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Bu FZ, Meng SS, Wang LY, Wu ZY, Li YT. Bifonazole caffeate: The first molecular salt of bifonazole with enhanced biopharmaceutical property based on experiments and quantum chemistry research. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124403. [PMID: 38710138 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In order to make novel breakthroughs in molecular salt studies of BCS class-IV antifungal medication bifonazole (BIF), a salification-driven strategy towards ameliorating attributes and aiding augment efficiency is raised. This strategy fully harnesses structural characters together attributes and benefits of caffeic acid (CAF) to concurrently enhance dissolvability and permeability of BIF by introducing the two ingredients into the identical molecular salt lattice through the salification reaction, which, coupled with the aroused potential activity of CAF significantly amplifies the antifungal efficacy of BIF. Guided by this route, the first BIF-organic molecular salt, BIF-CAF, is directionally designed and synthesized with satisfactorily structural characterizations and integrated theoretical and experimental explorations on the pharmaceutical properties. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction resolving confirms that there is a lipid-water amphiphilic sandwich structure constructed by robust charge-assistant hydrogen bonds in the salt crystal, endowing the molecular salt with the potential to enhance both dissolvability and permeability relative to the parent drug, which is validated by experimental evaluations. Remarkably, the comprehensive DFT-based theoretical investigations covering frontier molecular orbital, molecular electrostatic potential, Hirshfeld surface analysis, reduced density gradient, topology, sphericity and planarity analysis strongly support these observations, thereby allowing some positive relationships between macroscopic properties and microstructures of the molecular salt can be made. Intriguingly, the optimal properties, together with the stimulated activity of CAF markedly augment in vitro antifungal ability of the molecular salt, with magnifying inhibition zones and reducing minimum inhibitory concentrations. These findings fill in the gaps on researches of BIF-organic molecular salt, and adequately exemplify the feasibility and validity by integrating theoretical and experimental approaches to resolve BIF's problems via the salification-driven tactic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Zhi Bu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science, Qingdao, Shandong 266234, PR China
| | - Su-Su Meng
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Ling-Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, 266075, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science, Qingdao, Shandong 266234, PR China.
| | - Yan-Tuan Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science, Qingdao, Shandong 266234, PR China.
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2
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Torabi A, Madsen FB, Skov AL. Permeation-Enhancing Strategies for Transdermal Delivery of Cannabinoids. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:449-463. [PMID: 37751171 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements and status of clinical studies and potential permeation-enhancing strategies in the transdermal delivery of cannabinoids. Methods: A systematic and comprehensive literature search across academic databases, search engines, and online sources to identify relevant literature on the transdermal administration of cannabinoids. Results: Cannabinoids have proven beneficial in the treatment of wide-ranging physical and psychological disorders. A shift toward legalized cannabinoid products has increased both interests in cannabinoid research and the development of novel medicinal exploitations of cannabinoids in recent years. Oral and pulmonary delivery of cannabinoids has several limitations, including poor bioavailability, low solubility, and potential side effects. This has diverted scientific attention toward the transdermal route, successfully overcoming these hurdles by providing higher bioavailability, safety, and patient compliance. Yet, due to the barrier properties of the skin and the lipophilic nature of cannabinoids, there is a need to increase the permeation of the drugs to the underneath layers of skin to reach desired therapeutic plasma levels. Literature describing detailed clinical trials on cannabinoid transdermal delivery, either with or without permeation-enhancing strategies, is limited. Conclusion: The limited number of reports indicates that increased attention is needed on developing and examining efficient transdermal delivery systems for cannabinoids, including patch design and composition, drug-patch interaction, clinical effectiveness and safety in vivo, and permeation-enhancing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Torabi
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Bahrt Madsen
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Ladegaard Skov
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Brito J, Moon J, Hlushko R, Aliakseyeu A, Andrianov AK, Sukhishvili SA. Engineering Degradation Rate of Polyphosphazene-Based Layer-by-Layer Polymer Coatings. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:26. [PMID: 38391879 PMCID: PMC10889497 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Degradable layer-by-layer (LbL) polymeric coatings have distinct advantages over traditional biomedical coatings due to their precision of assembly, versatile inclusion of bioactive molecules, and conformality to the complex architectures of implantable devices. However, controlling the degradation rate while achieving biocompatibility has remained a challenge. This work employs polyphosphazenes as promising candidates for film assembly due to their inherent biocompatibility, tunability of chemical composition, and the buffering capability of degradation products. The degradation of pyrrolidone-functionalized polyphosphazenes was monitored in solution, complexes and LbL coatings (with tannic acid), providing the first to our knowledge comparison of solution-state degradation to solid-state LbL degradation. In all cases, the rate of degradation accelerated in acidic conditions. Importantly, the tunability of the degradation rate of polyphosphazene-based LbL films was achieved by varying film assembly conditions. Specifically, by slightly increasing the ionization of tannic acid (near neutral pH), we introduce electrostatic "defects" to the hydrogen-bonded pairs that accelerate film degradation. Finally, we show that replacing the pyrrolidone side group with a carboxylic acid moiety greatly reduces the degradation rate of the LbL coatings. In practical applications, these coatings have the versatility to serve as biocompatible platforms for various biomedical applications and controlled release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brito
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Junho Moon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Raman Hlushko
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Aliaksei Aliakseyeu
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
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4
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Akinbote OE, Verana G, Dandekar AA, Tijani AO, Mishra D, Puri A, Dinh S. Effects of Sodium Salts of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives on Skin Permeation of Cromolyn Sodium. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:221. [PMID: 37919402 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder with rising prevalence. The safety concerns over usually used steroids are driving the need for developing an effective atopic dermatitis treatment. The use of therapeutic agents such as cromolyn sodium (CS) is suggested. However, due to its physicochemical properties, CS permeation across the skin is a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium salts of fatty acids or their derivatives with varied carbon chain lengths as potential enhancers on the skin permeation of CS. These included sodium caprylate, salcaprozate sodium, sodium decanoate, sodium palmitate, and sodium oleate dissolved in propylene glycol along with CS (4% w/w). In vitro permeation of the formulations across the dermatomed porcine ear skin was investigated over 24 h using Franz Diffusion cells. The amount of CS permeation from propylene glycol was 5.54 ± 1.06 µg/cm2 after 24 h. Initial screening of enhancers (enhancer: drug::1:1) showed enhancement in permeation of CS using sodium oleate and sodium caprylate, which were then investigated in higher ratio of drug: enhancer (1:2). Among all the formulations tested, sodium oleate (enhancer: drug::1:2) was observed to significantly (p < 0.05) enhance the permeation of CS with the highest total delivery of 359.79 ± 78.92 µg/cm2 across skin in 24 h and higher drug retention in the skin layers (153.0 ± 24.93 µg/cm2) as well. Overall, sodium oleate was found to be the most effective enhancer followed by sodium caprylate for improving the topical delivery of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olasunkanmi Evelyn Akinbote
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gabrielle Verana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amruta A Dandekar
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Dhruv Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Steven Dinh
- College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Wawrzyńczak A, Nowak I, Woźniak N, Chudzińska J, Feliczak-Guzik A. Synthesis and Characterization of Hierarchical Zeolites Modified with Polysaccharides and Its Potential Role as a Platform for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020535. [PMID: 36839857 PMCID: PMC9968069 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical zeolites are aluminosilicates with a crystal structure, which next to the micropores possess secondary porosity in the range of mesopores and/or small macropores. Due to their ordered structure and additional secondary porosity, they have aroused great interest among scientists in recent years. Therefore, the present work concerns the synthesis and characterization of hierarchical zeolites with secondary mesoporosity, based on commercial zeolites such as MFI (ZSM-5), BEA (β) and FAU (Y), and modified with polysaccharides such as inulin, hyaluronic acid, and heparin. All materials were characterized by various analytical techniques and applied as a platform for delivery of selected drug molecules. On the basis of X-ray diffraction (presence of reflections in the 2θ angle range of 1.5-2.5°) and low-temperature nitrogen sorption isotherms (mixture of isotherms of I and IV type) additional secondary porosity was found in the mesopore range. Additional tests were also conducted to determine the possibility of loading selected molecules with biological activity into the aforementioned materials and then releasing them in the therapeutic process. Molecules with different therapeutic options were selected for testing, namely ibuprofen, curcumin, and ferulic acid with anti-inflammatory, potentially anticancer, antioxidant, and skin discoloration activities, respectively. Preliminary studies have confirmed the possibility of using hierarchical zeolites as potential carriers for bioactive molecules, as the loading percentage of active substances ranged from 39-79% and cumulative release for ibuprofen reached almost 100% after 8 h of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wawrzyńczak
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (A.F.-G.); Tel.: +48-61-829-1749 (A.W.); +48-61-829-1747 (A.F.-G)
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6
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Kumar B, Pandey M, Aggarwal R, Sahoo PK. A comprehensive review on invasomal carriers incorporating natural terpenes for augmented transdermal delivery. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Transdermal drug delivery is one of the most widely used drug administration routes, which offer several advantages over other routes of drug delivery. The apical layer of the skin called the stratum corneum is the most dominant obstacle in the transdermal drug delivery, which restricts the passage of drugs across the skin. Considerable strategies have been applied to enhance the rate of permeation across the epithelial cells; however, the most widely used strategy is the use of sorption boosters, also known as permeation enhancers.
