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Xiang T, Sun CC. Worsened punch sticking by external lubrication with magnesium stearate. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123636. [PMID: 38013042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
External lubrication of tooling with magnesium stearate (MgSt) is a common strategy to eliminate punch sticking when compressing powders with a high sticking propensity, such as many pure active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). We found that it actually led to aggravated punch sticking at low compaction pressures. This counterintuitive phenomenon was explained based on interplay of forces among the punch tip, MgSt, and API. The explanation is supported by the observed effects of pressure and mechanical properties of APIs on this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xiang
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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Koumbogle K, Gosselin R, Gitzhofer F, Abatzoglou N. Moisture Behavior of Pharmaceutical Powder during the Tableting Process. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1652. [PMID: 37376100 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The moisture content of pharmaceutical powder is a key parameter contributing to tablet sticking during the tableting process. This study investigates powder moisture behavior during the compaction phase of the tableting process. Finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics® 5.6 was used to simulate the compaction microcrystalline cellulose (VIVAPUR PH101) powder and predict temperature and moisture content distributions, as well as their evolution over time, during a single compaction. To validate the simulation, a near-infrared sensor and a thermal infrared camera were used to measure tablet surface temperature and surface moisture, respectively, just after ejection. The partial least squares regression (PLS) method was used to predict the surface moisture content of the ejected tablet. Thermal infrared camera images of the ejected tablet showed powder bed temperature increasing during compaction and a gradual rise in tablet temperature along with tableting runs. Simulation results showed that moisture evaporate from the compacted powder bed to the surrounding environment. The predicted surface moisture content of ejected tablets after compaction was higher compared to that of loose powder and decreased gradually as tableting runs increased. These observations suggest that the moisture evaporating from the powder bed accumulates at the interface between the punch and tablet surface. Evaporated water molecules can be physiosorbed on the punch surface and cause a capillary condensation locally at the punch and tablet interface during dwell time. Locally formed capillary bridge may induce a capillary force between tablet surface particles and the punch surface and cause the sticking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komlan Koumbogle
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Ryan Gosselin
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - François Gitzhofer
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Abatzoglou
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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Gunawardana CA, Kong A, Wanapun D, Blackwood DO, Travis Powell C, Krzyzaniak JF, Thomas MC, Kresevic JE, Calvin Sun C. Understanding the role of magnesium stearate in lowering punch sticking propensity of drugs during compression. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123016. [PMID: 37156307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The sticking of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to the surfaces of compaction tooling, frequently referred to as punch sticking, causes costly downtime or product failures in commercial tablet manufacturing. Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is a common tablet lubricant known to ameliorate the sticking problem, even though there exist exceptions. The mechanism by which MgSt lowers punch sticking propensity (PSP) by covering API surface is sensible but not yet experimentally proven. This work was aimed at elucidating the link between PSP and surface area coverage (SAC) of tablets by MgSt, in relation to some key formulation properties and process parameters, namely MgSt concentration, API loading, API particle size, and mixing conditions. The study was conducted using two model APIs with known high PSPs, tafamidis (TAF) and ertugliflozin-pyroglutamic acid (ERT). Results showed that PSP decreases exponentially with increasing SAC by MgSt. The composition of material stuck to punch face was also explored to better understand the onset of punch sticking and the impact of possible MgSt-effected punch conditioning event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamara A Gunawardana
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Angela Kong
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Debbie Wanapun
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Daniel O Blackwood
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - C Travis Powell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | | | - Myles C Thomas
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - John E Kresevic
