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Shapiro JG, Changela N, Jang JK, Joshi JN, McKim KS. Distinct checkpoint and homolog biorientation pathways regulate meiosis I in Drosophila oocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.21.608908. [PMID: 39229242 PMCID: PMC11370425 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.21.608908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitosis and meiosis have two mechanisms for regulating the accuracy of chromosome segregation: error correction and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). We have investigated the function of several checkpoint proteins in meiosis I of Drosophila oocytes. Evidence of a SAC response by several of these proteins is found upon depolymerization of microtubules by colchicine. However, unattached kinetochores or errors in biorientation of homologous chromosomes does not induce a SAC response. Furthermore, the metaphase I arrest does not depend on SAC genes, suggesting the APC is inhibited even if the SAC is silenced. Two SAC proteins, ROD of the ROD-ZW10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex and MPS1, are also required for the biorientation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I, suggesting an error correction function. Both proteins aid in preventing or correcting erroneous attachments and depend on SPC105R for localization to the kinetochore. We have defined a region of SPC105R, amino acids 123-473, that is required for ROD localization and biorientation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis I. Surprisingly, ROD removal, or "streaming", is independent of the dynein adaptor Spindly and is not linked to the stabilization of end-on attachments. Instead, meiotic RZZ streaming appears to depend on cell cycle stage and may be regulated independently of kinetochore attachment or biorientation status. We also show that dynein adaptor Spindly is also required for biorientation at meiosis I, and surprisingly, the direction of RZZ streaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanatta G Shapiro
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Neha Changela
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Janet K Jang
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jay N Joshi
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kim S McKim
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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2
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Bellah SF, Xiong F, Dou Z, Yang F, Liu X, Yao X, Gao X, Zhang L. PLK1 phosphorylation of ZW10 guides accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 16:mjae008. [PMID: 38402459 PMCID: PMC11328731 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stable transmission of genetic information during cell division requires faithful chromosome segregation. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) dynamics at kinetochores control correct kinetochore-microtubule attachments and subsequent silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint. However, the mechanisms underlying PLK1-mediated silencing of the spindle checkpoint remain elusive. Here, we identified a regulatory mechanism by which PLK1-elicited zeste white 10 (ZW10) phosphorylation regulates spindle checkpoint silencing in mitosis. ZW10 is a cognate substrate of PLK1, and the phosphorylation of ZW10 at Ser12 enables dynamic ZW10-Zwint1 interactions. Inhibition of ZW10 phosphorylation resulted in misaligned chromosomes, while persistent expression of phospho-mimicking ZW10 mutant caused premature anaphase, in which sister chromatids entangled as cells entered anaphase. These findings reveal the previously uncharacterized PLK1-ZW10 interaction through which dynamic phosphorylation of ZW10 fine-tunes accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sm Faysal Bellah
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fangyuan Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fengrui Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xinjiao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology, Hefei 230027, China
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3
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d'Amico EA, Ud Din Ahmad M, Cmentowski V, Girbig M, Müller F, Wohlgemuth S, Brockmeyer A, Maffini S, Janning P, Vetter IR, Carter AP, Perrakis A, Musacchio A. Conformational transitions of the Spindly adaptor underlie its interaction with Dynein and Dynactin. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213466. [PMID: 36107127 PMCID: PMC9481740 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic Dynein 1, or Dynein, is a microtubule minus end-directed motor. Dynein motility requires Dynactin and a family of activating adaptors that stabilize the Dynein-Dynactin complex and promote regulated interactions with cargo in space and time. How activating adaptors limit Dynein activation to specialized subcellular locales is unclear. Here, we reveal that Spindly, a mitotic Dynein adaptor at the kinetochore corona, exists natively in a closed conformation that occludes binding of Dynein-Dynactin to its CC1 box and Spindly motif. A structure-based analysis identified various mutations promoting an open conformation of Spindly that binds Dynein-Dynactin. A region of Spindly downstream from the Spindly motif and not required for cargo binding faces the CC1 box and stabilizes the intramolecular closed conformation. This region is also required for robust kinetochore localization of Spindly, suggesting that kinetochores promote Spindly activation to recruit Dynein. Thus, our work illustrates how specific Dynein activation at a defined cellular locale may require multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio A d'Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Misbha Ud Din Ahmad
- Oncode Institute and Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Müller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Brockmeyer
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Oncode Institute and Department of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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4
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Raisch T, Ciossani G, d’Amico E, Cmentowski V, Carmignani S, Maffini S, Merino F, Wohlgemuth S, Vetter IR, Raunser S, Musacchio A. Structure of the RZZ complex and molecular basis of Spindly-driven corona assembly at human kinetochores. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110411. [PMID: 35373361 PMCID: PMC9058546 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, a ≈1 megadalton (MDa) multiprotein complex comprising the dynein-dynactin adaptor Spindly and the ROD-Zwilch-ZW10 (RZZ) complex is the building block of a fibrous biopolymer, the kinetochore fibrous corona. The corona assembles on mitotic kinetochores to promote microtubule capture and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. We report here a high-resolution cryo-EM structure that captures the essential features of the RZZ complex, including a farnesyl-binding site required for Spindly binding. Using a highly predictive in vitro assay, we demonstrate that the SAC kinase MPS1 is necessary and sufficient for corona assembly at supercritical concentrations of the RZZ-Spindly (RZZS) complex, and describe the molecular mechanism of phosphorylation-dependent filament nucleation. We identify several structural requirements for RZZS polymerization in rings and sheets. Finally, we identify determinants of kinetochore localization and corona assembly of Spindly. Our results describe a framework for the long-sought-for molecular basis of corona assembly on metazoan kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Raisch
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Present address:
European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Ennio d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Sara Carmignani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Felipe Merino
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Present address:
Department of Protein EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyTübingenGermany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural BiochemistryMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
- Centre for Medical BiotechnologyFaculty of BiologyUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
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5
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Gmel AI, Burger D, Neuditschko M. A Novel QTL and a Candidate Gene Are Associated with the Progressive Motility of Franches-Montagnes Stallion Spermatozoa after Thaw. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1501. [PMID: 34680896 PMCID: PMC8536120 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of frozen-thawed semen is an important reproduction tool to preserve the biodiversity of small, native horse breeds such as the Franches-Montagnes (FM). However, not all stallions produce cryotolerant semen with a progressive motility after thaw ≥ 35%. To improve our understanding of the genetic background of male fertility traits in both fresh and frozen-thawed semen, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on gel-free volume, sperm cell concentration, total sperm count, and progressive motility in fresh and frozen-thawed semen from 109 FM stallions using 335,494 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified one significant (p < 1.69 × 10-7) quantitative trait locus (QTL) on ECA6 within the SCN8A gene for progressive motility after thaw, which was previously associated with progressive motility in boars. Homozygous stallions showed a substantial drop in progressive motility after thaw. This QTL could be used to identify cryointolerant stallions, avoiding the costly cryopreservation process. Further studies are needed to confirm whether this QTL is also present in other horse breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annik Imogen Gmel
