1
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Li W, Huang Y, Xiang Y, Yan X, Li Y, Wu D. Vacuum-assisted thermal bonding of β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463845. [PMID: 36803769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the vacuum-assisted thermal bonding method was proposed for the covalent coupling of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (CD-CSP), hexamethylene diisocyanate cross-linked β-CD (HDI-CSP) and 3, 5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate modified β-CD (DMPI-CSP) onto the isocyanate silane modified silica gel. Under vacuum conditions, the side reaction due to the water residue from the organic solvent, air, reaction vessels and silica gel could be avoided, and the optimal temperature and time of vacuum-assisted thermal bonding method were determined as 160°C and 3 h. These three CSPs were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, elemental analysis and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The surface coverage of CD-CSP and HDI-CSP on silica gel was determined as ∼0.2 μmol m-2, respectively. The chromatographic performances of these three CSPs were systematically evaluated by separating 7 flavanones, 9 triazoles and 6 chiral alcohols enantiomers under the reversed-phase condition. It was found that the chiral resolution ability of CD-CSP, HDI-CSP and DMPI-CSP was complementary to each other. Among them, CD-CSP could separate all 7 flavanones enantiomers with the resolution of 1.09-2.48. HDI-CSP had a good separation performance for triazoles enantiomers with one chiral center. DMPI-CSP showed excellent separation performance for chiral alcohol enantiomers, among which the resolution of trans-1, 3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-ol reached 12.01. Generally, the vacuum-assisted thermal bonding had been demonstrated as a direct and efficient method for the preparation of chiral stationary phases of β-CD and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yuqian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yanshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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2
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Zhao R, Bai X, Yang W, Fan K, Zhang H. Grafting (S)-2-Phenylpropionic Acid on Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers of MIL-101(Al) Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Enantioseparation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8456. [PMID: 36499951 PMCID: PMC9740726 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metal-organic frameworks (cMOFs) are emerging chiral stationary phases for enantioseparation owing to their porosity and designability. However, a great number of cMOF materials show poor separation performance for chiral drugs in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The possible reasons might be the irregular shapes of MOFs and the low grafting degree of chiral ligands. Herein, MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 was synthesized by a simple coordination post-synthetic modification method using (S)-(+)-2-Phenylpropionic acid and applied as the chiral stationary phase to separate chiral compounds by HPLC. NH2-MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 prepared via covalent post-synthetic modification was used for comparison. The results showed that the chiral ligand density of MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 was higher than that of NH2-MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2, and the MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 column exhibited better chiral separation performance and structural stability. The binding affinities between MIL-101-Ppa@SiO2 and chiral compounds were simulated to prove the mechanism of the molecular interactions during HPLC. These results revealed that cMOFs prepared by coordination post-synthetic modification could increase the grafting degree and enhance the separation performance. This method can provide ideas for the synthesis of cMOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xueyan Bai
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Hirose D, Ogino K, Uematsu K, Maeda K. Enantioseparation on Helical Poly(diphenylacetylene)s Bearing Optically-Active Pendants: Effects of Differences in Higher-Order Structures of Kinetically-Trapped and Thermodynamically-Stable States on Chiral Recognition Ability. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Folprechtová D, Kalíková K. Macrocyclic glycopeptide‐based chiral selectors for enantioseparation in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
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5
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Hirose D, Isobe A, Quiñoá E, Freire F, Maeda K. Three-State Switchable Chiral Stationary Phase Based on Helicity Control of an Optically Active Poly(phenylacetylene) Derivative by Using Metal Cations in the Solid State. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8592-8598. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hirose
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Asahi Isobe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Emilio Quiñoá
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Quimica Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Félix Freire
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Quimica Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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6
