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Hassan MI, Amer MS, Hammad KM, Gabarty A, Selim TA. Latent effect of gamma irradiation on reproductive potential and ultrastructure of males' testes of Culex pipiens (Diptera; Culicidae). JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa I. Hassan
- Department of Zoology and entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mounier S. Amer
- Department of Zoology and entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kotb M. Hammad
- Department of Zoology and entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A. Gabarty
- Natural Products Department, National Center For Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tharwat A. Selim
- Department of Zoology and entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Chen JE, Li JY, You ZY, Liu LL, Liang JS, Ma YY, Chen M, Zhang HR, Jiang ZD, Zhong BX. Proteome Analysis of Silkworm, Bombyx mori, Larval Gonads: Characterization of Proteins Involved in Sexual Dimorphism and Gametogenesis. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2422-38. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300920z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-e Chen
- College of
Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310058, PR China
- Institute
of Sericultural Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou
310021, PR China
| | - Jian-ying Li
- College of
Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310058, PR China
- Institute
of Developmental and
Regenerative Biology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, PR China
| | - Zheng-ying You
- College of
Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310058, PR China
| | - Li-li Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jian-she Liang
- College of Environmental and
Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ying-ying Ma
- Zhejiang California International
NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hua-rong Zhang
- Zhejiang California International
NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Zhen-dong Jiang
- College of
Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310058, PR China
| | - Bo-xiong Zhong
- College of
Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
310058, PR China
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Morris CA, Benson E, White-Cooper H. Determination of gene expression patterns using in situ hybridization to Drosophila testes. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:1807-19. [PMID: 20010932 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe a whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) method optimized for detection of the cellular and subcellular distributions of specific mRNA within Drosophila testes and male genital tract. Digoxygenin (dig)-labeled antisense RNA probes are in vitro transcribed from a template synthesized by (RT)-PCR; the probe length is reduced by hydrolysis. Testes and male genital tracts are dissected from adult flies, fixed and processed for hybridization. Both probe and fixed testes can be stored before use. Extensive post-hybridization washing reduces the background. Detection is through alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-dig antibodies followed by a color reaction. This protocol is suitable for low-medium throughput applications with parallel processing of 2-48 samples, and takes 4-5 d to complete. We have used this protocol, which is similar to other RNA ISH protocols, but optimized for whole-mount Drosophila testes, to document the expression of about 1,000 genes in Drosophila melanogaster male genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri A Morris
- Department of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
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Yan HHN, Mruk DD, Lee WM, Cheng CY. Ectoplasmic specialization: a friend or a foe of spermatogenesis? Bioessays 2007; 29:36-48. [PMID: 17187371 PMCID: PMC2804921 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ectoplasmic specialization (ES) is a testis-specific, actin-based hybrid anchoring and tight junction. It is confined to the interface between Sertoli cells at the blood-testis barrier, known as the basal ES, as well as between Sertoli cells and developing spermatids designated the apical ES. The ES shares features of adherens junctions, tight junctions and focal contacts. By adopting the best features of each junction type, this hybrid nature of ES facilitates the extensive junction-restructuring events in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis. For instance, the alpha6beta1-integrin-laminin 333 complex, which is usually limited to the cell-matrix interface in other epithelia to facilitate cell movement, is a putative apical ES constituent. Furthermore, JAM-C and CAR, two tight junction integral membrane proteins, are also components of apical ES involving in spermatid orientation. We discuss herein the mechanisms that maintain the cross-talk between ES and blood-testis barrier to facilitate cell movement and orientation in the seminiferous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H N Yan
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Yan HHN, Cheng CY. Laminin alpha 3 forms a complex with beta3 and gamma3 chains that serves as the ligand for alpha 6beta1-integrin at the apical ectoplasmic specialization in adult rat testes. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:17286-17303. [PMID: 16608848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513218200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) is a testis-specific hybrid cell/cell actin-based adherens junction and cell/matrix focal contact anchoring junction type restricted to the interface between Sertoli cells and developing spermatids. Recent studies have shown that laminin gamma3, restricted to elongating spermatids, is a putative binding partner of alpha 6beta 1-integrin localized in Sertoli cells at the apical ES. However, the identity of the alpha and beta chains, which constitute a functional laminin ligand with the gamma3 chain at the apical ES, is not known. Using reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblotting to survey all laminin chains in cells of the seminiferous epithelium, it was noted that alpha 2, alpha 3, beta1, beta2, beta3, and gamma3 chains were found in germ cells, whereas alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 4, alpha 5, beta1, beta2, gamma1, gamma2, and gamma3 chains were found in Sertoli cells, implying that alpha 3 and beta3 are the plausible laminin chains restricted to germ cells that may be the bona fide partners of gamma3. To verify this postulate, recombinant proteins based on domain G of alpha 3 and domain I of beta3 and gamma3 chains were produced and used to obtain the corresponding specific polyclonal antibodies. Additional studies have demonstrated that the laminin alpha 3, beta3, and gamma3 chains indeed are restricted to germ cells at the apical ES, co-localizing with each other and with beta1-integrin. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation studies have confirmed the interactions among laminin alpha 3, beta3, and gamma3, as well as beta1-integrin. When the functional laminin ligand at the apical ES was disrupted via blocking antibodies, such as using anti-laminin alpha 3 or gamma3 IgG, this treatment perturbed adhesion between Sertoli and germ cells (mostly spermatids), leading to germ cell loss from the epithelium. More important, a transient disruption of the blood-testis barrier was also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H N Yan
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10021
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York 10021.