- Animal GenoPhenomics, Agroscope, Route de la Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland;
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Burger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Agroscope and University of Bern, Les Longs Prés, 1580 Avenches, Switzerland;
| | - Markus Neuditschko
- Animal GenoPhenomics, Agroscope, Route de la Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland;
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6
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Menant A, Karess RE. Mutations in the Drosophila rough deal gene affecting RZZ kinetochore function. Biol Cell 2020; 112:300-315. [PMID: 32602944 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RZZ complex, composed of the proteins Rough-Deal (Rod), Zw10 and Zwilch, plays a central role in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which assures proper sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. RZZ contributes to the regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint by helping to recruit Mad1-Mad2 and the microtubule motor dynein to unattached kinetochores. It is an important component of the outer kinetochore and specifically the fibrous corona whose expansion is believed to facilitate microtubule capture. How RZZ carries out its diverse activities is only poorly understood. The C-terminal region of the Rod subunit is relatively well-conserved across metazoan phylogeny, but no function has been attributed to it. RESULTS To explore the importance of the Rod_C domain in RZZ function in Drosophila, we generated a series of point mutations in a stretch of 200 residues within this domain and we report here their phenotypes. Several of the mutations profoundly disrupt recruitment of RZZ to kinetochores, including one in a temperature-sensitive manner, while still retaining the capacity to assemble into a complex with Zw10 and Zwilch. Others affect aspects of dynein activity or recruitment at the kinetochore. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the Rod_C domain participates in the protein interactions necessary for RZZ recruitment and functionality at kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Menant
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Roger E Karess
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013, France
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7
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Greenblatt EJ, Obniski R, Mical C, Spradling AC. Prolonged ovarian storage of mature Drosophila oocytes dramatically increases meiotic spindle instability. eLife 2019; 8:49455. [PMID: 31755866 PMCID: PMC6905857 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oocytes frequently generate aneuploid embryos that subsequently miscarry. In contrast, Drosophila oocytes from outbred laboratory stocks develop fully regardless of maternal age. Since mature Drosophila oocytes are not extensively stored in the ovary under laboratory conditions like they are in the wild, we developed a system to investigate how storage affects oocyte quality. The developmental capacity of stored mature Drosophila oocytes decays in a precise manner over 14 days at 25°C. These oocytes are transcriptionally inactive and persist using ongoing translation of stored mRNAs. Ribosome profiling revealed a progressive 2.3-fold decline in average translational efficiency during storage that correlates with oocyte functional decay. Although normal bipolar meiotic spindles predominate during the first week, oocytes stored for longer periods increasingly show tripolar, monopolar and other spindle defects, and give rise to embryos that fail to develop due to aneuploidy. Thus, meiotic chromosome segregation in mature Drosophila oocytes is uniquely sensitive to prolonged storage. Our work suggests the chromosome instability of human embryos could be mitigated by reducing the period of time mature human oocytes are stored in the ovary prior to ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Greenblatt
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rebecca Obniski
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Claire Mical
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Allan C Spradling
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
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8
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Pauleau AL, Bergner A, Kajtez J, Erhardt S. The checkpoint protein Zw10 connects CAL1-dependent CENP-A centromeric loading and mitosis duration in Drosophila cells. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008380. [PMID: 31553715 PMCID: PMC6779278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining feature of centromeres is the presence of the histone H3 variant CENP-A that replaces H3 in a subset of centromeric nucleosomes. In Drosophila cultured cells CENP-A deposition at centromeres takes place during the metaphase stage of the cell cycle and strictly depends on the presence of its specific chaperone CAL1. How CENP-A loading is restricted to mitosis is unknown. We found that overexpression of CAL1 is associated with increased CENP-A levels at centromeres and uncouples CENP-A loading from mitosis. Moreover, CENP-A levels inversely correlate with mitosis duration suggesting crosstalk of CENP-A loading with the regulatory machinery of mitosis. Mitosis length is influenced by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), and we found that CAL1 interacts with the SAC protein and RZZ complex component Zw10 and thus constitutes the anchor for the recruitment of RZZ. Therefore, CAL1 controls CENP-A incorporation at centromeres both quantitatively and temporally, connecting it to the SAC to ensure mitotic fidelity. Segregation of DNA during mitosis is a highly regulated process necessary to ensure the faithful transmission of genetic material to new daughter cells. Centromeric chromatin, which is defined by the presence of the histone H3 variant CENP-A, mediates the interaction of chromosomes with the spindle apparatus. In most organisms, CENP-A incorporation into centromeric chromatin is uncoupled from DNA replication and depends on specialized loading mechanisms and chaperones. In Drosophila cells, CENP-A loading takes place during mitosis and is mediated by its loading factor CAL1. We show that CAL1 controls the amount as well as the timing of CENP-A incorporation into centromeric chromatin. Moreover, CENP-A loading inversely correlates with the duration of mitosis. Mitosis length is influenced by the spindle assembly checkpoint, which ensures that all centromeres are attached correctly to the microtubule spindle. We identified the checkpoint protein and RZZ component Zw10 as a new interactor of CAL1. This interaction establishes a connection between CENP-A loading and mitosis control. We hypothesize that this crosstalk between CENP-A loading and spindle assembly checkpoint ensures that mitosis does not proceed until a sufficient amount of CENP-A is incorporated, thereby safeguarding centromere function and chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Pauleau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- CellNetworks Excellence Cluster, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Bergner
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- CellNetworks Excellence Cluster, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janko Kajtez
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Erhardt
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- CellNetworks Excellence Cluster, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Liu S, Majeed W, Grigaitis P, Betts MJ, Climer LK, Starkuviene V, Storrie B. Epistatic Analysis of the Contribution of Rabs and Kifs to CATCHR Family Dependent Golgi Organization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:126. [PMID: 31428608 PMCID: PMC6687757 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisubunit members of the CATCHR family: COG and NRZ complexes, mediate intra-Golgi and Golgi to ER vesicle tethering, respectively. We systematically addressed the genetic and functional interrelationships between Rabs, Kifs, and the retrograde CATCHR family proteins: COG3 and ZW10, which are necessary to maintain the organization of the Golgi complex. We scored the ability of siRNAs targeting 19 Golgi-associated Rab proteins and all 44 human Kifs, microtubule-dependent motor proteins, to suppress CATCHR-dependent Golgi fragmentation in an epistatic fluorescent microscopy-based assay. We found that co-depletion of Rab6A, Rab6A’, Rab27A, Rab39A and two minus-end Kifs, namely KIFC3 and KIF25, suppressed both COG3- and ZW10-depletion-induced Golgi fragmentation. ZW10-dependent Golgi fragmentation was suppressed selectively by a separate set of Rabs: Rab11A, Rab33B and the little characterized Rab29. 10 Kifs were identified as hits in ZW10-depletion-induced Golgi fragmentation, and, in contrast to the double suppressive Kifs, these were predominantly plus-end motors. No Rabs or Kifs selectively suppressed COG3-depletion-induced Golgi fragmentation. Protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated putative direct and indirect links between suppressive Rabs and tether function. Validation of the suppressive hits by EM confirmed a restored organization of the Golgi cisternal stack. Based on these outcomes, we propose a three-way competitive model of Golgi organization in which Rabs, Kifs and tethers modulate sequentially the balance between Golgi-derived vesicle formation, consumption, and off-Golgi transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Waqar Majeed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Pranas Grigaitis