Main body
Terpenes were considered as efficient skin permeation enhancers and are generally recognized as safe as per Food and Drug Administration. Terpenes improve the permeability of drugs either by destructing the stratum corneum’s tightly packed lipid framework, excessive diffusivity of drug in cell membrane or by rampant drug partitioning into epithelial cells. Various vesicular systems have been developed and utilized for the transdermal delivery of many drugs. Invasomes are one such novel vesicular system developed which are composed of phospholipids, ethanol and terpenes. The combined presence of ethanol and terpenes provides exceptional flexibility to the vesicles and improves the permeation across the barrier offered due to the stratum corneum as both ethanol and terpenes act as permeation enhancers. Therefore, utilization of invasomes as carriers to facilitate higher rate of drug permeation through the skin can be a very useful approach to improve transdermal drug delivery of a drug.
Conclusion
The paper focuses on a broad updated view of terpenes as effective permeation enhancers and invasomes along with their applications in the pharmaceutical formulations.
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Haghighat F, Arjomand S, Ghasemi S, Afkhami E, Montaseri H, Motealleh A. Effects of phonophoresis of Aloe vera gel and ultrasound on knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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8
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Bruno MC, Gagliardi A, Mancuso A, Barone A, Tarsitano M, Cosco D, Cristiano MC, Fresta M, Paolino D. Oleic acid-based vesicular nanocarriers for topical delivery of the natural drug thymoquinone: Improvement of anti-inflammatory activity. J Control Release 2022; 352:74-86. [PMID: 36228953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The topical administration of a drug compound remains the first choice for the treatment of many local skin ailments. Many skin diseases can be treated by applying the active formulation directly to the skin, but unfortunately some drugs are unable to overcome the stratum corneum and exert their pharmacological action. An example is thymoquinone, a naturally derived drug obtained from Nigella sativa L. and potentially effective in the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative skin conditions. Since its physico-chemical properties are not suitable for overcoming the stratum corneum, we wanted to circumvent the problem by proposing new lipid-based nanovesicles called "oleoethosomes", made up of naturally derived ingredients, for its delivery. Among several formulations of oleoethosomes, the sample made up of 2% (w/w) oleic acid:PL90G 1:1 (molar ratio), and ethanol 15% showed the best physico-chemical characteristics and above all it showed the capacity to contain a suitable amount of thymoquinone (2 mg/ml). The formulation was tested in vitro on stratum corneum and viable epidermis membranes confirming its ability to induce the passage of thymoquinone through the human stratum corneum and to act as a permeation enhancer. In fact, it showed thymoquinone permeation values of 22.63 ± 1.49% regarding the applied drug amount. Oleoethosomes were compared with oleosomes, another kind of naturally derived nanosystems but free of ethanol. The experimental data confirmed that ethanol was an important component that enhanced the activity of the oleoethosomes when tested on the skin of healthy volunteers. The thymoquinone-loaded oleoethosome treatment demonstrated a significantly greater extent of anti-inflammatory activity than the treatment with thymoquinone-loaded oleosomes or the conventional dosage form of the drug. These in vivo results confirmed the synergic effect between oleic acid and ethanol on the lipid and protein compartments of the outermost skin layer, thus promoting a greater penetration capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Bruno
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta"- Building of BioSciences, Viale Europa, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy
| | - Agnese Gagliardi
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta"- Building of BioSciences, Viale Europa, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta"- Building of BioSciences, Viale Europa, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy
| | - Antonella Barone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta"- Building of BioSciences, Viale Europa, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy
| | - Martine Tarsitano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta"- Building of BioSciences, Viale Europa, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy
| | - Donato Cosco
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta"- Building of BioSciences, Viale Europa, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta"- Building of BioSciences, Viale Europa, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy.
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta"- Building of BioSciences, Viale Europa, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy.
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta"- Building of BioSciences, Viale Europa, Catanzaro I-88100, Italy.
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Radbruch M, Pischon H, Du F, Haag R, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Mundhenk L, Gruber AD. Biodegradable core-multishell nanocarrier: Topical tacrolimus delivery for treatment of dermatitis. J Control Release 2022; 349:917-928. [PMID: 35905785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Two challenges in topical drug delivery to the skin include solubilizing hydrophobic drugs in water-based formulations and increasing drug penetration into the skin. Polymeric core-multishell nanocarrier (CMS), particularly the novel biodegradable CMS (bCMS = hPG-PCL1.1K-mPEG2k-CMS) have shown both advantages on excised skin ex vivo. Here, we investigated topical delivery of tacrolimus (TAC; > 500 g/mol) by bCMS in a hydrogel on an oxazolone-induced model of dermatitis in vivo. As expected, bCMS successfully delivered TAC into the skin. However, in vivo they did not increase, but decrease TAC penetration through the stratum corneum compared to ointment. Differences in the resulting mean concentrations were mostly non-significant in the skin (epidermis: 35.7 ± 20.9 ng/cm2 for bCMS vs. 92.6 ± 62.7 ng/cm2 for ointment; dermis: 76.8 ± 26.8 ng/cm2vs 118.2 ± 50.4 ng/cm2), but highly significant in blood (plasma: 1.1 ± 0.4 ng/ml vs 11.3 ± 9.3 ng/ml; erythrocytes: 0.5 ± 0.2 ng/ml vs 3.4 ± 2.4 ng/ml) and liver (0.01 ± 0.01 ng/mg vs 0.03 ± 0.01 ng/mg). bCMS were detected in the stratum corneum but not in viable skin or beyond. The therapeutic efficacy of TAC delivered by bCMS was equivalent to that of standard TAC ointment. Our results suggest that bCMS may be a promising carrier for the topical delivery of TAC. The quantitative difference to previous results should be interpreted in light of structural differences between murine and human skin, but highlights the need as well as potential methods to develop more a complex ex vivo analysis on human skin to ensure quantitative predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Radbruch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Pischon
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fang Du
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department for Nutritional Toxicology, Universität Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department for Nutritional Toxicology, Universität Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Mundhenk
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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McGuckin MB, Wang J, Ghanma R, Qin N, Palma SD, Donnelly RF, Paredes AJ. Nanocrystals as a master key to deliver hydrophobic drugs via multiple administration routes. J Control Release 2022; 345:334-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Junaid MSA, Tijani AO, Puri A, Banga AK. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies of cannabidiol using human skin: Exploring the effect of drug concentration, chemical enhancers, and essential oils. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121540. [PMID: 35124116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive constituent of cannabis, has garnered much attention after United States Food and Drug Administration approved Epidiolex® for oral use. Although therapeutic effect of cannabidiol after systemic absorption has been investigated extensively, its therapeutic potential in treating skin disorders after local delivery still needs further exploration. Our study has investigated the effect of cannabidiol concentration, chemical enhancers, and essential oils on percutaneous absorption of cannabidiol. In vitro permeation tests were conducted on human skin. The 24 h study results suggest no significant difference in amount of drug absorbed into skin, between 5% (242.41 ± 12.17 µg/cm2) and 10% (232.79 ± 20.82 cm2) cannabidiol solutions. However, 1% delivered (23.02 ± 4.74 µg/cm2) significantly lower amount of drug into skin than 5% and 10%. Transcutol and isopropyl myristate did not enhance delivery of cannabidiol. However, oleic acid was found to be useful as chemical enhancer. Oleic acid (43.07 ± 10.11 µg/cm2) had significantly higher cannabidiol delivery into skin than the group without oleic acid (10.98 ± 3.40 µg/cm2) after a 4 h in vitro permeation study. Essential oils at concentrations tested had lower total cannabidiol delivery when compared to control. This study's findings will help guide future research on the pharmacological effect of percutaneously delivered cannabidiol on inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shajid Ashraf Junaid
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Ajay K Banga
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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12
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Tortajada L, Felip C, Vicent MJ. Polymer-based Non-viral Vectors for Gene Therapy in the Skin. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has emerged as a versatile technique with the potential to treat a range of human diseases; however, examples of the topical application of gene therapy as a treatment...
