilized in mature adult samples (e.g., left frontal and parietal cortices). Importantly, shifts in neural activity were associated with improvements in task performance from one year to the next. Overall, the data suggest a longitudinal shift in performance that is accompanied by a reconfiguration of the functional oscillatory dynamics serving fluid reasoning during this important period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 378 Bucher Circle, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 378 Bucher Circle, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jacob A Eastman
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 378 Bucher Circle, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Michaela R Frenzel
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 378 Bucher Circle, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 378 Bucher Circle, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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4
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Münger M, Sele S, Candrian G, Kasper J, Abdel-Rehim H, Eich-Höchli D, Müller A, Jäncke L. Longitudinal Analysis of Self-Reported Symptoms, Behavioral Measures, and Event-Related Potential Components of a Cued Go/NoGo Task in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Controls. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:767789. [PMID: 35250513 PMCID: PMC8894259 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.767789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes a large sample of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls regarding their task performance and neurophysiology; cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Self-reported symptoms, behavioral measures, and event-related potentials from a classical cued Go/NoGo task were used to outline the symptom burden, executive function deficits and neurophysiological features, and the associations between these domains. The study participants (N = 210 ADHD, N = 158 controls, age: 18–62 years) were assessed five (ADHD) or three (controls) times over two years. We describe cross-sectional and longitudinal group differences, and associations between symptom burden, and behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) components variables by latent growth curve models, including random slopes and intercepts. The ADHD group showed increased reaction time variability, increased commission and omission errors, and attenuated cueP3, CNV, N2d, and P3d amplitudes. We observed a decrease in self-reported symptoms in the ADHD group over the two years. The behavioral measures (reaction time variability, number of omission, and commission errors) did not change over time, whereas the cueP3, P3d, and N2d amplitude attenuated in both groups. There was no evidence for a robust association between symptom burden and behavioral or ERP measures. The changes in the ERP components with stable task performance, potentially indicate more efficient neuronal processing over the two years. Whether the lack of association between symptom burden and behavioral or ERP measures might be due to the low reliability of the ADHD assessment criteria, or the inappropriateness of the objective measures cannot be inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marionna Münger
- Division of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Marionna Münger,
| | - Silvano Sele
- Division of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gian Candrian
- Brain and Trauma Foundation Grisons, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kasper
- Praxisgemeinschaft Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominique Eich-Höchli
- Division of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lutz Jäncke
- Division of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, Zurich, Switzerland
- Lutz Jäncke,
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5
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Jetha MK, Segalowitz SJ, Gatzke-Kopp LM. The reliability of visual ERP components in children across the first year of school. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22150. [PMID: 34110630 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are increasingly used as neurophysiological markers of perceptual and cognitive processes conveying risk for psychopathology. However, little is known about the reliability of ERP components during childhood, a time of substantial brain maturation. In the present study, we examine the early visual ERP components (P1, N170, VPP), frequently examined as indicators of attentional bias, for 110 children at kindergarten (T1) and first grade (T2). Children performed a Go/Nogo task at both time points, with exact stimuli changed to reduce habituation. All components showed increases in absolute amplitude and the P1 and VPP also showed decreases in latency. Retest reliability across time was good to very good for amplitude measures (Pearson rs ranging from .54 for N170 to .69 for P1) and low to very good for latencies (rs from .34 for P1 to .60 for N170), despite the change in visual stimuli. Although there was some evidence of moderation by sex, early visual ERP components appear to be a reliable measure of individual differences in attention processing in middle childhood. This has implications for the use of early visual ERP components as trait-like markers for individual differences in perceptual processes in developmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Jetha
- Department of Psychology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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6
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Lin MH, Davies PL, Stephens J, Gavin WJ. Test-Retest Reliability of Electroencephalographic Measures of Performance Monitoring in Children and Adults. Dev Neuropsychol 2020; 45:341-366. [PMID: 33078653 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2020.1833208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the test-retest reliability of the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) amplitudes using a Flanker task in 118 neurotypical children and 53 adults before and after latency jitter adjustments. The reliability of the ERN and Pe amplitudes was moderate for children and moderate to strong for adults. The latency variability adjustment did not improve the reliability of the ERN and Pe amplitudes for either group, suggesting that latency variability may be a trait-like measure. For comparison purposes, the reliability of the stimulus-locked ERPs was strong for correct trials, yet the reliability was weak for incorrect trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Heng Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 1573 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patricia L Davies
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 1573 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neuroscience, 1680 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jaclyn Stephens