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Betts
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leslie K Climer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Vytaute Starkuviene
- Centre for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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10
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Zw10 is a spindle assembly checkpoint protein that regulates meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:207-215. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Ciossani G, Overlack K, Petrovic A, Huis In 't Veld PJ, Koerner C, Wohlgemuth S, Maffini S, Musacchio A. The kinetochore proteins CENP-E and CENP-F directly and specifically interact with distinct BUB mitotic checkpoint Ser/Thr kinases. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10084-10101. [PMID: 29748388 PMCID: PMC6028960 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The segregation of chromosomes during cell division relies on the function of the kinetochores, protein complexes that physically connect chromosomes with microtubules of the spindle. The metazoan proteins, centromere protein E (CENP-E) and CENP-F, are components of a fibrous layer of mitotic kinetochores named the corona. Several of their features suggest that CENP-E and CENP-F are paralogs: they are very large (comprising ∼2700 and 3200 residues, respectively), contain abundant predicted coiled-coil structures, are C-terminally prenylated, and are endowed with microtubule-binding sites at their termini. Moreover, CENP-E contains an ATP-hydrolyzing motor domain that promotes microtubule plus end–directed motion. Here, we show that both CENP-E and CENP-F are recruited to mitotic kinetochores independently of the main corona constituent, the Rod/Zwilch/ZW10 (RZZ) complex. We identified specific interactions of CENP-F and CENP-E with budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 (BUB1) and BUB1-related (BUBR1) mitotic checkpoint Ser/Thr kinases, respectively, paralogous proteins involved in mitotic checkpoint control and chromosome alignment. Whereas BUBR1 was dispensable for kinetochore localization of CENP-E, BUB1 was stringently required for CENP-F localization. Through biochemical reconstitution, we demonstrated that the CENP-E/BUBR1 and CENP-F/BUB1 interactions are direct and require similar determinants, a dimeric coiled-coil in CENP-E or CENP-F and a kinase domain in BUBR1 or BUB1. Our findings are consistent with the existence of structurally similar BUB1/CENP-F and BUBR1/CENP-E complexes, supporting the notion that CENP-E and CENP-F are evolutionarily related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ciossani
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Katharina Overlack
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Arsen Petrovic
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Pim J Huis In 't Veld
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Carolin Koerner
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Stefano Maffini
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- From the Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund and .,the Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse, 45141 Essen, Germany
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12
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Mosalaganti S, Keller J, Altenfeld A, Winzker M, Rombaut P, Saur M, Petrovic A, Wehenkel A, Wohlgemuth S, Müller F, Maffini S, Bange T, Herzog F, Waldmann H, Raunser S, Musacchio A. Structure of the RZZ complex and molecular basis of its interaction with Spindly. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:961-981. [PMID: 28320825 PMCID: PMC5379955 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rod–Zw10–Zwilch (RZZ) complex assembles as a fibrous corona on kinetochores before microtubule attachment during mitotic spindle formation. Mosalaganti et al. provide new structural insight into the Spindly–RZZ complex that suggests that it resembles a dynein adaptor–cargo pair in the kinetochore corona. Kinetochores are macromolecular assemblies that connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules (MTs) during mitosis. The metazoan-specific ≈800-kD ROD–Zwilch–ZW10 (RZZ) complex builds a fibrous corona that assembles on mitotic kinetochores before MT attachment to promote chromosome alignment and robust spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. In this study, we combine biochemical reconstitutions, single-particle electron cryomicroscopy, cross-linking mass spectrometry, and structural modeling to build a complete model of human RZZ. We find that RZZ is structurally related to self-assembling cytosolic coat scaffolds that mediate membrane cargo trafficking, including Clathrin, Sec13–Sec31, and αβ’ε-COP. We show that Spindly, a dynein adaptor, is related to BicD2 and binds RZZ directly in a farnesylation-dependent but membrane-independent manner. Through a targeted chemical biology approach, we identify ROD as the Spindly farnesyl receptor. Our results suggest that RZZ is dynein’s cargo at human kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Mosalaganti
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jenny Keller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anika Altenfeld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Winzker
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pascaline Rombaut
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Saur
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arsen Petrovic
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annemarie Wehenkel
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franziska Müller
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tanja Bange
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Franz Herzog
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany .,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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13
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Musacchio A, Desai A. A Molecular View of Kinetochore Assembly and Function. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:E5. [PMID: 28125021 PMCID: PMC5371998 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kinetochores are large protein assemblies that connect chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles in order to distribute the replicated genome from a mother cell to its daughters. Kinetochores also control feedback mechanisms responsible for the correction of incorrect microtubule attachments, and for the coordination of chromosome attachment with cell cycle progression. Finally, kinetochores contribute to their own preservation, across generations, at the specific chromosomal loci devoted to host them, the centromeres. They achieve this in most species by exploiting an epigenetic, DNA-sequence-independent mechanism; notable exceptions are budding yeasts where a specific sequence is associated with centromere function. In the last 15 years, extensive progress in the elucidation of the composition of the kinetochore and the identification of various physical and functional modules within its substructure has led to a much deeper molecular understanding of kinetochore organization and the origins of its functional output. Here, we provide a broad summary of this progress, focusing primarily on kinetochores of humans and budding yeast, while highlighting work from other models, and present important unresolved questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Straße 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany.
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Défachelles L, Raich N, Terracol R, Baudin X, Williams B, Goldberg M, Karess RE. RZZ and Mad1 dynamics in Drosophila mitosis. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:333-42. [PMID: 25772408 PMCID: PMC4469085 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence or absence of Mad1 at kinetochores is a major determinant of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activity, the surveillance mechanism that delays anaphase onset if one or more kinetochores remain unattached to spindle fibers. Among the factors regulating the levels of Mad1 at kinetochores is the Rod, Zw10, and Zwilch (RZZ) complex, which is required for Mad1 recruitment through a mechanism that remains unknown. The relative dynamics and interactions of Mad1 and RZZ at kinetochores have not been extensively investigated, although Mad1 has been reported to be stably recruited to unattached kinetochores. In this study, we directly compare Mad1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) turnover dynamics on unattached Drosophila kinetochores with that of RZZ, tagged either with GFP-Rod or GFP-Zw10. We find that nearly 40 % of kinetochore-bound Mad1 has a significant dynamic component, turning over with a half-life of 12 s. RZZ in contrast is essentially stable on unattached kinetochores. In addition, we report that a fraction of RZZ and Mad1 can co-immunoprecipitate, indicating that the genetically determined recruitment hierarchy (in which Mad1 depends on RZZ) may reflect a physical association of the two complexes.