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13
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Akram MW, Jamshaid H, Rehman FU, Zaeem M, Khan JZ, Zeb A. Transfersomes: a Revolutionary Nanosystem for Efficient Transdermal Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:7. [PMID: 34853906 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal delivery system has gained significance in drug delivery owing to its advantages over the conventional delivery systems. However, the barriers of stratum corneum along with skin irritation are its major limitations. Various physical and chemical techniques have been employed to alleviate these impediments. Among all these, transfersomes have shown potential for overcoming the associated limitations and successfully delivering therapeutic agents into systemic circulation. These amphipathic vesicles are composed of phospholipids and edge activators. Along with providing elasticity, edge activator also affects the vesicular size and entrapment efficiency of transfersomes. The mechanism behind the enhanced permeation of transfersomes through the skin involves their deformability and osmotic gradient across the application site. Permeation enhancers can further enhance their permeability. Biocompatibility; capacity for carrying hydrophilic, lipophilic as well as high molecular weight therapeutics; deformability; lesser toxicity; enhanced permeability; and scalability along with potential for surface modification, active targeting, and controlled release render them ideal designs for efficient drug delivery. The current review provides a brief account of the discovery, advantages, composition, synthesis, comparison with other cutaneous nano-drug delivery systems, applications, and recent developments in this area.
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Mwangi AN, Njogu PM, Maru SM, Njuguna NM, Njaria PM, Kiriiri GK, Mathenge AW. Meloxicam emulgels for topical management of rheumatism: Formulation development, in vitro and in vivo characterization. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:351-360. [PMID: 33994830 PMCID: PMC8093581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study designed, formulated and evaluated meloxicam emulgels as a potential alternative topical treatment option for rheumatism. Methods A 32 factorial design was employed to formulate nine preliminary meloxicam emulgels (Formulations F1 - F9). The influences of carbopol-934 and menthol as gelling agent and drug release enhancer, respectively, were correlated with four pharmaceutical properties of the formulated emulgels namely viscosity, spreadability, and cumulative drug release at one hour and at eight hours. Using the generated data and applying the Design Expert® modelling software, two optimized meloxicam emulgels (Formulations F10 and F11) were designed, formulated and evaluated. In vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy was conducted using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema method. Drug release kinetics was modelled using DDSolver® dissolution software. Results All formulations were homogenous with no observable grittiness or phase separation. The optimized Formulations F10 and F11 had pH 6.5 and 6.4, viscosity of 23656 and 24524 mPa.s, spreadability of 9.9 and 9.5 cm, and drug content of 90.4% and 92.9%, respectively, all within optimal values. The cumulative percentage of drug released was 21.0% and 22.9% after one hour and 50.1% and 55.8% after eight hours for Formulations F10 and F11, respectively. Drug release kinetics exhibited Fickian diffusion best described by Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Paw volume inhibition by Formulation F11 at two and three hours after carrageenan injection was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion The optimized meloxicam emulgels had high pharmaceutical quality and were pharmacologically active. Further optimization could potentially provide a safe and efficacious alternative treatment option for rheumatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex N. Mwangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
- Corresponding author.
| | - Peter M. Njogu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shital M. Maru
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nicholas M. Njuguna
- National Quality Control Laboratory for Drugs and Medical Devices, P.O. Box 29726-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul M. Njaria
- National Quality Control Laboratory for Drugs and Medical Devices, P.O. Box 29726-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey K. Kiriiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Agnes W. Mathenge
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya
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15
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Matsoukas J, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A, Moore G, Kelaidonis K, Moschovou K, Mavromoustakos T. From Angiotensin II to Cyclic Peptides and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs): Perspectives of ARBs in COVID-19 Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030618. [PMID: 33504092 PMCID: PMC7865783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The octapeptide hormone angiotensin II is one of the most studied peptides with the aim of designing and synthesizing non-peptide mimetics for oral administration. To achieve this, cyclizations at different positions within the peptide molecule has been a useful strategy to define the active conformation. These studies on angiotensin II led to the discovery of Sarmesin, a type II angiotensin II antagonist, and the breakthrough non-peptide mimetic Losartan, the first in a series of sartans marketed as a new generation of anti-hypertensive drugs in the 1990s. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBS) and angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) were recently reported to protect hypertensive patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors reduce excess angiotensin II and increase antagonist heptapeptides alamandine and aspamandine which counterbalance angiotensin II and maintain homeostasis and vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Matsoukas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- NewDrug, P.C., Patras Science Park, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610-911-546(5)
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Graham Moore
- Pepmetics Inc., 772 Murphy Place, Victoria, BC V8Y 3H4, Canada;
| | | | - Kalliopi Moschovou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zographou, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.M.); (T.M.)
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16
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Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Delivery of Insulin via Skin Route for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Approaches for Breaching the Obstacles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010100. [PMID: 33466845 PMCID: PMC7830404 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by hyperglycemia. Subcutaneous injections are the standard mode of delivery for insulin therapy; however, this procedure is very often invasive, which hinders patient compliance, particularly for individuals requiring insulin doses four times a day. Furthermore, cases have been reported of sudden hypoglycemia occurrences following multidose insulin injections. Such an invasive and intensive approach motivates the quest for alternative, more user-friendly insulin administration approaches. For example, transdermal delivery has numerous advantages, such as prolonged drug release, low variability in the drug plasma level, and improved patient compliance. In this paper, the authors summarize different approaches used in transdermal insulin delivery, including microneedles, chemical permeation enhancers, sonophoresis, patches, electroporation, iontophoresis, vesicular formulations, microemulsions, nanoparticles, and microdermabrasion. Transdermal systems for insulin delivery are still being widely researched. The conclusions presented in this paper are extracted from the literature, notably, that the transdermal route could effectively and reliably deliver insulin into the circulatory system. Consistent progress in this area will ensure that some of the aforementioned transdermal insulin delivery systems will be introduced in clinical practice and commercially available in the near future.
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17
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Tambunlertchai S, Geary SM, Salem AK. Skin Penetration Enhancement Strategies Used in the Development of Melanoma Topical Treatments. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:19. [PMID: 33404992 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer for which there is currently no reliable therapy and is considered one of the leading health issues in the USA. At present, surgery is the most effective and acceptable treatment; however, surgical excision can be impractical in certain circumstances. Topical skin delivery of drugs using topical formulations is a potential alternative approach which can have many advantages aside from being a non-invasive delivery route. Nevertheless, the presence of the stratum corneum (SC) limits the penetration of drugs through the skin, lowering their treatment efficacy and raising concerns among physicians and patients as to their effectiveness. Currently, research groups are trying to circumvent the SC barrier by using skin penetration enhancement (SPE) strategies. The SPE strategies investigated include chemical skin penetration enhancers (CPEs), physical skin penetration enhancers (PPEs), nanocarrier systems, and a combination of SPE strategies (cream). Of these, PPEs and cream are the most advanced approaches in terms of preclinical and clinical studies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreeda Tambunlertchai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Sean M Geary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.