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 1573 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neuroscience, 1680 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - William J Gavin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neuroscience, 1680 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA
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7
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de Tommaso M, Betti V, Bocci T, Bolognini N, Di Russo F, Fattapposta F, Ferri R, Invitto S, Koch G, Miniussi C, Piccione F, Ragazzoni A, Sartucci F, Rossi S, Arcara G, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Delussi M, Gentile E, Giovannelli F, Mannarelli D, Marino M, Mussini E, Pauletti C, Pellicciari MC, Pisoni A, Raggi A, Valeriani M. Pearls and pitfalls in brain functional analysis by event-related potentials: a narrative review by the Italian Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience Society on methodological limits and clinical reliability-part I. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2711-2735. [PMID: 32388645 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are obtained from the electroencephalogram (EEG) or the magnetoencephalogram (MEG, event-related fields (ERF)), extracting the activity that is time-locked to an event. Despite the potential utility of ERP/ERF in cognitive domain, the clinical standardization of their use is presently undefined for most of procedures. The aim of the present review is to establish limits and reliability of ERP medical application, summarize main methodological issues, and present evidence of clinical application and future improvement. The present section of the review focuses on well-standardized ERP methods, including P300, Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), Mismatch Negativity (MMN), and N400, with a chapter dedicated to laser-evoked potentials (LEPs). One section is dedicated to proactive preparatory brain activity as the Bereitschaftspotential and the prefrontal negativity (BP and pN). The P300 and the MMN potentials have a limited but recognized role in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and consciousness disorders. LEPs have a well-documented usefulness in the diagnosis of neuropathic pain, with low application in clinical assessment of psychophysiological basis of pain. The other ERP components mentioned here, though largely applied in normal and pathological cases and well standardized, are still confined to the research field. CNV, BP, and pN deserve to be largely tested in movement disorders, just to explain possible functional changes in motor preparation circuits subtending different clinical pictures and responses to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Tommaso
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Betti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (Santa Lucia Foundation), Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMi, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Invitto
- INSPIRE - Laboratory of Cognitive and Psychophysiological Olfactory Processes, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (Santa Lucia Foundation), Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.,Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Piccione
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Aldo Ragazzoni
- Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Fondazione PAS, Scandicci, Florence, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Sartucci
- Section of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (SI-BIN Lab), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arcara
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (Santa Lucia Foundation), Rome, Italy.,Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Delussi
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gentile
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Giovannelli
- Section of Psychology - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Mannarelli
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Mussini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Pauletti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Pisoni
- Department of Psychology & NeuroMi, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Unit of Neurology, G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Neurology Ward Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, Italy. .,Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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8
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Pitt KM, Brumberg JS, Burnison JD, Mehta J, Kidwai J. Behind the Scenes of Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: A Review of Electroencephalography Signals, How They Are Recorded, and Why They Matter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:1622-1636. [PMID: 32529035 DOI: 10.1044/2019_pers-19-00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Brain-computer interface (BCI) techniques may provide computer access for individuals with severe physical impairments. However, the relatively hidden nature of BCI control obscures how BCI systems work behind the scenes, making it difficult to understand how electroencephalography (EEG) records the BCI related brain signals, what brain signals are recorded by EEG, and why these signals are targeted for BCI control. Furthermore, in the field of speech-language-hearing, signals targeted for BCI application have been of primary interest to clinicians and researchers in the area of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, signals utilized for BCI control reflect sensory, cognitive and motor processes, which are of interest to a range of related disciplines including speech science. Method This tutorial was developed by a multidisciplinary team emphasizing primary and secondary BCI-AAC related signals of interest to speech-language-hearing. Results An overview of BCI-AAC related signals are provided discussing 1) how BCI signals are recorded via EEG, 2) what signals are targeted for non-invasive BCI control, including the P300, sensorimotor rhythms, steady state evoked potentials, contingent negative variation, and the N400, and 3) why these signals are targeted. During tutorial creation, attention was given to help support EEG and BCI understanding for those without an engineering background. Conclusion Tutorials highlighting how BCI-AAC signals are elicited and recorded can help increase interest and familiarity with EEG and BCI techniques and provide a framework for understanding key principles behind BCI-AAC design and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Pitt
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Jonathan S Brumberg
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences & Disorders, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | | | - Jyutika Mehta
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX
| | - Juhi Kidwai
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences & Disorders, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