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15
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Connecting up and clearing out: how kinetochore attachment silences the spindle assembly checkpoint. Chromosoma 2012; 121:509-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-012-0378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Wainman A, Giansanti MG, Goldberg ML, Gatti M. The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking and cytokinesis. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4014-25. [PMID: 22685323 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.099820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zw10 protein, in the context of the conserved Rod-Zwilch-Zw10 (RZZ) complex, is a kinetochore component required for proper activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint in both Drosophila and mammals. In mammalian and yeast cells, the Zw10 homologues, together with the conserved RINT1/Tip20p and NAG/Sec39p proteins, form a second complex involved in vesicle transport between Golgi and ER. However, it is currently unknown whether Zw10 and the NAG family member Rod are also involved in Drosophila membrane trafficking. Here we show that Zw10 is enriched at both the Golgi stacks and the ER of Drosophila spermatocytes. Rod is concentrated at the Golgi but not at the ER, whereas Zwilch does not accumulate in any membrane compartment. Mutations in zw10 and RNAi against the Drosophila homologue of RINT1 (rint1) cause strong defects in Golgi morphology and reduce the number of Golgi stacks. Mutations in rod also affect Golgi morphology, whereas zwilch mutants do not exhibit gross Golgi defects. Loss of either Zw10 or Rint1 results in frequent failures of spermatocyte cytokinesis, whereas Rod or Zwilch are not required for this process. Spermatocytes lacking zw10 or rint1 function assemble regular central spindles and acto-myosin rings, but furrow ingression halts prematurely due to defective plasma membrane addition. Collectively, our results suggest that Zw10 and Rint1 cooperate in the ER-Golgi trafficking and in plasma membrane formation during spermatocyte cytokinesis. Our findings further suggest that Rod plays a Golgi-related function that is not required for spermatocyte cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wainman
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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17
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Batiha O, Swan A. Evidence that the spindle assembly checkpoint does not regulate APC(Fzy) activity in Drosophila female meiosis. Genome 2011; 55:63-7. [PMID: 22196012 DOI: 10.1139/g11-079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) plays an important role in mitotic cells to sense improper chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules and to inhibit APC(Fzy)-dependent destruction of cyclin B and Securin; consequent initiation of anaphase until correct attachments are made. In Drosophila , SAC genes have been found to play a role in ensuring proper chromosome segregation in meiosis, possibly reflecting a similar role for the SAC in APC(Fzy) inhibition during meiosis. We found that loss of function mutations in SAC genes, Mad2, zwilch, and mps1, do not lead to the predicted rise in APC(Fzy)-dependent degradation of cyclin B either globally throughout the egg or locally on the meiotic spindle. Further, the SAC is not responsible for the inability of APC(Fzy) to target cyclin B and promote anaphase in metaphase II arrested eggs from cort mutant females. Our findings support the argument that SAC proteins play checkpoint independent roles in Drosophila female meiosis and that other mechanisms must function to control APC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamah Batiha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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18
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Civril F, Wehenkel A, Giorgi FM, Santaguida S, Di Fonzo A, Grigorean G, Ciccarelli FD, Musacchio A. Structural analysis of the RZZ complex reveals common ancestry with multisubunit vesicle tethering machinery. Structure 2010; 18:616-26. [PMID: 20462495 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The RZZ complex recruits dynein to kinetochores. We investigated structure, topology, and interactions of the RZZ subunits (ROD, ZWILCH, and ZW10) in vitro, in vivo, and in silico. We identify neuroblastoma-amplified gene (NAG), a ZW10 binder, as a ROD homolog. ROD and NAG contain an N-terminal beta propeller followed by an alpha solenoid, which is the architecture of certain nucleoporins and vesicle coat subunits, suggesting a distant evolutionary relationship. ZW10 binding to ROD and NAG is mutually exclusive. The resulting ZW10 complexes (RZZ and NRZ) respectively contain ZWILCH and RINT1 as additional subunits. The X-ray structure of ZWILCH, the first for an RZZ subunit, reveals a novel fold distinct from RINT1's. The evolutionarily conserved NRZ likely acts as a tethering complex for retrograde trafficking of COPI vesicles from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum. The RZZ, limited to metazoans, probably evolved from the NRZ, exploiting the dynein-binding capacity of ZW10 to direct dynein to kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Civril
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, I-20139 Milan, Italy
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19
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Schulz I, Erle A, Gräf R, Krüger A, Lohmeier H, Putzler S, Samereier M, Weidenthaler S. Identification and cell cycle-dependent localization of nine novel, genuine centrosomal components inDictyostelium discoideum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:915-28. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.20384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Reis R, Feijão T, Gouveia S, Pereira AJ, Matos I, Sampaio P, Maiato H, Sunkel CE. Dynein and Mast/Orbit/CLASP have antagonistic roles in regulating kinetochore-microtubule plus-end dynamics. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2543-53. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.044818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of the mitotic spindle requires the balanced activity of microtubule-associated proteins and motors. In this study we have addressed how the microtubule plus-end tracking protein Mast/Orbit/CLASP and cytoplasmic dynein regulate this process in Drosophila melanogaster embryos and S2 cells. We show that Mast accumulates at kinetochores early in mitosis, which is followed by a poleward streaming upon microtubule attachment. This leads to a reduction of Mast levels at kinetochores during metaphase and anaphase that depends largely on the microtubule minus end-directed motor cytoplasmic dynein. Surprisingly, we also found that co-depletion of Dynein rescues spindle bipolarity in Mast-depleted cells, while restoring normal microtubule poleward flux. Our results suggest that Mast and Dynein have antagonistic roles in the local regulation of microtubule plus-end dynamics at kinetochores, which are important for the maintenance of spindle bipolarity and normal spindle length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Reis
- IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tália Feijão
- IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Gouveia
- IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - António J. Pereira
- IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Matos
- IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Sampaio
- IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudio E. Sunkel
- IBMC Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Lu Y, Wang Z, Ge L, Chen N, Liu H. The RZZ complex and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Cell Struct Funct 2009; 34:31-45. [PMID: 19420794 DOI: 10.1247/csf.08040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved protein Rod is found in various organisms. It is localized on the kinetochores or spindle microtubules during cell division. Rod is required for proper chromosome segregation during both mitosis and meiosis. The effects of rod mutations are similar for both equational and reductional divisions, giving rise to anaphases with lagging chromosomes and/or unequal numbers of chromosomes at the two poles. Recent studies have shown that Rod is a significant component of the mitotic checkpoint. It can form the RZZ complex with Zw10 and Zwilch, which plays an important role in maintaining a functional spindle assembly checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, Institute of Cell Biology, Life Science School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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22
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Famulski JK, Vos L, Sun X, Chan G. Stable hZW10 kinetochore residency, mediated by hZwint-1 interaction, is essential for the mitotic checkpoint. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 180:507-20. [PMID: 18268100 PMCID: PMC2234252 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200708021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint is an essential surveillance mechanism that ensures high fidelity chromosome segregation during mitosis. Mitotic checkpoint function depends on numerous kinetochore proteins, including ZW10, ROD, and Zwilch (the ROD–ZW10–Zwilch complex). Through an extensive mutagenesis screen of hZW10, we have mapped the kinetochore localization domain of hZW10 as well as the hZwint-1 interaction domain. We find that hZwint-1–noninteracting mutants still localize to kinetochores. In addition, using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we have found that hZW10 residency at metaphase kinetochores is brief (half-time of 13 s). However, during prometaphase or at unattached kinetochores, enhanced green fluorescent protein–hZW10 becomes a stable component of the kinetochore. Moreover, we find that stable hZW10 kinetochore residency at prometaphase kinetochores is dependent on its interaction with hZwint-1, and is essential for mitotic checkpoint arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub K Famulski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Li Y, Yu W, Liang Y, Zhu X. Kinetochore dynein generates a poleward pulling force to facilitate congression and full chromosome alignment. Cell Res 2007; 17:701-12. [PMID: 17680027 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2007.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For proper chromosome segregation, all kinetochores must achieve bipolar microtubule (MT) attachment and subsequently align at the spindle equator before anaphase onset. The MT minus end-directed motor dynein/dynactin binds kinetochores in prometaphase and has long been implicated in chromosome congression. Unfortunately, inactivation of dynein usually disturbs spindle organization, thus hampering evaluation of its kinetochore roles. Here we specifically eliminated kinetochore dynein/dynactin by RNAi-mediated depletion of ZW10, a protein essential for kinetochore localization of the motor. Time-lapse microscopy indicated markedly-reduced congression efficiency, though congressing chromosomes displayed similar velocities as in control cells. Moreover, cells frequently failed to achieve full chromosome alignment, despite their normal spindles. Confocal microcopy revealed that the misaligned kinetochores were monooriented or unattached and mostly lying outside the spindle, suggesting a difficulty to capture MTs from the opposite pole. Kinetochores on monoastral spindles were dispersed farther away from the pole and exhibited only mild oscillation. Furthermore, inactivating dynein by other means generated similar phenotypes. Therefore, kinetochore dynein produces on monooriented kinetochores a poleward pulling force, which may contribute to efficient bipolar attachment by facilitating their proper microtubule captures to promote congression as well as full chromosome alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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24