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18
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Kassem AA, Abd El-Alim SH. Vesicular Nanocarriers: A Potential Platform for Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery. NANOPHARMACEUTICALS: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS VOL. 2 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44921-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Richard C, Cassel S, Blanzat M. Vesicular systems for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. RSC Adv 2020; 11:442-451. [PMID: 35423006 PMCID: PMC8691109 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09561c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal/transdermal drug delivery continues to grow in importance as a means of enhancing treatment activity while reducing toxicity by avoiding the systemic absorption of the drug. At the same time, this has led to the adjustment of a wide diversity of drug carriers. This paper begins with a review of the skin, including its structure and the parameters that influence drug diffusion, followed by strategies to improve dermal drug delivery. Of the multitude of existing carriers, we will focus on the most advanced vectors in dermal/transdermal delivery, and in particular, on vesicular systems. This review will present the state of the art as well as the new trends in this domain. Through the description of these systems, we will try to obtain information on the ideal properties that the carrier must have in order to improve the cutaneous and transcutaneous penetration of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Richard
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Stéphanie Cassel
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Muriel Blanzat
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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20
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Rawooth M, Qureshi D, Hoque M, Prasad MPJG, Mohanty B, Alam MA, Anis A, Sarkar P, Pal K. Synthesis and characterization of novel tamarind gum and rice bran oil-based emulgels for the ocular delivery of antibiotics. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1608-1620. [PMID: 32763397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed tamarind gum (TG) and rice bran oil (RBO)-based emulgels. The control formulation (TR0), did not contain RBO. The emulgels were named as TR1, TR2, TR3, and TR4, which contained 5% (w/w), 10% (w/w), 15% (w/w), and 20% (w/w/) of RBO, respectively. The microscopic studies showed that the emulgels were biphasic in nature. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the reduction in the hydrogen bonding with an increase in the RBO content. Impedance profiles suggested that the resistive component of the emulgels was increased as the RBO content was increased. The thermal analysis suggested that the addition of RBO reduced the water holding capacity of the emulgels. Stress relaxation studies revealed that the fluidic component was considerably higher in TG/RBO-based emulgels as compared to TR0. In vitro release study of the model drug (ciprofloxacin HCl; a hydrochloride salt of ciprofloxacin) suggested a significantly lower release from the emulgel matrices (TR1-TR4) in comparison to TR0. However, ex vivo corneal permeation of the drug increased with an increase in the RBO content. Since the emulgels were able to improve the corneal permeation of the model drug, the emulgels can be explored to deliver drugs to the internal structures of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Rawooth
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Dilshad Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Monjurul Hoque
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | | | | | - Mohammad Asif Alam
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arfat Anis
- SABIC Polymer Research Center (SPRC), Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Preetam Sarkar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
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21
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Kamal NS, Alayoubi A, Elfakhri KH, Ibrahim S, Seggel M, Ashraf M, Zidan A. Effects of formulation variables on the in vitro performance of testosterone transdermal gel. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119951. [PMID: 33035607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The variation in the critical formulation variables during life-cycle of the drug product may result in undesirable changes in product performance. The current study aimed at evaluating the effects of formulation variables on the in vitro performance of carbopol-loaded testosterone gel. The formulation variables included concentrations of permeation enhancers, testosterone, ethanol, carbopol and sodium hydroxide. In vitro evaluation of the product performance included assessment of the rheological and morphological properties, kinetics of ethanol evaporation, and drug permeation through human cadaver skin. The results revealed that carbopol, sodium hydroxide and testosterone concentrations increased the viscosity of the gels significantly (p < 0.05). However, carbopol concentration was the only critical variable to affect the yield stress of the gel. The concentration of ethanol was critical to metamorphosis of the gel due to solvent evaporation upon application to skin with minor contributions from other formulation variables. The increase in concentration of isopropyl myristate or isopropyl palmitate to 5%, ethanol to 70%, and testosterone to 2%, enhanced the testosterone permeation across the skin by ten-folds. Synergistic effects of ethanol and permeation enhancers on testosterone permeation was observed. In conclusion, strict control over the critical formulation variables should be exercised during manufacturing to ensure desired product performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid S Kamal
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Alaadin Alayoubi
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Khaled H Elfakhri
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Ibrahim
- Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Mark Seggel
- Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed Zidan
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA.
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22
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Arshad MS, Fatima S, Nazari K, Ali R, Farhan M, Muhammad SA, Abbas N, Hussain A, Kucuk I, Chang MW, Mehta P, Ahmad Z. Engineering and characterisation of BCG-loaded polymeric microneedles. J Drug Target 2020; 28:525-532. [PMID: 31718314 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1693577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fabricate Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-loaded microneedle patches using micromould casting technique and compare their efficacy with the injectable counterparts. The microneedle patches were formulated using sodium alginate (10% w/v) and trehalose (20% of polymer). The patches were characterised using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and folding endurance. Serum IgG, TLC, granulocyte count, lymphocyte count and CRP were assessed and results were compared to that of intradermal injections alongside controls. The results showed that polymeric patches had a thickness of 0.8 mm, microneedle projections of 272 ± 12 µm and folding endurance of more than 300. Based on haematological and IgG ELISA assays, microneedle-based BCG administration significantly activated the immune cells and induced production of lymphocytes, granulocytes and peptide-specific IgG in immunised rats that were comparable to injectable counterparts. There was an increase in IgG antibodies from 3 g/L to 5.98 g/L and an increase in leucocytes from 2.6 × 109/L to 18.45 × 109/L. There was also an increase in granulocytes from 14.4% to 29.15% and lymphocyte count from 58.75% to 85.3%. It was concluded that BCG-coated polymeric microneedle patches are suitable for the transdermal delivery of vaccine without inducing discomfort usually observed with injections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameen Fatima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Kazem Nazari
- The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Radeyah Ali
- The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Muhammad Farhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aun Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Abbas
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Israfil Kucuk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Prina Mehta
- The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Bashyal S, Shin CY, Hyun SM, Jang SW, Lee S. Preparation, Characterization, and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Blended Hydrogels for Transdermal Delivery of Donepezil HCl. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030270. [PMID: 32188083 PMCID: PMC7151237 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal delivery systems are emerging platforms for the delivery of donepezil hydrochloride (DH) for treating Alzheimer's disease. The primary aim of this study was to develop polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone blended hydrogels and to evaluate their feasibility for delivering DH via a transdermal route. Physicochemical properties, such as gel fraction (%), swelling ratio (%), weight loss (%), mechanical strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus of the prepared hydrogels were evaluated. Furthermore, in vitro skin permeation and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were performed. With an increased concentration of propylene glycol (PG), the gel fraction (%), maximum strength, and elongation at break decreased. However, the swelling ratio (%) and weight loss (%) of hydrogels increased with increased PG content. The 26% PG-hydrogel was superior, with an enhancement ratio of 12.9 (*** p < 0.001). In addition, the 11% PG-hydrogel and 1% PG-hydrogel exhibited an enhancement ratio 6.30-fold (*** p < 0.001) and 2.85-fold (* p < 0.05) higher than that exhibited by control, respectively, indicating a promising effect of PG on skin permeation. In addition, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies on hairless rats assessed the expediency for transdermal delivery of DH. The transdermal delivery of optimized hydrogel-patches with two different doses of DH revealed that the maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve were dose dependent, and the time to reach the maximum concentration was 8 h. Thus, optimized hydrogels have the potential to enhance the transdermal delivery of DH and could be a novel clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bashyal
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Chang Yell Shin
- Research Institute of Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Yongin 17073, Korea; (C.Y.S.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Sang Min Hyun
- Research Institute of Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Yongin 17073, Korea; (C.Y.S.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Sun Woo Jang
- Research Institute of Dong-A ST Co. Ltd., Yongin 17073, Korea; (C.Y.S.); (S.M.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.J.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-31-280-1324 (S.W.J.); +82-53-580-6655 (S.L.); Fax: +82-31-282-8564 (S.W.J.); +82-53-580-5164 (S.L.)