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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Dembélé M, Hudon S, Simard JS, Abatzoglou N, Gosselin R. Insights into tablet sticking: a quantitative case study with an ibuprofen and methocarbamol-based formulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:40-50. [PMID: 36594269 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2162081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Tablet sticking is a continuous accumulation of pharmaceutical powder onto tooling surfaces during compression. Its occurrence greatly impacts tablet productivity, quality attributes, and tooling age. In a previous study, the authors proposed a multivariate data analysis approach to gain insights into tablet sticking directly on the industrial stage. The objective was to determine the combination of factors that could help distinguish between batches affected and unaffected by sticking. The present study aims to generalize this approach by extending it to quantitative predictions of punch sticking intensity. A total of 345 variables was gathered on 28 industrial batches of an ibuprofen and methocarbamol-based formulation. RESULT AND CONCLUSION Using PLS regression models, it was shown that the association of granulation duration and compression force allows to significantly explain ∼60% of sticking variations of studied formulation. In addition, unlike the classification models developed in the earlier work, the validation residues in the present study were found to be normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilks p value = 0.96) and independent from the target variable (R2 = 9.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadou Dembélé
- Department of chemical and biotechnological engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Pfizer Canada, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Nicolas Abatzoglou
- Department of chemical and biotechnological engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan Gosselin
- Department of chemical and biotechnological engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Dembélé M, Hudon S, Simard JS, Abatzoglou N, Gosselin R. A multivariate data analysis approach to tablet sticking on an industrial scale: a qualitative case study of an ibuprofen-based formulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:1093-1109. [PMID: 36448330 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2153866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sticking is one of the most common and damaging issues that occur during tablet manufacturing. Sticking is the adhesion of powder onto tooling surfaces during compression. Because of the numerous factors involved in its occurrence, understanding tablet sticking requires the simultaneous investigation of these factors to clarify their possible interactions. However, conducting such a study experimentally can present a significant financial and technical burden. In this study, we aimed to leverage the large amount of data that is usually generated during industrial manufacturing to gain insights into sticking. METHODS This was achieved by collecting and analyzing a total of 71 historical batches that used an ibuprofen-based formulation. We associate each batch with a hundred parameters, including a qualitative descriptor of sticking, and employ a predefined methodology based primarily on multivariate data analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the role of lubrication, water content, and the low melting point of ibuprofen in its sticking tendency. Based on these findings, we propose and discuss an industrial manufacturing data analysis approach to sticking and its associated systematic methodology, consisting of collection, exploration, and data modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadou Dembélé
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Pfizer Canada, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Nicolas Abatzoglou
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan Gosselin
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Takeuchi Y, Murase Y, Tahara K, Takeuchi H. Impact of surface roughness of pre-treated punches and powder properties on prevention of sticking during pharmaceutical tableting. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chattoraj S, Daugherity P, McDermott T, Olsofsky A, Roth WJ, Tobyn M. Sticking and Picking in Pharmaceutical Tablet Compression: An IQ Consortium Review. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2267-2282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ito M, Aoki S, Uchiyama J, Yamato K. Development of a New Punch Head Shape to Replicate Scale-Up Issues on a Laboratory Tablet Press III: Replicating Sticking Phenomenon Using the SAS Punch and Evaluation by Checking the Tablet Surface Using 3-D Laser Scanning Microscope. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2144-2151. [PMID: 29684408 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sticking is a common observation in the scale-up stage on the punch tip using a commercial tableting machine. The difference in the total compression time between a laboratory tableting machine and a commercial one is considered one of the main root causes of scale-up issues in the tableting processes. The proposed "Size Adjusted for Scale-up punch" can be used to adjust the consolidation and dwell times for commercial tableting machine. As a result, the sticking phenomenon is able to be replicated at the pilot scale stage. As reported in this article, the quantification of sticking was done using a 3-D laser scanning microscope to check the tablet surface. It was shown that the sticking area decreased with the addition of magnesium stearate in the formulation, but the sticking depth was not affected by the additional amount of magnesium stearate. It is proposed that the use of a 3-D laser scanning microscope can be applied to evaluate sticking as a process analytical technology tool, and so sticking can be monitored continuously without stopping the machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ito