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Aurora B Kinase-Dependent Recruitment of hZW10 and hROD to Tensionless Kinetochores. Curr Biol 2007; 17:2143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Griffis ER, Stuurman N, Vale RD. Spindly, a novel protein essential for silencing the spindle assembly checkpoint, recruits dynein to the kinetochore. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 177:1005-15. [PMID: 17576797 PMCID: PMC2064361 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200702062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) monitors microtubule attachment to kinetochores and prevents anaphase onset until all kinetochores are aligned on the metaphase plate. In higher eukaryotes, cytoplasmic dynein is involved in silencing the SAC by removing the checkpoint proteins Mad2 and the Rod–Zw10–Zwilch complex (RZZ) from aligned kinetochores (Howell, B.J., B.F. McEwen, J.C. Canman, D.B. Hoffman, E.M. Farrar, C.L. Rieder, and E.D. Salmon. 2001. J. Cell Biol. 155:1159–1172; Wojcik, E., R. Basto, M. Serr, F. Scaerou, R. Karess, and T. Hays. 2001. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:1001–1007). Using a high throughput RNA interference screen in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells, we have identified a new protein (Spindly) that accumulates on unattached kinetochores and is required for silencing the SAC. After the depletion of Spindly, dynein cannot target to kinetochores, and, as a result, cells arrest in metaphase with high levels of kinetochore-bound Mad2 and RZZ. We also identified a human homologue of Spindly that serves a similar function. However, dynein's nonkinetochore functions are unaffected by Spindly depletion. Our findings indicate that Spindly is a novel regulator of mitotic dynein, functioning specifically to target dynein to kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Griffis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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26
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Liang Y, Yu W, Li Y, Yu L, Zhang Q, Wang F, Yang Z, Du J, Huang Q, Yao X, Zhu X. Nudel modulates kinetochore association and function of cytoplasmic dynein in M phase. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:2656-66. [PMID: 17494871 PMCID: PMC1924840 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-04-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-based motor cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin is a force generator at the kinetochore. It also transports proteins away from kinetochores to spindle poles. Regulation of such diverse functions, however, is poorly understood. We have previously shown that Nudel is critical for dynein-mediated protein transport, whereas mitosin, a kinetochore protein that binds Nudel, is involved in retention of kinetochore dynein/dynactin against microtubule-dependent stripping. Here we demonstrate that Nudel is required for robust localization of dynein/dynactin at the kinetochore. It localizes to kinetochores after nuclear envelope breakdown, depending mostly ( approximately 78%) on mitosin and slightly on dynein/dynactin. Depletion of Nudel by RNA interference (RNAi) or overexpression of its mutant incapable of binding either Lis1 or dynein heavy chain abolishes the kinetochore protein transport and mitotic progression. Similar to mitosin RNAi, Nudel RNAi also leads to increased stripping of kinetochore dynein/dynactin in the presence of microtubules. Taking together, our results suggest a dual role of kinetochore Nudel: it activates dynein-mediated protein transport and, when interacting with both mitosin and dynein, stabilizes kinetochore dynein/dynactin against microtubule-dependent stripping to facilitate the force generation function of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liang
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Wei Yu
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Yan Li
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Lihou Yu
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Qiangge Zhang
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Fubin Wang
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Zhenye Yang
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Juan Du
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Qiongping Huang
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences and the School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- *Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; and
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Kim H, Park TS, Lee WK, Moon S, Kim JN, Shin JH, Jung JG, Lee SD, Park SH, Park KJ, Kim MA, Shin SS, Kim TM, Nam J, Kang Y, Lim JM, Han JY. MPSS profiling of embryonic gonad and primordial germ cells in chicken. Physiol Genomics 2007; 29:253-9. [PMID: 17264242 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00067.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) provides a greater depth of coverage than expressed sequence tag scan or microarray and provides a comprehensive expression profile. We used the MPSS technology to uncover gene expression profiling in the early embryonic gonads and primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the chicken. Total numbers of sequenced signatures were 1,012,533 and 995,676 for the PGCs and gonad, respectively. Using a noise distribution model, we found that 1.67% of all signatures are expressed at a higher level in PCGs and 2.81% of all signatures are expressed at a higher level in the gonad. The MPSS data are presented via an interactive web interface available at http://snugenome.snu.ac.kr/MPSS . The MPSS data have been submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (accession number GSM137300 and GSM137301 for PGCs and gonad, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Chan GK, Liu ST, Yen TJ. Kinetochore structure and function. Trends Cell Biol 2005; 15:589-98. [PMID: 16214339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate kinetochore is a complex structure that specifies the attachments between the chromosomes and microtubules of the spindle and is thus essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Kinetochores are assembled on centromeric chromatin through complex pathways that are coordinated with the cell cycle. In the light of recent discoveries on how proteins assemble onto kinetochores and interact with each other, we review these findings in this article (which is part of the Chromosome Segregation and Aneuploidy series), and discuss their implications for the current mitotic checkpoint models - the template model and the two-step model. The template model proposes that Mad1-Mad2 at kinetochores acts as a template to change the conformation of another binding molecule of Mad2. This templated change in conformation is postulated as a mechanism for the amplification of the 'anaphase wait' signal. The two-step model proposes that the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) is the kinetochore-independent anaphase inhibitor, and the role of the unaligned kinetochore is to sensitize the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) to MCC-mediated inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon K Chan
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.
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29
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Siller KH, Serr M, Steward R, Hays TS, Doe CQ. Live imaging of Drosophila brain neuroblasts reveals a role for Lis1/dynactin in spindle assembly and mitotic checkpoint control. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 16:5127-40. [PMID: 16107559 PMCID: PMC1266413 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-04-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Revised: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lis1 is required for nuclear migration in fungi, cell cycle progression in mammals, and the formation of a folded cerebral cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactin-dependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate and/or characterize mutants for Drosophila Lis1 and a dynactin subunit, Glued, to investigate the role of Lis1/dynactin in mitotic checkpoint function. In addition, we develop an improved time-lapse video microscopy technique that allows live imaging of GFP-Lis1, GFP-Rod checkpoint protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled chromosomes, or GFP-labeled mitotic spindle dynamics in neuroblasts within whole larval brain explants. Our mutant analyses show that Lis1/dynactin have at least two independent functions during mitosis: first promoting centrosome separation and bipolar spindle assembly during prophase/prometaphase, and subsequently generating interkinetochore tension and transporting checkpoint proteins off kinetochores during metaphase, thus promoting timely anaphase onset. Furthermore, we show that Lis1/dynactin/dynein physically associate and colocalize on centrosomes, spindle MTs, and kinetochores, and that regulation of Lis1/dynactin kinetochore localization in Drosophila differs from both Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals. We conclude that Lis1/dynactin act together to regulate multiple, independent functions in mitotic cells, including spindle formation and cell cycle checkpoint release.