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.W.J.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-31-280-1324 (S.W.J.); +82-53-580-6655 (S.L.); Fax: +82-31-282-8564 (S.W.J.); +82-53-580-5164 (S.L.)
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Mohammad Soleymani S, Salimi A. Enhancement of Dermal Delivery of Finasteride Using Microemulsion Systems. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:584-592. [PMID: 31857962 PMCID: PMC6912190 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Finasteride is a pharmaceutical agent that treats hair loss and acne with hormonal patterns. Due to its poor water solubility, and the smaller surface area in comparison to total skin surface area, penetration of the drug into hair follicles and skin is low. The aim of this research was to formulate, characterize and evaluate in vitro skin permeability of finasteride microemulsions (MEs). Methods: Finasteride MEs were prepared using a pseudo-ternary phase diagram method with an appropriate ratio of oil mixture, surfactant-co-surfactant mixture and water. MEs containing 1% finasteride were prepared with a suitable amount of oily phase and surfactant and cosurfactant. The physicochemical properties of these MEs and in vitro skin permeability of MEs were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the mean droplet size range of ME samples was 5-17 nm and pH was 5.1-5.7. The viscosity of MEs ranged from 86.4-209.6 cps. The drug release profile showed that 49.510% of the drug was released (ME-F-6) over the 24 hours of the experiment. The kinetics of drug release from all selected MEs were approximately described by Higuchi and first-order modeling. All ME formulations with different compositions and properties significantly increased flux and permeability coefficient from rat skin. The selected MEs exhibit 99.9% finasteride after six months of storage. Conclusion: This study showed that any change in the content and composition of MEs could change the physical and chemical properties in addition to ME permeability parameters. The MEs increased permeability of the skin to finasteride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammad Soleymani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anayatollah Salimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ammar HO, Tadros MI, Salama NM, Ghoneim AM. Therapeutic Strategies for Erectile Dysfunction With Emphasis on Recent Approaches in Nanomedicine. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 19:11-24. [PMID: 31567099 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2941550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review addressed erectile dysfunction, regarding pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. The line of treatment includes phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors and other types of therapy like topical and stem-cell transplant. Scientific literature was assessed to investigate the impact of nanotechnology on erectile dysfunction therapy. Various nanotechnology approaches were applied, like vesicular systems, lipid-based carriers, nanocrystals, dendrimers, liquid crystalline systems and nanoemulsions. Smart nano-systems can alter the landscape of the modern pharmaceutical industry by re- investigation of pharmaceutically suboptimal but biologically active entities for treatment of erectile dysfunction which were previously considered undeveloped.
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26
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Alrbyawi H, Poudel I, Dash RP, Srinivas NR, Tiwari AK, Arnold RD, Babu RJ. Role of Ceramides in Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:287. [PMID: 31410612 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides belong to the sphingolipid group of lipids, which serve as both intracellular and intercellular messengers and as regulatory molecules that play essential roles in signal transduction, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer cell degeneration. Ceramides also play an important structural role in cell membranes by increasing their rigidity, creating micro-domains (rafts and caveolae), and altering membrane permeability; all these events are involved in the cell signaling. Ceramides constitute approximately half of the lipid composition in the human skin contributing to barrier function as well as epidermal signaling as they affect both proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes. Incorporation of ceramides in topical preparations as functional lipids appears to alter skin barrier functions. Ceramides also appear to enhance the bioavailability of drugs by acting as lipid delivery systems. They appear to regulate the ocular inflammation signaling, and external ceramides have shown relief in the anterior and posterior eye disorders. Ceramides play a structural role in liposome formulations and enhance the cellular uptake of amphiphilic drugs, such as chemotherapies. This review presents an overview of the various biological functions of ceramides, and their utility in topical, oral, ocular, and chemotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Jain S, Khare P, Date T, Katiyar SS, Kushwah V, Katariya MK, Swami R. Mechanistic insights into high permeation vesicle-mediated synergistic enhancement of transdermal drug permeation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2227-2241. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To design a nanocarrier platform for enhanced transdermal drug permeation. Materials & methods: Gel-based high permeation vesicles (HPVs) were developed and their performance in terms of transdermal flux improvement, in vitro release and skin irritancy was assessed. The mechanistic insights of permeation enhancement were explored using confocal laser scanning microscopy, ATR-FTIR, DSC and P31 NMR. Results: HPVs exhibited as vesicles with uniform size (∼150 nm), extended drug-release profile (∼48 h) and improved transdermal flux. HPVs were also nontoxic and nonirritant to skin. Enhanced vesicle deformability, improved vesicle membrane fluidity and synergistic permeation enhancement action of synergistic combination of permeation enhancer components was found to be responsible for HPV-mediated permeation enhancement. Conclusion: Overall, the study established that HPVs demonstrate a promising therapeutic advantage over conventional transdermal drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyog Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Pragati Khare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Tushar Date
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sameer S Katiyar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mahesh K Katariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Rajan Swami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
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Combination with l-Menthol Enhances Transdermal Penetration of Indomethacin Solid Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153644. [PMID: 31349657 PMCID: PMC6695644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study designed the transdermal formulations containing indomethacin (IMC)—1% IMC was crushed with 0.5% methylcellulose and 5% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin by the bead mill method, and the milled IMC was gelled with or without 2% l-menthol (a permeation enhancer) by Carbopol® 934 (without menthol, N-IMC gel; with menthol, N-IMC/MT gel). In addition, the drug release, skin penetration and percutaneous absorption of the N-IMC/MT gel were investigated. The particle sizes of N-IMC gel were approximately 50–200 nm, and the combination with l-menthol did not affect the particle characterization of the transdermal formulations. In an in vitro experiment using a Franz diffusion cell, the skin penetration in N-IMC/MT gel was enhanced than the N-IMC gel, and the percutaneous absorption (AUC) from the N-IMC/MT gel was 2-fold higher than the N-IMC gel. On the other hand, the skin penetration from the N-IMC/MT gel was remarkably attenuated at a 4 °C condition, a temperature that inhibits all energy-dependent endocytosis. In conclusion, this study designed transdermal formulations containing IMC solid nanoparticles and l-menthol, and found that the combination with l-menthol enhanced the skin penetration of the IMC solid nanoparticles. In addition, the energy-dependency of the skin penetration of IMC solid nanoparticles was demonstrated. These findings suggest the utility of a transdermal drug delivery system to provide the easy application of solid nanoparticles (SNPs).
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Talaat SM, Elnaggar YSR, Abdalla OY. Lecithin Microemulsion Lipogels Versus Conventional Gels for Skin Targeting of Terconazole: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Investigation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:161. [PMID: 30969396 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical treatment of fungal infections has several superiorities over oral treatment. However, the greatest challenge for dermal delivery is the stratum corneum which is considered an effective barrier for penetration of most antifungal drugs into deeper skin layers. Terconazole (Tr), which is the first marketed triazole antifungal, was reported to be one of the most active azoles against vaginal candidiasis. Nevertheless, our work group is the first to investigate the potential of Tr in the treatment of skin mycosis via integration into lecithin microemulsion-based lipogels (LMBGs). The microemulsion regions of the investigated systems were detected through ternary phase diagrams. The in vitro characterization studies revealed promising physicochemical merits for the selected LMBGs as well as satisfactory in vitro antifungal activity. The current research work was endeavored to investigate the potential of such novel Tr-loaded LMBGs in comparison with conventional gels. Ex vivo permeation and retention studies in addition to in vivo deposition study showed a significant improvement in the permeability of Tr through animal skin from LMBGs compared to other conventional gels. Furthermore, the optimized microemulsion lipogel proved to be safe and a nonirritant to experimental animals through the acute sensitivity study and histological skin examination. Overall, lecithin-based microemulsion lipogels of different composition confirmed their potential as interesting nanocarriers for skin delivery of terconazole compared to current therapy.