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Shen H, Du G, Liu K, Ye L, Xie S, Jiang L. Synthesis and evaluation of pseudopeptide chiral stationary phases for enantioselective resolution. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:53-62. [PMID: 28951050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazoline)s are regarded as bioinspired polymers due to their structural relation to polypeptides. In this work, a new kind of poly(2-oxazoline)s containing dipeptide segments in the side chains was synthesized through a bottom-up protocol, which involves ring-opening copolymerization of 2-(N-Boc-l-2-pyrrolidinyl)-2-oxazoline (PyOXBoc) with 2-(3-butenyl)-2-oxazoline (BuOX) followed by deprotection and amide coupling with N-protected L-proline. The resulting vinyl-functionalized polymers were subsequently immobilized onto mercaptopropylated silica bead matrices by means of thio-click chemistry and their potential as the chiral stationary phase (CSP) for high-performance liquid chromatography was preliminarily evaluated with a series of structurally different racemates. The results showed that this class of pseudopeptide CSPs is particularly adapted to the enantiomeric separation of 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol and acyloin compounds (such as benzoin) under normal-phase conditions. Moreover, an increase in the length of polymer main chains is beneficial to the enhancement of both enantioselectivity and resolution ability. The chiral discrimination of analytes by the polymeric selectors stems primarily from hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions as well as steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ganhong Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Keyuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Long Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shoulei Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liming Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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7
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Shen J, Okamoto Y. Efficient Separation of Enantiomers Using Stereoregular Chiral Polymers. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1094-138. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Polymer
Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials
and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials
Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yoshio Okamoto
- Polymer
Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials
and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials
Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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8
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Supercritical fluid chromatography as a tool for enantioselective separation; A review. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 821:1-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Yashima E, Iida H, Okamoto Y. Enantiomeric Differentiation by Synthetic Helical Polymers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 340:41-72. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Development of chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatographic separation. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Oromí-Farrús M, Torres M, Canela R. Acylation of Chiral Alcohols: A Simple Procedure for Chiral GC Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:452949. [PMID: 22649749 PMCID: PMC3357535 DOI: 10.1155/2012/452949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of iodine as a catalyst and either acetic or trifluoroacetic acid as a derivatizing reagent for determining the enantiomeric composition of acyclic and cyclic aliphatic chiral alcohols was investigated. Optimal conditions were selected according to the molar ratio of alcohol to acid, the reaction time, and the reaction temperature. Afterwards, chiral stability of chiral carbons was studied. Although no isomerization was observed when acetic acid was used, partial isomerization was detected with the trifluoroacetic acid. A series of chiral alcohols of a widely varying structural type were then derivatized with acetic acid using the optimal conditions. The resolution of the enantiomeric esters and the free chiral alcohols was measured using a capillary gas chromatograph equipped with a CP Chirasil-DEX CB column. The best resolutions were obtained with 2-pentyl acetates (α = 3.00) and 2-hexyl acetates (α = 1.95). This method provides a very simple and efficient experimental workup procedure for analyzing chiral alcohols by chiral-phase GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercè Torres
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ramon Canela
- Chemistry Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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12
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Tamura K, Sam NSM, Ikai T, Okamoto Y, Yashima E. Synthesis and Chiral Recognition Ability of a Poly(phenylenevinylene)-Encapsulated Amylose Derivative. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Tamura K, Miyabe T, Iida H, Yashima E. Separation of enantiomers on diastereomeric right- and left-handed helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)s bearing l-alanine pendants immobilized on silica gel by HPLC. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Zaidi SA, Han KM, Hwang DG, Cheong WJ. Preparation of open tubular molecule imprinted polymer capillary columns with various templates by a generalized procedure and their chiral and non-chiral separation performance in CEC. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1019-28. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The main goal of this review is to provide a brief overview of chiral separations to researchers who are versed in the area of analytical separations but unfamiliar with chiral separations. To researchers who are not familiar with this area, there is currently a bewildering array of commercially available chiral columns, chiral derivatizing reagents, and chiral selectors for approaches that span the range of analytical separation platforms (e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, supercritical-fluid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis). This review begins with a brief discussion of chirality before examining the general strategies and commonalities among all of the chiral separation techniques. Rather than exhaustively listing all the chiral selectors and applications, this review highlights significant issues and differences between chiral and achiral separations, providing salient examples from specific classes of chiral selectors where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Stalcup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45220, USA.