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Karess R. Rod–Zw10–Zwilch: a key player in the spindle checkpoint. Trends Cell Biol 2005; 15:386-92. [PMID: 15922598 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Revised: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 05/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint assures the proper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. The best-characterized components of the checkpoint were originally identified in budding yeast. But three proteins with no yeast homologs--Rod, Zw10 and Zwilch--also play a crucial, but poorly understood, role in the metazoan spindle checkpoint. Recent work has begun to reveal the function of these proteins. The three form a complex (the RZZ complex), which is required for the recruitment of two better-known components of the kinetochore--the dynein-dynactin complex, and Mad1-Mad2. It has now been established that RZZ is directly or indirectly responsible for both Mad1-Mad2 recruitment to unattached kinetochores and its subsequent shedding from kinetochores following MT attachment, and thus is involved in both the activation and inactivation of the checkpoint. This review (which is part of the Chromosome Segregation and Aneuploidy series) covers recent developments in our understanding of RZZ dynamics and its function in the checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Karess
- CNRS, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Ave de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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31
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Maiato H, Sampaio P, Sunkel CE. Microtubule-associated proteins and their essential roles during mitosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 241:53-153. [PMID: 15548419 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(04)41002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules play essential roles during mitosis, including chromosome capture, congression, and segregation. In addition, microtubules are also required for successful cytokinesis. At the heart of these processes is the ability of microtubules to do work, a property that derives from their intrinsic dynamic behavior. However, if microtubule dynamics were not properly regulated, it is certain that microtubules alone could not accomplish any of these tasks. In vivo, the regulation of microtubule dynamics is the responsibility of microtubule-associated proteins. Among these, we can distinguish several classes according to their function: (1) promotion and stabilization of microtubule polymerization, (2) destabilization or severance of microtubules, (3) functioning as linkers between various structures, or (4) motility-related functions. Here we discuss how the various properties of microtubule-associated proteins can be used to assemble an efficient mitotic apparatus capable of ensuring the bona fide transmission of the genetic information in animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Maiato
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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32
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Timoshevsky VA, Nazarenko SA. Interphase cytogenetics in estimation of genomic mutations in somatic cells. RUSS J GENET+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11177-005-0001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Mitosis: Regulation and organization of cell division. RUSS J GENET+ 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11177-005-0050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang H, Hu X, Ding X, Dou Z, Yang Z, Shaw AW, Teng M, Cleveland DW, Goldberg ML, Niu L, Yao X. Human Zwint-1 specifies localization of Zeste White 10 to kinetochores and is essential for mitotic checkpoint signaling. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:54590-8. [PMID: 15485811 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407588200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation in mitosis is orchestrated by dynamic interaction between spindle microtubules and the kinetochore, a multiprotein complex assembled onto centromeric DNA of the chromosome. Here we show that Zwint-1 is required and is sufficient for kinetochore localization of Zeste White 10 (ZW10) in HeLa cells. Zwint-1 specifies the kinetochore association of ZW10 by interacting with its N-terminal domain. Suppression of synthesis of Zwint-1 by small interfering RNA abolishes the localization of ZW10 to the kinetochore, demonstrating the requirement of Zwint-1 for ZW10 kinetochore localization. In addition, depletion of Zwint-1 affects no mitotic arrest but causes aberrant premature chromosome segregation. These Zwint-1-suppressed cells display chromosome bridge phenotype with sister chromatids inter-connected. Moreover, Zwint-1 is required for stable association of CENP-F and dynamitin but not BUB1 with the kinetochore. Finally, our studies show that Zwint-1 is a new component of the mitotic check-point, as cells lacking Zwint-1 fail to arrest in mitosis when exposed to microtubule inhibitors, yielding interphase cells with multinuclei. As ZW10 and Zwint-1 are absent from yeast, we reasoned that metazoans evolved an elaborate spindle checkpoint machinery to ensure faithful chromosome segregation in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Structure Biology and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei 230027, China
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35
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Hirose H, Arasaki K, Dohmae N, Takio K, Hatsuzawa K, Nagahama M, Tani K, Yamamoto A, Tohyama M, Tagaya M. Implication of ZW10 in membrane trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. EMBO J 2004; 23:1267-78. [PMID: 15029241 PMCID: PMC381410 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Accepted: 01/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
ZW10, a dynamitin-interacting protein associated with kinetochores, is known to participate directly in turning off of the spindle checkpoint. In the present study, we show that ZW10 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum as well as in the cytosol during interphase, and forms a subcomplex with RINT-1 (Rad50-interacting protein) and p31 in a large complex comprising syntaxin 18, an endoplasmic reticulum-localized t-SNARE implicated in membrane trafficking. Like conventional syntaxin-binding proteins, ZW10, RINT-1 and p31 dissociated from syntaxin 18 upon Mg(2+)-ATP treatment in the presence of NSF and alpha-SNAP, whereas the subcomplex was not disassembled. Overexpression, microinjection and knockdown experiments revealed that ZW10 is involved in membrane trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. The present results disclose an unexpected role for a spindle checkpoint protein, ZW10, during interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Hirose
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Arasaki
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Division, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Takio
- Biomolecular Characterization Division, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hatsuzawa
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Nagahama
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Tani
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitsugu Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masaya Tohyama
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Tagaya
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan. Tel.: +81 426 777496; Fax: +81 426 768866; E-mail:
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36
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Basto R, Scaerou F, Mische S, Wojcik E, Lefebvre C, Gomes R, Hays T, Karess R. In vivo dynamics of the rough deal checkpoint protein during Drosophila mitosis. Curr Biol 2004; 14:56-61. [PMID: 14711415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2003.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rough Deal (Rod) and Zw10 are components of a complex required for the metazoan metaphase checkpoint and for recruitment of dynein/dynactin to the kinetochore. The Rod complex, like most classical metaphase checkpoint components, forms part of the outer domain of unattached kinetochores. Here we analyze the dynamics of a GFP-Rod chimera in living syncytial Drosophila embryos. Uniquely among checkpoint proteins, GFP-Rod robustly streams from kinetochores along microtubules, from the time of chromosome attachment until anaphase onset. Prometaphase and metaphase kinetochores continuously recruit new Rod, thus feeding the current. Rod flux from kinetochores appears to require biorientation but not tension because it continues in the presence of taxol. As with Mad2, kinetochore- and spindle-associated Rod rapidly turns over with free cytosolic Rod, both during normal mitosis and after colchicine treatment, with a t1/2 of 25-45 s. GFP-Rod coimmunoprecipitates with dynein/dynactin, and in the absence of microtubules both Rod and dynactin accumulate on kinetochores. Nevertheless, Rod and dynein/dynactin behavior are distinguishable. We propose that the Rod complex is a major component of the fibrous corona and that the recruitment of Rod during metaphase is required to replenish kinetochore dynein after checkpoint conditions have been satisfied but before anaphase onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Basto
- Centre de National de Récherche Scientifique, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Avenue de la Terasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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37