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de Matos SP, Teixeira HF, de Lima ÁAN, Veiga-Junior VF, Koester LS. Essential Oils and Isolated Terpenes in Nanosystems Designed for Topical Administration: A Review. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040138. [PMID: 30959802 PMCID: PMC6523335 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are natural products with a complex composition. Terpenes are the most common class of chemical compounds present in essential oils. Terpenes and the essential oils containing them are widely used and investigated by their pharmacological properties and permeation-enhancing ability. However, many terpenes and essential oils are sensitive to environmental conditions, undergoing volatilization and chemical degradation. In order to overcome the chemical instability of some isolated terpenes and essential oils, the encapsulation of these compounds in nanostructured systems (polymeric, lipidic, or molecular complexes) has been employed. In addition, nanoencapsulation can be of interest for pharmaceutical applications due to its capacity to improve the bioavailability and allow the controlled release of drugs. Topical drug administration is a convenient and non-invasive administration route for both local and systemic drug delivery. The present review focuses on describing the current status of research concerning nanostructured delivery systems containing isolated terpenes and/or essential oils designed for topical administration and on discussing the use of terpenes and essential oils either for their biological activities or as permeation enhancers in pharmaceutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila P de Matos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Helder F Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Ádley A N de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Cordeiro de Farias, s/n, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Valdir F Veiga-Junior
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil.
| | - Letícia S Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil.
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Patel KK, Gade S, Anjum MM, Singh SK, Maiti P, Agrawal AK, Singh S. Effect of penetration enhancers and amorphization on transdermal permeation flux of raloxifene-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles: an ex vivo study on human skin. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Rodríguez-López L, Shokry DS, Cruz JM, Moldes AB, Waters LJ. The effect of the presence of biosurfactant on the permeation of pharmaceutical compounds through silicone membrane. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 176:456-461. [PMID: 30682618 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The permeation of ten model drugs through silicone membrane was analysed to investigate the effect of the presence of a biosurfactant obtained from corn steep liquor. The ten selected pharmaceutical compounds were chosen to include a diverse range of physicochemical properties, such as variable hydrophobicities, pKa's, molecular masses and degrees of ionisation. When compared with compound permeation alone, the additional inclusion of biosurfactant in the donor phase altered the rate and extent of permeation. It significantly enhanced permeation for five of the compounds, whereas it decreased permeation for four of the compounds and remained approximately the same for the tenth compound. These effects were observed at both biosurfactant concentrations considered, namely 0.005 mg/mL, i.e. below the critical micellar concentration (CMC) and 0.500 mg/mL, i.e. above the CMC of the biosurfactant. Upon analysing permeation change with respect to physicochemical properties of the compounds, it was determined that compounds with a relative molecular mass below 200 resulted in an increase in permeation with biosurfactant present, and those above 200 resulted in a decrease in permeation with biosurfactant present. This effect was therefore attributed to the formation of a drug-biosurfactant interaction that enhanced permeation of smaller compounds, yet retarded permeation for those with a higher molecular mass. These in vitro findings can be considered an indication of potential novel formulation options that incorporate biosurfactant to create transdermal products that have bespoke permeation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rodríguez-López
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK; School of Industrial Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo-Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Dina S Shokry
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Medway Centre for Formulation Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jose M Cruz
- School of Industrial Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo-Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ana B Moldes
- School of Industrial Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo-Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Laura J Waters
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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Peterson B, Weyers M, Steenekamp JH, Steyn JD, Gouws C, Hamman JH. Drug Bioavailability Enhancing Agents of Natural Origin (Bioenhancers) that Modulate Drug Membrane Permeation and Pre-Systemic Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11010033. [PMID: 30654429 PMCID: PMC6359194 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many new chemical entities are discovered with high therapeutic potential, however, many of these compounds exhibit unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties due to poor solubility and/or poor membrane permeation characteristics. The latter is mainly due to the lipid-like barrier imposed by epithelial mucosal layers, which have to be crossed by drug molecules in order to exert a therapeutic effect. Another barrier is the pre-systemic metabolic degradation of drug molecules, mainly by cytochrome P450 enzymes located in the intestinal enterocytes and liver hepatocytes. Although the nasal, buccal and pulmonary routes of administration avoid the first-pass effect, they are still dependent on absorption of drug molecules across the mucosal surfaces to achieve systemic drug delivery. Bioenhancers (drug absorption enhancers of natural origin) have been identified that can increase the quantity of unchanged drug that appears in the systemic blood circulation by means of modulating membrane permeation and/or pre-systemic metabolism. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of natural bioenhancers and their main mechanisms of action for the nasal, buccal, pulmonary and oral routes of drug administration. Poorly bioavailable drugs such as large, hydrophilic therapeutics are often administered by injections. Bioenhancers may potentially be used to benefit patients by making systemic delivery of these poorly bioavailable drugs possible via alternative routes of administration (i.e., oral, nasal, buccal or pulmonary routes of administration) and may also reduce dosages of small molecular drugs and thereby reduce treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Peterson
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Morné Weyers
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jan H Steenekamp
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Johan D Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Josias H Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Rastogi V, Yadav P, Husain A, Verma A. Effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers on permeation of S-amlodipine besylate through intercalated polymeric transdermal matrix: 3(2) designing, optimization and characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:669-682. [PMID: 30633579 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1569035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innovation in material science has made it possible to fabricate a pharmaceutical material of modifiable characteristics and utility, in delivering therapeutics at a sustained/controlled rate. The objective of this study is to design and optimize the controlled release transdermal films of S-Amlodipine besylate by intercalating hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers. METHODS 3(2) factorial design and response surface methodology was utilized to prepare formulations by intercalating the varied concentration of polymers(A) and penetration enhancer(B) in solvent. The effect of these independent factors on drug release and flux was investigated to substantiate the ex-vivo, stability and histological findings of the study. RESULTS FTIR, DSC revealed the compatibility of drug with polymers; however, the semicrystallinity in drug was observed under PXRD. SEM micrographs showed homogeneous dispersion and entanglement of drug throughout the matrix. Results from the permeation study suggested the significant effect of factors on the ex vivo permeation of drug. It was observed that drug release was found to be increased with an increase in hydrophilic polymer concentration and PE. The formulations having polymers (EC:PVPK-30) at 7:3 showed maximum drug release with highest flux (102.60 ± 1.12 µg/cm2/h) and permeability coefficient (32.78 ± 1.38 cm/h). Significant effect of PE on lipid and protein framework of the skin was also observed which is responsible for increased permeation. The optimized formulation was found to be stable and showed no-sign of localized reactions, indicating safety and compatibility with the skin. CONCLUSION Thus, results indicated that the prepared intercalated transdermal matrix can be a promising nonoral carrier to deliver effective amounts of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Rastogi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , IFTM University , Moradabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Pragya Yadav
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , IFTM University , Moradabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Arif Husain
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , IFTM University , Moradabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Anurag Verma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , IFTM University , Moradabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Abstract
Biologics now constitute a significant element of available medical treatments. Owing to their clinical and commercial success, biologics are a rapidly growing class and have become a dominant therapeutic modality. Although most of the successful biologics to date are drugs that bear a peptidic backbone, ranging from small peptides to monoclonal antibodies (~500 residues; 150 kDa), new biologic modalities, such as nucleotide-based therapeutics and viral gene therapies, are rapidly maturing towards widespread clinical use. Given the rise of peptides and proteins in the pharmaceutical landscape, tremendous research and development interest exists in developing less-invasive or non-invasive routes for the systemic delivery of biologics, including subcutaneous, transdermal, oral, inhalation, nasal and buccal routes. This Review summarizes the current status, latest updates and future prospects for such delivery of peptides, proteins and other biologics.