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Sharif KA, Li C, Gudas LJ. cis-acting DNA regulatory elements, including the retinoic acid response element, are required for tissue specific laminin B1 promoter/lacZ expression in transgenic mice. Mech Dev 2001; 103:13-25. [PMID: 11335108 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The LAMB1 gene encodes the laminin beta1 subunit of laminin, an extracellular matrix protein. Using several transgenic mouse lines containing various lengths of the LAMB1 promoter driving lacZ reporter gene expression, regions of LAMB1 promoter that contain cis-acting DNA regulatory element(s) have been identified. The 3.9LAMB1betagal transgene is expressed in various tissues during development. LAMB1 transgene expression is observed in a selective set of nephrons of the neonatal and adult kidneys. The cis-acting DNA regulatory elements responsible for LAMB1 transgene expression in ovaries and in juvenile kidneys are present between -'1.4 and -0.7 kb relative to the transcription start site, while those of adult kidneys are located between -2.5 and -1.4 kb. The LAMB1 transgene is also expressed in the epididymis of 1 week old transgenic mice. Mutation of the retinoic acid response element (RARE) in the context of the 3.9LAMB1betagal transgene results in loss of LAMB1 transgene expression in all tissues. Thus, sequences between -2.5 and -0.7 kb plus the RARE are required for appropriate expression of the LAMB1 transgene in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Li C, Gudas LJ. Sequences 5' of the basement membrane laminin beta 1 chain gene (LAMB1) direct the expression of beta-galactosidase during development of the mouse testis and ovary. Differentiation 1997; 62:129-37. [PMID: 9447707 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.1997.6230129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The murine LAMB1 gene encoding laminin beta 1 is expressed in the developing male and female gonads and mesonephros. To identify the cis-acting elements regulating the expression of LAMB1, murine transgenic lines were generated by fusing regions of the LAMB1 gene to the Eschericia coli lacZ gene. The p3.9LAM beta gal construct contained approximately 4 kb of 5' flanking sequence and directed beta-galactosidase expression in many different organs including the kidney, mammary gland, and the male and female genital systems, the focus of this report. In male embryos, between gestational ages E 14.5 and birth beta-galactosidase was transiently expressed in the prospermatogonia cells of the testis and in the differentiating epithelial cells in the ductus deferens, ductus epididymis, and seminal vesicles. In female embryos, beta-galactosidase was not detected in the ovary until about 1 week after birth; at this time, beta-galactosidase was expressed by oocytes of primary and secondary follicles. In contrast, transgenic mice carrying the first 0.7 kb of LAMB1 fused to the lacZ gene expressed beta-galactosidase only in the prospermatogonia cells of the testis. Thus, the cis-acting element(s) necessary for the expression of the LAMB1 gene in prospermatogonia cells are located in the first 0.7 kb of LAMB1 5' flanking sequence; element(s) required for expression of the LAMB1 gene in oocytes and epithelial cells of the mesonephric ducts, mesonephric tubules, the ductus deferens, ductus epididymis, and seminal vesicles are located with 4 kb 5' of the transcription initiation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Miedema K, Hanske M, Akhmanova A, Bindels P, Hennig W. Minor-myosin, a novel myosin isoform synthesized preferentially in Drosophila testis is encoded by the muscle myosin heavy chain gene. Mech Dev 1995; 51:67-81. [PMID: 7669694 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4773(95)00356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Searching for structural proteins involved in spermatogenesis of Drosophila, we found a novel myosin isoform in the testis of Drosophila hydei and D. melanogaster. The transcript encoding this isoform, which we called 'minor-myosin', initiates within the intron between exons 12 and 13 of the muscle myosin heavy chain (mMHC) gene. Minor-myosin contains a common myosin tail but no ordinary myosin head domain. Instead, it has a short N-terminal domain which displays similarity with the N-termini of certain myosin light chain proteins. Western blots with male germ line mutants showed that the novel mMHC isoform is synthesized in the male germ cells, mainly postmeiotically. However, minor-myosin is not testis-specific, as it is expressed at a low level in the fly carcasses. The possible functions of the myosin isoform in the male germ line are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miedema
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Catholic University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Spermatogenesis is very similar throughout the animal kingdom and is probably based on very old evolutionarily principles. Drosophila can serve as a suitable model system to understand the underlying processes. The molecular and ultrastructural data obtained for Drosophila germ cell development can be applied to understanding spermatogenesis in other organisms, including humans. Various methods used in studies of Drosophila spermatogenesis are presented together with observations which exemplify this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hennig
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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