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16
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Bao X, Broadbelt LJ, Snurr RQ. Elucidation of consistent enantioselectivity for a homologous series of chiral compounds in homochiral metal–organic frameworks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:6466-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c000809e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Ikai T, Okamoto Y. Structure Control of Polysaccharide Derivatives for Efficient Separation of Enantiomers by Chromatography. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6077-101. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8005558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ikai
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong St. Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yoshio Okamoto
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong St. Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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18
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Sanchez FG, Diaz AN, Lama IM. Polarimetric Detection in Liquid Chromatography: An Approach to Correct Refractive Index Artefacts. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802480057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Sanchez
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n , Malaga, Spain
| | - Aurora N. Diaz
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n , Malaga, Spain
| | - Ignacio M. Lama
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n , Malaga, Spain
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Wang
- Process Research and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
| | - Alex M. Chen
- Process Research and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, U.S.A
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20
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McConnell O, He Y, Nogle L, Sarkahian A. Application of chiral technology in a pharmaceutical company. Enantiomeric separation and spectroscopic studies of key asymmetric intermediates using a combination of techniques. Phenylglycidols. Chirality 2007; 19:716-30. [PMID: 17323324 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phenylglycidols substituted in the 2-, 3-, and 4- positions with fluorine, chlorine, and trifluoromethyl, and with methoxy in the 3- position, were synthesized from the corresponding E-cinnamic acids and separated into their (R,R)- and (S,S)- enantiomers using subcritical fluid chromatography with mixtures of MeOH in CO(2), on either a Chiralpak AD or AS chiral stationary phase. These compounds and commercially-available (R,R)- and (S,S)-phenylglycidol were analyzed for their vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and optical rotation (OR) properties to exemplify a strategy whereby the absolute stereochemistry of common and key chiral intermediates is established early in the structure-activity and structure-property relationship phase of a drug discovery program in a pharmaceutical company. From this study, substituents in the phenyl group of the synthesized molecules were found not to grossly alter spectroscopic features, and therefore, diagnostic absorption bands in the respective VCD spectra, and the sign and shape of the measured ECD curves could be used to determine and track the absolute stereochemistry of analogs without necessarily requiring time-consuming ab initio calculations of all low energy conformers for all compounds. VCD, OR, and ECD calculations for the determination of absolute configuration carried out at the DFT level with the hybrid B3PW91 functional and the TZVP basis set were found to be especially useful in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McConnell
- Wyeth Research, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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21
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McConnell O, Bach A, Balibar C, Byrne N, Cai Y, Carter G, Chlenov M, Di L, Fan K, Goljer I, He Y, Herold D, Kagan M, Kerns E, Koehn F, Kraml C, Marathias V, Marquez B, McDonald L, Nogle L, Petucci C, Schlingmann G, Tawa G, Tischler M, Williamson RT, Sutherland A, Watts W, Young M, Zhang MY, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Ho D. Enantiomeric separation and determination of absolute stereochemistry of asymmetric molecules in drug discovery—Building chiral technology toolboxes. Chirality 2007; 19:658-82. [PMID: 17390370 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The application of Chiral Technology, or the (extensive) use of techniques or tools for the determination of absolute stereochemistry and the enantiomeric or chiral separation of racemic small molecule potential lead compounds, has been critical to successfully discovering and developing chiral drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This has been due to the rapid increase over the past 10-15 years in potential drug candidates containing one or more asymmetric centers. Based on the experiences of one pharmaceutical company, a summary of the establishment of a Chiral Technology toolbox, including the implementation of known tools as well as the design, development, and implementation of new Chiral Technology tools, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McConnell
- Wyeth Research, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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22
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Ha PTT, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A. Recent advances in pharmaceutical applications of chiral capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1-11. [PMID: 16516428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review article summarizes developments and applications of chiral capillary electrophoresis (CE) in the pharmaceutical field published from January 2004 to June 2005. Due to the tremendous number of publications, this article is aimed to focus on major developments in chiral separations and some selected applications rather than to provide a descriptive overview of all published papers. Valuable information is also collected from several excellent reviews published during this period. Developments are classified according to CE modes, namely capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC), microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). In the CZE section, different types of chiral selectors including cyclodextrins, oligo- and polysaccharides, crown ethers, macrocyclic antibiotics, ligand exchange systems and proteins are described. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis is also included in this section. Coupling CE to MS is discussed in a separate part, followed by a summary of selected pharmaceutical applications of enantioselective CE. Finally, some conclusions are drawn and prospects of CE in chiral analysis are also drafted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Thanh Ha
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Kasicka V. Recent developments in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of peptides. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:142-75. [PMID: 16307429 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The article gives a comprehensive review on the recent developments in the applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides. The article presents new approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides, covers the methodological aspects of capillary electroseparations of peptides, such as rational selection of separation conditions, sample preparation, suppression of peptide adsorption, new developments in individual separation modes, and new designs of detection systems. Several types of applications of capillary electromigration methods to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, purity control, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid and sequence analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of capillary electromigration techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kasicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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24
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Kwaterczak A, Bielejewska A. Comparison of retention of native cyclodextrins and its permethylated derivatives on porous graphite carbon and silica C18 stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Molecular chirality is a fundamental consideration in drug discovery, one necessary to understand and describe biological targets as well as to design effective pharmaceutical agents. Enantioselective chromatography has played an increasing role not only as an analytical tool for chiral analyses, but also as a preparative technique to obtain pure enantiomers from racemates quickly from a wide diversity of chemical structures. Different enantioselective chromatography techniques are reviewed here, with particular emphasis on the most widespread high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the rapidly emerging supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) techniques. This review focuses on the dramatic advances in the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) that have made HPLC and SFC indispensable techniques for drug discovery today. In addition, screening strategies for rapid method development and considerations for laboratory-scale preparative separation are discussed and recent achievements are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingru Zhang
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08648-4000, USA.
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