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Nagai N, Ogata F, Otake H, Nakazawa Y, Kawasaki N. Design of a transdermal formulation containing raloxifene nanoparticles for osteoporosis treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5215-5229. [PMID: 30233182 PMCID: PMC6135211 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s173216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the clinical setting, raloxifene, a second-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator, is administered orally; however, the bioavailability (BA) is only 2% because of its poor solubility in aqueous fluids and its extensive first-pass metabolism. Therefore, it is expected that the development of a transdermally delivered formulation may reduce the necessary dose without compromising its therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we designed transdermal formulations containing raloxifene nanoparticles and evaluated their usefulness for osteoporosis therapy. Methods Raloxifene was crushed with methylcellulose by the bead mill method, and the milled raloxifene was gelled with or without menthol (a permeation enhancer) by Carbopol® 934 (without menthol, Ral-NPs; with menthol, mRal-NPs). The drug release and transdermal penetration were measured using a Franz diffusion cell, and the therapeutic evaluation of osteoporosis was determined in an ovariectomized rat model. Results The mean particle size of raloxifene in the transdermal formulation (Ral-NPs) was 173.7 nm. Although the raloxifene released from Ral-NPs remained in the nanoparticle state, the skin penetration of raloxifene nanoparticles was prevented by the stratum corneum in rat. On the other hand, inclusion of menthol in the formulation attenuated the barrier function of the stratum corneum and permitted the penetration of raloxifene nanoparticles through the skin. Moreover, macropinocytosis relates to the skin penetration of the formulation including menthol (mRal-NPs), since penetration was inhibited by treatment with 2 µM rottlerin, a macropinocytosis inhibitor. In addition, the application of 0.3% mRal-NPs (once a day) attenuated the decreases in calcium level and stiffness of the bones of ovariectomized rat. Conclusion We prepared raloxifene solid nanoparticles by a bead mill method and designed a novel transdermal formulation containing nanoparticles and permeation enhancers. These trans-dermal formulations overcome the barrier properties of the skin and show high drug penetration through the transdermal route (BA 8.5%). In addition, we found that raloxifene transdermal formulations are useful for the treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Fumihiko Ogata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Yosuke Nakazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Kawasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
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Fahmy AM, El-Setouhy DA, Ibrahim AB, Habib BA, Tayel SA, Bayoumi NA. Penetration enhancer-containing spanlastics (PECSs) for transdermal delivery of haloperidol: in vitro characterization, ex vivo permeation and in vivo biodistribution studies. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:12-22. [PMID: 29219628 PMCID: PMC6058714 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1410262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloperidol (Hal) is one of the widely used antipsychotic drugs. When orally administered, it suffers from low bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism. This study aimed at developing Hal-loaded penetration enhancer-containing spanlastics (PECSs) to increase transdermal permeation of Hal with sustained release. PECSs were successfully prepared using ethanol injection method showing reasonable values of percentage entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. The statistical analysis of the ex vivo permeation parameters led to the choice of F1L – made of Span® 60 and Tween® 80 at the weight ratio of 4:1 along with 1% w/v Labrasol® – as the selected formula (SF). SF was formulated into a hydrogel by using 2.5% w/v of HPMC K4M. The hydrogel exhibited good in vitro characteristics. Also, it retained its physical and chemical stability for one month in the refrigerator. The radiolabeling of SF showed a maximum yield by mixing of 100 µl of diluted formula with 50 µl saline having 200 MBq of 99mTc and containing 13.6 mg of reducing agent (NaBH4) and volume completed to 300 µl by saline at pH 10 for 10 min as reaction time. The biodistribution study showed that the transdermal 99mTc-SF hydrogel exhibited a more sustained release pattern and longer circulation duration with pulsatile behavior in the blood and higher brain levels than the oral 99mTc-SF dispersion. So, transdermal hydrogel of SF may be considered a promising sustained release formula for Hal maintenance therapy with reduced dose size and less frequent administration than oral formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman M Fahmy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Doaa Ahmed El-Setouhy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- b Labeled Compounds Department , Hot Lab. Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Basant A Habib
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Saadia A Tayel
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Noha A Bayoumi
- b Labeled Compounds Department , Hot Lab. Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority , Cairo , Egypt
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Rambharose S, Kalhapure RS, Jadhav M, Govender T. Novel mono, di and tri-fatty acid esters bearing secondary amino acid ester head groups as transdermal permeation enhancers. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mono-oleate derivative (MOAPE) enhancing in vitro transdermal permeation of tenofovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rambharose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - R. S. Kalhapure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - M. Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - T. Govender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
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Zavgorodnya O, Carmona-Moran CA, Kozlovskaya V, Liu F, Wick TM, Kharlampieva E. Temperature-responsive nanogel multilayers of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) for topical drug delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 506:589-602. [PMID: 28759859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report nanothin temperature-responsive hydrogel films of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanoparticles (νPVCL) with remarkably high loading capacity for topical drug delivery. Highly swollen (νPVCL)n multilayer hydrogels, where n denotes the number of nanoparticle layers, are produced by layer-by-layer hydrogen-bonded assembly of core-shell PVCL-co-acrylic acid nanoparticles with linear PVPON followed by cross-linking of the acrylic acid shell with either ethylene diamine (EDA) or adipic acid dihydrazide (AAD). We demonstrate that a (νPVCL)5 film undergoes dramatic and reversible swelling up to 9 times its dry thickness at pH = 7.5, indicating 89v/v % of water inside the network. These hydrogels exhibit highly reversible ∼3-fold thickness changes with temperature variations from 25 to 50°C at pH = 5, the average pH of human skin. We also show that a (νPVCL)30 hydrogel loaded with ∼120µgcm-2 sodium diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for osteoarthritis pain management, provides sustained permeation of this drug through an artificial skin membrane for up to 24h at 32°C (the average human skin surface temperature). The cumulative amount of diclofenac transported at 32°C from the (νPVCL)30 hydrogel after 24h is 12 times higher than that from the (νPVCL)30 hydrogel at 22°C. Finally, we demonstrate that the (νPVCL) hydrogels can be used for multiple drug delivery by inclusion of Nile red, fluorescein and DAPI dyes within the νPVCL nanoparticles prior to hydrogel assembly. Using confocal microscopy we observed the presence of separate dye-loaded νPVCL compartments within the hydrogel matrix with all three dyes confined to the nanogel particles without intermixing between the dyes. Our study provides opportunity for development of temperature-responsive multilayer hydrogel coatings made via the assembly of core-shell nanogel particles which can be used for skin-sensitive materials for topical drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Zavgorodnya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14thSt South, CHEM294, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Carlos A Carmona-Moran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1075 13th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14thSt South, CHEM294, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14thSt South, CHEM294, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Timothy M Wick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1075 13th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14thSt South, CHEM294, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Mendes M, Nunes SCC, Sousa JJ, Pais AACC, Vitorino C. Expanding Transdermal Delivery with Lipid Nanoparticles: A New Drug-in-NLC-in-Adhesive Design. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2099-2115. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mendes
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Pharmacometrics
Group of the Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S. C. C. Nunes
- Coimbra
Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. J. Sousa
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Pharmacometrics
Group of the Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. A. C. C. Pais
- Coimbra
Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. Vitorino
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Pharmacometrics
Group of the Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Jeengar MK, Shrivastava S, Mouli Veeravalli SC, Naidu VGM, Sistla R. Amelioration of FCA induced arthritis on topical application of curcumin in combination with emu oil. Nutrition 2016; 32:955-64. [PMID: 27178879 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the skin penetration potential of emu oil and the possibility of enhancing the antiarthritic potential of lipophilic bioactive curcumin, which has poor permeability through biological membranes. METHODS Solubility and ex vivo skin permeation studies were performed with water, corn oil, and emu oil as a vehicle using curcumin as a model drug. Carrageenan induced inflammation and Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritic rat models were used to evaluate enhanced antiinflammatory and antiarthritic effect of curcumin in combination of emu oil via topical route. RESULTS The skin permeation study resulted in the combination of emu oil with curcumin enhancing the flux 1.84 and 4.25 times through the rat skin compared to corn oil and water, respectively. Results of carrageenan induced rat paw edema model demonstrated that percentage of paw inhibition shown by curcumin-emu oil combination was 1.42-fold more compared to the total effect shown by both groups treated with curcumin aqueous suspension and emu oil per se. In Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritic model, the combined treatment was effective in bringing significant changes in the functional, biochemical, histopathologic, and radiologic parameters. Topical application of curcumin-emu oil combination resulted in significant reduced levels of proinflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1 β, and IL-6 (P < 0.05, 0.001, and 0.01, respectively) compared to arthritic animals. CONCLUSION Topical delivery of curcumin with emu oil holds promise as a noninvasive and efficacious intervention for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis and it assists in further development of a topical formulation of curcumin using emu oil as a vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Jeengar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Shweta Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | | | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India.