- Formulation Research, PST Unit, Medicine Development Center, Eisai Co., Ltd. Kakamigahara-Shi, Gifu 501-6195, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Aoki
- Formulation Technology, DI Plus Unit, EDCS, Eisai Co., Ltd., Kakamigahara-Shi, Gifu 501-6195, Japan
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Formulation Technology, DI Plus Unit, EDCS, Eisai Co., Ltd., Kakamigahara-Shi, Gifu 501-6195, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamato
- Formulation Technology, DI Plus Unit, EDCS, Eisai Co., Ltd., Kakamigahara-Shi, Gifu 501-6195, Japan
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Dependence of Punch Sticking on Compaction Pressure—Roles of Particle Deformability and Tablet Tensile Strength. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2060-2067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Scanning Electron Microscope Observations of Powder Sticking on Punches during a Limited Number (N < 5) of Compactions of Acetylsalicylic Acid. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2012-2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li Z, Zhao L, Lin X, Shen L, Feng Y. Direct compaction: An update of materials, trouble-shooting, and application. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:543-556. [PMID: 28720538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Direct compaction (DC) is the preferred choice for tablet manufacturing; however, only less than 20% of active pharmaceutical ingredients could be compacted via DC as its high requirement for functional properties of materials. Materials with improper functionalities could lead to serious troubles during DC manufacturing, such as content non-uniformity, sticking, and capping, all of which profoundly affect the properties of final products and, thus, severely restrict the practical application of DC. With undoubted importance, these seem to be unexpectedly ignored by reviewers but not researchers in terms of many original research articles published recently. Therefore, as an informative supplement and update, this review mainly focused on trouble-shooting and application situation of DC, together with several newly reported materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - LiJie Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Swaminathan S, Ramey B, Hilden J, Wassgren C. Characterizing the powder punch-face adhesive interaction during the unloading phase of powder compaction. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Powder properties and compaction parameters that influence punch sticking propensity of pharmaceuticals. Int J Pharm 2017; 521:374-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Samiei L, Kelly K, Taylor L, Forbes B, Collins E, Rowland M. The influence of electrostatic properties on the punch sticking propensity of pharmaceutical blends. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Swaminathan S, Hilden J, Ramey B, Wassgren C. Modeling the Formation of Debossed Features on a Pharmaceutical Tablet. J Pharm Innov 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-016-9257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Simmons DM, Gierer DS. A material sparing test to predict punch sticking during formulation development. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:1054-60. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.637933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Jin F, Tatavarti A. Tabletability assessment of conventional formulations containing Vitamin E tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate. Int J Pharm 2010; 389:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Roberts M, Ford JL, MacLeod GS, Fell JT, Smith GW, Rowe PH, Dyas AM. Effect of punch tip geometry and embossment on the punch tip adherence of a model ibuprofen formulation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:947-50. [PMID: 15233876 DOI: 10.1211/0022357023736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The sticking of a model ibuprofen-lactose formulation with respect to compaction force, punch tip geometry and punch tip embossment was assessed. Compaction was performed at 10, 25 or 40 kN using an instrumented single-punch tablet press. Three sets of ‘normal’ concave punches were used to evaluate the influence of punch curvature and diameter. The punches were 10, 11 and 12 mm in diameter, respectively. The 10-mm punch was embossed with a letter ‘A’ logo to assess the influence of an embossment on sticking. Flat-faced punches (12.5 mm) were used for comparison with the concave tooling. Surface profiles (Taylor Hobson Talysurf 120) of the upper punch faces were obtained to evaluate the surface quality of the tooling used. Following compaction, ibuprofen attached to the upper punch face was quantified by spectroscopy. Increasing punch curvature from flat-faced punches to concave decreased sticking. Altering punch diameter of the concave punches had no effect on sticking when expressed as μg mm−2. The embossed letter ‘A’ logo increased sticking considerably owing to the probable concentration of shear stresses at the lateral faces of the embossed logo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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