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Parry DH, Hickson GRX, O'Farrell PH. Cyclin B destruction triggers changes in kinetochore behavior essential for successful anaphase. Curr Biol 2003; 13:647-53. [PMID: 12699620 PMCID: PMC2749715 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Successful mitosis requires that anaphase chromosomes sustain a commitment to move to their assigned spindle poles. This requires stable spindle attachment of anaphase kinetochores. Prior to anaphase, stable spindle attachment depends on tension created by opposing forces on sister kinetochores [1]. Because tension is lost when kinetochores disjoin, stable attachment in anaphase must have a different basis. After expression of nondegradable cyclin B (CYC-B(S)) in Drosophila embryos, sister chromosomes disjoined normally but their anaphase behavior was abnormal [2]. Chromosomes exhibited cycles of reorientation from one pole to the other. Additionally, the unpaired kinetochores accumulated attachments to both poles (merotelic attachments), congressed (again) to a pseudometaphase plate, and reacquired associations with checkpoint proteins more characteristic of prometaphase kinetochores. Unpaired prometaphase kinetochores, which occurred in a mutant entering mitosis with unreplicated (unpaired) chromosomes, behaved just like the anaphase kinetochores at the CYC-B(S) arrest. Finally, the normal anaphase release of AuroraB/INCENP from kinetochores was blocked by CYC-B(S) expression and, reciprocally, was advanced in a CycB mutant. Given its established role in destabilizing kinetochore-microtubule interactions [3], Aurora B dissociation is likely to be key to the change in kinetochore behavior. These findings show that, in addition to loss of sister chromosome cohesion, successful anaphase requires a kinetochore behavioral transition triggered by CYC-B destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin H Parry
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California-San Francisco, Genentech Hall, 600-16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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38
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Williams BC, Li Z, Liu S, Williams EV, Leung G, Yen TJ, Goldberg ML. Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for kinetochore functions. Mol Biol Cell 2003; 14:1379-91. [PMID: 12686595 PMCID: PMC153108 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02-09-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zeste-White 10 (ZW10) and Rough Deal (ROD) proteins are part of a complex necessary for accurate chromosome segregation. This complex recruits cytoplasmic dynein to the kinetochore and participates in the spindle checkpoint. We used immunoaffinity chromatography and mass spectroscopy to identify the Drosophila proteins in this complex. We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch. Zwilch localizes to kinetochores and kinetochore microtubules in a manner identical to ZW10 and ROD. We have also isolated a zwilch mutant, which exhibits the same mitotic phenotypes associated with zw10 and rod mutations: lagging chromosomes at anaphase and precocious sister chromatid separation upon activation of the spindle checkpoint. Zwilch's role within the context of this complex is evolutionarily conserved. The human Zwilch protein (hZwilch) coimmunoprecipitates with hZW10 and hROD from HeLa cell extracts and localizes to the kinetochores at prometaphase. Finally, we discuss immunoaffinity chromatography results that suggest the existence of a weak interaction between the ZW10/ROD/Zwilch complex and the kinesin-like kinetochore component CENP-meta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron C Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2703, USA
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39
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Cleveland DW, Mao Y, Sullivan KF. Centromeres and kinetochores: from epigenetics to mitotic checkpoint signaling. Cell 2003; 112:407-21. [PMID: 12600307 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 768] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The centromere is a chromosomal locus that ensures delivery of one copy of each chromosome to each daughter at cell division. Efforts to understand the nature and specification of the centromere have demonstrated that this central element for ensuring inheritance is itself epigenetically determined. The kinetochore, the protein complex assembled at each centromere, serves as the attachment site for spindle microtubules and the site at which motors generate forces to power chromosome movement. Unattached kinetochores are also the signal generators for the mitotic checkpoint, which arrests mitosis until all kinetochores have correctly attached to spindle microtubules, thereby representing the major cell cycle control mechanism protecting against loss of a chromosome (aneuploidy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Centromere function requires the proper coordination of several subfunctions, such as kinetochore assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, binding of kinetochore microtubules, orientation of sister kinetochores to opposite spindle poles, and their movement towards the spindle poles. Centromere structure appears to be organized in different, separable domains in order to accomplish these functions. Despite the conserved nature of centromere functions, the molecular genetic definition of the DNA sequences that form a centromere in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and in humans has revealed little conservation at the level of centromere DNA sequences. Also at the protein level few centromere proteins are conserved in all of these four organisms and many are unique to the different organisms. The recent analysis of the centromere structure in the yeast S. pombe by electron microscopy and detailed immunofluorescence microscopy of Drosophila centromeres have brought to light striking similarities at the overall structural level between these centromeres and the human centromere. The structural organization of the centromere is generally multilayered with a heterochromatin domain and a central core/inner plate region, which harbors the outer plate structures of the kinetochore. It is becoming increasingly clear that the key factors for assembly and function of the centromere structure are the specialized histones and modified histones which are present in the centromeric heterochromatin and in the chromatin of the central core. Thus, despite the differences in the DNA sequences and the proteins that define a centromere, there is an overall structural similarity between centromeres in evolutionarily diverse eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bjerling
- Karolinska Institute, Sodertorn University College, S-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
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41
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Bione NCP, Pagliarini MS, de Almeida LA. An Asynaptic Mutation in Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merrill) Associated with Total Absence of Sister Chromatid Cohesiveness. CYTOLOGIA 2002. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.67.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Howell BJ, McEwen BF, Canman JC, Hoffman DB, Farrar EM, Rieder CL, Salmon ED. Cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin drives kinetochore protein transport to the spindle poles and has a role in mitotic spindle checkpoint inactivation. J Cell Biol 2001; 155:1159-72. [PMID: 11756470 PMCID: PMC2199338 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered that many proteins located in the kinetochore outer domain, but not the inner core, are depleted from kinetochores and accumulate at spindle poles when ATP production is suppressed in PtK1 cells, and that microtubule depolymerization inhibits this process. These proteins include the microtubule motors CENP-E and cytoplasmic dynein, and proteins involved with the mitotic spindle checkpoint, Mad2, Bub1R, and the 3F3/2 phosphoantigen. Depletion of these components did not disrupt kinetochore outer domain structure or alter metaphase kinetochore microtubule number. Inhibition of dynein/dynactin activity by microinjection in prometaphase with purified p50 "dynamitin" protein or concentrated 70.1 anti-dynein antibody blocked outer domain protein transport to the spindle poles, prevented Mad2 depletion from kinetochores despite normal kinetochore microtubule numbers, reduced metaphase kinetochore tension by 40%, and induced a mitotic block at metaphase. Dynein/dynactin inhibition did not block chromosome congression to the spindle equator in prometaphase, or segregation to the poles in anaphase when the spindle checkpoint was inactivated by microinjection with Mad2 antibodies. Thus, a major function of dynein/dynactin in mitosis is in a kinetochore disassembly pathway that contributes to inactivation of the spindle checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Howell
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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43
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Wojcik E, Basto R, Serr M, Scaërou F, Karess R, Hays T. Kinetochore dynein: its dynamics and role in the transport of the Rough deal checkpoint protein. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:1001-7. [PMID: 11715021 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1101-1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe the dynamics of kinetochore dynein-dynactin in living Drosophila embryos and examine the effect of mutant dynein on the metaphase checkpoint. A functional conjugate of dynamitin with green fluorescent protein accumulates rapidly at prometaphase kinetochores, and subsequently migrates off kinetochores towards the poles during late prometaphase and metaphase. This behaviour is seen for several metaphase checkpoint proteins, including Rough deal (Rod). In neuroblasts, hypomorphic dynein mutants accumulate in metaphase and block the normal redistribution of Rod from kinetochores to microtubules. By transporting checkpoint proteins away from correctly attached kinetochores, dynein might contribute to shutting off the metaphase checkpoint, allowing anaphase to ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wojcik