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Rembiesa J, Gari H, Engblom J, Ruzgas T. Amperometric monitoring of quercetin permeation through skin membranes. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:636-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shreya AB, Managuli RS, Menon J, Kondapalli L, Hegde AR, Avadhani K, Shetty PK, Amirthalingam M, Kalthur G, Mutalik S. Nano-transfersomal formulations for transdermal delivery of asenapine maleate: in vitro and in vivo performance evaluations. J Liposome Res 2015; 26:221-32. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1098659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Shreya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Renuka S. Managuli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Jyothsna Menon
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Lavanya Kondapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Aswathi R. Hegde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kiran Avadhani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Pallavi K. Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Muthukumar Amirthalingam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
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Baek JS, Pham CV, Myung CS, Cho CW. Tadalafil-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers using permeation enhancers. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:701-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Paradkar M, Thakkar V, Soni T, Gandhi T, Gohel M. Formulation and evaluation of clotrimazole transdermal spray. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 41:1718-25. [PMID: 25579237 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.1002408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Transdermal spray (TS) of clotrimazole (CTZ) was formulated to improve the drug transport through the skin up to 12 h to achieve the antifungal efficacy. OBJECTIVE The aim of present study was to formulate and evaluate antifungal transdermal spray to improve the permeation of clotrimazole across the skin and to decrease the dosing frequency in fungal infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different ratios of ethanol and acetone and various grades of eudragit and ethyl cellulose were evaluated according to six criteria: viscosity, drying time, stickiness, appearance and integrity on skin and water washability. Propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) were used in the study as plasticizer and solubilizer. The TS was evaluated for in vitro drug release, spray angle, spray pattern, average weight per dose, pH, drug content, evaporation time, leak test and antifungal efficacy study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Eudragit E100 and blend of ethanol and acetone (80:20) satisfied the desired criteria. The selection of optimized batch was based on the results of in vitro drug release, spray pattern and spray angle. The optimized batch showed the spray angle <85° and uniform spray pattern. The formulation containing PG showed higher drug release than PEG 400. The inclusion of eutectic mixture consisting of camphor and menthol (1:1) showed improved drug transport through the rat skin and larger mean zone of inhibition indicating the improved antifungal efficacy. CONCLUSION The TS of CTZ can be an innovative and promising approach for the topical administration in the fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Paradkar
- a Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus , Changa , Gujarat , India
| | - Vaishali Thakkar
- b Anand Pharmacy College, Sardar Patel University , Anand , Gujarat , India , and
| | - Tejal Soni
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , Dharamsinh Desai University , Nadiad , Gujarat , India
| | - Tejal Gandhi
- b Anand Pharmacy College, Sardar Patel University , Anand , Gujarat , India , and
| | - Mukesh Gohel
- b Anand Pharmacy College, Sardar Patel University , Anand , Gujarat , India , and
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Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the transdermal gel loaded with tadalafil, a practically insoluble selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5) in order to improve the solubility and bioavailability. The solubility of tadalafil in mixed solution of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD), polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 and tween 80 (T2 solution) was 260.8 ± 4.3 µg/mL and that of tadalafil in modified T2 (M-T2) solution, which tadalafil was dissolved in 20% (w/v) HPCD at first and then mixture solutions of PEG 400 and tween 80 were added, was increased to 344.9 ± 30.6 µg/mL. Four gel formulae were prepared, subsequently in vitro and in vivo skin permeation studies were carried out. Interestingly, tadalafil gel in M-T2 and oleic acid (OA) (F3) could promote the percutaneous absorption of tadalafil by 179.4% in vitro and increase AUC by 223% in vivo compared with tadalafil gel in the absence of M-T2 and OA (F1). Also, there was a finding that tadalafil gel in M-T2 and OA did not cause dermal irritations in an experimental animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Suep Baek
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Cheong-Weon Cho
- a College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University , Daejeon , South Korea
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Cheung K, West G, Das DB. Delivery of large molecular protein using flat and short microneedles prepared using focused ion beam (FIB) as a skin ablation tool. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 5:462-7. [PMID: 26227622 PMCID: PMC4529458 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have been reported in the literature on the effects of various geometries and lengths of microneedles (MNs) on transdermal drug delivery using a variety of drug molecules. In particular, sharp-tipped MNs have been used to disrupt the top layer of the skin, namely, stratum corneum (SC). It has also been shown that short- and flat-tipped MNs can pierce the SC and they have the potential to increase drug permeability. However, there is little work that explores MNs as a skin ablative tool with a view to increasing skin permeability. To address this point, well-defined small patterns (size of individual pattern 10–20 μm) on the tip of flat MN (tip radius of individual MN ∼250 μm) were created and their effects evaluated on the permeability of bovine serum albumin (BSA), which is chosen as a model drug of high molecular weight. The patterns on the tip of flat MN act as rough surfaces (e.g. like sand paper) which when applied on the surface of the skin ablate the SC layer. Focused ion beam (FIB) has been used as the fabrication technique for the MNs. The permeability data are then compared with the other data for flat- and sharp-tipped MN. The permeability data from passive diffusion experiments are used as the reference case. The exact number of MNs or patterns in the flat and patterned MN patches is not considered as important as they have not been designed to pierce the skin. However, this is an important consideration in the case of sharp MNs as they pierce and create cavities in the skin. It is found that the delivery of BSA with the fabricated flat and patterned MNs gave similar but somewhat lower drug permeation profile in comparison to the sharp MNs. Passive diffusion showed no permeation, as would be expected due to the large size of the chosen molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Cheung
- />Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
| | - Geoff West
- />Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- />Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
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Viljoen JM, Cowley A, du Preez J, Gerber M, du Plessis J. Penetration enhancing effects of selected natural oils utilized in topical dosage forms. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 41:2045-54. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1047847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ahad A, Aqil M, Kohli K, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M. Nano vesicular lipid carriers of angiotensin II receptor blocker: Anti-hypertensive and skin toxicity study in focus. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1002-7. [PMID: 25707444 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1008509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nanoethosomal carriers of valsartan have been previously prepared, characterized and optimized. A gel formulation of valsartan vesicular lipid carriers was composed of Carbopol(®) (1% w/w), polyethylene glycol-400 (15% w/w) and triethanolamine (0.5% w/w). The influence of the valsartan nanoethosomal formulation developed on the blood pressure of experimental hypertensive rats, and its potential for skin irritation, are presented in this report. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental rats were divided into three groups; the control group received no treatment (Group A). Group B was administered methyl prednisolone acetate (20 mg/kg/week) for two weeks (hypertensive control). Group C received methyl prednisolone acetate, followed by administration of the valsartan ethosomal formulation. The blood pressure of the rats was measured using a non-invasive rat blood pressure instrument based on the tail-cuff technique. The statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad InStat 3 software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The treatment group showed a significant (P < 0.05) and constant fall in blood pressure, for up to 48 h. The valsartan ethosomal formulation was found to be effective, with a 34.11% reduction in blood pressure. The formulation's potential for skin irritation was assessed by the Draize irritation score test, which ruled out the possibility of any skin irritation caused by application of the formulation in rats. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that nanoethosomes are efficient carriers for transdermal delivery of valsartan, for the management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aqil
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , M. B. Road, New Delhi , 110062 , India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , M. B. Road, New Delhi , 110062 , India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , M. B. Road, New Delhi , 110062 , India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , M. B. Road, New Delhi , 110062 , India
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Rambharose S, Kalhapure RS, Akamanchi KG, Govender T. Novel dendritic derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids as promising transdermal permeation enhancers for tenofovir. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6662-6675. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00957j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel dendritic ester derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids as potential transdermal permeation enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Rambharose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences
| | - Rahul S. Kalhapure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | | | - Thirumala Govender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
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