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9
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Brooker RJ, Bates JE, Buss KA, Canen MJ, Dennis-Tiwary TA, Gatzke-Kopp LM, Hoyniak C, Klein DN, Kujawa A, Lahat A, Lamm C, Moser JS, Petersen IT, Tang A, Woltering S, Schmidt LA. Conducting Event-Related Potential (ERP) Research with Young Children: A Review of Components, Special Considerations and Recommendations for Research on Cognition and Emotion. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2019; 34:137-158. [PMID: 34024985 DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been an unprecedented increase in the number of research studies employing event-related potential (ERP) techniques to examine dynamic and rapidly-occurring neural processes with children during the preschool and early childhood years. Despite this, there has been little discussion of the methodological and procedural differences that exist for studies of young children versus older children and adults. That is, reviewers, editors, and consumers of this work often expect developmental studies to simply apply adult techniques and procedures to younger samples. Procedurally, this creates unrealistic expectations for research paradigms, data collection, and data reduction and analyses. Scientifically, this leads to inappropriate measures and methods that hinder drawing conclusions and advancing theory. Based on ERP work with preschoolers and young children from 10 laboratories across North America, we present a summary of the most common ERP components under study in the area of emotion and cognition in young children along with 13 realistic expectations for data collection and loss, laboratory procedures and paradigms, data processing, ERP averaging, and typical challenges for conducting this type of work. This work is intended to supplement previous guidelines for work with adults and offer insights to aid researchers, reviewers, and editors in the design and evaluation of developmental research using ERPs. Here we make recommendations for researchers who plan to conduct or who are conducting ERP studies in children between ages 2 and 12, focusing on studies of toddlers and preschoolers. Recommendations are based on both data and our cumulative experience and include guidelines for laboratory setup, equipment and recording settings, task design, and data processing.
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10
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Taylor BK, Gavin WJ, Grimm KJ, Prince MA, Lin MH, Davies PL. Towards a unified model of event-related potentials as phases of stimulus-to-response processing. Neuropsychologia 2019; 132:107128. [PMID: 31229538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the utility of combining principles of connectionist theory with a sophisticated statistical approach, structural equation modeling (SEM), to better understand brain-behavior relationships in studies using event-related potentials (ERPs). The models show how sequential phases of neural processing measured by averaged ERP waveform components can successfully predict task behavior (response time; RT) while accounting for individual differences in maturation and sex. The models assume that all ERP measures are affected by individual differences in physical and mental state that inflate measurement error. ERP data were collected from 154 neurotypical children (7-13 years, M = 10.22, SD = 1.48; 74 males) performing a cued Go/No-Go task during two separate sessions. Using SEM, we show a latent variable path model with good fit (e.g., χ2(51) = 56.20, p = .25; RMSEA = .03; CFI = .99; SRMR = .06) yielding moderate-to-large predictive coefficients from N1 through the E-wave latent variables (N1 β = -.29 → P2 β = -.44 → N2 β = .28 → P3 β =.64→ E-wave), which in turn significantly predicted RT (β =.34, p = .02). Age significantly related to N1 and P3 latent variables as well as RT (β =.31, -.58, & -.40 respectively), and Sex significantly related to the E-wave latent variable and RT (β =.36 & 0.21 respectively). Additionally, the final model suggested that individual differences in emotional and physical state accounted for a significant proportion of variance in ERP measurements, and that individual states systematically varied across sessions (i.e., the variance was not just random noise). These findings suggest that modeling ERPs as a system of inter-related processes may be a more informative approach to examining brain-behavior relationships in neurotypical and clinical groups than traditional analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K Taylor
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
| | - William J Gavin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
| | - Kevin J Grimm
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
| | - Mei-Heng Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
| | - Patricia L Davies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
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11
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Cognitive and motor event-related potentials in Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: A systematic review. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:1041-1057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Ludyga S, Mücke M, Kamijo K, Andrä C, Pühse U, Gerber M, Herrmann C. The Role of Motor Competences in Predicting Working Memory Maintenance and Preparatory Processing. Child Dev 2019; 91:799-813. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Taylor BK, Gavin WJ, Grimm KJ, Passantino DE, Davies PL. Modeling the interrelationships between brain activity and trait attention measures to predict individual differences in reaction times in children during a Go/No-Go task. Neuropsychologia 2018; 109:222-231. [PMID: 29253492 PMCID: PMC6390282 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers are utilizing event-related potentials (ERPs) to better understand brain-behavior relationships across development. The present study demonstrates how structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques can be used to refine descriptions of brain-behavior relationships in a sample of neurotypical children. We developed an exploratory latent variable model in which trait measures of maturation and attention are related to neural processing and task behaviors obtained during a cued Go/No-Go task. Model findings are compared to results of traditional analysis techniques such as bivariate correlations. The data suggest that more sophisticated statistical approaches are beneficial to accurately interpreting the nature of brain-behavior relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K Taylor
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - William J Gavin
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.
| | - Kevin J Grimm
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | | | - Patricia L Davies
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
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