- Virginia Tech University, Department of Biology, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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44
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Scaërou F, Starr DA, Piano F, Papoulas O, Karess RE, Goldberg ML. The ZW10 and Rough Deal checkpoint proteins function together in a large, evolutionarily conserved complex targeted to the kinetochore. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:3103-14. [PMID: 11590237 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.17.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The zeste-white 10 (zw10) and rough deal (rod) genes of Drosophila both encode kinetochore components, and mutations in either gene greatly increase the missegregation of sister chromatids during mitosis. Here, we present genetic, cytological and biochemical evidence for a close, evolutionarily conserved relationship between the ROD and ZW10 proteins. We show that the phenotypes caused by disruption of either gene’s function are similar in Drosophila and in C. elegans. No additive effects are observed in zw10; rod double null mutants. In flies, the two proteins always colocalize and, moreover, require each other for their recruitment to the mitotic apparatus. The human ROD and ZW10 homologs also colocalize on HeLa cell kinetochores or kinetochore microtubules throughout most but not all of mitosis. Finally, we show that in both Drosophila and human cells, ROD and ZW10 are in fact physically associated, and in Drosophila these proteins are together constituents of a large (700-900 kDa), soluble macromolecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scaërou
- CNRS, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Brunet S, Vernos I. Chromosome motors on the move. From motion to spindle checkpoint activity. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:669-73. [PMID: 11493594 PMCID: PMC1083995 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle assembly and chromosome segregation require the concerted activities of a variety of microtubule-dependent motors. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the roles played by the chromosome-associated motors during mitosis. While some appear to function conventionally in moving chromosomes along microtubules others seem to act in different ways. For example, by docking microtubules to chromosome arms, chromatin-associated motors prevent chromosome loss and participate in spindle formation and stability. Kinetochore motors participate in the formation of stable kinetochore fibers or in the control of microtubule dynamics and are involved in spindle checkpoint activity. Chromosome-associated motors thus appear to be key molecules that function in complementary ways to ensure the accuracy of chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brunet
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Program, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Brunet
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Program, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1 Heidelberg 69117 Germany
| | - Isabelle Vernos
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Program, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1 Heidelberg 69117 Germany
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47
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Okamura A, Pendon C, Valdivia MM, Ikemura T, Fukagawa T. Gene structure, chromosomal localization and immunolocalization of chicken centromere proteins CENP-C and ZW10. Gene 2001; 262:283-90. [PMID: 11179694 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We determined the genomic structures and complete sequences of the coding regions of the chicken CENP-C and ZW10 genes. These two genes encode proteins that are thought to be involved in maintaining the fidelity of chromosome segregation. The chicken CENP-C gene is 30 kb in length and contains 19 exons. The chicken ZW10 gene spans 10 kb and contains 15 exons. The 5'-untranslated regions of these genes contain several binding sites for transcription factors such as Sp-1, E2F, p300, and members of the GATA family. By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, the CENP-C was mapped to chromosome 4 and the ZW10 gene was mapped to a microchromosome. Antibodies against the chicken ZW10 protein revealed a cell cycle-dependent staining pattern in DT40 cells. ZW10 protein was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of DT40 cells during interphase. In most metaphase cells, ZW10 proteins appeared equally divided between the centromere and the spindle apparatus. During anaphase, chicken ZW10 proteins were no longer localized near chromosomes or the mitotic apparatus but were present diffusely in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okamura
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, National Institute of Genetics and The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mishima, 411-8540, Shizuoka-ken, Japan
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Tomkiel JE, Wakimoto BT, Briscoe A. The teflon gene is required for maintenance of autosomal homolog pairing at meiosis I in male Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2001; 157:273-81. [PMID: 11139508 PMCID: PMC1461467 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/157.1.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recombination-proficient organisms, chiasmata appear to mediate associations between homologs at metaphase of meiosis I. It is less clear how homolog associations are maintained in organisms that lack recombination, such as male Drosophila. In lieu of chiasmata and synaptonemal complexes, there must be molecules that balance poleward forces exerted across homologous centromeres. Here we describe the genetic and cytological characterization of four EMS-induced mutations in teflon (tef), a gene involved in this process in Drosophila melanogaster. All four alleles are male specific and cause meiosis I-specific nondisjunction of the autosomes. They do not measurably perturb sex chromosome segregation, suggesting that there are differences in the genetic control of autosome and sex chromosome segregation in males. Meiotic transmission of univalent chromosomes is unaffected in tef mutants, implicating the tef product in a pairing-dependent process. The segregation of translocations between sex chromosomes and autosomes is altered in tef mutants in a manner that supports this hypothesis. Consistent with these genetic observations, cytological examination of meiotic chromosomes suggests a role of tef in regulating or mediating pairing of autosomal bivalents at meiosis I. We discuss implications of this finding in regard to the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes and the mechanisms that ensure chromosome disjunction in the absence of recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Tomkiel
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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Savoian MS, Goldberg ML, Rieder CL. The rate of poleward chromosome motion is attenuated in Drosophila zw10 and rod mutants. Nat Cell Biol 2000; 2:948-52. [PMID: 11146661 DOI: 10.1038/35046605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here we show that the rate of poleward chromosome motion in zw10-null mutants is greatly attenuated throughout the division process, and that chromosome disjunction at anaphase is highly asynchronous. Our results show that ZW10 protein, together with Rod, is involved in production and/or regulation of the force responsible for poleward chromosome motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Savoian
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA
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50
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Basto R, Gomes R, Karess RE. Rough deal and Zw10 are required for the metaphase checkpoint in Drosophila. Nat Cell Biol 2000; 2:939-43. [PMID: 11146659 DOI: 10.1038/35046592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The metaphase-anaphase transition during mitosis is carefully regulated in order to assure high-fidelity transmission of genetic information to the daughter cells. A surveillance mechanism known as the metaphase checkpoint (or spindle-assembly checkpoint) monitors the attachment of kinetochores to the spindle microtubules, and inhibits anaphase onset until all chromosomes have achieved a proper bipolar orientation on the spindle. Defects in this checkpoint lead to premature anaphase onset, and consequently to greatly increased rates of aneuploidy. Here we show that the Drosophila kinetochore components Rough deal (Rod) and Zeste-White 10 (Zw10) are required for the proper functioning of the metaphase checkpoint in flies. Drosophila cells lacking either ROD or Zw10 exhibit a phenotype that is similar to that of bub1 mutants - they do not arrest in metaphase in response to spindle damage, but instead separate sister chromatids, degrade cyclin B and exit mitosis. These are the first checkpoint components to be identified that do not have obvious homologues in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Basto
- CNRS, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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